| Regulatory review exception | United States of America | 35 USC § 271(e) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Albania | Art.4 no.7-11, Art. 5(2) (a) and(5) and Art.6 (2) and (3) of the Industrial Property Law Nr. 9977 of 07/07/2008 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Costa Rica | Article 1 (2) (a) of the Law No.6867 of 25/04/1983 as last amended on 12/10/2000 and Article 78 1), 3), 6) of the Law no. 7788 of 23/04/1998 on Biodiversity | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Costa Rica | Article 1 (2) (a) of the Law on Patents, Industrial Designs and Utility Models No. 6867 of 25/04/1983 as last amended by Law No. 8632 of 25/05/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Hungary | Article 1 (2) (c) and (3) of the Law on the Protection of Inventions by Patents No. XXXIII of 1995 (Consolidated text of 01/03/2011) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Iceland | Article 1 (2) 3) of the Patent Act No. 17 of 1991 as last amended by Act No. 167/2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Costa Rica | Article 1 (3) and (4) (c) and (d) of the Law No.6867 of 25/04/1983 as last amended on 12/10/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | European Union | Article 1 of the Regulation (EC) No 816/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on the compulsory licensing of patents relating to the manufacture of pharmaceutical products for export to countries with public health problems | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Iceland | Article 1 §§ 4 and 5 of the Patents Act No. 17/1991 as last amended by Law no. 167/2007 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Sweden | Article 1(2) 3) of the Patents Act 1967:837, as amended up to 01/07/2011 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Egypt | Article 10 (1) of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights No. 82 of 2002 | |
| Research exception | Greece | Article 10 (2) a) of the Law 1733 of 1987 "Technology transfer, inventions and technological innovation" | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Armenia | Article 10 (3) (a) and (e) of the Industrial Property Law of 10/06/2008 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Egypt | Article 10 (5) of the Intellectual Property Law 82 of 2002 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Brazil | Article 10 (IX) and 18 of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 (as last amended by Law No.10.196, of 14/02/2001) | |
| Research exception | Egypt | Article 10 no. 1 of the Intellectual Property Law 82 of 2002 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Belarus | Article 10 of the Law No. 160-Z on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 16/12/ 2002 | |
| Research exception | Belarus | Article 10 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus on "Patents for Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs" of 16/12/2002, No. 160-Z | |
| Substantive examination | Mongolia | Article 10 of the Patent Law of 25/06/1993, as last amended in 1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Viet Nam | Article 102 (1) and (2) (a) of the Law on Intellectual Property No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 as last amended by Order No. 12/2009/L-CTN of 29/06/2009 and Rule 15.2.(a) and (b) (i) of the Regulations thereto | |
| Regulatory review exception | Portugal | Article 102 c) of the Industrial Property Code (approved by Decree-Law 36/2003 of 5 March and amended by Decree-Law 318/2007 of 26 September, Decree- Law360/2007 of 2 November, Decree-Law 143/2008 of 25 July and Law 16/2008 of 1 April) | |
| Research exception | Portugal | Article 102 c) of the Industrial Property Code (approved by Decree-Law 36/2003 of 5/03/2003 as last amended by Law No. 16 of 01/04/2008) | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Portugal | Article 103 of the Industrial Property Code, Decree-Law No. 36 of 05/03/2003 as last amended by Law No. 16 of 01/04/2008 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | El Salvador | Article 105 (a) of the Intellectual Property Legislative Decree No. 604 of 15/07/1993 No. 604 as last amended by Legislative Decree No. 912 of 14/12/2005 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Republic of Korea | Article 107 of the Patent Act promulgated on 28/11/1949 by Military Act No. 950, as last amended by Act No. 9381 of 30/01/2009 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Kenya | Article 109 of the Industrial Property Act of 27/07/2001 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Slovenia | Article 11 (1) of the Industrial Property Act of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 and the Decree on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions of 2003 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Mauritius | Article 11 (3) (a) and (f) of the Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Act No. 25 of 2002 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | El Salvador | Article 116 (d) of the Legislative Decree No. 604 of 15/07/1993 on the Promotion and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights as last amended by Legislative Decree No. 912 of 14/12/2005 | |
| Research exception | El Salvador | Article 116 b) and c) of the Legislative Decree No. 604 of 15/07/1993 on the Promotion and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights as last amended by Legislative Decree No. 912 of 14/12/2005 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Montenegro | Article 119 of the Law on Patents of 31/10/2008 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Belize | Article 12 (1) (a) of the Patents Act (Ch. 253), No. 14 of 21/06/2000 | |
| Research exception | Algeria | Article 12 (1) n. 1 of the Ordinance on Patents No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Algeria | Article 12 no.2 of the Patent Ordinance No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Article 12 of the Law No. 82-001 of 07/01/1982 on Industrial Property | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Uzbekistan | Article 12 of the Law on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 1068-XII of 29/08/2002 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Kazakhstan | Article 12 of the Patent Act No. 427 of 16/07/1999 | |
| Research exception | Kazakhstan | Article 12 of the Patent Act of 16/07/1999 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Kyrgyzstan | Article 12 of the Patent Law of 14/01/1998 as last amended in 2003 | |
| Research exception | Viet Nam | Article 125 (2) a) of the Intellectual Property Law No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Viet Nam | Article 125 (2) a/ of the Intellectual Property Law No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Ecuador | Article 125 (d) of the Intellectual Property Law (Consolidation No. 2006-13) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Samoa | Article 125 of the Intellectual Property Act of 11/10/2011 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Ecuador | Article 126 (c) of the Intellectual Property Law, Codification No. 2006-013 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Italy | Article 127 (1) of the Industrial Property Code, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 2005, as last amended on 24/01/2012 and Article 473 of the Criminal Code | |
| Transition periods | Uruguay | Article 127 of the Law No. 17.164 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 1.827*R of 02/09/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Belarus | Article 13 (1) and (2) 2), 3) and 4) of the of the Law No. 160-Z on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 16/12/2002 as last amended on 29/10/2004 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Uruguay | Article 13 (a), (b) and (g) of the Law No. 17.164 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 1.827*R of 02/09/1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Uruguay | Article 13 (b) of the Law No. 17.164 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 1.827*R of 02/09/1999 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Uruguay | Article 13 (e) of the Law No. 17.164 of 02/09/1999 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs | |
| Research exception | Kyrgyzstan | Article 13 no. 2 of the Patent Law of 14/01/1998 # 8 (as last amended in 2003) | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Kyrgyzstan | Article 13 no.4 of the Patent Law of 14/01/1998, as last amended on 27/02/2003 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | European Union | Article 13 of the Directive 98/44/EC of 06/07/1998 | |
| Research exception | Armenia | Article 13 of the Law on Patents of October 26, 1999 | |
| Substantive examination | Ethiopia | Article 13 of the Proclamation concerning Inventions, Minor Inventions and Industrial Designs No. 123 of 10/05/1995 | |
| Research exception | Guatemala | Article 130 b) and c) of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57-2000 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Guatemala | Article 131 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Nicaragua | Article 132 (a), (e) and (f) of the Law No. 354 of 21/11/2000, Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs as last amended by Law No. 634 of 13/09/2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Russian Federation | Article 1350 (1) and (6) 1) of the Civil Code (Chapter 72) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Russian Federation | Article 1350 (5) 1) and (6) 1)of the Patent Act (Chapter 72) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Russian Federation | Article 1350 (5) 5) of the Civil Code (Chapter 72) | |
| Utility models | Russian Federation | Article 1351 of the Patent Law (Chapter 72) | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Russian Federation | Article 1359 no. 6 of the Patent Law (Chapter 72) Article 1359. Acts which Shall Not Constitute an Infringement of the Exclusive Right to an Invention, Utility Model, or Industrial Design | |
| Research exception | Russian Federation | Article 1359 no.2 of the Patent Law (Chapter 72) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Russian Federation | Article 1375 (2) 2) of the Patent Act (Chapter 72) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Panama | Article 14 4) of the Law No. 35 of 10/05/1996 on Industrial Property | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Mongolia | Article 141 of the Criminal Code of 2002 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Viet Nam | Article 144 of the Law on Intellectual Property No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 as last amended by Order No. 12/2009/L-CTN of 29/06/2009 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Russian Federation | Article 147 of the Criminal Code No. 63-FZ of 13/06/1996 (as amended by the Federal Law of 07.12.2011 N 420-FZ, the Federal Law of 07.03.2011 N 26-FZ, the Federal Law of 08.12.2003 N 162-FZ) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Cabo Verde | Article 15 (1) (c) and (e), (2), and (3) of the Industrial property code, Law Decree No. 4/2007 of 20/08/2007 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Andean Community | Article 15 (e) of the Decision No. 486 of 14/09/ 2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community - Common Industrial Property Regime (Cartagena Agreement) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Panama | Article 15 1), 2) and 5) of the Law No. 35 of 10/05/1996 Enacting Provisions on Industrial Property | |
| Utility models | Armenia | Article 15 of the Law on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 10/06/2008 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Turkmenistan | Article 153 of the Criminal Code number 222-I of 12 June 1997 (as amended November 9, 2013) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Tajikistan | Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan of 01/09/1998 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Armenia | Article 159 of the Criminal Code of Armenia | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Georgia | Article 16 (1) (c) of the Patent Law of 05/02/1999 as east amended on 2010 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Costa Rica | Article 16 (2) (d) of the Patents Law No. 6867 of 25/04/1983, as last amended by Law No. 8039 of 12/10/2000 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Costa Rica | Article 16 (2) (e) of the Law on Patents, Industrial Designs and Utility Models No. 6867 of 25/04/1983, as amended by Law No. 7979 of 12/10/2000 | |
| Research exception | Costa Rica | Article 16 (2) b) and c) of the Law on Patents, Industrial Designs and Utility Models No. 6867 of 25/04/1983, as amended by Law No. 7979 of 10/12/2000 | |
| Research exception | Indonesia | Article 16 (3) of the Patent Law No. 14 of 2001 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Mexico | Article 16 I), II), III)and V) of the Industrial Property Law of June 27, 1991, as last amended on 09/04/2012 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Slovakia | Article 16 of the Act No. 435/2001 Coll. on Patents, Supplementary Protection Certificates and on Amendment of Some Acts as Amended by Act No. 402/2002 Coll., Act No. 84/2007 Coll. and Act No. 517/2007 Coll. | |
| Utility models | Slovenia | Article 16 of the Industrial Property Act of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Bahrain | Article 16 of the Industrial Property Law as last amended by Law No. 14 of 28/05/2006 | |
| Substantive examination | Egypt | Article 16 of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights No 82 of 03/06/2002 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Georgia | Article 17 (c) of the Patent Law of 05/02/1999 | |
| Security exceptions | Slovenia | Article 17 of the Industrial Property Act (ZIL-1-UPB3) of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Burundi | Article 17 of the Law No. 1/13 of 28/07/2009 on Industrial Property | |
| Transition periods | Burundi | Article 17 of the Law No. 1/13 of 28/072009 on Industrial Property | |
| Substantive examination | Italy | Article 170 (1) (b) and (3) of the Code of the Industrial Property, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 15/02/2005 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Mozambique | Article 175 of the Industrial Property Code, approved by Decree No. 04/2006 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Ukraine | Article 177 of the Criminal Code of 15/04/2001 (version of 2010) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Rwanda | Article 18 (1) 1), 4) and 6) of the Law No. 31/2009 of 26/10/2009 on the protection of intellectual property | |
| Transition periods | Rwanda | Article 18 (1) 8) of the Law No. 31/2009 of 26/10/2009 on the protection of intellectual property | |
| Research exception | Slovakia | Article 18 (1) f) of the Act No. 435/2001 Coll. on Patents, Supplementary Protection Certificates and on Amendment of Some Acts as Amended (The Patent Act) | |
| Regulatory review exception | Slovakia | Article 18 (1) f) of the Act No. 435/2001 Coll. on Patents, Supplementary Protection Certificates as last amended by Act No. 517/2007 Coll. | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Madagascar | Article 18 (1) of the Industrial Property Law, Ordinance No. 89 019 of 31/07/1989 | |
| Research exception | Mongolia | Article 18 (2) no. 2 of the Patents Act of 25/06/1993, as last amended in 1997 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Mongolia | Article 18 (2) no.1 of the Patents Act of 25/06/1993, as last amended in 1997 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Rwanda | Article 18 (2) of the Law No. 31/2009 of 26/10/2009 on the Protection of Intellectual Property | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Honduras | Article 18 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree Law No. 12-99-E of 30/12/1999 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Burundi | Article 18 of the Law No. 1/13 of 28/07/2009 on Industrial Property | |
| Research exception | Honduras | Article 18 of the Law on Industrial Property, Decree Law No. 12-99-E of 30/12/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Armenia | Article 19 (1) and (2) of the Law on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 10/06/2008 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Hungary | Article 19 (6) (b) of the Law on the Protection of Inventions by Patents No.XXXIII of 1995 (Consolidated text of 01.10.2009) | |
| Research exception | Hungary | Article 19 (6) b)of the Law on the Protection of Inventions by Patents No. XXXIII of 1995 (Consolidated text of 01.10.2009) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Mexico | Article 19 IV of the Industrial Property Law of 27/06/1991, as last amended on 09/04/2012 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Panama | Article 19 No. 3 of the Industrial Property Law No. 35 of 10/05/1996 | |
| Research exception | Slovenia | Article 19 b) of the Industrial Property Act of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 | |
| Research exception | Panama | Article 19 no. 1 and 2 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 35 of 10/05/1996 | |
| Substantive examination | Bahrain | Article 19 of the Industrial Property Law as last amended by Law No. 14 of 28/05/2006 | |
| Utility models | Greece | Article 19 of the Law no. 1733/1987 "Technology transfer, Inventions and Technological innovation" | |
| Security exceptions | Algeria | Article 19 of the Ordinance No.03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Substantive examination | Lithuania | Article 19 of the Patent Law No. I-372 of 18/01/1994 as last amended by Law No. X-1119 of 10/05/2007 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Lithuania | Article 195 of the Criminal Code, Law No. VIII-1968 of 26/09/2000 as last amended on 02/07/2010 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Liechtenstein | Article 1a (II) of the Federal Patent Law of 25/06/1954 as last amended on 24/03/1995 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Sweden | Article 1a §§ 1 and 2 of the Patents Act No. 837 of 01/12/1967 as last amended by Law No. 161 of 01/04/2004 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Oman | Article 2 (1) (a) and (d) of the Law on Industrial property Rights, Royal Decree No. 67 of the 2008 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Dominican Republic | Article 2 (1) (a) and (g) of the Industrial Property Law No. 20-00 of 08/05/2000 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Dominican Republic | Article 2 (1) e) 3 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 20-00 of 18/04/2000 as least amended by Law No. No. 424-06 of 2006 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Andorra | Article 2 (2) (a) of the Patent Law of 1999 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | San Marino | Article 2 (2) (a), (4) (c) and (d), (5), (6) and (7) of the Law on Industrial Property No. 79 of 25/05/2005 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Switzerland | Article 2 (2) (b) of the Federal Patents Law of 25/06/1954 as last amended on 01/07 2009 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | San Marino | Article 2 (2) (c) and (3) of the Law No. 79 of 25/05/2005 - Industrial Property Consolidation Act | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Article 2 (2) (c) and (3) of the Patent Act of 15/12/1994, (Text as it applies on 03/06/2009) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Lithuania | Article 2 (2) 3) of the Patent Law No. I-372 of 18/01/1994 as last amended by Law No. X-1119 of 10/05/2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Belarus | Article 2 (2) of the Law No. 160-Z on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 16/12/2002 as last amended on 29/10/2004 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Egypt | Article 2 (2), (4) and (5) of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights No 82 of 03/06/2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Japan | Article 2 (3) and (4) of the Patent Law No. 121 of 13/04/1959, as last amended by Act No. 63 of 2011 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Belarus | Article 2 (3) of the Law No. 160-Z of 16/12/2002 on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models, Industrial Designs, as last amended on 15/07/2010 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | San Marino | Article 2 (4) (c), (5) and (7) (b) of the Law on Industrial Property No. 79 of 25/05/2005 as last amended in 2011 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Egypt | Article 2 (4) of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights No 82 of 03/06/2002 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Lebanon | Article 2 (e) and (f) of the Patent Law No. 240 of 14/08/2000 | |
| Security exceptions | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Article 2 of the Patents (Public Officers) Regulations | |
| Utility models | China | Article 2 of the Rules for the implementation of the Patent Law (Decree No. 306 of 15/06/2001) and Articles 22 and 25 of the Patent Law of 12/03/1984 as last amended on 27/12/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Andorra | Article 2(2) (c) and (3) of the Patent Act of 10/06/1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Dominican Republic | Article 2(2) (c) of the Industrial Property Law No. 20-00 of 08/05/2000 as last amended by Law No. 424-06 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Lithuania | Article 2(2) 1 and 5, (3.2) and (5) of the Patent Law No. I-372 of 18/01/1994 as last amended by Law No. X-1119 of 10/05/2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Republic of Korea | Article 2(i) of the Patent Act of the Republic of Korea as last amended on January 30, 2009 by Act No. 9381. | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Lithuania | Article 2, § 3 2) of the Patent Law No. I-372 of 18/01/1994 as last amended by Law No. X-1119 of 10/05/2007 | |
| Research exception | Bulgaria | Article 20 (1) no. 2 of the Law on Patents and Utility Models Registration No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended by Law No. 59/20 of July 2007 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Bulgaria | Article 20 (7) of the Law on Patents and Utility Models Registration No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended by Law no. 59/20 of July 2007 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Hungary | Article 20 of the Law on the Protection of Inventions by Patents No. XXXIII of 1995 (Consolidated text of 01.10.2009) | |
| Substantive examination | Andorra | Article 20 of the Patent Law of 10/06/1999 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Mongolia | Article 20 of the Patent Law of 25/06/1993, as last amended in 1997 | |
| Security exceptions | Bahrain | Article 20 of the law on Patents and Utility Models No. 1 of 2004 as last amended by Law No. 14 of 2006 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Serbia | Article 201 (1), (2) and (5) of the Criminal Code of 29/12/2009 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Bulgaria | Article 20a (1) of the Law on Patents and Utility Models Registration No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended by Law no. 59/20 of July 2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Cuba | Article 21 (3) (d) and (j) and Article 22 (b) of the Law-Decree Nº 290 of 20/11/2011 on Inventions, Industrial Designs and Models | |
| Research exception | Jordan | Article 21 C of the Patent Act 1999, No. 32 as last amended by Act No. 71/2001 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Jordan | Article 21 C of the Patent Act No. 32 of 1999, as last amended by Act No. 71/2001 | |
| Security exceptions | Lithuania | Article 21 and 24 §3 of the Law on Patents of 18/01/1994, No. I-372, as last amended on 10/05/2007 by Law No. X-1119 | |
| Research exception | Republic of Moldova | Article 22 (1) b) of the Law on the protection of Inventions No. 50-XVI of 07/03/2008 | |
| Research exception | Mexico | Article 22 (1) of the Industrial Property Law of 25/06/1991, last amended version of 06/12/2005 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Philippines | Article 22 4) of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997 as last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Mexico | Article 22 II of the Industrial Property Law of 25/06/1991, last amended version of 06/12/2005 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Saudi Arabia | Article 22 of the Law of Patents, Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, Plant Varieties, and Industrial Designs of 2004 | |
| Security exceptions | Mongolia | Article 22 of the Patents Act of 25/06/1993 as last amended on 19/01/2006 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Cuba | Article 227 (e) of the Criminal Code, Law No. 62 of 29/12/1987, as last amended on 16/02/1999 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Morocco | Article 23 (3) of the Law No. 17-97 of 15/02/2000 concerning Protection of Industrial Property as implemented by the Decree No. 2-00-368 of 07/06/2004 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Andorra | Article 23 (4) (a) of the Patent Act of 10/06/1999 | |
| Research exception | Andorra | Article 23 (4) of the Patent Act of 10/06/1999 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Morocco | Article 23 1) of the Law No. 17-97 concerning Protection of Industrial Property as implemented by Law No. 31-05 of 02/03/2006 | |
| Security exceptions | Libya | Article 23 of the Law No. 8 of 1959 on Patents and Industrial Designs and Models | |
| Substantive examination | San Marino | Article 23 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 79 of 25/05/2005 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Slovenia | Article 234 of the Criminal Code (KZ-1) of 01/09/2008 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Morocco | Article 24 (b) of the Law No. 97-17 on the Protection of Industrial Property (2000) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Qatar | Article 24 of the Decree Law No. 30 for the year 2006 To Issue Patents Law | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | China | Article 25 (1) of the Patent Law of 28/12/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | North Macedonia | Article 25 (3) 3) of the Law on Industrial Property No. 07-1006/1 of 12/02/2009 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | China | Article 25 (4) of the Patent Law of 28/12/2008 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Republic of Moldova | Article 26 (7) of the Law on the protection of Inventions No. 50-XVI of 07/03/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Djibouti | Article 26 (g) of the Protection of Industrial Property Law No. 50/AN/09/6th L of 21/06/2009 | |
| Research exception | Lithuania | Article 26 of the Patent Law No. I-372 of 18/01/1994(as last amended by Act - No. X-1119 of 10/05/2007) | |
| Substantive examination | Belgium | Article 26 of the Patents Act (Ch. 253) No. 14 of 21/06/2000 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Cabo Verde | Article 267 (a), 268 (1), 269 and 275 to 279 of the Industrial Property Code (Decree-Law No. 4/2007 of 20/08/2007) | |
| Research exception | Cyprus | Article 27 (3) (ii) and (iii) of the Patent Act of 1998 (amended in 2000,2002 and 2006 but English version not available.) | |
| Regulatory review exception | Malta | Article 27 (6) (d) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002, as last amended by Acts IX of 2003 and XVIII of 2005 | |
| Research exception | Malta | Article 27 (6) lett. b) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002, as amended by Acts IX of 2003 and XVIII of 2005 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Malta | Article 27 (9) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002, as amended by Acts IX of 2003 and XVIII of 2005 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Slovakia | Article 27 of the Act No. 435/2001 Coll. on Patents, Supplementary Protection Certificates and on Amendment of Some Acts as Amended by Act No. 402/2002 Coll., Act No. 84/2007 Coll. and Act No. 517/2007 Coll. | |
| Research exception | Belgium | Article 28 (1) b) of the Patent Law of 28/03/1984 (as of 01/01/2010) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Poland | Article 28 (v) of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000, as amended by Act of 23/01/2004 and Act of 29/06/2007 | |
| Substantive examination | Albania | Article 28 of the Industrial Property Law Nr. 9977 of 07/07/2008 | |
| Utility models | Egypt | Article 29 of the Industrial Property Law No. 82 of 2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) | Article 3 (1) 1) of the Patent Regulation of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (as at 23/04/2002) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Bahrain | Article 3 (1) and (2) of Law No. (14) for the year 2006 Amending some Provisions of Law Number (1) of the Year 2004 In respect of Patents and Utility Models | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Iceland | Article 3 (2) no.2 of the Patents Act No. 17 of 1991 as last amended according to Act No. 167/2007 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Iceland | Article 3 (2) no.3 of the Patents Act No. 17/1991 as last amended by Act No.167/2007 | |
| Research exception | Iceland | Article 3 (2) no.3 of the Patents Act No. 17of 1991 as last amended by Act No. 167/2007 | |
| Utility models | Mongolia | Article 3 (3) & (5) and Article 4 of the Patent Law of 25/06/1993 as last amended in 1997 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Vanuatu | Article 3 (3) (a) and (b) of the Patents Act No. 2 of 21/07/2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Belgium | Article 3 §§1 3) and 2 of the Patent Law of 28/03/1984 (Official Consolidation of 01/01/2010) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Tunisia | Article 3, § 1 of the Patents Law No.2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Mozambique | Article 30 (1) (b) and (2) (b)of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 04 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Mozambique | Article 30 (1) d) of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 4 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Mozambique | Article 30 (2) (b) of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 04 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Dominican Republic | Article 30 (d) of the Law on Industrial Property No. 20-00 of 18/04/2000 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Dominican Republic | Article 30 (g) of the Law on Industrial Property No. 20-00 of 18/04/2000 | |
| Research exception | Dominican Republic | Article 30 b) and c) of the Law on Industrial Property No. 20-00 of 18/04/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Ukraine | Article 30 of the Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models No. 3687-XII of 15/12/1993 as last amended in 2003 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Colombia | Article 306 of the Criminal Code as last amended on 22/06/2006 | |
| Security exceptions | Malaysia | Article 30A of the Patents Act of 1983 as last amended in 2006 | |
| Research exception | Ukraine | Article 31 (2) of the Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models (The translation is not official) No. 3687-XII of 15/12/1993 as last amended in 2003 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Ukraine | Article 31 (3) of the Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models No. 3687-XII of 15/12/1993 as last amended in 2003 | |
| Security exceptions | Albania | Article 31 of the Industrial Property Law No. 9977 of 07/07/2008 | |
| Security exceptions | Belgium | Article 31 ° 4 of the Patent Law of 28/03/1984 (Consolidated version as of 01/01/2010) and Article 2 of the Law of 08/07/1977 on the approval of the Strasbourg convention, PCT and the Convention on the European Patent and its Regulations. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Egypt | Article 32 of the Law No. 82 of 2002 on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights | |
| Security exceptions | Belarus | Article 32 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 160-Z of December 16, 2002, on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models, Industrial Designs (as amended up to December 22, 2011) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Uzbekistan | Article 32 of the Law on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 29/08/2002 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | North Macedonia | Article 321 (1) 2) of the Law on Industrial Property of 12/02/2009 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Dominica | Article 33 (4) (a) of the Patent Act No. 8 of 07/10/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Belize | Article 33 (4) (a) of the Patents Act, Chapter 253, of 21/06/2000 | |
| Research exception | Belize | Article 33 (4) c) of the Patents Act (Ch. 253) of 2000 | |
| Research exception | Dominica | Article 33 (4) c) of the Patents Act No. 8 of 07/10/1999 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Jordan | Article 33 A and B of the Patents Law No. 32 of 1999 as last amended in 2006 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Dominican Republic | Article 33 of the Industrial Property Law No. 20-00 of 08/05/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | Rwanda | Article 33 of the Law No. 31/2009 of 26/10/2009 on the protection of intellectual property | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Paraguay | Article 34 (c) of the Patents Law No. 1.630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Romania | Article 34 (d) of the Patent Law no. 64 of 1991 as republished in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No. 456/18.VI.2008 | |
| Research exception | Paraguay | Article 34 a) and b) of the Law on Patents for Invention No.1630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Andorra | Article 34 of the Patent Act of 10/06/1999 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Andorra | Article 35 of the Law on Patents of 10/06/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Argentina | Article 36 (c) of the Patents and Utility Models Law no. 24.481 of 1996 | |
| Research exception | Argentina | Article 36 a) of the Law on Patents and Utility Models No. 24.481 of 1996 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Yemen | Article 36 of the Law No. 2 of 2011 on Patents, Utility Models, Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits and Undisclosed Information | |
| Transition periods | Lebanon | Article 36 of the Law on Patents of Invention No. 32 for the Year 1999(as last amended by Law No. 71 of 2001) | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Paraguay | Article 36 of the Patents Law No. 1630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Chile | Article 37 (a), (b) and (f) of the Industrial Property Law No. 19.039 of 24/01/1991 (consolidated version of 2005 as last amended on 2007), | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Chile | Article 37 (b) and (f) of the Industrial Property Law No. 19.039 of 24/01/1991 (consolidated version of 2005 as last amended on 2007) | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Jordan | Article 37 of the Law on Patents No. 32 of 1999, as last amended by Law No. 71 of 2001 | |
| Security exceptions | Kazakhstan | Article 37 of the Law on Patents of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 427-I of July 16, 1999 (as amended up to Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 34-V of July 10, 2012) | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Algeria | Article 37 of the Ordinance No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Research exception | Albania | Article 38 (1) b) of the Patent Law No. 9947 of 07/07/2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Belarus | Article 38 of the Law No. 160-Z on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 16/12/2002 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Turkmenistan | Article 38 of the Patent Act No. 867-XII of 01/10/1993 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Belize | Article 38 of the Patent Act, Chapter 253, of 21/06/2000 | |
| Security exceptions | Luxembourg | Article 38 of the Patents Law of July 20, 1992, as amended by the Law of 24/05/1998 and Law of 8/07/1967 | |
| Research exception | Uruguay | Article 39 D) and E) of the Industrial Property Law No. 17.164 of 02/09/1999 Secci�n III Excepciones, alcance y agotamiento del derecho | |
| Regulatory review exception | Uruguay | Article 39 D) of the Industrial Property Law No. 17.164 of 02/09/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Albania | Article 39 of the Patents Act of 07/07/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Qatar | Article 4 (2) (a) of the Decree Law No. 30 of 2006 To Issue Patents Law | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Luxembourg | Article 4 (2) (c) and (3) of the Patent Act of 20/07/1992 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Malta | Article 4 (2) (c) and (3) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002, as amended by Acts IX of 2003 and XVIII of 2005 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Jordan | Article 4 (4), (6) and (7) of the Law on Patents of Invention No. 32 for the Year 1999(as last amended by Law No. 71 of 2001) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Mongolia | Article 4 (5) 1) and 6) of the Patent Law of 25/06/1993, as last amended in 1999 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Mongolia | Article 4 (5) 2) of the Patent Law of 25/06/1993, as last amended in 1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Mongolia | Article 4 (5) 6) of the Patent Law of 25/06/1993, as last amended in 1999 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | Article 4 (a) and (d) of the Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Registration Act of 29/10/2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Qatar | Article 4 (b) of the Patent Law no. 30 of 2006 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Qatar | Article 4 (b) of the Patent Law no. 30 of 2006 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Paraguay | Article 4 (d) of the Patents Law No. 1630 of 29/11/2000 as last amended by Law No. 2.593/2005 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Cambodia | Article 4 (v) and (vi) of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 22/01/2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Spain | Article 4 4) (c) and 5) of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No. 11 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 14/2011. | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Jordan | Article 4 6) and 7) of the Law on Patents of Invention No. 32 for the Year 1999(as last amended by Law No. 28 of 2007) | |
| Utility models | Republic of Moldova | Article 4 of the Law on the Protection of Invention No. 50-XVI of 07/03/2008 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Belgium | Article 4 of the Patent Law of 28/03/1984 (Consolidated version as of 01/01/2010) | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Uruguay | Article 40 of the Industrial Property Law No. 17.164 of 02/09/1999 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Lebanon | Article 40 of the Law No. 240/2000 of 2000 on Patents | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Guinea-Bissau | Article 41 of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 6/96 of 03/03/1996 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Bahrain | Article 41 of the Law No. 1 of 2004 on Patents and Utility Models as last amended by Law 14 of 2006 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Madagascar | Article 41 of the Ordinance No. 89-019 Establishing Arrangements for the Protection of Industrial Property of 31/07/1989 | |
| Security exceptions | Republic of Korea | Article 41 of the Patent Act No. 950 of 31/12/1961 as last amended by Act No. 11690 of 2013 | |
| Utility models | Croatia | Article 41 of the Patent Act No.173 of 2003, as amended by Acts no.87 of 2005 and no.76 of 2007 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | Article 42 of the Invention Law of 13/05/1998 as last amended by Decree No. 597 of 11/03/1999 | |
| Research exception | Lebanon | Article 42 of the Law No. 240 of 07/08/2000 | |
| Security exceptions | Morocco | Article 42 of the Law No. 97-17 on the Protection of Industrial Property of 15/02/2000 as last amended by Law No. 31-05 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Gambia (the) | Article 43 (1) and (3) of the Industrial Property Act of 1989 as last amended on 02/04/2007 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Brazil | Article 43 (VII) of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 as last amended by Law No. 10.196 of 14/02/2001 | |
| Research exception | Brazil | Article 43 II of the Patent Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 as last amended by Law No. 10.196 of 14/02/2001 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Brazil | Article 43 IV of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 as last amended by Law No. 10.196 of 14/02/2001 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Libya | Article 44 of the Law No. 8 of 1959 on Patents and Industrial Designs and Models | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Italy | Article 45 (2) (b) and (3) of the Industrial Property Code, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 15/02/2005 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Italy | Article 45 (2)(a) and (5) of the Code of the Industrial Property, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 15/02/2005 and Article 3 of the Decree-Law No. 3 of 2006 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Saudi Arabia | Article 45 (a) and (c) of the Law of Patents, Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, Plant Varieties, and Industrial Designs of 2004 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Saudi Arabia | Article 45 (c) of the Law of Patents, Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, Plant Varieties, and Industrial Designs of 16/07/2004 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Rwanda | Article 45 of the Law No. 31/2009 of 26/10/2009 on the protection of intellectual property | |
| Research exception | Nicaragua | Article 46 a) and b) of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Design No. 354 of 19/09/2000 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Tunisia | Article 47 (d) of the Patents Law No. 2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Tunisia | Article 47 (e) of the Patents Law No. 2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Research exception | Luxembourg | Article 47 b) of the Patent Law of 20/07/1992 | |
| Research exception | Tunisia | Article 47 b) of the Patents Law No. 2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Nicaragua | Article 47 of the Industrial Property Law No. 354 of 19/09/2000 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Luxembourg | Article 48 of the Patents Law of 20/07/1992 | |
| Security exceptions | Turkmenistan | Article 49 of the Law of Turkmenistan No. 220-III of October 23, 2008, on Inventions and Industrial Designs (as amended up to Law No. 14-IV of June 22, 2013) | |
| Security exceptions | Saudi Arabia | Article 49 of the implementing regulations of Law of Patents, Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, Plant Varieties, and Industrial Designs of 26/12/2004 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Greece | Article 5 (2) (a) and (8) (b) of the Law on "Technology transfer, inventions, and technological innovation" No. 1733/1987 (FEK 171, A' of 22/9/1987) as last amended by Law No. 2359 of 15/11/1995 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Cyprus | Article 5 (2) (a)) of the Patent Law N° 16(1) of 01/04/1998 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Albania | Article 5 (2) (c) and (3) of the Law on Industrial Property No. 9947 of 07/07/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Cyprus | Article 5 (2) (c) of the Patent Law of 01/04/1998, No. 16(1) (version of 2006 not available in English) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Montenegro | Article 5 (2) 4) and (3) of the Law on Patents of 22/10/2008 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Luxembourg | Article 5 (2) of the Patent Act of 20/07/1992 as last amended by Law of 24/05/1998 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Turkmenistan | Article 5 (3) and (4) of the Law of Turkmenistan No. 220-III of October 23, 2008, on Inventions and Industrial Designs (as amended up to Law No. 14-IV of June 22, 2013) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Slovakia | Article 5 (3) d) and (4) of the Act No. 435/2001 Coll. on Patents, Supplementary Protection Certificates as last amended by Act No. 202/ 2009 Coll. | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Albania | Article 5 (5) (a), (b) and (c) of the Law No. 9947 of 07/ 07/2008 "On Industrial Property" | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Greece | Article 5 (8) (b) of the Law on "Technology transfer, inventions, and technological innovation" No. 1733/1987 (FEK 171, A' of 22/9/1987) as last amended by Law No. 2359 of 15/11/1995 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Kyrgyzstan | Article 5 (9) 11) of the Patent Law No. 8 of 14/01/1998, as last amended by Law No. 8 of 25/01/2013 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Kyrgyzstan | Article 5 (9) 6) of the Patent Law No. 8 of 14/01/1998 as last amended by Law No. 8 of 25/01/2013 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Paraguay | Article 5 (b) of the Patents Law No. 1630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Spain | Article 5 2) and 3) of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No. 11 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Honduras | Article 5 6) of the Industrial Property Law, Decree Law No. 12-99-E of 30/12/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Italy | Article 5 of the Industrial Property Code, Legislative Decree No.30 of 10/02/2005 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Croatia | Article 5(6) 5) of the Patents Law No. 173/2003 as last amended by Act No. 76/2007 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Nicaragua | Article 50 of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 354 of 19/09/2000 as last amended by Law No. 634 of 13/09/2007 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Chile | Article 51 of the Industrial Property Law No. 19.039 of 24/01/1991 as last revised in 2005 | |
| Research exception | Spain | Article 52 (1) b) of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No.11/1986 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Spain | Article 52 (1) b) of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No.11/1986 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Portugal | Article 52 (1) d) of the Industrial Property Code, Decree-Law No. 36 of 05/03/2003 as last amended by Law No. 16 of 01/04/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | European Patent Office (EPO) | Article 52 (2) (c) and (3) of the European Patent Convention | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Spain | Article 52 (2) of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No.11/1986 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Georgia | Article 52 (a) of the Patent Law of 05/02/1999 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Uruguay | Article 52 of the Law No. 17.164 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 1.827*R of 02/09/1999 | |
| Security exceptions | Hungary | Article 53 (5) of the Act XXXIII of 1995 on the protection of inventions by patents (consolidated text of 15/03/2014) and Decree No. 141 of 2008 (V. 16.) on the Detailed Rules of the Procedure to Declare a Patent Application a State Secret (version 2011: text available only in Hungarian) | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Article 53 (5) of the Patent Act of 15/12/1994, (Text as it applies on 03/06/2009) | |
| Research exception | Andean Community | Article 53 (b) of the decision no. 486 of 14/09/2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Spain | Article 534 of the Criminal Code | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Equatorial Guinea | Article 534 of the Criminal Code of 03/04/1980 | |
| Research exception | Cuba | Article 54 no. 3 of the Decree Law No. 68 of 14/05/1983 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Andean Community | Article 54 of the Cartagena Agreement, Decision No. 486 of 14/09/2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community | |
| Substantive examination | Honduras | Article 54 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree Law No. 12-99-E of 30/12/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Morocco | Article 55 (d) of the Law No. 17-97 of 15/02/2000 concerning Protection of Industrial Property as implemented by the Decree No. 2-00-368 of 07/06/2004 | |
| Research exception | Morocco | Article 55 b) of the Industrial Property Law No. 17-97, 1997 as implemented by the Decree No. 2-00-368 of 07/06/2004 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Denmark | Article 57 of the Consolidated Patents Act, Act No. 108 of 24/01/2012 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Sweden | Article 57 of the Patents Act (1967:837) as last amended on 01/07/2011 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Iceland | Article 57 of the Patents Act No. 17/1991 as last amended by Act No. 126/2011 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Finland | Article 57 of the Patents Act, Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No. 101/2013 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Andean Community | Article 58 of the decision No. 486 of 14/09/2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community- Common Industrial Property Regime | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Viet Nam | Article 59 1) and 6) of the Law on Intellectual Property No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 as last amended by Order No. 12/2009/L-CTN of 29/06/2009 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Viet Nam | Article 59 2) of the Law on Intellectual Property No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 as last amended by Law No. 36/2009/QH12 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Viet Nam | Article 59 5) and 6) of the Law on Intellectual Property No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 as last amended by Order No. 12/2009/L-CTN of 29/06/2009 | |
| Security exceptions | Slovakia | Article 59 and 60 of the Act No. 435/2001 Coll. on Patents, Supplementary Protection Certificates and Amendment of Some Acts (The Patent Act) | |
| Regulatory review exception | Serbia | Article 59 no. 2 of the Patent Law No. 15 of 02/07/2004 | |
| Research exception | Serbia | Article 59 no.2 of the Patent Law No. 15 of 02/07/2004 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | United Arab Emirates | Article 59 of the Federal Law No (31) of 2006 pertaining to the Industrial Regulation and Protection of Patents, Industrial Drawings, and Designs | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | United Arab Emirates | Article 6 (1) (a) and (c) of the Federal Law No (31) of 2006 pertaining to the Industrial Regulation and Protection of Patents, Industrial Drawings, and Designs | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | United Arab Emirates | Article 6 (1) (a) of the Federal Law No (31) of 2006 pertaining to the Industrial Regulation and Protection of Patents, Industrial Drawings, and Designs | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Türkiye | Article 6 (1) (c) of the Decree-Law on the Protection of Patent Rights No. 551 of 27/06/1995 (version of 2009 available only in Turkish) | |
| Research exception | Barbados | Article 6 (1) of the Patents Act, 2001-18 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Republic of Moldova | Article 6 (2) (c) and (3) of the Law on the protection of Inventions No. 50-XVI of 07/03/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Bulgaria | Article 6 (2) 3) and (3) of the Patent Law No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended by Law No. 59/20 of July 2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Kazakhstan | Article 6 (2) Law on Patents of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 427-I of July 16, 1999 (as amended up to Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 34-V of July 10, 2012) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Ukraine | Article 6 (2) and (3) of the Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models No. 3687-XII of 15/12/1993 as last amended in 2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Kazakhstan | Article 6 (3) of the Law on Patents of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 427-I of July 16, 1999 (as amended up to Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 34-V of July 10, 2012) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Mongolia | Article 6 (3), 10 (2) and 26 (2) of the Patent Law of 25/06/1993, as last amended in 1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Article 6 (4) and (5) of the Patent Law of 28/05/2010 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Hungary | Article 6 (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9) of the Act XXXIII of 1995 on the protection of inventions by patents (Consolidated text of 01.03.2011) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Article 6 (6) and (7) of the Patent Law of 28/05/2010 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Tajikistan | Article 6 (6) of the Law on Inventions of 28/02/2004 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Nicaragua | Article 6 (a), (b) and (c) of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 354 of 19/09/2000 as last amended by Law No. 634 of 13/09/2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | African Intellectual Property Organization | Article 6 (b) and (c) of the Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977, as revised on 24/02/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Barbados | Article 6 (b) of the Patent Act No. 18 of 26/07/2001 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | African Intellectual Property Organization | Article 6 (g) of the Agreement Revising the Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977, on the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization (Bangui Agreement) as last revised in 1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Yemen | Article 6 4) of the Law No. 2 of 12/01/2011 on Patents, Utility Models, Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits and Undisclosed Information | |
| Security exceptions | Croatia | Article 6 of the Data Secrecy Act of 13/07/2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Uzbekistan | Article 6 of the Law on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 29/08/2002 (as amended by Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. ZRU-312 of December 26, 2011) | |
| Utility models | Kyrgyzstan | Article 6 of the Patent Law of 14/01/1998 # 8, as last amended on 27/02/2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Argentina | Article 6( c) of the Patents Act No. 24.481 of 1996 as amended by Law 25.859 of 2003 and Annex III of the Patentability Guidelines of INPI | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Türkiye | Article 6(1) (a) and (2) (b) of the Decree-Law No. 551 on the Protection of Patent Rights of 27/06/1995 as last amended by Law No. 4128 of 7/11/1995 | |
| Security exceptions | United Arab Emirates | Article 6(2) of the Federal Law No. 31 of 2006 Pertaining to the Industrial Regulation and Protection of Patents, Industrial Drawings, and Designs | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Kazakhstan | Article 6(3) of the Patent Law of 16/07/1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Argentina | Article 6(g) and 7(b) of the Law No. 24.481 of 23/05/1995 on Patents and Utility Models (as last amended by Law No. 25.859) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Türkiye | Article 6, § 3 (b) of the Decree-Law No. 551 on the Protection of Patent Rights of 27/06/1995 as last amended by Law No. 4128 of 7/11/1995 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Tajikistan | Article 6, § 8 of the Law on Inventions of 28/02/2004 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Serbia | Article 60 of the Patents Law No. 15 of 02/07/2004 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | Article 61 (1) of the Patent, Industrial Design and Trademark Registration Act of 29/10/2007 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Papua New Guinea | Article 61 of the Patents and Industrial Designs Act of 01/07/2000 | |
| Security exceptions | Sri Lanka | Article 62 (3) of the Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | United Arab Emirates | Article 62 of the Federal Law No. 31 for the Year 2006 Pertaining to the Industrial Regulation and Protection of Patents, Industrial Drawings, and Designs | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Belize | Article 63 (1), (7), (11) and (12) of the Patents Act - Cap. 253 of 21/06/2000 as last amended by the Act No. 40 of 2005 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | China | Article 63 A of the Patent Law (as amended up to the Decision of December 27, 2008) | |
| Research exception | Croatia | Article 63 no. 2 of the Patent Act No. 173 of 2003, as amended by Acts No. 87/2005 and No. 76/2007 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Croatia | Article 63 no.2 of the Patent Act No. 173 of 2003, as amended by Acts No. 87/2005 and No. 76/2007 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Mozambique | Article 68 (b) of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 4 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Research exception | Mozambique | Article 68 no. 1 of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 4 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Italy | Article 68 of the Industrial Property Code, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 10/02/2005 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Angola | Article 68 of the Law No. 3/92 on Industrial Property of 28/02/1992 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | China | Article 69 (1) of the Patent Law of 12/03/1984 as last amended on 27/12/2008 | |
| Research exception | Poland | Article 69 (1), (iii) of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000 as last amended by Act of 29/06/2007 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Poland | Article 69 (1), (iv) and (5) of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000 as amended by Act of 23/01/2004 and Act of 29/06/2007 | |
| Research exception | China | Article 69 (4) of the Patent Law of 12/03/1984 as last amended on 27/12/2008 | |
| Regulatory review exception | China | Article 69 (5) of the Patent Act of 12/03/1984 as last amended on 27/12/2008 | |
| Research exception | Japan | Article 69 no. 1 of the Patent Act Act No. 121 of 1959 as last amended by Act No. 109 of 2006 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Montenegro | Article 7 (1) 3) and (2) of the Patent Law of 31/10/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Azerbaijan | Article 7 (8) of the Law on Patents N 312-IQ as amended in 2009 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Azerbaijan | Article 7 (8) of the Law on Patents N 312-IQ as amended in 2009 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Indonesia | Article 7 (d) of the Law on Patents No. 14 of 01/08/2001 and Section 4 (1) and (2) (b) and (c) of the European Communities (Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions) Regulations of 2000 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Algeria | Article 7 6) of the Ordinance No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Security exceptions | Armenia | Article 7 of the Law on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 10/06/2008 | |
| Utility models | Uzbekistan | Article 7 of the Law on Inventions, Utility models and Industrial designs of 06/05/1994 | |
| Security exceptions | Georgia | Article 7 of the Law on Patents of 05/02/1999 as last amended in 2010 and Article 2 of the Law on State Secrets of 29/10/1996 as last amended in 1999 | |
| Utility models | Kazakhstan | Article 7 of the Patent Law No. 427 of 16/07/1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Israel | Article 7 of the Patents Law No. 5727 of 08/08/1967 as last amended by Law No. 5760-1999 | |
| Security exceptions | Viet Nam | Article 7(3) of the Law No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005, on Intellectual Property as last amended by Law No. 36/2009/QH12 of 19/06/2009 and Articles 23a to 23c of the Government's Decree No. 103/2006/ND-CP of 22/09/2006, detailing and guiding a Number of Articles of the Law on Intellectual Property regarding Industrial Property as last amended by Decree No. 122/2010/ND-CP | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Indonesia | Article 7(d) of the Law on Patents No. 14 of 01/08/2001 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Serbia | Article 7, paragraph (5) 4) and (6), of the Law on Patents of 27/12/2011 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Poland | Article 70 of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000, as amended by Act of 23/01/2004 and Act of 29/06/2007 | |
| Security exceptions | Iceland | Article 70 of the Patents Act No. 17/1991, as last amended by Act No. 126/2011 | |
| Research exception | Türkiye | Article 75 b) of the Patent Act No.551 of 27/06/1995 | |
| Security exceptions | Brazil | Article 75 of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996, as last amended by Law No. 10.196 of 14/02/2001 and Article 1 to 3 of the Decree No. 2.553 of 16/04/1998 (Implementation of Articles 75, 88 to 93 of Law No. 9.279 of May 14, 1996 on Industrial Property | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Article 79 of the Patents Act of 15/12/1994 (Text as it applies on: 03/06/2009) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Romania | Article 8 (1) (c) and (2) of the Patent Law no. 64 of 1991 as republished in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No. 456/18.VI.2008 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | African Intellectual Property Organization | Article 8 (1) a) of annex I patents, title I of the revised Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977 (as on 24/02/1999) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Jordan | Article 8 (1) and (2) of the Law on Patents of Invention No. 32 for the Year 1999(as last amended by Law No. 71 of 2001) | |
| Research exception | African Intellectual Property Organization | Article 8 (1) c) of the Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977 (Annex I), as last amended in February 1999 | |
| Substantive examination | Greece | Article 8 (1)-(10) of the Law on "Technology transfer, inventions, and technological innovation" No. 1733/1987 (FEK 171, A' of 22/9/1987) as last amended by Law No. 2359 of 15/11/1995 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Namibia | Article 8 (a) and (c) of the Industrial Property Act of 1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Rwanda | Article 8 6) and 7) of the Law No. 31/2009 of 26/10/2009 on the protection of intellectual property | |
| Security exceptions | Kyrgyzstan | Article 8 of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Secret Inventions (as amended by Law No. 38 of March 22, 2007) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Algeria | Article 8(1) of the Ordinance No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Belgium | Article 8, § 1 (2) and § 2 (2) of the Law on the Punishment of Counterfeiting and Piracy of Intellectual Property Rights of 05/05/2007 as last amended on 25/02/2011 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Romania | Article 80 (1) a) of the Patent Law No. 64 of 1991 as republished in the Official Gazette of Romania No. 456/18.VI.2008 | |
| Research exception | Romania | Article 80 (1) c)of the Patent Law No. 64/1991 as republished in the Official Gazette of Romania No. 456/18.VI.2008 | |
| Research exception | Switzerland | Article 9 (1) b) of the Patent Law of 25/06/1954 (as on 01/07/2009) | |
| Regulatory review exception | Switzerland | Article 9 (1) c. of the Patent Law of 25/06/1954 (as on 01/07/2009) | |
| Substantive examination | Oman | Article 9 of the Law on Industrial Property Rights (Royal decree No. 67/2008) | |
| Security exceptions | Madagascar | Article 9 of the Ordinance No. 89-019 Establishing Arrangements for the Protection of Industrial Property of 31/07/1989 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Guatemala | Article 91 (c) of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57-2000 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Regulatory review exception | North Macedonia | Article 91 2) of the Law on Industrial Property adopted on 12/02/2009 | |
| Research exception | Republic of Korea | Article 96 (1) (i) of the Patent Act No. 950 of 1959 (as last amended on 30/01/2009 by Act No. 9381) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Croatia | Article 97 of the Patents Act of 15/10/2003 as last amended by OG No. 76/2013 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | Article 98 of the Industrial Property Law of 02/09/1955 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Switzerland | Article 9a of the Patent Law of 25 June 1954 (as on 01/07/ 2009) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | France | Article L 611-19 of the Intellectual Property Code of 01/07/1994, updated version of 2010 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | France | Article L611-10 (2) (c) and (3) of the Intellectual Property Code, Law No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 (as last amended on 13/08/2013) | |
| Utility models | France | Article L611-2 of the Intellectual Property Code, Law No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 as last amended by Law No. 2007-1544 | |
| Regulatory review exception | France | Article L613-5 (d) of the Intellectual Property Code, Law No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 as last amended by Law No. 2007-1540 | |
| Research exception | France | Article L613-5 b) of the Intellectual Property Code, Law No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 as last amended by Law No. 2007-1544 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Armenia | Article10 (c) of the Patent Law of 10/06/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Brazil | Article10 V of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 as last amended by Law No. 10.196 of 14/02/2001 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Slovenia | Article19 (b) of the Industrial Property Act of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Cuba | Article21.3 (i) of the Decree-Law No. 290 of 20/11/2011 on Inventions and Industrial Designs and Models | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Iceland | Articles 1 (2.1), (5) and (6) and 1a of the Patents Act No. 17/1991 as last amended by Law no. 167/2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Sweden | Articles 1 1), 1a (2) and (3), and 1b of the Patents Act No. 837 of 01/12/1967 as last amended by Law No. 161 of 01/04/2004 | |
| Utility models | Mozambique | Articles 1 d), 89-91 of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 18/99 of 04/05/1999, as last amended by Law No. 04 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Hungary | Articles 1(2) (a) and 5a of the of the Act XXXIII of 1995 on the protection of inventions by patents (Consolidated text of 01.04.2010) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Articles 1, 2a (2) (c) and (d), and 3 (1) (c) and (d) of the Patents Act of 15/12/1995(Text as it applies on 03/06/2009) | |
| Utility models | Romania | Articles 1, 3 and 4 of the Utility Models, Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No. 851/12 December 2007 | |
| Utility models | United Arab Emirates | Articles 1, 4, 5 and 6 of the Patent Law No. 44 of 12/10/1992-1413 | |
| Utility models | Ukraine | Articles 1, 6 (1-4) and 7 (2-6 and 8) of the Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models No.7 of 1994 | |
| Utility models | African Intellectual Property Organization | Articles 1-4 of Annex II Utility Models, Title I, of the revised Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977 (as on 24/02/1999) | |
| Utility models | Hungary | Articles 1-4 of the Act on the Protection of Utility models No. XXXVIII of 1991 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Japan | Articles 101, 196 and 196-2 of the Patent Act, Act No. 121 of 1959 as amended up to Act No. 63 of 2011) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Uruguay | Articles 106 and 107 of the Law No. 17.164 of 02/09/1999 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Portugal | Articles 106-110 of the Industrial Property Code, Decree-Law No. 36 of 05/03/2003 as last amended by Law No. 16 of 01/04/2008 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Guatemala | Articles 108, 109, 118 and 139 (a) of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57-2000 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | Viet Nam | Articles 109, 113 and 114 of the Law on Intellectual Property No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 as last amended by Order No. 12/2009/L-CTN of 29/06/2009 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Lithuania | Articles 11 §1 2), 13, 19, and 45 2) of the Patent Law No. I-372 of 18/01/1994 as last amended by Law No. X-1119 of 10/05/2007 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Namibia | Articles 11(3), 14, 15 (6) and 20 (2) of the Industrial Property Act of 1999 | |
| Substantive examination | Guatemala | Articles 113, 117 and 118 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57-2000 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Security exceptions | Spain | Articles 119 to 122 of the Law No. 11/1986 of 20/03/1986 on Patents, as last amended by Law No. 14/2011 of 01/06/2011 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | San Marino | Articles 12 (1), 17, 23 (5) and 35 (1) (b) of the Law on Industrial Property No. 79 of 25/05/2005 | |
| Substantive examination | Saudi Arabia | Articles 12 and 13 of the Law of Patents, Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, Plant Varieties, and Industrial Designs of 2004 and Articles 34, 35 and 36 of the Regulations thereto | |
| Substantive examination | Lebanon | Articles 12 and 16 of the Patent Law No. 240 of 14/08/2000 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Andorra | Articles 12 and 20(1), (2) and (3) of the Patent Law of 10/06/1999 | |
| Utility models | El Salvador | Articles 120-122 of the Intellectual Property Law, legislative decree No. 604 of 15/07/1993 as last amended by Law No. No. 912 of 14/12/2005 | |
| Security exceptions | Türkiye | Articles 125 to 128 of the Decree Law No.551 pertaining to the protection of patent rights of 24/06/1995 as last amended by the Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 2009/19 of 5/02/2009 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Slovenia | Articles 125-126 of the Industrial Property Act of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Malta | Articles 13 (1) (b), 15 and 44 (1) (b) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002 as last amended by Act XVIII of 2005 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Egypt | Articles 13 and 14 of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights No. 82 of 03/06/2002 | |
| Substantive examination | Jordan | Articles 13 and 16 of the Law on Patents of Invention No. 32 for the Year 1999(as last amended by Law No. 71 of 2001) | |
| Utility models | Georgia | Articles 13 and 16 of the Patent Law of 05/02/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Egypt | Articles 13, 22 (2), (5) and (6) and 34 (1) (c) and (e) of the Industrial Property Law No. 20-00 of 08/05/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Greece | Articles 13- 14 of the Law on "Technology transfer, Inventions and Technological innovation" No. 1733 of 1987 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Indonesia | Articles 130 to 135 of the Patents Law No. 14 of 01/08/2001 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Guatemala | Articles 132 and 133 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57-2000 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Viet Nam | Articles 132, 133, 136, 137 and 145-146 of the Law on Intellectual Property No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | El Salvador | Articles 133 and 134 of the Intellectual Property Legislative Decree No. 604 of 15/07/1993, as last amended by the Intellectual Property Legislative Decree Amendment No. 912 of 14/12/2005 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Cambodia | Articles 133 and 134 of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 22/01/2003 | |
| Utility models | Serbia | Articles 134-135 of the Patent Law No. 15 of 02/07/2004 | |
| Security exceptions | Russian Federation | Articles 1349 (1), (2) and (3), 1390 (5), 1395 (1) and 1401 to 1405 of the Civil Code, Chapter 72 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Russian Federation | Articles 1360 and 1362 of the Patent Act (Chapter 72) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | El Salvador | Articles 138, 153 and 163 (1) (b) of the Intellectual Property Legislative Decree No. 604 of 15/07/1993 No. 604 as last amended by Legislative Decree No. 912 of 14/12/2005 | |
| Substantive examination | Russian Federation | Articles 1384- 1386 of the Patent Act (Chapter 72) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | African Intellectual Property Organization | Articles 14 (1) (d) (i) and (2), 24 (4) and (5) and 39 (1) (c), Annex I, of the Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977, as revised on 24/02/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Mauritius | Articles 14 (2) (b) and (3), 17, 19 (1), 20 (2) and 25 (1) and (2) of the Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Act No. 25 of 2002 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Romania | Articles 14 (c), 18, 28 (c) and 52 (b) of the Patent Law No. 64/1991 as republished in the OJ, Part I, No. 638/18.IX.2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Panama | Articles 14 2) and 15 1), 3) and 4) of the Law No. 35 of 10/05/1996 Enacting Provisions on Industrial Property | |
| Security exceptions | Italy | Articles 141, 142 and 143 of the Industrial Property Code of 2005 | |
| Utility models | Guatemala | Articles 142-144 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Utility models | Spain | Articles 143-146 of the Law on Patents and Utility Models No. 11/1986 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Belgium | Articles 15 (1) 2), 4) and 6), 17 (1), 20 (1), 22 (3) and 49 (1) 2) of the Patent Law of 28/03/1984 (Consolidated version as of 01/01/2010) | |
| Substantive examination | Namibia | Articles 15 (5), (6) and (7) and 16 of the Industrial Property Act of 1999 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Andean Community | Articles 15 (a) and (b) and 20 (c) of the Decision No. 486 of 14/09/2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community - Common Industrial Property Regime | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Cyprus | Articles 15 and 58 (1) (ii) of the Patent Law No. 16(1) of 01/04/1998 | |
| Substantive examination | Iceland | Articles 15, 16 and 19 of the Patents Act No. 17/1991 as last amended by Law no. 167/2007 and Articles 26-28 of Regulations thereto | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Paraguay | Articles 15, 16, 25 (3), 26 and 38 (c) of the Patents Law No. 1630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | El Salvador | Articles 151-153 of the Intellectual Property Legislative Decree No. 604 of 15/07/1993 No. 604 as last amended by Legislative Decree No. 912 of 14/12/2005 | |
| Utility models | Türkiye | Articles 154 -156 of the Patent Act No. 551 of 27/06/1995 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Mexico | Articles 16 (I), (II) and (IV) and 19 (II) of the Industrial Property Law of 25/06/1991as last amended on 06/12/2005 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Panama | Articles 164 1), 2), 3) and 4) and 165 of the Law No. 35 of May 10, 1996, on Industrial Property as last amended by Law N° 61 of 05/10/2012 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Belize | Articles 17 (1) (b) and (4), 23 and 27 of the Patents Act (Ch. 253), No. 14 of 21/06/2000 | |
| Security exceptions | Egypt | Articles 17 and 25 of the Law No. 82 of 2002 Pertaining to the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Patents of Invention, Utility Models, Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits and Undisclosed Information | |
| Substantive examination | African Intellectual Property Organization | Articles 18 and 20, Annex I; of the Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977, as revised on 24/02/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Kyrgyzstan | Articles 18 § 2 2), 3), 4) and 5) and 22 §1 of the Patent Law No. 8 of 14/01/1998, as last amended by Law No. 46 of 27/02/2003 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Cambodia | Articles 18, 30, 31, 32, 36, 38 and 66 of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 22/01/2003 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Costa Rica | Articles 18-20 of the Law on Patents, Industrial Designs and Utility Models No. 6867 of 25/04/1983 as last amended on 12/10/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | Belarus | Articles 18-21 of the Law No. 160-Z on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 16/12/2002 as last amended on 24/12/2007 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Brazil | Articles 183 to 186 of the of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996, as last amended by Law No. 10.196 of 14/02/2001 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Luxembourg | Articles 19 (1) (b), 22, 39 (2) and (5) and 73 (1) (b) of the Patent Act of 20/07/1992 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Brazil | Articles 19 (II), 24, 34 (I) and 50 (2) of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 (as last amended by Law No.10.196, of 14/02/2001) and Article 31 of the Provisional Act No. 2,186-1 16 of 23/08/2001 | |
| Substantive examination | Sweden | Articles 19 and 20 of the Patents Act No. 837 of 01/12/1967 as last amended by Law No. 161 of 01/04/2004 | |
| Substantive examination | Dominican Republic | Articles 19 and 22 of the Industrial Property Law No. 20-00 of 08/05/2000 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Albania | Articles 19, 28 and 73(1) (b) of the Industrial Property Law Nr. 9977 of 07/07/2008 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Switzerland | Articles 1a, 1b and 2 (2) (b) of the Federal Patents Law of 25/06/1954 as last amended on 01/07 2009 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Slovenia | Articles 2 (1) (b), (2) and (3) and 4 of the Decree on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions of 2003 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Tunisia | Articles 2 (2) (b) and (f) and 3 of the Patents Law No.2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Articles 2 (2)(a), 2a and 3 (1) (b) and (d) of the Patents Act of 15/12/1995(Text as it applies on 03/06/2009) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Belgium | Articles 2, 3 (1) 1) and 4 (4) of the Patent Law of 28/03/1984 (Consolidated version as of 01/01/2010) | |
| Utility models | Republic of Korea | Articles 2-5 of the Utility Model Act Promulgated on 31/12/1961 by Act No. 952 ( Last amended by Act No. 9371 of 30/01/2009) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Croatia | Articles 20 (4), (5) and (6), 34 (1) 1), (2) and (4) and 79 4) of the Patent Act No. 173/2003 of 31/10/ 2003as last amended by Law OG No 76/2008 of 23/07/2007 | |
| Substantive examination | Brazil | Articles 20 and 30-37 of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 (as last amended by Law No.10.196, of 14/02/2001) | |
| Substantive examination | Uzbekistan | Articles 20, 21 and 23 of the Law on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 29/08/2002 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Argentina | Articles 20, 27 (1 and 2) and 59 of the Law No. 24.481 of 23/05/1995 on Patents and Utility Models (as last amended by Law No. 24.572) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Burundi | Articles 20-23, 35 and 175 of the Law No. 1/13 of 28/07/2009 on Industrial Property | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Djibouti | Articles 200 to 204 of the Law No. 50/AN/09/6th L on the Protection of Industrial Property of 21/06/2009 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Guatemala | Articles 206 to 208 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57-2000 of 18/09/2000 and Article 275 (k) of the Criminal Code | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Spain | Articles 21 (1) (b), 25, 35 and 112 (1) (b) of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No. 11 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Nicaragua | Articles 21 (1), 22, 23, 35 and 57 (c) of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 354 of 19/09/2000 as last amended by Law No. 634 of 13/09/2007 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Greece | Articles 21 and 22 of the Law on "Technology transfer, inventions, and technological innovation" No. 1733/1987 (FEK 171, A' of 22/9/1987) as last amended by Law No. 2359 of 15/11/1995 | |
| Substantive examination | Cyprus | Articles 21 and 22 of the Patent Law N° 16(1) of 01/04/1998 | |
| Substantive examination | Belgium | Articles 21 and 22 of the Patent Law of 28/03/1984 (Consolidated version as of 01/01/2010) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Tunisia | Articles 21, 24 (3), 29 (1) and (2) and 55 of the Patents Law No.2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Mexico | Articles 213 XI, XII, XII and XIV and 223 I of the Industrial property Law as last amended on 09/04/2012 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Morocco | Articles 213 to 217 of the Law No. 97-17 on the Protection of Industrial Property of 15/02/2000 as last amended by Law No. 31-05 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Uruguay | Articles 22 (d), 25, 32 (a) and 44 (b) of the Law No. 17.164 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 1.827*R of 02/09/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Algeria | Articles 22, 30 and 53 2) of the Ordinance No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Substantive examination | Paraguay | Articles 22- 26 of the Patents Law No. 1630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Jordan | Articles 22-26 of the Law on Patents No. 32 of 1999, as last amended by Law No. 71 of 2001 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Republic of Korea | Articles 225, 230, 231 and 232 of the Patent Act (Act No. 950 of 31/12/1961, as last amended by Act No. No. 11654 of 22/03/2013 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Rwanda | Articles 23 2), 25, 31, 33 (3), 34 (1) and 36 (2) of the Law No. 31/2009 of 26/10/2009 on the protection of intellectual property | |
| Substantive examination | Malta | Articles 23 and 24 (1) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002 as last amended by Act XVIII of 2005 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Egypt | Articles 23 and 24 of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights No. 82 of 2002 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Haiti | Articles 23 to 26 of the Law on Patents of Inventions and Industrial Designs of 14/12/1922 as last amended in 1924 | |
| Substantive examination | Kyrgyzstan | Articles 23, 23-1, 23-2 and 24 of the Patent Law No. 8 of 14/01/1998, as last amended by Law No. 46 of 27/02/2003 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Libya | Articles 23, 28, 29 and 30 of the Law on Patents and Industrial Designs and Models No. 8 of 1959 | |
| Substantive examination | Uruguay | Articles 23, 31 and 32 of the Law No. 17.164 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 1.827*R of 02/09/1999 | |
| Utility models | Honduras | Articles 23-26 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree Law No. 12-99-E of 30/12/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Articles 24 (1) (e) and (4), 25 (1), (2) and (3), 35 and 75 (1) (b) of the Patents Act of 15/12/1995(Text as it applies on 03/06/2009) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Indonesia | Articles 24 (2) (i), 52(1), 53, 56 and 91 (1) (a) of the Law on Patents No. 14 of 01/08/2001 | |
| Substantive examination | Argentina | Articles 24 and 27 of the Law No. 24.481 of 23/05/1995 on Patents and Utility Models (as last amended by Law No. 24.572) | |
| Security exceptions | Bulgaria | Articles 24, 25 and 45a of the Law on Patents and Utility Model Registration No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended on 20/07/2007 (version of 2010 available only in Bulgarian) and Regulation on the Secret Patents of 20/12/2008 (available only in Bulgarian) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Saudi Arabia | Articles 24- 26 of the Law of Patents, Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, Plant Varieties, and Industrial Designs of 2004 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | United Arab Emirates | Articles 24-25 and 30 of the Law No. 17 of 2002 pertaining to the Industrial Regulation and Protection of Patents, Industrial Drawings, and Designs | |
| Substantive examination | Madagascar | Articles 24-26 (1) of the Industrial Property Law, Ordinance No. 89 019 of 31/07/1989 | |
| Substantive examination | Romania | Articles 24-27 of the Patent Law No. 64/1991 as republished in the OJ, Part I, No. 638/18.IX.2007 | |
| Utility models | Panama | Articles 24-28 of the Law No. 35 of 10/05/1996, enacting Provisions on Industrial Property | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | North Macedonia | Articles 25 (2), (3) 1) and 5), (5) and 26 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 07-1006/1 of 12/02/2009 | |
| Security exceptions | Azerbaijan | Articles 25 and 30 of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Patents of 2009 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Morocco | Articles 25, 31, 38-39, 60, 62, 66-67 and 75 of the Law No. 17-97 of 15/02/2000 concerning Protection of Industrial Property as implemented by the Decree No. 2-00-368 of 07/06/2004 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Serbia | Articles 25, 43 (1) 4), 45 and 87 (1) 4) of the Patent Law of 10/07/2004 | |
| Utility models | Costa Rica | Articles 25-26 and 31 of the Patent Law No.6867 of 25/04/1983, as last amended in 2000 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Switzerland | Articles 26 (1) (b), 49 (2) (b) and (d), 49a, 50 and 50a of the Federal Patents Law of 25/06/1954 as last amended on 01/07 2009 and Article 67 of the Regulations thereto | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Djibouti | Articles 26 (a) and (c) and 27(a) of the Protection of Industrial Property Law No.50/AN/09/6th L of 21/06/2009 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Andean Community | Articles 26 (b), (h) and (j), 28, 29, 46 and 75 (d) of the Decision No. 486 of 14/09/2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community - Common Industrial Property Regime | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Djibouti | Articles 26 (d) and 27 (a) of the Protection of Industrial Property Law No.50/AN/09/6th L of 21/06/2009 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | China | Articles 26 and 36 of the Patent Law of 27/12/2008 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Rwanda | Articles 261 to 263 of the Law No. 31/2009 of 26/10/2009 on the Protection of Intellectual Property | |
| Security exceptions | Brunei Darussalam | Articles 27 (3), 32 and 33 of the Patents Order of 12/10/2011 | |
| Security exceptions | Kenya | Articles 27 and 28 of the Industrial Property Act of 27/07/2001 | |
| Utility models | Mexico | Articles 27-28 and 30 of the Industrial Property Law of 25/06/1991 (Consolidation of 2005) | |
| Substantive examination | Algeria | Articles 27-31 of the Ordinance No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | North Macedonia | Articles 272 and 273 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 07-1006/1 of 12/02/2009 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Poland | Articles 28 (i), 29(1) (ii) and (2) and 931- 933 of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000, as last amended by Act of 29/06/2007 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | European Union | Articles 28 and 30 of the Treaty of Rome and Article 28 of the Convention for the European Patent | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Republic of Moldova | Articles 28-29 of the Law on the Protection of Inventions No.50-XVI of 07/03/2008 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Poland | Articles 29 (1) (ii) and (2), 75¹, 93 1 (iii) and 93 2 (iii) of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000, as last amended by Act of 29/06/2007 | |
| Substantive examination | Ireland | Articles 29, 30, 31, 34 and 35 of the Patent Act No. 1 of 1992 as last amended by Act No. 31 of 2006 | |
| Substantive examination | Croatia | Articles 29, 36 and 37 of the Patent Act No. 173/2003 of 31/10/ 2003 as last amended by Law OG No 76/2008 of 23/07/2007 | |
| Substantive examination | Tunisia | Articles 29-31 of the Patents Law No.2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Lebanon | Articles 3 (1) of the Patent Law No. 240 of 14/08/2000 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Slovakia | Articles 3 (b), (c) and (d), 5 (2) (b) and (c), and 6 (1) (a) and (b) of the Patent Act No. 435/2001 as last amended by Act No. 202/ 2009 Coll. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Kazakhstan | Articles 3 and 199 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 03/07/2014 ? 226-V ??? | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | North Macedonia | Articles 3 and 26, §1, of the Law on Industrial Property No. 07-1006/1 of 12/02/2009 | |
| Utility models | Nicaragua | Articles 3, 62-65 of the Law No. 354 on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 19/09/2000 | |
| Utility models | Japan | Articles 3-4 of the Utility Model Act No. 123 of 1959 as last amended by Act No. 55 of 2006 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | European Union | Articles 3-6 of the Directive 98/44/EC of 06/07/1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Panama | Articles 30, 31 and 50 of the Law No. 35 of 10/05/1996 Enacting Provisions on Industrial Property and Article 23 (f) of the Executive Decree No. 257 of 17/10/2006 | |
| Substantive examination | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Articles 30, 32, 34 and 35 of the Patents Act of 15712/1995 (text as it applies on 03/09/2009) | |
| Substantive examination | Nicaragua | Articles 30, 34 and 35 of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 354 of 19/09/2000 as last amended by Law No. 634 of 13/09/2007 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Hungary | Articles 31, 32,33A of the Law on the Protection of Inventions by Patents No. XXXIII of 1995 (Consolidated text of 01/10/2009) | |
| Substantive examination | Spain | Articles 31-34 and 39 of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No. 11 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Belgium | Articles 31-38 of the Patent Law of 28/03/1984 (Official Consolidation of 01/01/2010) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Ecuador | Articles 319 (a) and (b), 327, 328 and 329 of the Intellectual Property Law (Consolidation No. 2006-13) | |
| Substantive examination | Indonesia | Articles 32 and 48-53 of the Law on Patents No. 14 of 01/08/2001 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Bulgaria | Articles 32, 32a, 66 and 74c of the Patent Law No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended by Law No. 59/20 of July 2007 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Djibouti | Articles 32, 34, 35, 41 (g) and 84 (b) of the Protection of Industrial Property Law No.50/AN/09/6th L of 21/06/2009 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Lebanon | Articles 32-39 of the Patents Law No. 240 of 07/08/2000 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Portugal | Articles 321 and 341 of the Industrial Property Code (consolidated as of 2008) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Republic of Moldova | Articles 33 (1) (b) and (d) and (4), 36, 48 (2) (a), (3) and (4), 57 (2) (b) and 64 (1) (b) of the Law on the protection of Inventions No. 50-XVI of 07/03/ 2008 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Poland | Articles 33 (1) and 93.6 of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000, as last amended by Act of 29/06/2007 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Belarus | Articles 33 and 201 of the Penal Code of the Republic of Belarus No. 275-Z of 9 July, 1999 (as amended up to July 12, 2013) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Morocco | Articles 34 and 85 (1) (b) of the Law No. 17-97 concerning Protection of Industrial Property as implemented by Law No. 31-05 of 02/03/2006 | |
| Substantive examination | China | Articles 34-36 of the Patent Law of 27/12/2008 | |
| Substantive examination | Luxembourg | Articles 35, 36, 39 and 41 of the Patent Act of 20/07/1992 | |
| Substantive examination | Cambodia | Articles 35-37 of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 22/01/2003 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Japan | Articles 36 (2), (3) and (4), 49 (iv) and (v), 123 and 134-2 (1) (iv) of the Patent Act No. 121 of 1959 as last amended by Act No. 109 of 2006(Effective September 30, 2007) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Switzerland | Articles 36-40e of the Federal Patents Law of 25/06/1954 as on 01/07/2009 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Slovakia | Articles 37 (4) and (5) (b), 38, 40 (4) and 46 (1) (b) of the Patent Act No. 435/2001as last amended by Act No. 202/ 2009 Coll. | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | African Intellectual Property Organization | Articles 37 and 38 of the Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977, as revised on 24/02/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Bulgaria | Articles 37 and 46a of the Law on Patents and Utility Model Registration No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended on 20/07/2007 | |
| Security exceptions | Lebanon | Articles 38 and 39 of the Law No. 240/2000 of 2000 on Patents | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Algeria | Articles 38 and 47-49 of the Ordinance No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 - 1424 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Lithuania | Articles 38-39 of the Patent Law No. I-372 of 18/01/1994 as last amended by Law No. X-1119 of 10/05/2007 | |
| Security exceptions | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Articles 39 to 46 of the Law No. 82-001 of 07/01/1982 on Industrial Property | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Honduras | Articles 39, 50 and 57 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree Law No. 12-99-E of 30/12/1999 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Malta | Articles 39-40 of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002, as amended by Acts IX of 2003 and XVIII of 2005 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Dominican Republic | Articles 39-42 and 44-48 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 20-00 of 18/04/2000 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Malta | Articles 4 (1), (2) (a) and (5) (b), (f) and (g) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002 as last amended by Act XVIII of 2005 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Luxembourg | Articles 4 (2) (a) and 5 (2) of the Patent Act of 20/07/1992 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Spain | Articles 4 (2), (3), (4) (a) and 5 (3) and (4) of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No. 11 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Kazakhstan | Articles 4 (4-5) and Section 14 (6) of the Patent Law No. 427 of 16/07/1999 | |
| Transition periods | Cambodia | Articles 4 (iv) and 136 of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 22/01/2003 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Paraguay | Articles 4 and 5 of the Patents Law No. 1630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Cambodia | Articles 4(i) and (v) of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 22/01/2003 | |
| Security exceptions | Tajikistan | Articles 4, 5, 8 and 10 of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Secret Inventions of 21/07/2010 | |
| Utility models | Slovakia | Articles 4-9 of the Act No. 517/2007 Coll. on Utility Models | |
| Security exceptions | Romania | Articles 40 and 41 of the Patent Law No. 64/1991 as republished on Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, no. 541/ 8 august 2007 and Article 7 (3) to (20) of the Implementing Regulations of the Patent Law No. 64/1991 of 21/05/2008 | |
| Security exceptions | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Articles 40 to 46 of the Patents Act of 15/12/1994 (Text as it applies on: 03/06/2009) | |
| Substantive examination | Panama | Articles 40, 45-49 and 52 of the Law No. 35 of 10/05/1996 Enacting Provisions on Industrial Property | |
| Substantive examination | Slovakia | Articles 40- 44 of the Patent Act No. 435/2001as last amended by Act No. 202/ 2009 Coll. | |
| Substantive examination | Burundi | Articles 40-43 of the Law No. 1/13 of 28/07/2009 on Industrial Property | |
| Substantive examination | Serbia | Articles 40-45 of the Patent Law of 10/07/2004 | |
| Substantive examination | Morocco | Articles 41 and 47 of the Law No. 17-97 concerning Protection of Industrial Property as implemented by Law No. 31-05 of 02/03/2006 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Türkiye | Articles 42 (1) (b), 46, and 129 (b) of the Decree-Law No. 551 on the Protection of Patent Rights of 27/06/1995 as last amended by Law No. 4128 of 7/11/1995 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Hungary | Articles 42 (1) (b), 60, 63 and of the Act XXXIII of 1995 on the protection of inventions by patents (Consolidated text of 01.04.2010) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Republic of Korea | Articles 42 (2) (iii), (3), (5) and (7), 62 (iv) and 133 (1) (i) of the Patent Act No. 950 on 28/11/1949, as last amended by Act No. 9381 of 30/01/2009 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Paraguay | Articles 42- 46 of the Patents Law No. 1.630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Argentina | Articles 42- 47 of the Patents Act No. 24.481 of 1996 as amended by Law 24.572 T.O. 1996 - B.O. 22/3/96 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | North Macedonia | Articles 43 (1) 2), 4) and 5), 45, 56 (1) 4) and 57 (1) and (3) of the Industrial Property Law of 12/01/2009 | |
| Transition periods | Egypt | Articles 43 and 44 of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights No 82 of 03/06/2002 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Chile | Articles 43, 43bis and 46 of the Industrial Property Law No. 19.039 of 24/01/1991 (consolidated version of 2005 as last amended on 2007) and Article 39 of the Regulations thereto | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Monaco | Articles 44 to 48 of the Patents Law No. 606 of 20/06/1955 | |
| Substantive examination | Poland | Articles 44-47 of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000, as last amended by Act of 29/06/2007 and Articles 34 and 35 of the Regulations thereto | |
| Substantive examination | Andean Community | Articles 44-48 of the Decision No. 486 of 14/09/2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community - Common Industrial Property Regime | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Italy | Articles 45 (4) (b), (5) and (5 bis), 81 ter (1) (b) and (2) and 81 quarter (1) (e) of the Code of the Industrial Property, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 15/02/2005 as last amended by Legislative Decree No. 131 of 13/08/2010 | |
| Substantive examination | Chile | Articles 45- 47 of the Industrial Property Law No. 19.039 of 24/01/1991 (consolidated version of 2005 as last amended on 2007) and Articles 17, 82 and 83 of the Regulations thereto | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Iceland | Articles 45-49 of the Patent Act No. 17 of 1991 as last amended by Act No. 167/2007 | |
| Substantive examination | Bulgaria | Articles 45a-46b and 47 of the Law on Patents and Utility Model Registration No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended on 20/07/2007 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Mozambique | Articles 46 (1), 49 and 54 of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 04 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Substantive examination | Djibouti | Articles 46 and 47 of the Protection of Industrial Property Law No.50/AN/09/6th L of 21/06/2009 | |
| Substantive examination | Republic of Moldova | Articles 46- 51 of the Law on the protection of Inventions No. 50-XVI of 07/03/ 2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Romania | Articles 46-47 of the Patent Law no. 64 of 1991 as republished in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, No. 456/18.VI.2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | African Intellectual Property Organization | Articles 46-57 of the Agreement Revising the Bangui Agreement of 02/03/1977, on the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization (Bangui (Central African Republic), 24/02/ 1999) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Mexico | Articles 47 I, 54 and 78 I of the Industrial Property Law of 25/06/1991as last amended on 06/12/2005 | |
| Substantive examination | Japan | Articles 47-49 of the Patent Act No. 121 of 1959 as last amended by Act No. 109 of 2006(Effective September 30, 2007) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | China | Articles 48-54 of the Patent Law of 12/03/1984 as last amended on 27/12/2008 and Article 1 State Intellectual Property Office Order # 37 of November 2005 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Barbados | Articles 49 and 50 of the Patent Act No. 18 of 26/07/2001 | |
| Utility models | Dominican Republic | Articles 49-51 of the Industrial Property Law No. 20-00 of 08/05/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Cyprus | Articles 49-56 of the Patent Law of 01/04/1998, No. 16(1) (Amended in 2000, 2002 and 2006, no text available in English) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Slovakia | Articles 5 (2) and (3) (a) and 6 (1) (b) and (d) of the Patent Act No. 435/2001 as last amended by Act No. 202/ 2009 Coll. | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Croatia | Articles 5 (2), (3), (4), (5), (6.1) and 6 (1) and (2) of the Patent Act No. 173/2003 of 31/10/ 2003as last amended by Law OG No 76/2008 of 23/07/2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Honduras | Articles 5 (3) and (4) and 7 (1) of the Industrial Property Law, Decree Law No. 12-99-E of 30/12/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Oman | Articles 5 (3) and (4) and 8 of the Law on Industrial Property Rights (Royal Decree No. 67/2008) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Croatia | Articles 5 (4) and (5) and 6 1) of the Patent Act No. 173/2003 of 31/10/2003 as last amended by Law OG No 76/2008 of 23/07/2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Serbia | Articles 5, 6 and 7 (3) of the Patent Law of 10/07/2004 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Albania | Articles 50 and 51 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 9947 of 07/07/2008 | |
| Substantive examination | Mexico | Articles 50, 52, 53, 54, 55 and 55bis of the Industrial Property Law of 25/06/1991as last amended on 06/12/2005 | |
| Utility models | Paraguay | Articles 50-53 of the Patents Law No. 1630 of 29/11/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | Armenia | Articles 51 and 54 of the Industrial Property Law of 10/06/2008 | |
| Security exceptions | Serbia | Articles 51 to 56 of the Law on Patents no. 99/11 of 27/12/2011 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Italy | Articles 51, 76 (1) (b) and 162 (1) of the Code of the Industrial Property, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 15/02/2005 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Portugal | Articles 52 (1) (a) and (b), 53 (3) (a) and (b), 54 (1) (c), (e) and (f), (2), (3) and (4) of the Industrial Property Code, Decree-Law No. 36 of 05/03/2003 as last amended by Law No. 16 of 01/04/2008 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Armenia | Articles 53 (2) and (3), 57 (1) and 58 of the Industrial Property Act of 10/06/2008 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Portugal | Articles 53 (3) (b) and 54 (1) (d), (e) and (f), (2) and (3) of the Industrial Property Code, Decree-Law No. 36 of 05/03/2003 as last amended by Law No. 16 of 01/04/2008 | |
| Utility models | Argentina | Articles 53, 55 and 58 of the Patents and Utility Models Law No. 24.481 of 1996 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Uruguay | Articles 54-55, 60-61, 69-70 and 73 of the Law No. 17.164 of 13/01/2000 Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs | |
| Utility models | Chile | Articles 54-56 of the Industrial Property Law No. 19.039 of 24/01/1991, as last amended in 2005 | |
| Substantive examination | Türkiye | Articles 54-59, 62 and 63 of the Decree-Law No. 551 on the Protection of Patent Rights of 27/06/1995 as last amended by Law No. 4128 of 7/11/1995 | |
| Security exceptions | Poland | Articles 56 to 62 of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000 as last amended by act of 29 June 2007 | |
| Substantive examination | North Macedonia | Articles 56, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 and 66 of the Industrial Property Law of 12/01/2009 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Articles 57-59 of the Patent Act of 15/12/1994, (Text as it applies on 03/06/2009) and Policy Rules on issuing compulsory licenses pursuant to WTO decision WT/L/540 on the implementation of paragraph 6 of the Doha declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and public health, under section 57 of the Act on Patent of 1995, of 23/12/2004 | |
| Substantive examination | Republic of Korea | Articles 57-61 of the Patent Act No. 950 on 28/11/1949, as last amended by Act No. 9381 of 30/01/2009 | |
| Utility models | Viet Nam | Articles 58 (2), 59 and 60 of the Law on Intellectual Property No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | African Intellectual Property Organization | Articles 58 to 65 and 67 of Annex I on Patents of the Bangui Agreement | |
| Substantive examination | Switzerland | Articles 59 and 59a of the Federal Patents Law of 25/06/1954 as last amended on 01/07 2009 and Articles 47, 53, 61a, 63 and 67 of the Regulations thereto | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Romania | Articles 59 and 60 of the Patent Law No.64/1991 as republished on Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, no. 541/ 8 august 2007 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Luxembourg | Articles 59-60 and 62-63 bis of the Patent Act of 20/07/1992 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Costa Rica | Articles 6 (1) and (4), 13 (1), (3) and (4) and 14 (1), (3) and (4) of the Patents Law No. 6867of 25/04/1983 (as last amended by Law No. 8039 of 12/10/2000) and Article 80 of the Law no. 7788 of 23/04/1998 on Biodiversity | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Republic of Moldova | Articles 6 (2) (a) and (4) and 7 (1) (c) and (d) and (2) of the Law on the protection of Inventions No. 50-XVI of 07/03/ 2008 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Republic of Moldova | Articles 6 (4) (b) and (c) and 7 (1) (b) and (c) of the Law on the Protection of Inventions No. 50-XVI of 07/03/ 2008 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Nicaragua | Articles 6 (c) and 7 (a) of the Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 354 of 19/09/2000 as last amended by Law No. 634 of 13/09/2007 | |
| Utility models | Indonesia | Articles 6 and 104 of the Patents Law No. 14 of 2001 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Bulgaria | Articles 6(2) (1), 7 (1) 4), 7a of the Law on Patents and Utility Model Registration No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended on 20/07/2007 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Algeria | Articles 61 and 62 of the Ordonnance n° 03-07 du 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 correspondant au 19 juillet 2003 relative aux brevets d'invention | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Andean Community | Articles 61 and 65-68 of the Decision No. 486 of 14/09/ 2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community - Common Industrial Property Regime (Cartagena Agreement) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Portugal | Articles 62 (1) (b) and (4), 63, 73 (1) (d) and 113 (d) of the Industrial Property Code, Decree-Law No. 36 of 05/03/2003 as last amended by Law No. 16 of 01/04/2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Serbia | Articles 63, 65, 66 and 68 of the Patents Law No. 15 of 02/07/2004 | |
| Substantive examination | Portugal | Articles 65, 65A, 66 and 68 of the Industrial Property Code, Decree-Law No. 36 of 05/03/2003 as last amended by Law No. 16 of 01/04/2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Honduras | Articles 65-70 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree Law No. 12-99-E of 30/12/1999 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Uzbekistan | Articles 66 and 149 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (as amended in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan ? 93 of 25.04.2007) | |
| Substantive examination | Hungary | Articles 68, 69, 69A, 71 and 74-75 of the of the Act XXXIII of 1995 on the protection of inventions by patents (Consolidated text of 01.04.2010) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Croatia | Articles 68-69b of the Patents Law No. 173/2003 as last amended by Act No. 76/2007 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Brazil | Articles 68-74 of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 as last amended by Law No. 10.196 of 14/02/2001 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Tunisia | Articles 69- 70, 78 and 80 of the Patents Law No. 2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Armenia | Articles 69-70 of the Patent Law of 10/06/2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Cuba | Articles 69-73 of the Law No. 68 of 14/05/1983 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Greece | Articles 7 (1) (b) and (4), 11 (a) and 15 (1) (c) of the Law on "Technology transfer, inventions, and technological innovation" No. 1733/1987 (FEK 171, A' of 22/9/1987) as last amended by Law No. 2359 of 15/11/1995 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Bulgaria | Articles 7 (1) 3) and 4) and 7a (3) and (4) of the Law on Patents and Utility Model Registration No. 27/2 of 1993 as last amended on 20/07/2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Algeria | Articles 7 (1) and 8 (1) of the Ordinance No. 03-07 of 19/07/2003 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Romania | Articles 7 (2) (a), (c) and (d), 8 (a) and 9 (b) and (c) of the Patent Law No. 64/1991 as republished in the OJ, Part I, No. 638/18.IX.2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Romania | Articles 7 (b) and 9 (b) of the Patent Law No. 64/1991 as republished in the OJ, Part I, No. 638/18.IX.2007 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Serbia | Articles 7, § 3 and 9, § 1 3) and § 2 of the Patent Law of 27/12/2011 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Mexico | Articles 70, 73 and 77 of the Industrial Property Law of 25/06/1991, last amended version of 06/12/2005 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Italy | Articles 70- 72 of the Industrial Property Code, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 15/02/2005 | |
| Security exceptions | North Macedonia | Articles 71 to 73 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 07-1006/1 of 12/02/2009 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Indonesia | Articles 71-73 of the Law on Patents No. 14 of 01/08/2001 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Japan | Articles 72, 79-83 and 92-97 of the Patent Law No. 121 of 13/04/1959, as last amended by Act No. 109 of 2006 | |
| Utility models | Bulgaria | Articles 73-73d of the Law on Patents and Utility model Registration (Title amended, State Gazette No. 64/2006; in force as from 09/11/2006) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Indonesia | Articles 74-77, 79 and 99-103 of the Patent Law No. 14 of 01/08/2001 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Argentina | Articles 75 to 80 of the Law on Patents and Utility Models (Consolidated Text of Law No. 24.481 of March 30, 1995, as last amended by Law No. 25.859/2003) | |
| Security exceptions | Sweden | Articles 78 and 79 of the Patents Act (1967:837) as last amended on 01/01/2011 and Defence Inventions Act (1971:1078) (available only in Swedish) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Türkiye | Articles 79, 93, 96-99, 101-103, 114 and 116 of the Decree-Law on the Protection of Patent Rights No. 551 of 27/06/1995 and Sections 39, 40 and 43 of the Implementing Regulations under Decree-Law No. 551 pertaining to the Protection of Patent Rights, including Amended Regulation of 06/12/1998 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Lebanon | Articles 8 (2) (b) 1) and (3) and 31 3) of the Patent Law No. 240 of 14/08/2000 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Sweden | Articles 8 (2) and (3), 8a and 25 (2) of the Patents Act No. 837 of 01/12/1967 as last amended by Law No. 161 of 01/04/2004 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Iceland | Articles 8 §§ (2), (6) and (7), 21 2) and 52 2) of the Patents Act No. 17/1991 as last amended by Law no. 167/2007 and Article 29 of the regulations thereto | |
| Utility models | Andean Community | Articles 81, 82 and 85 of the Cartagena Agreement, Decision No. 486 of 14/09/2000 of the Commission of the Andean Community | |
| Utility models | Uruguay | Articles 81,82, 83 and 85 of the Law Regulating Rights and Obligations Relating to Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs no. 17.164 of 02/09/1999 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Tunisia | Articles 82 and 83 of the Law No. 2000-84 of 24/08/2000, on Patents | |
| Utility models | Italy | Articles 82 and 86 of the Industrial Property Code, Legislative Decree No. 30 of 10/02/2005 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Poland | Articles 82-83 and 88 of the Industrial Property Law of 30/06/2000, as amended by Act of 23/01/2004 and Act of 29/06/2007 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Mozambique | Articles 83, 85-88 of the Industrial Property Code, Decree No. 4 of 12/04/2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Spain | Articles 83-86, 88-90 and 101-104 of the Law about Patents of Invention and Utility Models No. 11 of 20/03/1986 as last amended by Law No. 10 of 29/04/2002 | |
| Security exceptions | Cuba | Articles 84 to 90 of the Decree-Law No. 290 of November 20, 2011 on Inventions and Industrial Designs and Models | |
| Substantive examination | Slovenia | Articles 85 and 88 of the Industrial Property Act of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Slovenia | Articles 87 (2) and (3) and 112 (1) (b) of the Industrial Property Act of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 | |
| Security exceptions | Montenegro | Articles 87 to 91 of the Law on Patents of 31/10/2008 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Articles 88, 93 and 94 of the Law No. 82-001 of January 7, 1982 on Industrial Property | |
| Utility models | Albania | Articles 88-89 and 92-93 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 9947 of 07/07/2008 | |
| Substantive examination | Costa Rica | Articles 9 and 13 of the Patents Law No. 6867of 25/04/1983 (as last amended by Law No. 8039 of 12/10/2000) | |
| Utility models | Brazil | Articles 9-11 of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 as last amended by Law No. 10.196 of 14/02/2001 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Guatemala | Articles 91 (a), (b) and (c) of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57-2000 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Utility models | Poland | Articles 94 and 100 (1) of the Industrial Property Law of 30 June 2000, as amended by Act of 23/01/2004 and Act 29/06/2007 | |
| Security exceptions | Israel | Articles 94 to 111 of the Patents Law 5727-1967, as consolidated in 2014 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | North Macedonia | Articles 97-98, 100, 102, 104,107-108 of the Law on Industrial Property No. 07-1006/1 of 12/02/2009 | |
| Security exceptions | Indonesia | Articles 99 to 103 of the Patents Law No. 14 of 01/08/2001 and Articles 2, 3 and 4 of the Government Regulation No. 27 of 2004 regarding the Procedure of Exploitation of Patent by the Government | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | France | Articles L. 613-11 - L. 613-20 of the Intellectual Property Code, Law No.92-597 of 01/07/1992 (as last amended by Law No. 2007-1544 ) and sections R613-4 to R613-42 of the regulation part | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | France | Articles L611-10 (2) (a) and (4) and L611.18-L611.19 (3) of the Intellectual Property Code No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 (Consolidated version of 2010) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | France | Articles L611-10 (2) (a) and (4) and L611.18-L611.19 (3) of the Intellectual Property Code No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 (Consolidated version of 2010) | |
| Substantive examination | France | Articles L612-11-L612-15 of the Intellectual Property Code No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 (Consolidated version of 2010) and Articles R612-56-1 and Article R612-57 of the Regulations thereto | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | France | Articles L612-5, L612-12 6) and L613-25 (b) of the Intellectual Property Code No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 (Consolidated version of 2010) | |
| Security exceptions | France | Articles L612-8, L612-9, L612-10, L613-20 and L613-21 of the legislative part and Articles from R612-26 to R612-32 of the Regulation Part of the Intellectual Property Code as on 17/09/2012 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | France | Articles L613-2-4 and L613-6 of the Intellectual Property Code, Law No. 92-597 of 01/07/1992 as last amended by Law No. 2007-1544 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | France | Articles L615-14, L615-14-1, L615-14-2 and L615-14-3 of the Intellectual Property Code (consolidated as of January 1, 2014) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Comoros | Articles from 40 to 44 of the Patents Law of 05/07/1844 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Switzerland | Articles from 66 to 71 and 81 of the Patents Law of 25/06/1954, as of 01/01/2012 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Belarus | Article… 2 (2) of the Law No. 160-Z on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs, as amended on 15/07/2010 | |
| Security exceptions | China | CHINA: Articles 4, 14 and 20 of the Patents Law of 28/12/2008 and Articles from 7 to 9 of the Regulation on National Defense Patent of 17/09/2004 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Tunisia | Chapter I, Article 2 (2) (c) of the Patents Law No. 2000-84 of 24/08/2000 | |
| Regulatory review exception | European Union | Directive 2001/82/EC (for veterinary medicinal products) and 2001/83/EC (medicinal products for human use) and the amending Directives 2004/27/EC and 2004/28/EC | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | United Arab Emirates | Federal Law No. 31 of 2006 Pertaining to the Industrial Regulation and Protection of Patents, Industrial Drawings, and Designs | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Switzerland | Federal Patents Law of 25/06/1954 as on 01/01/2012 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO) | Harare Protocol on Patents and Industrial Designs of 10/12/1982 as last amended on 14/11/2006 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Nigeria | Industrial Property Act (Chapter 344) No. 60 of 1970 (as last amended in 1990) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Tonga | Industrial Property Act No. 19 of 09/11/1994 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Kenya | Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Papua New Guinea | Industrial Property Act No. 30 of 19/07/2000 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Gambia (the) | Industrial Property Act of 1989 as last amended on 2007 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Liberia | Industrial Property Act of 2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Slovenia | Industrial Property Act of 23/05/2001 as last amended on 06/02/2006 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Bhutan | Industrial Property Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan of 2001 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Guinea-Bissau | Industrial Property Code of 1996 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Cabo Verde | Industrial Property Code, Decree-Law No. 4/2007 of 20/08/2007 Industrial Property Code | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Chile | Industrial Property Law No. N° 19.039 (Consolidated Law of 2006) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Madagascar | Industrial Property Law, Ordinance No. 89-019 of 31/07/1989 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Lesotho | Industrial Property Order No. 5 of 1989, as last amended by Act No. 4 of 1997 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Sri Lanka | Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Intellectual Property Law of 14/01/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | Invention Law of 13/05/1998 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Bahrain | Law No (1) for the year 2004 On Patents and Utility Models amended by 2006 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Uzbekistan | Law No. 1062-XII of May 6, 1994 on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs (as last amended by Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. ZRU-312 of December 26, 2011). | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Indonesia | Law No. 14 of 10/08/2001 regarding Patents | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Yemen | Law No. 2 of 2011 on Patents, Utility Models, Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits and Undisclosed Information | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Iraq | Law No. 28 of 1999 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Angola | Law No. 3/92 on Industrial Property of 28/02/1992 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Sao Tome and Principe | Law No. 4/2001 of 31/12/2001 on Industrial Property | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Saudi Arabia | Law of Patents, Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, Plant Varieties, and Industrial Designs of 16/07/2004 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Jordan | Law on Patents No. 32 of 1999, as last amended by Law No. 28 of 2007 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Libya | Law on Patents and Industrial Designs and Models No. 8 of 1959 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Cambodia | Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs of 22/01/2003, as supplemented by Decree No. 706 of 29/06/2006 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | El Salvador | Law on the Promotion and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (Legislative Decree No. 604 of 15/07/1993) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Egypt | Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights No. 82 of 2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Ukraine | Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models No. 3687-XII of 15/12/1993 as last amended in 2003 (version of 2009 available only in Ukranian) | |
| Security exceptions | South Sudan | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Azerbaijan | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Australia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Bahamas | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Benin | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Bosnia and Herzegovina | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Brunei Darussalam | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Bulgaria | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Burundi | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Canada | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Central African Republic | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Chile | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Costa Rica | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Côte d'Ivoire | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Cyprus | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Dominica | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Dominican Republic | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | El Salvador | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Estonia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Ethiopia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Georgia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Greece | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Honduras | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | India | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Ireland | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Israel | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Jamaica | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Kyrgyzstan | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Latvia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Luxembourg | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Malawi | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Malaysia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Mali | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Malta | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Mauritius | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Nauru | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | New Zealand | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Nigeria | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Pakistan | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Paraguay | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Republic of Moldova | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Saint Lucia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | San Marino | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Sao Tome and Principe | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Saudi Arabia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Senegal | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Singapore | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | South Africa | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Timor-Leste | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Trinidad and Tobago | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Türkiye | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Uganda | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | United Kingdom | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | United States of America | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Vanuatu | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Zambia | No provision of law. | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Zimbabwe | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Antigua and Barbuda | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Argentina | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Austria | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Belize | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Bhutan | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Bosnia and Herzegovina | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Botswana | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Burundi | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Cabo Verde | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Cambodia | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Chile | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Cyprus | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Djibouti | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Dominica | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Dominican Republic | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Ecuador | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | El Salvador | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Ethiopia | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Gambia (the) | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Ghana | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Guatemala | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Guinea-Bissau | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Honduras | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Ireland | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Jamaica | No provision of law. | |
| Transition periods | Japan | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Jordan | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Lao People's Democratic Republic | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Liberia | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Malta | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Mauritius | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Mexico | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Mozambique | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Nepal | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Nicaragua | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Nigeria | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Oman | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Panama | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Papua New Guinea | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Paraguay | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Philippines | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Portugal | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Republic of Moldova | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Rwanda | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Samoa | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Sao Tome and Principe | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Seychelles | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Sierra Leone | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Sudan | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Eswatini | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Switzerland | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Thailand | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Tonga | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Trinidad and Tobago | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Tunisia | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Uganda | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | United Republic of Tanzania | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Uruguay | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Yemen | No provision of law. | |
| Security exceptions | Greece | No provision of law. | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Canada | Patent Act ( R.S., 1985, c. P-4, Act current to 28/02/2011) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Japan | Patent Act (Act No. 121 of 13/04/1959, as last amended by Act No. 30 of 08/05/2012) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Zimbabwe | Patent Act (Chapter 26:03) of 01/02/1972 as last amended by Act No. 14/2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Antigua and Barbuda | Patent Act No. 23 of 2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Dominica | Patent Act No. 8 of 07/10/1999 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Australia | Patent Act No. 83 of 30/10/1990 as last amended by Act No. 35 of 2012 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Zambia | Patent Act of 1958 (Chapter 400) as last amended by Act No. 26 of 28/12/1987 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Republic of Korea | Patent Act promulgated on 28/11/1949 by Military Act No. 950, as last amended by Act No. 11117 of 02/12/2012 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Ghana | Patent Act, Act No. 657 of 2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Sudan | Patent Law No. 58 of 1971 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Israel | Patent Law no. 5727 of 1967 as last amended by Law No. 5760-1999 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | China | Patent Law of 12/03/1984 as last amended on 27/12/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | Patent, Industrial Design and Trademark Registration Act of 29/10/2007 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Patents Act (Act No. 39 of 2004) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Patents Act (Cap. 18.25) of 31/12/2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Grenada | Patents Act (Cap. 227) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Singapore | Patents Act (Chapter 221) 2005 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | United Republic of Tanzania | Patents Act No. 1 of 1987, Chapter 217, as last revised in 1994 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Trinidad and Tobago | Patents Act No. 21 of 1996 as last amended by the Act No. 18 of 2000 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Singapore | Patents Act No. 21 of 25/11/1994 as of 09/10/2009 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Malaysia | Patents Act No. 291 of 1983 as last amended on 2006 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Uganda | Patents Act of 15/10/1993 as last amended in 2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Jamaica | Patents Act of 1857 as last amended in 1975 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Samoa | Patents Act of 1972 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Barbados | Patents Act, Cap. 314, No. 18 of 26/07/2001 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Seychelles | Patents Act, Chapter 156 of 1901 (version of 1991) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Belize | Patents Act, Chapter 253, of 21/06/2000 as last amended in 2005 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Malawi | Patents Act, Chapter 49:02 of 1957 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Lebanon | Patents Law No. 240 of 07/08/2000 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Brunei Darussalam | Patents Order of 17/10/2011 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Pakistan | Patents Ordinance No. LXI of 02/12/2000 (as amended by the Patents Amendment Ordinance of 2002) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Guyana | Patents and Designs Act (Cap. 90:03) of 01/01/1938 as last revised in 1972 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Mauritius | Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Act No. 25 of 2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Eswatini | Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs Act No. 6 of 1997 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Czech Republic | Provision 151 of the Criminal Code, Act 40/2009 | |
| Utility models | Philippines | Rules 200-201 of the Rules and Regulations on Utility Models and Industrial Designs (as amended by Order No.61 series 2001 and Office Order No. 09 series of 2000) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | United Kingdom | Schedule A2, section 76A (3) (f), (4) and (11) of the Patents Act of 1977, consolidated version of 01/10/2011 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | United Kingdom | Section 1 (2) (a) and 76A and Schedule A2 (Section 76) (1)-(6) and (11) of the Patents Act of 1977, consolidated version of 01/01/2010 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | United Kingdom | Section 1 (2) (c) of the Patents Act of 1977(unofficial consolidation of 01/10/2011) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Denmark | Section 1 (2) (iii) of the Consolidate Patent Act No. 108 of 24/01/2012 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Austria | Section 1 (2) 3) and (3) of the Patents Law 1970 (BGBl. No. 259/1970), as last amended by Act No. 143/2001 (last amended version of 2010 not available in English) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Germany | Section 1 (3) 3) and (4) of the Patent Law of 16/12/1980 (as last amended by the Act on Improvement of Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights of 31/07/2009) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Nigeria | Section 1 (4) (a) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 344, of 01/12/1971, version of 1990 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Denmark | Section 1 (4) and (5) of the Consolidated Patent Act No.91 of 28/01/2009 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Finland | Section 1 (4) and (5) of the Patents Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No. 743/2011 of 17/06/2011 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Finland | Section 1(2) 3) of the Patents Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No. 743 of 17 /06/2011 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Ghana | Section 1(3) (a) and (b) of the Patent Law No. 305A of 30/12/1992 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Germany | Section 1, 2a (1) 1), (2) and (3) 2), 3) and 4) of the Patent Act of 16/12/1980 as last amended by Act of 31/07/2009 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Norway | Section 1, §2 3) of the Patent Act No. 9 of 15/12/1967 (as amended up to Act No. 8 of 01/07/2010) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Norway | Section 1, §§ 4 and 5 of the Patents Acts No.9 of 15/12/1967 | |
| Transition periods | Madagascar | Section 1. 8 (1) (v) of the Ordinance No. 89 019 Establishing Arrangements for the Protection of Industrial Property of 31/07/1989 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Armenia | Section 10 (1) (a) and (3) of the Industrial Property Law of 10/06/2008 | |
| Substantive examination | Eswatini | Section 10 (3), (4) and (5) of the Industrial Property Law No. 6 of 04/09/1997 | |
| Substantive examination | Grenada | Section 10 (5)-(7) of the Industrial Property Act of 2002 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Ireland | Section 10 (b) of the Patent Act No. 1 of 1992 as last amended by Act no. 31 of 2006 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | India | Section 107A of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 as last amended in 2005 | |
| Regulatory review exception | India | Section 107A of the Patent Act of 1970 as last amended in 2005 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Barbados | Section 11 (1) (e) of the Patents Act No. 18, Cap. 314, of 26/07/2001 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Mauritius | Section 11 (3) (d), (e), (f) and (g) of the Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Act No. 25 of 2002 | |
| Substantive examination | Bhutan | Section 11 (3), (4) and (5) of the Industrial Property Act of 2001 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Antigua and Barbuda | Section 11 (4) (a) of the Patent Act No. 23 of 2003 | |
| Research exception | Antigua and Barbuda | Section 11 (4) c) of the Patent Bill No. 23 of 2003 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Germany | Section 11 no. 2 b of the Patent Act as last amended by the Act on Improvement of Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights of 31/07/2009 | |
| Research exception | Germany | Section 11 no. 2 of the Patent Act as last amended by the Act on Improvement of Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights of 31/07/2009 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Nigeria | Section 11 of the Industrial Property Act (Chapter 344) No. 60 of 1970 (amended law of 1990 not available) | |
| Substantive examination | Tonga | Section 11 of the Industrial Property Act No. 19 of 09/11/1994 | |
| Security exceptions | Latvia | Section 11 of the Patent Law of 15/02/2007 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Nepal | Section 11 of the Patent, Design and Trade Mark Act, 2022 (1965), as last amended on 24/11/2006 | |
| Substantive examination | Zimbabwe | Section 11 of the Patents Act (Chapter 26:03) No. 26 of 1971 as last amended by Act 20/1994 (S.7) | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | New Zealand | Section 11 of the Patents Act No. 68 of 2013 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Barbados | Section 11(a) and (e) of the Patents Act No. 18 of 26/07/2001 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Australia | Section 119 A of the Patent Act 1990 as last amended by Law No. 106 of 2006 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Grenada | Section 12 (4) (a) (i) of the Industrial Property Act of 2002 | |
| Research exception | Grenada | Section 12 (4) (a) of the Industrial Property Act of 2002 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Eswatini | Section 12 (4) (a) of the Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs Act No. 6 of 04/09/1997 | |
| Research exception | Eswatini | Section 12 (4) c) of the Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs Act No. 6 of 1997 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Ukraine | Section 12 (5) and (7) of the Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models No. 3687-XII of 15/12/1993 as last amended in 2003 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Trinidad and Tobago | Section 12 (a) of the Patents Act No. 21 of 1996 | |
| Research exception | Uzbekistan | Section 12 of the Law on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 1068-XII of 29/08/2002 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Eswatini | Section 12 paragraph 6 of the Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs Act No. 6 of 1997 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Dominica | Section 12(1) (a) of the Patents Act No. 8 of 07/10/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Viet Nam | Section 125 (2) (b) of the Intellectual Property Law No. 50/2005/QH11 of 29/11/2005 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Malaysia | Section 13 (1) (b) of the Patents Act No. 291 of 1983 as last amended by Act No. 1264 of 2006 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Brunei Darussalam | Section 13 (2) (a) of the Emergency Patents Order of 29/06/1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Section 13 (2) (h) of the Patents Act, Chapter 314, Act No. 39 of 2004 | |
| Research exception | Tonga | Section 13 (4) (4) of the Industrial Property Act No. 19 of 09/11/1994 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Bhutan | Section 13 (4) (i) of the Industrial Property Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001 | |
| Research exception | Bhutan | Section 13 (4) a) of the Industrial Property Act of 2001 | |
| Transition periods | Pakistan | Section 13 (9) of the Patent Ordinance No. LXI of 2000 as last amended by Patent Ordinance No. 2(1)/2002 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Tonga | Section 13 4 (a) of the Industrial Property Act No. 19 of 09/11/1994 | |
| Security exceptions | Germany | Section 13 of the Patent Law of 05/051936 as last amended by the Law of 31/07/2009 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Malaysia | Section 13(1) (a) and (b) of the Patents Act No. 291 of 1983 as last amended by Act No. 1264 of 2006 | |
| Substantive examination | United States of America | Section 131 of the 35 U.S.C, as last amended on 01/11/ 2005 and § 1.56, 1.98 (a) (1) and (2), § 1.104 (a) and (b) and § 1.105 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, as amended Dec. 2009, Title 37 - Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Botswana | Section 134 (6) and (7) of the Industrial Property Act (Act No. 8 of 2010) | |
| Research exception | Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) | Section 14 (1) of the Patent Regulation of the GCC (approved by the Supreme Council of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf) of 1992 (as at 23/0472002) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Zambia | Section 14 (7) of the Patent Act of 1958 (Chapter 400) as last amended by Act No. 26 of 28/12/1987 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Germany | Section 142 of the Patent Law as amended on 31/07/2009 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Australia | Section 144 of the Patents Act No. 83 of 1990 as amended by Act No. 106 of 2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Bhutan | Section 15 (1)-(3) of the Industrial Property Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan of 2001 | |
| Substantive examination | Liberia | Section 15 (3), (4) and (5) of the Industrial Property Act of 20/03/2003 | |
| Security exceptions | Vanuatu | Section 15 of the Patents Act No. 2 of 2003 | |
| Research exception | Estonia | Section 16 no.3 of the Patent Act of 16/03/1994, as last amended by the Act of 10/03/2004 | |
| Substantive examination | Ukraine | Section 16 of the Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models No. 3687-XII of 15/12/1993 as last amended in 2003 | |
| Substantive examination | Zambia | Section 16 of the Patent Act of 1958(Chapter 400) as last amended by Act No. 26 of 28/12/1987 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Namibia | Section 17 (3) (a) of the Industrial Property Bill of 1999 | |
| Research exception | Namibia | Section 17 (3) c) of the Unified Bill on Intellectual Property Rights 2000-2001 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Liberia | Section 17 (4) (a) (i) of the Industrial Property Act of 20/03/2003 | |
| Research exception | Liberia | Section 17 (4) a) (iii) of the Industrial Property Act of 20/03/2003 | |
| Security exceptions | Barbados | Section 17 (6) of the Patents Act No. 18 of 26/07/2001 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Estonia | Section 17 of the Patent Act of 16/03/1994, as last amended by the Act of 10/03/2004 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | United Arab Emirates | Section 17 of the Patent Law No. 44 of 12/10/1992 - 1413 | |
| Utility models | Australia | Section 18 (1A) and (2) of the Patent Act No. 83 of 1990 as amended by Act No. 106 of 2006 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Australia | Section 18 (3) and (4) of the Patents Act No. 83 of 1990 as last amended by Act No. 106 of 2006 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Czech Republic | Section 18 (e) of the Patents Act No. 527 of 1990 as last amended by Act No. 378/2007 | |
| Research exception | Czech Republic | Section 18 e) of the Patents Act No. 527 of 1990 as last amended by Act No. 378/2007 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Namibia | Section 19 of the Industrial Property Bill of 1999 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) | Section 19 of the Patent Regulation of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (as at 23704/2002) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Antigua and Barbuda | Section 2 (2) (i), (iv) and (v) of the Patents Act No. 23 of 29/12/2003 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Antigua and Barbuda | Section 2 (2) (iv), (v) and (vi) of the Patents Act No. 23 of 29/12/2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Oman | Section 2 (2) of the Royal Decree No. 67/2008 on Industrial Property Rights and their Enforcement | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Austria | Section 2 (3) of the Patents Law BGBl. No. 259/1970 as last amended by BGBl No. 143/2001 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Ghana | Section 2 (e), (f) and (g) of the Patents Act, Act No. 657 of 2003 Section 2 - Matter Excluded from Patent Protection | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Austria | Section 2 3) of the Patents Law BGBl. No.259/1970 as last amended by BGBl. No. 143/2001 (version of 2011 not available in English) | |
| Research exception | Latvia | Section 20 no.2 of the Patent Law adopted on 15/02/2007 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Latvia | Section 20 no.3 of the Patent Law adopted on 15/02/2007 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Czech Republic | Section 20 of the Law on Inventions, Industrial Designs and Rationalization Proposals No. 527 of 27/11/1990 as last amended by Act No. 207/2000 Coll. and Act No. 378/2007 | |
| Security exceptions | Zimbabwe | Section 20 of the Patents Act, Chapter 26:03 of 01/02/1972, as last amended by Act No. 14/2002 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Kenya | Section 21 (3) (a) of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Section 21 of the Intellectual Property Law of 14704/2008 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Section 21 of the Intellectual Property Laws No. 08/NA of 24/12/2007 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Latvia | Section 21 of the Patent Law of 15/02/2007 | |
| Research exception | Mauritius | Section 21(4)(d) of the Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Act of 2002 | |
| Security exceptions | Bangladesh | Section 21A of the Patents and Designs Act (Act No. II of 1911) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Sri Lanka | Section 22 (g) and 181 of the Intellectual Property Act, No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Philippines | Section 22 2of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997(as last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008) | |
| Substantive examination | Botswana | Section 22 of the Industrial Property Act No. 14 of 21/08/1996 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Botswana | Section 24 (3) (a) (i) of the Industrial Property Act No. 14 of 1996 | |
| Security exceptions | Zambia | Section 24 of the Patents Act (Chapter 400) of 1957 as last amended on 28/12/1987 | |
| Security exceptions | Malawi | Section 24 of the Patents Act, Chapter 49:02 of 1957 (version as of 1986) | |
| Research exception | Botswana | Section 24(3)(a) (iii) of the Industrial Property Act No. 14 of 1996 | |
| Research exception | Ethiopia | Section 25 (1) b of the Industrial Property Law (Proclamation) No. 123 of 10/05/1995 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | South Africa | Section 25 (2) (a) and (4) (b) of the Patents Act No. 37 of 1952 as last amended by Act No. 20 of 2005 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | South Africa | Section 25 (2) f) and (3) of the Patents Act No. 57 of 1978 as last amended by Act, No. 20 of 2005 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | South Africa | Section 25 (4) (b) of the Patents Act No. 37 of 1952 as last amended by Act No. 20 of 2005 | |
| Substantive examination | Papua New Guinea | Section 26 of the Industrial Property Act No. 30 of 19/07/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | Dominica | Section 26 of the Patents Act No. 8 of 07/10/1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Kenya | Section 26(a)(b)of The Industrial Property Act, 2001 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Uganda | Section 28 (b) of the Patents Act (Chapter 216) of 15/10/1993 | |
| Research exception | Uganda | Section 28 a) of the Patent Act of 15/10/1993 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Slovakia | Section 282 of the Criminal Code, Act No. 300/2005 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Papua New Guinea | Section 29 (4) (a) of the Industrial Property Act No. 30 of 19/07/2000 | |
| Research exception | Papua New Guinea | Section 29 (4) c) of the Patent and Industrial Act No. 30 of 19/07/2000 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Zimbabwe | Section 2A of the Patents Act (Chapter 26:03) No. 26 of 1971 as last amended by Act 9 of 2002 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO) | Section 3 (1) (ii) and (1A) of the Harare Protocol of 10/12/1982 as last amended on 26/11/1999 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | United Republic of Tanzania | Section 3 (1) (vi) and (vii) of the Industrial Property Act No. 4 of 28/03/2008 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Czech Republic | Section 3 (2) (c) and (3) of the Law on Inventions, Industrial Designs and Rationalization Proposals No. 527 of 27/11/1990 as last amended by Act No. 207/2000 Coll. and Act No. 378/2007 | |
| Research exception | Finland | Section 3 (2) no. 3 of the Patent Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967, as last amended by Act 684/2006 of 21/07/2006 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Finland | Section 3 (2) no. 4 of the Patent Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967, as last amended by Act 684/2006 of 21/07/2006. | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Sweden | Section 3 (2) no.2 of the Patent Act No. 837 of 01/12/1967 as last amended by Law No. 159 of 01/04/2004 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Finland | Section 3 (2) no.2 of the Patents Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended on 21/07/2006 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Norway | Section 3 (2) of the Patent Act No. 9 of 15/12/1967 (as last amended by Act No.80 of 29/06/2007) | |
| Regulatory review exception | Norway | Section 3 (3) (5) of the Act No. 9 of 15/12/1967 on Patents (The Norwegian Patents Act) (as last amended by Act No.80 of 29/06/2007) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Grenada | Section 3 (3) (a) of the Industrial Property Act of 2002 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Vanuatu | Section 3 (3) (f) of the Patents Act No. 2 of 2003 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Denmark | Section 3 (3) (ii) of the Consolidate Patent Act No. 91 of 28/01/2009 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Gambia (the) | Section 3 (3) (ii) of the Industrial Property, Chapter 95:03; Act No. 12 of 1997, version of 2007 | |
| Research exception | Denmark | Section 3 (3) (iii) of the Patent Act no. 91 of 28/01/2009 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Denmark | Section 3 (3) (iv) of the Consolidate Patent Act No. 91 of 28/01/2009 | |
| Research exception | Norway | Section 3 (3) no. 3 of the Act No. 9 of 15/12/1967 on patents (The Norwegian Patents Act) (as last amended by Act No. 80 of 29/06/2007) | |
| Research exception | Sweden | Section 3 (3) no. 3 of the Patents, Act No. 837 of 01/12/1967 as last amended by Law No. 159 of 01/04/2004 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Eswatini | Section 3 (a) of the Industrial Property Law No. 6 of 04/09/1997 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | India | Section 3 (c) and (j) of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 as last amended by Act No. 15 of 2005 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | India | Section 3 (i) and (j) of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 as last amended by Act No. 15 of 2005 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | India | Section 3 (k) of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 as last amended by the Patents Amendment Act No. 15 of 2005 | |
| Utility models | Belarus | Section 3 of the Law on Patents for Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs No. 160-Z of 16/12/2002 | |
| Substantive examination | African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO) | Section 3, (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8) of the Harare Protocol of 10/12/1982 as last amended on 26/11/1999 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Madagascar | Section 30 (2) of the Industrial Property Law, Ordinance No. 89-019 of 31/07/1989 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Pakistan | Section 30 (5) a) of the Patents Ordinance No. LXI of 02/12/2000 (as amended by the Patents Amendment Ordinance of 2002) | |
| Research exception | Pakistan | Section 30 (5) of the Patents Ordinance of 2000 (as amended by Patents (Amendment)Ordinance, 2002) | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Ghana | Section 30 (b) of the Patent Law No. 305A of 30/12/1992, repealed by Patent Act, 2003 (Act 657) | |
| Research exception | Ghana | Section 30 a) of the Patent Law No. 305A of 30/12/1992 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Botswana | Section 31 of Industrial Property Act, Act No. 14 of 1996 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Eswatini | Section 32 (1), (2) and (3) of the Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs Act of 04/09/1997 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Papua New Guinea | Section 32 of the Industrial Property Act No. 30 of 19/07/2000 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Hungary | Section 329 D of the Criminal Code, Act No. IV of 1978 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Kenya | Section 34 (1) (b) and (5), 38, 41 (7) (b) and (d) and (8), 43 (5) (a), 44 (3) (b) and (8) and 103 (3) (f) and (g) of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Antigua and Barbuda | Section 34 of the Patents Act, Act No. 23 of 2003 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Thailand | Section 36 (2) (4) of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as Amended by the Patent Act (No.2) B.E 2535 and the Patent Act (No.3) B.E. 2542 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Thailand | Section 36 (2) no. 7 of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as amended by the Patent Act No.2 B.E 2535 and the Patent Act No.3 B.E. 2542 | |
| Research exception | Thailand | Section 36 (2) no.1 of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as Amended by the Patent Act (No.2) B.E 2535 and the Patent Act (No.3) B.E. 2542 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Austria | Section 36 of the Patents Law 1970 (BGBl. No. 259/1970), as last amended by Act No. 143/2001 (last amended version of 2010 not available in English) | |
| Research exception | United Republic of Tanzania | Section 37 (1) of the Patents Act No. 1 of 1987 as amended by Acts No.13 and 18 of 1991 | |
| Research exception | Malaysia | Section 37 (1) of the Patents Act of 1983 as last amended in 2006 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Malaysia | Section 37 (1A) of the Patents Act of 1983 as last amended in 2006 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | United Republic of Tanzania | Section 37 (2) of the Patents Act No. 1of 20/01/1987 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Malaysia | Section 37 (2) of the Patents Act No. 291 of 1983 as last amended on 2006 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Ghana | Section 37 of the Patent Act, Act No. 657 of 2003 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Pakistan | Section 37 of the Patent Ordinance No. LXI of 2000 as last amended by Patent Ordinance No. 2(1)/2002 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Ethiopia | Section 4 (1) (b) of the Proclamation concerning Inventions, Minor Inventions and Industrial Designs No. 123 of 10/05/1995 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Ethiopia | Section 4 (1) (c) of the Proclamation of the Industrial Property Law No. 123 of 10/05/1995 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Bhutan | Section 4 (3) (i) of the Industrial Property Act of 2001 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Malta | Section 4 (5) (e) and (f) and (6) of the Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417, of 01/06/2002 as last amended by Act XVIII of 2005 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Tonga | Section 4 (a) of the Industrial Property Act No. 19 of 09/11/1994 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Lesotho | Section 4 (b) of the Industrial Property Order, Order No. 5 of 1989, as last amended by Act No. 4 of 1997 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Czech Republic | Section 4 (b) of the of the Law on Inventions, Industrial Designs and Rationalization Proposals No. 527 of November 27/11/1990 as last amended by Law No.116 of 06/04/2000 and Sections 2 (b) and (c) and 3 (c) of the Law of 21/06/2000, on the Protection of Biotechnological Inventions | |
| Substantive examination | Nigeria | Section 4 of the Industrial Property Act (Chapter 344) No. 60 of 1970 (version of 1990) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Ethiopia | Section 4(1) (b) and (d) of the Proclamation concerning Inventions, Minor Inventions and Industrial Designs No. 123 of 10/05/1995 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Bhutan | Section 41 (3) of the Industrial Property Act of 13/07/2001 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Ghana | Section 41 of the Patent Law No. 305A of 30/12/1992 | |
| Research exception | Trinidad and Tobago | Section 42 b) of the Patent Act No. 21 of 1996 as last amended by the Act No. 18 of 2000 | |
| Research exception | Ireland | Section 42 b) of the Patents Act No. 1 of 27/02/1992 as last amended in 2006 42.- | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Tonga | Section 43 (1) and (4) of the Industrial Property Act, Act No. 19 of 1994 as last amended by Act No. 42 of 2002 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Lesotho | Section 43 of the Industrial Property Order of 1989 (Order No. 5 of 1989, as last amended by Act No. 4 of 1997) | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Trinidad and Tobago | Section 43 of the Patents Act No. 21 of 1996 as last amended by the Act No. 18 of 2000 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Zimbabwe | Section 44 of the Patent Act (Chapter 26:03) No. 26 of 1971 as last amended by Act 20/1994 (S.7) | |
| Research exception | India | Section 47 of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 (as last amended in 2005) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Estonia | Section 47 of the Patent Act of 16/03/1994, as last amended by the Act of 10/03/2004 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Saint Lucia | Section 47 of the Patents Act No. 16 of 27/08/2001 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Zambia | Section 49 of the Patent Act of 1958(Chapter 400) as last amended by Act No. 26 of 28/12/1987 | |
| Security exceptions | Czech Republic | Section 5 (3), 24 (4) of the Law No. 527/1990 of 27/11/1990 on Inventions and Rationalization Proposals (as last amended by Act No. 207/2000 Coll.) | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | United Kingdom | Section 50 A. of the Patents Act of 1977, consolidated version of 01/01/2010 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | South Sudan | Section 50 of the Patent Law No. 58 of 1971 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Sudan | Section 50 of the Patent Law No. 58 of 1971 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Liberia | Section 51 (1), (2) and (3) of the Industrial Property Act of 20/03/2003 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Singapore | Section 51 of the Patents Act No. 21 of 25/11/1994 as of 01/12/2008 | |
| Research exception | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Section 53 (3) of the Kingdom Act of 15/12/1994, containing rules in respect of patents (Text as it applies on 03/06/2009) | |
| Regulatory review exception | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | Section 53 (4) of the Kingdom Act of 15/12/1994, containing rules in respect of patents (the Dutch Patents Act) (Text as it applies on 03/06/2009) | |
| Regulatory review exception | Kenya | Section 54 (2) of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Latvia | Section 54 of the Patent Law of 15/02/2007 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Israel | Section 54a of the Patents Law 5727-1967 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Canada | Section 55.2 (1), (5) and (6) of the Patent Act (R.S., 1985, c. P-4) (Act current to 21/01/ 2010) and Manufacturing and Storage of Patented Medicines Regulations | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Norway | Section 57 of the Patents Act No. 9 of 15/12/1967, as amended up to Act No. 8 of 01/07/2010 | |
| Research exception | Kenya | Section 58 (1) of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Kenya | Section 58 (2) of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Nicaragua | Section 6 (f) of the Industrial Property Law No. 354 of 19/09/2000 as last amended by Decree No. 16-2006 | |
| Regulatory review exception | United Kingdom | Section 60 (5) (i) of the Patents Act of 1977(unofficial consolidation of 01/01/2010) | |
| Research exception | United Kingdom | Section 60 (5) b) of the Patents Act of 1977 (unofficial consolidation of 01/01/2010) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Section 62 (1) of the Patents Act (Cap. 18.25) of 31/12/2002 | |
| Research exception | Saint Lucia | Section 62 (2) a) of the Patents Act No. 16 of 27/08/2001 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Sri Lanka | Section 62 (3) (a) and (b) of the Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Sri Lanka | Section 62 (3) (b) of the Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Utility models | Ireland | Section 63 (1), (2), (3), (4) of the Patents Act No. 1 of 27/02/1992, as last amended by law No. 31 of 2006 | |
| Utility models | Thailand | Section 65bis and 65decies of the Patent Act B.C.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as amended by the Patent Act (No.2) B.E. 2535 and the Patent Act (No.3) B.E. 2542 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Singapore | Section 66 (2) (g), (3), (4), (5), (5A) and (6) of the Patents Act No. 21 of 25/11/1994 as of 01/12/2008 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Singapore | Section 66 (2) (h) of the Patent Act (Chapter 221) No. 21 of 25/11/1994 as of 01/12/2008 | |
| Research exception | Singapore | Section 66 (2) b) of the Patent Act (Chapter 221) No. 21 of 25/11/1994 as of 01/12/2008 | |
| Regulatory review exception | New Zealand | Section 68B of the Patents Act of 1953 (as at 01/08/2008) | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Kenya | Section 69 of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Regulatory review exception | South Africa | Section 69A of the Patents Act No. 57 of 1978 (as last amended by Act No. 58 of 2002) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Uganda | Section 7 (2) (a) and (b) of the Patents Act of 15/10/1993 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Pakistan | Section 7 (2) (a) and (e) and (4) (b) of the Patent Ordinance No. LXI of 2000 as last amended by Patent Ordinance No. 2(1)/2002 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Uganda | Section 7 (2) (b) of the Patents Act of 15/10/1993 as last amended on 05/03/2002 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | United Republic of Tanzania | Section 7 (2)(a) and (b) of the Patents Act No. 1 of 20/01/1987 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Pakistan | Section 7 (4) (b) of the Patent Ordinance No. LXI of 2000 as last amended by Patent Ordinance No. 2(1)/2002 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Israel | Section 7(2) of the Patents Law No. 5727 of 08/08/1967 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | United Republic of Tanzania | Section 70 of Chapter 217, the Patents (Registration) Act of 1995 | |
| Security exceptions | Denmark | Section 70 of the Consolidated Patents Act No. 108 of 24/01/2012 and Sections 1, 2, 2a and 3 of the Consolidate Secret Patents Act No. 107 of 24/01/2012 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Philippines | Section 72 no.1 of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997a last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008 | |
| Research exception | Philippines | Section 72 no.3 of the Intellectual Property Rights Code, Act No. 8293 of 1997as last amended by Act no. 9502 of 2008 | |
| Regulatory review exception | Philippines | Section 72(4) of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997 as last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Sierra Leone | Section 73 of the Patents and Industrial Design Act, Act No. 10 of 2012 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Türkiye | Section 76 of the Decree-Law on the Protection of Patent Rights No. 551 of 27/06/1995 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Madagascar | Section 8 (1) (ii) of the Industrial Property Law, Ordinance No. 89 019 of 31/07/1989 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Liberia | Section 8 (3)(I) of the Industrial Property Act of 20/03/2003 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Ireland | Section 83 of the Patent Act No. 1 of 1992 as last amended by Act no. 31 of 2006 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Philippines | Section 84 of the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997 as last amended by Act No. 10372 of 28/02/2013 | |
| Research exception | Sri Lanka | Section 86 (1) (i) of the Intellectual Property Act, No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Sri Lanka | Section 86 (1) (iv) of the Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Sri Lanka | Section 86 of the Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Thailand | Section 86 of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as last amended on 01/01/1999 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Botswana | Section 9 (1) (a) of the Industrial Property Act No. 14 of 21/08/1996 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Bahamas | Section 9 (1) (b) of the Industrial Property Act of 1965 - Cap. 324 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Botswana | Section 9 (1) (e) of the Industrial Property Act of 24/04/2010 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Saint Lucia | Section 9 (2) (a) (i) of the Patents Act No. 16 of 27/08/2001 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Saint Lucia | Section 9 (2) (a) (iii) of the Patents Act No. 16 of 27/08/2001 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Botswana | Section 9 (2) (c) and (d) of the Industrial Property Act of 24/04/2010 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Latvia | Section 9 (2) 3) and (3) of the Patent Law of 15/02/2007 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Thailand | Section 9 (3) of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as amended by the Patent Act No.3 B.E. 2542 of 1999 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Zimbabwe | Section 9 (7) of the Patents Act (Chapter 26:03) no. 26 of 1971 as last amended by Act 20/1994 (S.7) | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Thailand | Section 9 1) of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as amended by the Patent Act (No.2) B.E 2535 and the Patent Act (No.3) B.E. 2542 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Thailand | Section 9 1) of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as amended by the Patent Act (No.2) B.E 2535 and the Patent Act (No.3) B.E. 2542 | |
| Substantive examination | Antigua and Barbuda | Section 9 of the Patents Act No. 23 of 29/12/2003 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Ireland | Section 9(2) (c) and (3) of the Patent Act No. 1 of 27/02/1992, as last amended by Law No. 31 of 2006 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | South Africa | Section 90 of the Intellectual Property Law, Act No. 57 of 1978 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Guatemala | Section 91 (g) of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57 of 2000 entered into force on 1/11/2000 | |
| Research exception | North Macedonia | Section 91 no.2 of the Law on Industrial Property adopted on 12/02/2009 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Oman | Section 93 of the Royal Decree No. 67/2008 on Industrial Property Rights and their Enforcement for the Sultanate of Oman of 12/05/2008 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Sri Lanka | Section 94 of the Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Latvia | Sections 1 (13) and 14) and 10 (1) 2) and 3) and (2) of the Patent Law of 15/02/2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Denmark | Sections 1 (2) (i), (5) and (6) and 1a of the Consolidated Patent Act No.91 of 28/01/2009 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Norway | Sections 1 (2) 1), (3) and (5), 1a and 3c of the Patents Acts No.9 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No.80 of 29/06/2007 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Finland | Sections 1 (2.1), (5) and (6) and 1a of the Patents Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No. 684 of 21/07/2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Oman | Sections 1 and 15-16 of the Royal Decree Promulgating the Patent Law No. 82 of 21/05/2000 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Germany | Sections 1(2) and (3.1), 1a, 2a (2.2) and (3) of the Patent Act of 16/12/1980 as last amended by Act of 31/07/2009 | |
| Utility models | Finland | Sections 1-2 of the Utility Model Act No. 800 of 10/05/1991 | |
| Utility models | Austria | Sections 1-3 of the Utility Model Act No. 211/1994 as amended by BGB1. No. 175 of 1998 and 143 of 2001 | |
| Utility models | Germany | Sections 1-3 of the Utiliy models Act of 28/08/1986 as last amended in 1994 (Consolidate version of 31/07/2009 not available in English) | |
| Utility models | Denmark | Sections 1-4 of the Utility Model Act No. 130 of 26. February 1992, as amended by Act No. 972 of 17/12/1997 | |
| Utility models | Czech Republic | Sections 1-5 of the Utility Models Act No. 478 of 1992 as implemented by Act No. 116 of 2000 Coll. | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | New Zealand | Sections 10 (3), 12 (2), 21 (1) (g) and 41 (1) (h) of the Patents Act No 64 of 1953 (as at 01/01/2011) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Brazil | Sections 10 (I) and (IX) and 18 II of the Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 (as last amended by Law No.10.196, of 14/02/2001) and Article 31 of the Provisional measure No. 2.186-16 | |
| Transition periods | Argentina | Sections 100 and 101 of the Law No. 24.481 of 23/05/1995 on Patents and Utility Models (as last amended by Law No. 24.572) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Israel | Sections 104-107 and 116-126 of the Patent Law no. 5727 of 08/08/1967 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Liberia | Sections 11 (3) and 14 of the Industrial Property Act of 20/03/2003 | |
| Utility models | Portugal | Sections 117-120 of the Industrial Property Code (approved by Decree Law 36/2003 of 5 March and attended by Decree Law 318/2007 of 2s September, Decree-Law 360/2007 of 2 November, Decree-Law 143/2008 of 25 July and Law 16/2008 of 1 April) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Seychelles | Sections 118 (1) and 119 of the Industrial Property Act, Act No. 7 of 2014 | |
| Substantive examination | India | Sections 11A, 11B, 12, 13 and 14 of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 as last amended by Act No. 15 of 2005 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Ghana | Sections 12 (1) (b), 16, 20 (4) (c) and 56 (2) (a) of the Patent Law No. 305A of 30/12/1992 | |
| Substantive examination | New Zealand | Sections 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18 of the Patents Act No 64 of 1953 (as at 01/08/2008) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Israel | Sections 12, 18 and 27 of the Patents Law No. 5727 of 08/08/1967 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Tonga | Sections 13 and 15 of the Industrial Property Act No. 19 of 09/11/1994 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Botswana | Sections 13(1) (b), and 20 of the Industrial Property Act No. 14 of 21/08/1996 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Uganda | Sections 13(2) (a), 17 and 36 (1) (c) of the Patents Act of 15/10/1993 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Germany | Sections 13, 24 and 81-85a of the Patent Law of 16/12/1980 (as last amended by the Act on Improvement of Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights of 31/07/2009) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Antigua and Barbuda | Sections 13-14 of the Patent Act No. 23 of 2003 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | United States of America | Sections 131-134 of the 35 U.S.C, as last amended on Sept. 2007 and § 1.105 and 1.1801 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, as amended Dec. 2009, Title 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights | |
| Security exceptions | New Zealand | Sections 132 to 139 of the Patents Act No. 68 of 2013 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Australia | Sections 133, 135 and 163, 167 and 168 of the Patent Act No. 83 of 30/10/1990 as last amended by Law No. 106 of 2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Guatemala | Sections 134- 137 of the Industrial Property Law, Decree No. 57 of 18/09/2000 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Zambia | Sections 14 (1), (2) and (3), 22 (1) (f) and (h) and 50 (1) of the Patent Act of 1958(Chapter 400) as last amended by Act No. 26 of 28/12/1987 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | United Kingdom | Sections 14 (2) (b) and (3), 72 (1) (c) and 125A of the Patents Act of 1977, consolidated version of 01/01/2010 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Grenada | Sections 14 and 14 A of the Industrial Property Bill of 2002 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Sections 145 and 157 of the Intellectual Property Law No. 01/NA of 20/12/2011 | |
| Security exceptions | Australia | Sections 147, 152 and 153 of the Patents Act No. 83 of 1990 as amended by Act No. 35 of 2012 and Section 1(4) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation (Safeguards) Act of 1987 (version of 20/04/2012) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Pakistan | Sections 15 (1), (2), (2A), (2B) and (3), 20 and 23 (1) (c) of the Patent Ordinance No. LXI of 2000 as last amended by Patent Ordinance No. 2(1)/2002 | |
| Utility models | Eswatini | Sections 15 and 16 (1) and (2) of the Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs Act No. 6 of 04/09/1997 | |
| Substantive examination | United Kingdom | Sections 15A-18 of the Patents Act of 1977, consolidated version of 01/01/2010 | |
| Security exceptions | United Kingdom | Sections 16 (2), 22 and 23 of the Patents Act of 1977 as on October 2011 (consolidated version). | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Georgia | Sections 16 (a) and 17 (c) of the Patent Law of 05/02/1999 | |
| Substantive examination | Pakistan | Sections 16, 17, 19, 20, 21 and 22 of the Patent Ordinance No. LXI of 2000 as last amended by Patent Ordinance No. 2(1)/2002 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | United States of America | Sections 161 to 164 of the Patent Law, 35 U.S.C. of 01/01/1953, 2007 version | |
| Utility models | Tonga | Sections 17 (1) and 18 (1) of the Industrial Property Act No. 19 of 1994 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Barbados | Sections 17 (2) (a) and (b), 20 (1) (a), 23, 26 (1) (d), (2) and (3) and 27 (1) (d), (2), (3), (4) and (5) of the Patents Act No. 18 of 26/07/2001 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Dominica | Sections 17 (4) and 23 of the Patents Act No. 8 of 07/10/1999 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Thailand | Sections 17 3), 24 (1), 27 and 28 (1) of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as amended by the Patent Act (No.2) B.E 2535 and the Patent Act (No.3) B.E. 2542 | |
| Utility models | Malaysia | Sections 17 and 17A of the Patent Act of 1983 as last amended in 2006 | |
| Substantive examination | Israel | Sections 17, 18, 18A and 18B of the Patents Law No. 5727 of 08/08/1967 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | United Republic of Tanzania | Sections 18 (1) (a) (ii) and (3), 22, 27 and 63 (2) (c) of the Patents Act No. 1 of 20/01/1987 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Trinidad and Tobago | Sections 18 (2) (b) and (3), 21, 22, 24 (1), 26 (2) and 60 (b) of the Patents Act No. 21 of 1996 | |
| Substantive examination | Ghana | Sections 18 and 20 of the Patent Law No. 305A of 30/12/1992 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Papua New Guinea | Sections 19 (2) (a) (ii), (5) and (6) (c), 24 and 26 of the Industrial Property Act No. 30 of 19/07/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | Uganda | Sections 19 (4) and 20 of the Patents Act of 15/10/1993 | |
| Substantive examination | Mauritius | Sections 19 and 20 (1) of the Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Act No. 25 of 2002 | |
| Substantive examination | Finland | Sections 19 and 20 of the Patents Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No. 684 of 21/07/2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Canada | Sections 19, 21 and 65 of the Patent Act ( R.S., 1985, c. P-4, Act current to 21/01/2010) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Ireland | Sections 19, 30 (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) and 58 (b) of the Patent Act No. 1 of 1992 as last amended by Act no. 31 of 2006 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Oman | Sections 2 (1) (e) of the and 11 (2) (c) and (d) and (4) (b) of the Law on Industrial Property Rights, Royal Decree No. 67 of the 2008 | |
| Utility models | Kenya | Sections 2, 82 (1) and (2) of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Security exceptions | Canada | Sections 20 to 22 of the Patent Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. P-4), as last amended on 21/09/2006 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Germany | Sections 21 (1) 2), 22, 34 (4), (7) and (8) and 34a of the Patent Act of 16/12/1980 as last amended by Act of 31/07/2009 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Saint Lucia | Sections 21 (3) (b) and (4), 25 (3), 75 and 76 (1) (c) of the Patents Act No. 16 of 27/08/2001 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Philippines | Sections 22 (1) and (4) of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997 as last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008 | |
| Substantive examination | United Republic of Tanzania | Sections 22, 25 and 27 of the Patents Act No. 1 of 20/01/1987 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Czech Republic | Sections 23 (1) (b) and 26 (2) of the Law on Inventions, Industrial Designs and Rationalization Proposals No. 527 of November 27/11/1990 as last amended by Law No. 116 of 06/04/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | Trinidad and Tobago | Sections 23 and 24 of the Patents Act No. 21 of 1996 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Mauritius | Sections 23-24 of the Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Act No. 25 of 2002 | |
| Substantive examination | Saint Lucia | Sections 24 and 25 of the Patents Act No. 16 of 27/08/2001 | |
| Substantive examination | Thailand | Sections 24-29 of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as amended by the Patent Act (No.2) B.E 2535 and the Patent Act (No.3) B.E. 2542 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Singapore | Sections 25 (3) and (4), 29 (2) (c) and 80 (1) (c) of the Patents Act No. 21 of 25/11/1994 as of 01/12/2008 | |
| Security exceptions | Pakistan | Sections 25 and 26 of the Patents Ordinance No. LXI of 2000 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Georgia | Sections 26 (3) and (4), 42 (1) (d) and 57 (1) (b) of the Patent Law of 05/02/1999 | |
| Substantive examination | Barbados | Sections 26 and 27 of the Patents Act No. 18 of 26/07/2001 | |
| Utility models | Antigua and Barbuda | Sections 26- 27 of the Patents Act No. 23 of 2003 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Latvia | Sections 27 (1) 2), 28 (7), 30 (1) and (2) and 37 (1), (3) and (4) of the Patent Law of 15/02/2007 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Canada | Sections 27 (3), (6) and (7), 38.1, 38.2 and 47 (1) of the Patent Act (R.S., 1985, c. P-4) as on 30/04/2010 | |
| Substantive examination | Canada | Sections 27 and 35 of the Patent Act (R.S., 1985, c. P-4) as on 30/04/2010 and Rules 28-30 of the regulations thereto | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Malaysia | Sections 28 (1) (c), 29A (4) and (5) (b) and 56 (2) (b) of the Patents Act No. 291 of 1983 as last amended by Act No. 1264 of 2006 and Rule 12 of the Patent Regulations P.U.(A) 327/86 as last amended on 19/06/2003 | |
| Substantive examination | Singapore | Sections 28, 29 and 38A of the Patents Act No. 21 of 25/11/1994 as of 01/12/2008 | |
| Security exceptions | Saint Lucia | Sections 29 and 30 of the Patents Act No. 16 of 2001 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Uganda | Sections 29 and 30 of the Patents Act of 15/10/1993 | |
| Substantive examination | Malaysia | Sections 29, 29A and 30 of the Patents Act No. 291 of 1983 as last amended by Act No. 1264 of 2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Ethiopia | Sections 29-33 of the Proclamation of the Industrial Property Law No. 123 of 10/05/1995 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Nigeria | Sections 3 (1) (a) (ii) and (2) and 9 (1) (b) of the Industrial Property Act (Chapter 344) of 1990 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Czech Republic | Sections 3 (2) (a), (3) and (4) and 4 (b) of the Law on Inventions, Industrial Designs and Rationalization Proposals No. 527 of November 27/11/1990 as last amended by Law No. 116 of 06/04/2000 and Act No. 206/2000 Coll. of 21/06/2000 on the Protection of Biotechnological Inventions | |
| Utility models | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Sections 3 (no. 6 and 7),14 and 21 of the Intellectual Property Law of 14/01/2008 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | South Africa | Sections 30 (3A) and (3B), 32 and 61 (1) (e) and (g) of the Patents Act No. 37 of 1952 as last amended by Act No. 20 of 2005 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Sections 30 3) and 35 of the Intellectual Property Law of 14704/2008 | |
| Utility models | Namibia | Sections 30-31 of the Industrial Property Bill of 1999 | |
| Substantive examination | Czech Republic | Sections 30-35 of the Law on Inventions, Industrial Designs and Rationalization Proposals No. 527 of November 27/11/1990 as last amended by Law No. 116 of 06/04/2000 | |
| Substantive examination | Georgia | Sections 32-36 of the Patent Law of 05/02/1999 | |
| Security exceptions | Singapore | Sections 33 and 34 of the Patents Act, Chapter 221, Act 21 of 1994, consolidated version of 10/03/2014 | |
| Security exceptions | Guyana | Sections 33 and 34 of the Patents and Designs Act - Cap. 90:03 of 1937 (current version of 1972) | |
| Substantive examination | Latvia | Sections 34 and 37 of the Patent Law of 15/02/2007 | |
| Substantive examination | South Africa | Sections 34, 35, 42 and 43 of the Patents Act No. 37 of 1952 as last amended by Act No. 20 of 2005 | |
| Utility models | Botswana | Sections 34-35 of the Industrial Property Act No. 14 of 21/08/1996 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Philippines | Sections 35 (1), 39 and 61 (1) (b) of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997 as last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Dominica | Sections 35, 38 and 39 of the Patent Act No. 8 of 07/10/1999 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Madagascar | Sections 36 of the Industrial Property Law, Ordinance No. 89-019 of 31/07/1989 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Argentina | Sections 37, 38 and 41 of the Law No. 24.481 of 23/05/1995 on Patents and Utility Models (as last amended by Law No. 24.572) | |
| Substantive examination | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Sections 37, 39 and 40 of the Intellectual Property Laws No. 08/NA of 24/12/2007 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Zambia | Sections 37-38 and 40-41 of the Patent Act of 1958 (Chapter 400) as last amended by Act No. 26 of 28/12/1987 | |
| Utility models | Ethiopia | Sections 38-40 of the Law on Inventions, Minor Inventions and Industrial Designs No. 123 of 1995 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Uganda | Sections 39 and 40 of the Patents Act of 15/10/1993 | |
| Security exceptions | India | Sections 4 and 35 to 42 of the Patents Act of 1970 as last amended by Act no. 15 of 2005, Rules 71 and 72 of the Patent Rules of 2003 and Section 20 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1962 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Guyana | Sections 4, 5 (2), 9 (2), (3) and (4), 14 (1) (d) and 29 (2) (h) and (j) of the Industrial Property, Act (Consolidation Ch. 90.3) No. 9 of 1937 as last amended by Act No. 4 of 23/09/1972 | |
| Substantive examination | Kenya | Sections 41 (7), (8) and (9) and 44 of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Exhaustion of rights | Ireland | Sections 41 and 43 of the Patents Act No. 1 of 27/02/1992, as last amended by Law No. 31 of 2006 | |
| Utility models | Uganda | Sections 41-42 of the Patent Act of 15/10/1993 | |
| Substantive examination | Germany | Sections 42, 43 and 44 of the Patent Act of 16/12/1980 as last amended by Act of 31/07/2009 | |
| Substantive examination | Philippines | Sections 42-44 and 48-49 of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997 as last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008 | |
| Substantive examination | Australia | Sections 44, 45, 47 and 48 of the Patens Act No. 83 of 1990 as last amended by Act No. 106 of 2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Sweden | Sections 44-49 of the Patents Act No. 837 of 01/12/1967 as last amended by Law No. 159 of 01/04/2004 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Ghana | Sections 45- 50 of the Patents Law No.305A of 30/12/1992 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Thailand | Sections 45-47 bis and 50-52 of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 of 11/03/1979 as amended by the Patent Act No.2 B.E 2535 and the Patent Act No.3 B.E. 2542 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Finland | Sections 45-50 of the Patents Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act 684/2006 of 21/07/2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Norway | Sections 45-50a and 107 of the Patent Act No. 9 of 15/12/1967 (as last amended by Act No.80 of 29/06/2007) and Sections 107-108 of the Patent Regulations No. 1162 of 20/12/1996 (as last amended by Royal Decree of 14/05/2004) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | New Zealand | Sections 46, 55-56 and 58-58A of the Patents Act No. 64 of 1953 (as at 01/08/2008) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Trinidad and Tobago | Sections 46-48 of the Patents Act No. 21 of 1996 as last amended by the Act No. 18 of 2000 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | United Republic of Tanzania | Sections 47 and 48 of the Patents Act No. 1 of 20/01/1987 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Austria | Sections 48 (1) 2) and 3), 87a and 102 (2) 2) and 4) of the Patents Law BGBl. No. 259/1970 as last amended by BGBl. No. 143/2001 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | United Kingdom | Sections 48-51, 55, 57 and 59 of the Patents Act of 1977(unofficial consolidation of 01/01/2010) | |
| Utility models | Belize | Sections 49-50 of the Patents Act (Ch. 253) No. 14 of 21/06/2000 | |
| Utility models | Dominica | Sections 49-50 of the Patents Act No. 8 of 07/10/1999 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Malaysia | Sections 49-51 and 84 of the Patents Act No. 291 of 1983 as last amended on 2006 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Antigua and Barbuda | Sections 5 (5), 8, 9 (5) and (6), 10 (3) and 15 (2) of the Patents Act No. 23 of 29/12/2003 | |
| Transition periods | India | Sections 5 and 24A, 24B and 24D of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 as last amended by Act No. 15 of 2005 | |
| Utility models | Estonia | Sections 5-7 of the Utility Model Act of 16/03/1994 (consolidated version of 09/02/2000) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Nicaragua | Sections 51, 53 and 54 of the Industrial Property Law No. 354 of 19/09/2000 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Saint Lucia | Sections 51-52, 57-59 and 61 of the Patents Act No. 16 of 27/08/2001 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | United Republic of Tanzania | Sections 52-59 and 61 of the Patents Act No. 1 of 1987 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Sections 53-54 of the Intellectual Property Law of 14/01/2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | South Africa | Sections 55-56 of the Patents Act No. 57 of 1978 as last amended by Act, No. 58 of 2002 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Singapore | Sections 55-57 and 60 of the Patents Act No. 21 of 25/11/1994 as of 01/12/2008 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Brunei Darussalam | Sections 55-65 of the Patents Order No. S42/99 of 1999 | |
| Substantive examination | Austria | Sections 57a, 99 and 100 of the Patents Law BGBl. No. 259/1970 as last amended by BGBl. No. 143/2001 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Pakistan | Sections 58 and 59 of the Patents Ordinance No. LXI of 02/12/2000 (as amended by the Patents Amendment Ordinance of 2002) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Eswatini | Sections 6 (3), 9, 10 (4), 11 (1) and 14 (2) of the Industrial Property Law No. 6 of 04/09/1997 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Grenada | Sections 6 (4), 9, 10 (6) and 11 (1) of the Industrial Property Act of 2002 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Argentina | Sections 6 (a) and (g) and 7 (b) of the Law No. 24.481 of 23/05/1995 on Patents and Utility Models (as last amended by Law No. 24.572) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Australia | Sections 6, 8, 40 (1) and (2) (a), 41 (1) and (2), 45 (3), (4) and (5), 59 (c), 100A (1) and (2) and 100 (1) and (2) of the Patens Act No. 83 of 1990 as amended by Act No. 106 of 2006 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Georgia | Sections 61-62 of the Patent Law of 05/02/1999 | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Barbados | Sections 62 and 63 of the Patents Act No. 18 of 26/07/2001 | |
| Utility models | Trinidad and Tobago | Sections 64 and 65 of the Patents Act No. 21 of 1996 as last amended by the Act No. 18 of 2000 | |
| Utility models | Ghana | Sections 64-65 of the Patent Law No. 305A of 30/12/1992 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Tonga | Sections 7 (4), 10, 12 (1) and 16 (2) of the Industrial Property Act No. 19 of 09/11/1994 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Bhutan | Sections 7(1) and (3), 10 and 16 (2) of the Industrial Property Act of 2001 | |
| Security exceptions | Norway | Sections 70 and 71 of the Patents Act No. 9 of 15/12/1967, as amended up to Act No. 8 of 01/07/2010 and Act on Inventions of Importance to the Defence of the Realm (Act No. 8 of 26/06/1953, as last amended on 01/01/2002) (available only in Norwegian) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Ireland | Sections 70-78 of the Patent Act No. 1 of 27/02/1992, as last amended by Law No. 31 of 2006 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Sri Lanka | Sections 71 (1) (a) (ii), (3), (4), (5) and (6), 73 (3), 75 (1), 78 (1) (d) (g) and (2), and 99 (1) (b) of the Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Utility models | United Republic of Tanzania | Sections 72 (1) and 73 (1) a) and b) of the Patent Act No. 1 of 20/01/1987 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Kenya | Sections 72- 75 and 80 of the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 27/07/2001 | |
| Substantive examination | Sri Lanka | Sections 73 and 78 of the Intellectual Property Act No. 36 of 2003 | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | Philippines | Sections 74, 93-97 and 100 of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997 (as last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008) | |
| Security exceptions | Finland | Sections 75 and 76 of the Patents Act of No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended on 17/06/2011 and Sections 1 and 2 of the Act on Inventions of Importance to the Defence of the Country No 551 of 15/12/1967 as last amended in 1997 | |
| Security exceptions | South Africa | Sections 78 to 80 of the Patents Act, Act No. 57 of 1978, as last amended by Act No. 20 of 2005 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Denmark | Sections 8 (2), 8a, 21 (2) (ii) and 52 (1) (ii) of the consolidated Patents Act No. 91 of 28/01/2009 and Rule 3 (4) and (5) of the Order No. 93 of 29/01/2009 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Finland | Sections 8 (2), 8a, 25 (1) 2) and 52 (1) 2) of the Patents Act No. 550 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No. 684 of 21/07/2006 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | India | Sections 8, 10 (1), (2), (3), (4), (4A) and (7), 25 (1) (g), (h) and (j) of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 as last amended by Act No. 15 of 2005 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Norway | Sections 8-8c, 25 (1) 2) and 52 (1) 2) of the Patents Acts No.9 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No.80 of 29/06/2007 and Section 30 of the Regulations thereto | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | India | Sections 82-85, 88-94 and 99-101 of the Patent Act No. 39 of 1970 as last amended by the Patents Amendment Act No. 15 of 2005 | |
| Ex-officio IP office control of anti-competitive clauses in licensing agreements | Philippines | Sections 86, 87, 91 and 92 of the Intellectual Property Code, Act No. 8293 of 06/06/1997 as last amended by Act No. 9502 of 2008 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Latvia | Sections 9 (1) and (2.1) and 10 of the Patent Law of 15/02/2007 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Zimbabwe | Sections 9 (2) and (3) (a) and (b), 17 (1) (f) and (h) and 45 (1) of the Patents Act (Chapter 26:03) No. 26 of 1971 as last amended by Act 20/1994 (S.7) | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Ireland | Sections 9 (2)(a) and 10 (1) (b) of the Patent Act No. 1 of 1992 as last amended by Act no. 31 of 2006 and the European Communities (Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions) Regulations of 2000 | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Ethiopia | Sections 9 (3) and (4) (b), 10 and 36 (1) (b) of the Proclamation concerning Inventions, Minor Inventions and Industrial Designs No. 123 of 10/05/1995 and Section 17 14) of the Proclamation No. 482/2006 to provide for access to Genetic resources and Community Knowledge and Community Right | |
| Substantive examination | Denmark | Sections 9, 15 and 19 of the Consolidated Patent Act No. 91 of 28/01/2009 and rules 37-43 of the Order on Patents and Supplementary Protection Certificates No. 93 of 29/01/2009 | |
| Substantive examination | Norway | Sections 9, 15, 15 a and 19 of the Patents Acts No.9 of 15/12/1967 as last amended by Act No.80 of 29/06/2007 | |
| Security exceptions | United States of America | Sections from 181 to 188 of the U.S.C. 35 of 01/01/1953 (Consolidated Patent Laws as of May 2014) and Sections 151 and 152 of the Nuclear Regulatory Legislation of 2013 | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | Nepal | The Patent, Design and Trade Mark Act No. 2022 of 1965 (version of 2006) | |
| Compulsory licenses and government use | United States of America | Title 28, part IV, Chapter 91, paragraph 1498 letter a) of the USC | |
| Patentability or exclusion from patentability, of software-related inventions | United States of America | Title 35 of the USC of 19/07/1952 as last amended on 14/01/2013 | |
| Transition periods | Argentina | WWW Sections 100 and 101 of the Law No. 24.481 of 23/05/1995 on Patents and Utility Models (as last amended by Law No. 24.572) | |
| Criminal sanctions for patent infringement | Austria | § 159 of the Patents Act 1970 (as last amended by Federal Law Gazette (BGBl) I No. 135/2009) | |
| Security exceptions | Estonia | § 18 and § 19 (4) and (5) of the Patent Act (Act No. RT I 1994, 25, 406, as last amended by Act No. RT I, 28.12.2011, 1) | |
| Disclosure related flexibilities | Estonia | § 19 (1) 2) and (2) 3), 23 (3) and 50 (1) and (2) 2) of the Patent Act (RT I 1994, 25, 406) of 16/03/1994 as last amended by Law RT I 2004, 20, 141 of 10/03/2004 | |
| Substantive examination | Estonia | § 23 of the Patent Act (RT I 1994, 25, 406) of 16/03/1994 as last amended by Law RT I 2004, 20, 141 of 10/03/2004 | |
| Patentability of substances existing in nature | Estonia | § 6(1), (2.1) and (3) and 7 of the Patent Act (RT I 1994, 25, 406) of 16/03/1994 as last amended by Law RT I 2004, 20, 141 of 10/03/2004 | |
| Exclusion from patentability of plants | Estonia | §§ 6 (2) 8) and 7 (2) 5) and 6) and (3) of the Patent Act (RT I 1994, 25, 406) of 16/03/1994 as last amended on 07/12/2011 | |