Despite demand expected to double by 2050, livestock is expected to decline globally. Technologies and climate adaptation solutions often relate to developing resilient feed crop and livestock breeds, pasture rehabilitation and optimizing feed and production systems. This section also presents advances in heat stress detection and management, and digital technologies for livestock monitoring and precision ranching.
Innovation examples
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Innovation examplesParticipatory 3D mapping for natural resource management in Chad
Photo: © Hindou Oumarou IbrahimIn Chad, climate change has exacerbated conflicts over natural resources such as grazing land. Indigenous Mbororo communities have worked with meteorologists to map natural resources and ecosystems through 3D participatory mapping to facilitate climate adaptation planning. The 3D participatory mapping workshops help create pathways and calendars for seasonal grazing patterns to fertilize farmlands. This involves a long process of consultation and consensus-building within the communities. After first identifying a geographical area, inventories are drawn up in which key ecosystem elements are identified. These can include rivers, lakes, mountains, trees, grass and even birds and other fauna which are then located on the 3D maps. Elements are added to the maps using for example pins to represent specific locations, yarns to draw up roads and paint to mark out territories. Once completed, the maps can be digitized and georeferenced through a geographical information system (GIS). By contributing to the communities’ understanding of their land, resource-based conflicts are mitigated, even as climate change affects their access to useful resources such as pastures. The maps also support communities in monitoring changes in the most vulnerable ecosystems to strengthen preservation and conservation efforts. With this information, appropriate adaptation plans and restoration activities can be developed in support of local and governmental decision-making.[1]
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Innovation examplesImproved forage through Chinese Juncao technology
Getty Images /© Ashley CooperJuncao technology was developed in 1986 by the National Engineering Research Center for Juncao Technology of the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU) in China. This technology uses Juncao grass as a medium or raw material through decomposition and symbiosis with fungi to produce outputs such as mushroom, fertilizer and livestock feed.[1] The grass itself has several positive climate adaptation aspects: 1) trees are conserved, because mushroom farmers no longer require wood logs as a fungi cultivation medium; 2) Giant Juncao grass is drought tolerant and particularly suitable as livestock fodder; 3) the grass as a feed additive has shown a slight improvement in diary milk production;[2] and 4) the grass can function as a green barrier to control soil erosion and stop desertification.[3] China, with the support of the United Nations Peace and Development Fund and other organizations, is now aiding other countries through the transfer of Juncao technology. It has successfully supported countries, including Fiji, Lesotho, Papua New Guinea and Rwanda, in developing national and scaled-up Juncao farms.[4] Other forages with similar benefits include Napier and Brachiaria grasses, which have seen a good uptake in countries like Kenya. Meanwhile, in Jordan, adding cactus to livestock feed has been shown to improve milk yields during periods of feed scarcity[5].
Proven technologies
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Proven technologiesConservation of climate-resilient indigenous breeds
AgTech Inc.
Massai Herder and Cattles at Masai Mara early in the morningIndigenous livestock breeds (ILBs) are often well-adapted both to their natural environment and abiotic stress. These specific genetic traits enable them to make good use of scarce resources. However, cross-breeding and inbreeding is weakening ILBs (Rahim et al., 2013). Conservation programs can help halt further dilution of breeds and preserve desirable traits for the future. In situ conservation through live animal breeding farms can be costly. An alternative for small populations is conservation through cryogenic methods where semen and embryos are frozen to preserve their genetics. Cryoconservation has successfully helped restore threatened species such as the Gaur (Indian bison), an animal that can sweat and tolerates heat well. AgTech Inc. is one company offering cryogenic storage and shipping.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: United States
- Availability: Worldwide
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Proven technologiesInfrared thermography for heat stress detection
Teledyne FLIR
Getty Images /© Buzun MaksimilianTeledyne FLIR provides a thermal imaging camera and automatic analysis software. The software uses advanced algorithms to detect infections such as mastitis in livestock before they fully develop. Thermal imaging, or infrared thermography (IRT), is a tool for measuring the surface temperature of livestock by gauging its infrared radiation. It can be used diagnostically to detect infections and heat stress, for example by measuring eye temperature. Thermal imaging presents a less time-consuming and labor-intensive means of measuring animal-based indicators of heat stress compared to other tools such as standard thermometers.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: United States
- Availability: Worldwide
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Proven technologiesFeed additive and monitoring app for heat stress management
Thermo
Getty Images / © locknloadlabradorThermo, part of the CCPA Group, provides feed additives for ruminants, pigs and poultry so they can better manage hot and humid weather. Active ingredients include spices such as chili and turmeric, electrolytes (Na+, K+), green tea and a buffer (bicarbonate). These are added to animal feed to support heat dissipation through the skin, correct electrolyte imbalance and stimulate ingestion. Products are added to animal feed 15 days before expected high temperatures, and then continuously during hot periods. The company also provides an app that helps estimate the impact of heat stress on the farm and any potential performance loss by using indicators such as the temperature humidity index (THI) and wind speed. Sensors can be connected to the app to get more accurate measurements from the livestock environment.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: France
- Availability: Worldwide
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Proven technologiesLivestock misting and fogging systems
Truemist
Photo: © TruemistMisting and fogging systems can help animals in industrial livestock production systems stay cool. Fine droplets of pressurized water from a nozzle evaporate and mix with the air to create a curtain of mist that can reduce temperatures within the immediate vicinity by several degrees. The smaller the water droplets, the better the cooling. Truemist is a company based in India that provides misting and fogging systems for various types of applications including indoor and outdoor misting, ultrasonic misting and aeroponic misting.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: India
- Availability: Worldwide
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Proven technologiesHydrogreen vertical greenhouse livestock feed farming
CubicFarm® Systems
Getty Images / © AzmanLHydroGreen, a division of CubicFarm Systems, has developed automated vertical pastures. The technology consists of an indoor hydroponic growing system that produces livestock feed such as barley and wheat in a controlled environment, minimizing land, water and fertilizer need. The company claims that these vertical pastures reduce greenhouse gas emissions and use 90 percent less water than traditional growing methods. The system is fully automated, including functions such as seeding, watering, harvesting and re-seeding. The technology was developed for drought-prone areas.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: United States
- Availability: United States and Canada
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Proven technologiesLivestock watering practices
Croc Trough Pumps
Getty Images / © PaulGrecaudLivestock watering practice management and improvement is becoming increasingly important as water becomes scarce. The solar-powered Croc trough pump system is designed to aerate, filter and soften water to slow the growth of bacteria, including E. Coli and blue-green algae. The system has been designed to be retrofitted onto existing troughs, including concrete, steel, rectangle or round troughs. The company is continuously performing trials with livestock owners to understand how their pump impacts livestock water consumption, weight gain and walking and drinking habits.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: Australia
- Availability: Australia
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Proven technologiesSmart tags for livestock monitoring
Ceres Tags
Getty Images / © Scharfsinn86Ceres Tags has developed so-called “smart tags.” Attached to the ears of animals, these tags continuously monitor all aspects of animal behavior, health and welfare, including ambient temperature. For example, they detect and monitor signs of heat stress in cattle. A tag can run 10 years or more without a change of battery and all data is transmitted directly via a constellation of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Data can be collected without the need for any other infrastructure. Once received via satellite, all data is transferred and stored securely in the company’s cloud-based data platform. This enables users to share data with third parties. Tags can be linked to existing herd or farm management software so that the data can be combined, analyzed and visualized
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: United States
- Availability: Worldwide
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Proven technologiesLivestock control with virtual fencing
Vence
Getty Images /© venemamaControl of a herd and where it grazes may be important when adapting to climate change and extreme weather. Vence’s digital fencing platform and app enable ranchers to isolate specific areas for grazing, such as protected areas and waterways. Instead of physical fences or corrals, the Vence app uses GPS collars worn by the cattle to rotate a herd through pasture. Collars emit a radio frequency (RF) signal to put a virtual fence around the cattle. The Vence app keeps track of a herd’s location. If any cattle breach the virtual fence an alert is sent and the animal in question located and collected with the help of GPS tracking. Vence’s virtual fencing technology also enables cattle producers to gather real-time data on their herd. The app monitors animal well-being, collecting data from sensors built into the livestock-worn devices.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: Medium
- Country of origin: New Zealand
- Availability: Worldwide
Frontier technologies
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Frontier technologiesPrecision ranching
Pasture.io
Getty Images /© B4LLSPasture.io provides a precision livestock farming tool that enables ranchers to continually monitor data remotely. Remote measurements gathered from weather stations, daily satellite flyovers from over 200 satellites and machine learning are used to measure and monitor crucial production information. Data on variables such as pasture cover and pasture growth rate allow farmers to estimate and plan for example the pasture intake per animal and milk production per cow. By forecasting pasture growth, feed shortages can be prevented and the nutritional value of feeds optimized. By mapping out the farms remotely, sustainable grazing management practices such as break fencing can be applied. This entails setting up temporary fences to protect recently grazed pasture and guide livestock toward nutritious pasture through a more even grazing pattern.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: Australia
- Availability: Worldwide
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Frontier technologiesGenomic evaluation service
Livestock Improvement Corp.
Getty Images /© bestdesignsWhen a calf is born breeding, values such as heat tolerance are determined by the parental average. However, the reliability of this method will remain low (around 30 percent) until herd test data can be incorporated. Genomic evaluation enables early evaluation and a more accurate prediction of a young animal’s performance. The Livestock Improvement Corporation (LIC) patented method is based on using a tissue sample to determine whether an animal and/or its offspring are likely to have certain characteristics, including heat tolerance. By including an animal’s DNA information in an evaluation, breeding value reliability is improved by around 60 percent.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: New Zealand
- Availability: New Zealand
Horizon technologies
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Horizon technologiesGenetically-modified animals having increased heat tolerance
Recombinetics
Getty Images / © Kurt Sauer / 500pxRecombinetics, through its subsidiary Acceligen, works with animal breeders globally to provide precision breeding technologies that address animal health and well-being challenges. The company’s aim is to modify the genome in livestock to have superior thermoregulatory abilities and lessen the milk yield reduction during hot summer periods. By making precise changes to animal DNA using a multitude of gene-editing tools including TALENs and CRISPRs specific traits can be unlocked. The company also leverages the animal cell’s ability to repair its own DNA during the editing process.
- Contracting type: Service
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: United States
- Availability: Worldwide
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3. Agriculture and forestry / Livestock / Horizon technologiesBiochips for disease detection
Randox Food Diagnostics
Getty Images / © HQuality VideoConventional methods for viral detection in livestock can be costly, labor intensive and time consuming. New methods are being developed more suitable for field environments and quick results. Among them biosensors as analytical devices can offer fast and efficient disease diagnostics and even have potential for real-time analysis. For example, Randox Food has developed a test based on biochip array technology that can simultaneously detect six commonly found pathogens in cows. A milk sample is screened for biomarkers related to common diseases and results provided within two and a half hours of the test being conducted. The technology can also be used to ensure milk quality, for example by detecting antibiotic residue.
- Contracting type: For sale
- Technology level: High
- Country of origin: United States
- Availability: Worldwide
REDD stands for “Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation”. The “+” represents forest conservation and management.
Hydroponics is using water as a medium instead of soil, whereas aeroponics is growing plants suspended in misted air. Aquaponics combines hydroponics and fish farming in an integrated nutrient recycling system.
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