"(1) Contracting Parties shall make it unlawful for any person knowingly to perform any of the following acts:

(i) to remove or alter any electronic rights management information without authority;

(ii) to distribute, import for distribution or communicate to the public, without authority, copies of works from which electronic rights management information has been removed or altered without authority,

knowing that by so doing they are enabling or facilitating

(i) an infringement of any of the rights provided for under this Treaty, or

(ii) the avoidance of any legal obligation to pay any remuneration in respect of any right covered by this Treaty.

(2) As used in this Article, "rights management information" means information which identifies the work, the author of the work, the owner of any right in the work, and any numbers or codes that represent such information, when any of these items of information are attached to a copy of a work or appear in connection with the communication of a work to the public."