The Complainant is SALOMON SAS, of Metz Tessy, France, represented by RDLUX SA(Legitiname), Luxembourg.
The Respondent is Jim McManus, of Florida, United States of America.
The disputed domain name <salomon.com> is registered with Network Solutions, LLC.
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on December 5, 2008. On December 5, 2008, the Center transmitted by email to Network Solutions, LLC a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On the same date, Network Solutions, LLC transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that the Respondent is listed as the registrant and providing the contact details. The Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy” or “UDRP”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on December 16, 2008. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was January 5, 2009. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent's default on January 6, 2009.
The Center appointed David Perkins as the sole panelist in this matter on January 19, 2009. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4.A.1 The Complainant was founded in France in 1958 as Salomon S.A., now known as Salomon S.A.S. (Société par Action Simplifiée). It is a public limited company.
4.A.2 The Complainant manufactures and sells sports equipment and clothing, which are sold in more than 100 countries worldwide under the SALOMON trademark. Those products include skis, snowboards, ski clothing, ski footwear and ski accessories. The Complainant sells through its subsidiaries and agents in countries outside France. It also sells online through its website at “www.salomonsports.com”.
4.A.3 The Complainant is the owner of the following registered trademarks.
Country | Registration No. | Mark | Class(es) | Dates of Application / Registration |
|
France |
1 265 616 |
SALOMON |
4, 18 and 34 |
Filed: January 24, 1984 |
|
France |
94 524 424 |
SALOMON |
37, 38 and 39 |
Filed: June 10, 1994 |
|
France |
06 3 472 369 |
SALOMON |
35 |
Filed: December 27, 2006 Registered: June 8, 2007 |
|
United States of America |
966974 |
SALOMON |
9 and 28 |
Filed: January 26, 1972 Registered: August 28, 1973 |
|
United States of America |
1180271 |
SALOMON |
25 |
Filed: January 20, 1978 Registered: December 1, 1981 |
|
United States of America |
1400337 |
SALOMON |
18 |
Filed: November 21, 1985 Registered: July 8, 1986 |
|
United States of America |
1400520 |
SALOMON |
28 |
Filed: November 21, 1985 Registered: July 8, 1986 |
|
United States of America |
1400456 |
SALOMON |
25 |
Filed: November 21, 1985 Registered: July 8, 1986 |
|
United States of America |
1404712 |
SALOMON |
9 |
Filed: November 21, 1985 Registered: August 12, 1986 |
|
United States of America |
1524886 |
SALOMON |
41 |
Filed: April 22, 1988 Registered: February 14, 1989 |
|
United States of America |
2478999 |
SALOMONSPORTS.COM |
18, 25, 28, 35 and 41 |
Filed: May 24, 1999 Registered: August 21, 2001 |
|
European Union Community Trade Mark |
5215496 |
SALOMON |
9, 18, 25 and 28 |
Filed: July 7, 2006 Registered: July 26, 2007 |
|
International Trade Mark |
489108 |
SALOMON |
6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18 and 34 |
Registered: July 19, 1984 |
|
International Trade Mark |
940740 |
SALOMON |
35 |
Registered: June 8, 2007 |
Additionally, there are registered trademarks for SALOMON in the following 102 countries (or locations):
|
Albania |
Algeria |
Antigua and Barbuda |
Argentina |
Aruba |
Australia |
|
Austria |
Bahrain |
Barbados |
Belarus |
Benelux |
Bolivia |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Brazil |
Brunei Darussalam |
Bulgaria |
Canada |
Chile |
|
China |
Colombia |
Costa Rica |
Croatia |
Cuba |
Cyprus |
|
Czech Republic |
Denmark |
Dominican Republic |
Ecuador |
Egypt |
El Salvador |
|
Estonia |
Fiji |
Finland |
Georgia |
Germany |
Greece |
|
Guatemala |
Honduras |
Hong Kong, SAR of China |
Hungary |
Iceland |
India |
|
Indonesia |
Iran |
Ireland |
Israel |
Italy |
Jamaica |
|
Japan |
Jordan |
Kazakhstan |
Latvia |
Lebanon |
Liechtenstein |
|
Lithuania |
Macedonia |
Madagascar |
Malaysia |
Mauritius |
Mexico |
|
Monaco |
Morocco |
New Zealand |
Nicaragua |
Norway |
Oman |
|
Panama |
Papua New Guinea |
Paraguay |
Peru |
Philippines |
Poland |
|
Portugal |
Qatar |
Republic of Korea |
Republic of Moldova |
Republic of Serbia |
Romania |
|
Russian Federation |
San Marino |
Saudi Arabia |
Seychelles |
Singapore |
Slovakia |
|
Solomon Islands |
South Africa |
Spain |
Sweden |
Switzerland |
Taiwan, Province of China |
|
Thailand |
Tonga |
Tunisia |
Turkey |
Ukraine |
United Arab Emirates |
|
United Kingdom |
Uruguay |
Vanuatu |
Venezuela |
Vietnam |
Yemen |
4.A.4 The Complainant has registered domain names incorporating SALOMON, “salomonsport” and “salomonsports” in those countries where it sells its products and services and set out below is an extract of such domain names exhibited to the Complaint.
The earliest registered domain name was <salomon-sports.com> on March 17, 1995.
4.B.1 In the absence of a Response, what is known of the Respondent appears from the Complaint and its annexes. The disputed domain name <salomon.com> was created on January 11, 1995. At that time, the registrant was Salomon Bros. Inc. of New York, New York and the Respondent, Jim McManus, was the administrative and technical contact.
4.B.2 At some stage prior to September 27, 2007, the Respondent himself became the registrant of the disputed domain name.
4.B.3 The disputed domain name resolves to a parking page (also known as a landing page) which depicts a downhill skier and links to “Salomon Sports”, “Ski Boots”, “Salomon Ski” and “Salomon Snowboard”.
4.C.1 On June 23, 2008 the Complainant's representative emailed a cease and desist letter to the Respondent requesting transfer of the disputed domain name and offering “to reach a friendly agreement with you [the Respondent] in order to transfer this domain name.”
4.C.2 In the absence of a reply to that email, on September 10, 2008, the Complainant's Digital Marketing Manager emailed the Respondent, explaining that he represented the Complainant who was interested in purchasing the disputed domain name. The same day the Respondent replied, “I am interested in receiving significant offers. Jim.”
The Complainant's Digital Marketing Manager replied, again the same day, offering USD 1,000.00.
4.C.3 On September 23, 2008, the Complainant's representative followed up that exchange of emails asking the Respondent to contact him to proceed with the sale and purchase of the disputed domain name. The Respondent replied on September 24, 2008 giving his telephone number. Then on October 7, 2008 the Complainant's representative spoke by telephone to the Respondent. The Complainant's representative account of that conversation is that he pointed out the Complainant's trademark rights in SALOMON and that, in the circumstances, the Respondent could have no legitimate interest in the disputed domain name. The Complainant's representative says that this was not disputed by the Respondent, whose response was to ask what the Complainant was prepared to pay for transfer of the domain name. The Respondent said he had previously received an offer equal to USD 10,000.00 and, in the circumstances, was looking for an offer of at least that sum from the Complainant, according to the Complainant's representative, the Complainant's representative replied that he could not envisage the Complainant agreeing to a sum of that magnitude and indicated that, unless the Respondent would reduce his asking price, the Complainant would resort to formal proceedings.
4.C.4 Later the same day [October 7, 2008] the Complainant's representative emailed the Respondent having reported their telephone conversation to the Complainant. By that email he counter-offered on behalf of the Complainant USD 4,000.00, requesting a reply from the Respondent within 8 days.
4.C.5 Having received nothing in reply from the Respondent on October 14, 2008 the Complainant's representative emailed the Respondent's in the following terms:
“Dear Mr. McManus,
We haven't received a reply from you since our last email dated the 7th of October. If you don't reply in the next 24 hours, we will consider your silence as non-acceptance of our proposal.
Best regards,
[]”
4.C.6 The Respondent replied the same day saying:
“Your overly aggressive and threatening posture has resulted in a non-acceptance of your offer.”
Which email the Complainant's representative acknowledged the following day.
5.A.1 The Complainant is the owner of the SALOMON registered trademarks and “Salomon” prefixed domain names, set out respectively in paragraphs 4.A3 and 4.A.4 above. The earliest of the registered trademarks dates from 1973 and the earliest domain name registration for <salomon-sports.com>, from March 17, 1995, some 2 months after registration of the disputed domain name.
5.A.2 The disputed domain name is identical to the SALOMON registered trademark. The Complainant has been in business for over 30 years. The earliest (1973) of the United States of America SALOMON trademarks claims first use in commerce from May 26, 1953 for the ski equipment specified in classes 9 and 28.
5.A.3 The Complaint also exhibits a Google search for “salomon” which prominently features the Complainant and its products. This, the Complainant says, illustrates the strong worldwide reputation it has built up with consumers for its products under the SALOMON name and trademark over a period of more than 30 years.
5.A.4 The Complainant says that it has not authorized the Respondent to use the SALOMON trademark as a domain name.
5.A.5 Further, the Complainant says that there is no association between itself and the Respondent. In that respect, the Complaint exhibits the results of a Google search for “Jim McManus Salomon”.
5.A.6 In the light of its extensive prior rights in the SALOMON trademark, which predate registration of the disputed domain name by more than 20 years, and of the absence of any authorization, the Complainant says that the Respondent's use of the domain name cannot be a bona fide, a legitimate or a fair use.
5.A.7 Additionally, there is no evidence that the Respondent has been commonly known by the domain name.
5.A.8 Finally, in his telephone conversation with the Respondent, the Complainant's representative says that the Respondent never asserted that he had rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name, his only concern was with the amount of money the Complainant was prepared to pay for transfer of the domain name.
5.A.9 The Complainant's case is as follows. First, the references to SALOMON products on the landing page to which the disputed domain name resolves is entirely without any connection to the Complainant. This use of the domain name began, the Complainant says, after the Respondent acquired the disputed domain name from its previous owner in September 2007. The Complainant characterizes this as an attempt by the Respondent to attract Internet users to the website by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant's SALOMON trademark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation or endorsement of that website.
5.A.10 Second, given the well-known status of the SALOMON trademark by January 1995 with first sales in the United States dating back to 1953, the Complainant says that the disputed domain name must have been registered in full knowledge of that trademark and, consequently, in bad faith.
5.A.11 Third, in the light of the correspondence between the Parties summarized in section 4.C above the Complainant asserts that the circumstances set out in paragraph 4(b)(i) of the Policy are met on the facts of this case.
As noted above, no Response has been submitted.
6.1 The Policy paragraph 4(a) provides that the complainant must prove each of the following in order to succeed in an administrative proceeding:
(i) that the respondent's domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the complainant has rights; and
(ii) that the respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name; and
(iii) that the domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
6.2 The Policy paragraph 4(c) sets out circumstances which, in particular, but without limitation, if found by the Panel to be proved shall demonstrate the Respondent's rights or legitimate interest in the disputed domain name.
6.3 The Policy paragraph 4(b) sets out circumstances which, again in particular, but without limitation, if found by the Panel to be present shall be evidence of the registration and use of a domain name in bad faith.
6.4 As stated, the circumstances set out in paragraphs 4(b) and 4(c) of the Policy are not exclusive. They are without limitation. That is, the Policy expressly recognizes that other circumstances can be evidence relevant the requirements of paragraphs 4(a)(ii) and (iii) of the Policy.
6.5 The Complainant has rights in the SALOMON trademark which is registered in over 100 countries worldwide, dating from the earliest registration in 1973 in the United States of America.
6.6 The disputed domain name is identical with that trademark.
6.7 Accordingly, the Complaint satisfies the requirements of paragraph 4(a)(i) of the Policy.
6.8 As noted, the Complainant's use of the SALOMON trademark dates from 1953 and its first registration of that trademark dates from 1973, both long predating registration of the disputed domain name in January 1995.
6.9 In the absence of a Response, there is nothing from the record to indicate that any of the circumstances set out in paragraph 4(c) of the Policy could apply in this case. The evidence is to the contrary, since the Complainant says that it has not authorized use by the Respondent of the disputed domain name. Further, in the record of the email and telephone exchanges between the Parties set out in section 4.C above there is no assertion of rights or legitimate interests by the Respondent, merely a refusal to transfer the domain name for the amount offered by the Complainant, namely USD 4,000.00.
6.10 In these circumstances, the Panel finds that the Complaint also satisfies paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy.
6.11 As to registration in bad faith, not only does SALOMON appear to be well-known worldwide in relation to sports equipment and clothing, but it had also been used and registered as a trademark for very many years before the disputed domain name was registered in 1995. It is reasonable to conclude that the registrant was likely aware of the Complainant's rights in the SALOMON mark at that time and that, consequently, the disputed domain name was registered in bad faith. In fact, its registration prevented the Complainant from reflecting the SALOMON trademark in a corresponding domain name, necessitating registration some two months later (March 1995) by the Complainant of <salomon-sports.com>. These observations apply doubly so in relation to the Respondent's apparent acquisition of the disputed domain name in 2007.
6.12 As to use in bad faith, no indication is given in the Complaint as to what (if any) use was made of the disputed domain name between registration in 1995 and transfer to the Respondent in September 2007. However, the use which has been made of the domain name since September 2007 to resolve to a landing page / parking page linking, inter alia, to SALOMON snow products has not been made with the consent or authorization of the Complainant. Given that the disputed domain name is identical to the Complainant's SALOMON mark and the above finding that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name, in this Panel's view it is difficult to envisage what bona fide or legitimate use could be made of the domain name.
6.13 This bad faith by the Respondent is, in the Panel's opinion, compounded by the Respondent not raising any claim to rights or legitimate interests to the domain name in the communications between the parties and his willingness to sell the disputed domain name but only for a sum exceeding USD 4,000.00. The Respondent's asking price was USD 10,000.00, which the Panel believes is likely to exceed by far the Respondent's out-of-pocket costs directly related to the domain name.
6.14 Finally, in failing to submit a Response the Respondent has provided no evidence whatsoever of any actual or contemplated good faith use of the disputed domain name.
6.15 In all the circumstances, in the Panel's view the two requirements of paragraph 4(a)(iii) are met by the Complaint.
6.16 While the Panel finds for the Complainant in this case, it should be said that the language used in the Complaint is difficult to understand. The Panelist entirely appreciates that English may not be the first language of either the Complainant (a Company incorporated and headquartered in France) or its counsel (who have an address in Luxembourg). However, the language of the proceeding is English and it is desirable that submissions are drafted in the appropriate language as clearly as possible.
6.17 Additionally, as noted in paragraph 6.12 above, the Complaint gives no explanation for the period between registration of the disputed domain name (January 1995) and when the Respondent appears to have acquired the domain name (September 2007). In the particular case the Complainant is fortunate that such omission has not proved fatal to its case. However in general, complainants and their legal representatives should have regard to the fact that the Rules provide for only one complaint and one response, any additional submission being at the discretion of the Panel (Rules paragraph 12). Accordingly, it is important that the complaint and its annexes should set out the Complainant's case both fully and clearly from the outset.
For all the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the domain name <salomon.com> be transferred to the Complainant.
David Perkins
Sole Panelist
Dated: January 27, 2009