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Unprecedented Number of International Patent Filings in 2007

Geneva, 21 février 2008
PR/2008/536

In a year that saw a record number of filings under the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), the cornerstone of the international patent system, inventors from the Republic of Korea (4th place) and China (7th) consolidated their top ten position in 2007, along with the United States of America (1st) , Japan (2nd), Germany (3rd), France (5th), United Kingdom (6th), Netherlands (8th), Switzerland (9th) and Sweden (10th). In total, a record 156,100 [1] applications were filed in 2007, representing a 4.7% rate of growth over the previous year. For the fourth year running, the most notable growth rates came from countries in north east Asia which accounted for over a quarter (25.8%) of all international applications under the PCT.

“The growth in patent filings by a number of countries in north east Asia and their share of overall patenting activity is impressive and confirms shifting patterns of innovation around the world,” said Dr. Kamil Idris, Director General of WIPO. “It is most encouraging to see clear evidence that countries in the region are embracing the tools of the international patent system to stimulate commercial activity and economic growth,” he added, noting “The PCT remains an attractive option for businesses as it makes it easier for companies and inventors to obtain patent rights in multiple countries.” The Director General further noted that “Strategic use of the patent system is a business imperative in today’s knowledge-driven economy. The success of the PCT is largely due to the sustained use of the system by some of the world’s foremost innovation-based companies.”

The Republic of Korea, which experienced 18.8% growth in 2007 as compared to 2006, overtook France to become the 4th biggest country of origin of PCT filings, and applicants from China, whose use grew by 38.1%, dislodged the Netherlands to take the position of 7th largest country of origin. 

With more than 52,000 PCT applications, inventors and industry from the United States of America represented 33.5% (a 2.6% increase over 2006) of all applications in 2007. Applicants from Japan, who unseated their German counterparts in 2003 for the number two spot, maintained their second place position with 17.8% of the total number of applications, representing a 2.6% increase over 2006. Inventors and industry from Germany held third position with 11.6% of all applications in 2007, representing an 8.4% increase, followed by users in the Republic of Korea (4.5% of all applications and an 18.8% increase) and France (4.1% of all applications and a 2.1% increase). Of the fifteen top filing countries, China achieved double-digit growth (7th highest filer, with a growth rate of 38.1% in 2007). Among other countries to register double-digit growth in 2007 were Brazil (15.3%), Malaysia (71.7%), Singapore (13.9%) and Turkey (10%).

Mr. Francis Gurry, Deputy Director General who oversees the work of the PCT, said “WIPO is continuing to enhance the PCT and its operations to ensure that applicants benefit from access to ever-more efficient, cost-effective quality services of the highest caliber”, and pointed out that WIPO receives on average over 400 PCT applications every day. Mr. Gurry said “We have seen tremendous efficiency gains in the delivery of PCT services over the last four years. WIPO is handling an unprecedented volume of applications with lower staff numbers and is effectively responding to increased demands resulting from changing patterns of innovation. We are clearly seeing a maturing of the system as the PCT celebrates 30 years of operations and currently enjoys a membership of 138 countries.”

Top Applicants

The year 2007 saw some changes in the list of top users of the PCT system. Matsushita of Japan moved into 1st place (2,100 applications published in 2007), overtaking the Dutch multinational Philips Electronics N.V. (2,041 applications published in 2007). Siemens (Germany) (1,644) retained 3rd place. Huawei Technologies of China moved up 9 places to become the 4th largest applicant with 1,365 applications published in 2007. These were followed by Bosch (Germany) (1,146), Toyota (Japan) (997), Qualcomm (USA) (974), Microsoft, which jumped 38 places to 8th place (USA) (845), Motorola (USA) (824) and Nokia (Finland) (822).  Among the 20 top filing companies, six were from the USA, six from Japan and three from Germany.

Fields of Technology

The largest proportion of PCT applications published in 2007 related to the telecommunications (10.5%), information technology (10.1%) and pharmaceuticals (9.3%) sectors. The fastest growing technology areas are nuclear engineering (24.5% increase) and telecommunications (15.5%).

The main fields of technology in which PCT applications were published in 2007 are broken down according to the International Patent Classification (IPC) - a classification system designed to facilitate the retrieval of technical information found in patent documents. These categories are outlined in Annex I. (For further information on IPC codes, please consult: https://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/).

Developing Countries

WIPO continued to receive international patent applications from developing countries in 2007. The largest number of applications received came from the Republic of Korea (7,061) and China (5,456) followed by India (686), South Africa (390), Brazil (384), Mexico (173), Malaysia (103), Egypt (41), Saudi Arabia (35) and Colombia (31). 

Developing countries make up 78% of the membership of the PCT, representing 108 of the 138 countries that have signed up to the treaty to date.

Other Developments

Applicants are increasingly submitting their international applications electronically. In 2007, more than half (53%) of the applications received were filed electronically. A further 15% were filed using PCT-EASY software (electronic bibliographic data with the patent specification on paper). The remaining 32% were filed entirely on paper.

Approximately 5.6% - some 8,700 international applications - of all PCT applications in 2007 were filed directly with the WIPO PCT Receiving Office. Applicants, who so wish, may file their international applications directly with the WIPO PCT receiving office in Geneva rather than through the intermediary of a national or regional IP office.

Through the application of information technologies and the outsourcing of certain functions, for example, in the field of translation, WIPO has augmented productivity levels in PCT operations. All PCT applications are now scanned on receipt at WIPO and processed electronically. Mr. Gurry said “With these changes, WIPO is able to contain costs and process the increased volume of PCT applications while keeping staff levels relatively constant.” 

Background

The PCT offers inventors and industry an advantageous route for obtaining patent protection internationally. By filing one “international” patent application under the PCT, protection of an invention can be sought simultaneously in each of a large number of countries. Both applicants and patent offices of PCT member states benefit from the uniform formality requirements, the international search and preliminary examination reports, and the centralized international publication provided by the PCT system. The national patent granting procedure and the related expenses are postponed, in the majority of cases, by up to 18 months (or even longer in the case of some offices) as compared with the traditional patent system. By this time, the applicant will have received important value-added information concerning the likelihood of obtaining patent protection as well as potential commercial interest in that invention.

Growth rates in the filing of PCT applications have been particularly dynamic over the last nine years. It took 18 years from the beginning of PCT operations in 1978 to reach 250,000 total applications, but only four years to double that figure (500,000), and another four to double it again (1,000,000).

Annex I 

PCT International Applications  
Top 15 Countries of Origin
 
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 estimate
2007 percent
2007 growth
United States of America
 41'030
 43'350
 46'803
 50'941
 52'280
33.5%
2.6%
Japan
 17'414
 20'264
 24'869
 27'033
 27'731
17.8%
2.6%
Germany
 14'662
 15'214
 15'984
 16'732
 18'134
11.6%
8.4%
Republic of Korea
 2'949
 3'558
 4'688
 5'944
 7'061
4.5%
18.8%
France
 5'171
 5'184
 5'748
 6'242
 6'370
4.1%
2.1%
United Kingdom
 5'206
 5'027
 5'084
 5'090
 5'553
3.6%
9.1%
China
 1'295
 1'706
 2'503
 3'951
 5'456
3.5%
38.1%
Netherlands
 4'479
 4'284
 4'500
 4'529
 4'186
2.7%
-7.6%
Switzerland
 2'861
 2'898
 3'290
 3'577
 3'674
2.4%
2.7%
Sweden
 2'612
 2'851
 2'883
 3'316
 3'533
2.3%
6.5%
Italy
 2'163
 2'189
 2'349
 2'716
 2'927
1.9%
7.8%
Canada
 2'271
 2'104
 2'318
 2'566
 2'707
1.7%
5.5%
Australia
 1'680
 1'837
 1'996
 2'001
 2'054
1.3%
2.6%
Finland
 1'557
 1'672
 1'893
 1'845
 1'952
1.3%
5.8%
Israel
 1'129
 1'227
 1'454
 1'589
 1'683
1.1%
5.9%
All Others
 8'715
 9'245
 10'326
 11'084
 10'800
6.9%
-2.6%
Total
115'194
122'610
136'688
149'156
156'100
 
4.7%
 

Main fields of technology in which PCT applications were published

 
Technical Field
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Increase Compared with 2006
I
Electricity - Electronics
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Electrical devices, electrical engineering, electrical energy
7,365
7,568
8,768
10,069
11,035
9.6%
2
Audio-visual technology
6,057
6,074
6,713
7,453
7,759
4.1%
3
Telecommunications
10,821
10,441
11,670
13,634
15,751
15.5%
4
Information technology
9,917
9,531
10,992
13,791
15,109
9.6%
II
Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
5
Semiconductors
4'051
4'109
4'719
6'111
6'587
7.8%
6
Optics
2'616
2'563
3'215
5'898
5'960
1.1%
7
Analysis, measurement, control technology
11'447
10'869
11'867
13'225
13'531
2.3%
8
Medical technology
8'600
8'877
9'554
11'249
11'890
5.7%
9
Nuclear engineering
517
496
499
572
712
24.5%
III
Chemicals - Materials
 
 
 
 
 
 
10
Organic fine chemistry
5'225
5'652
6'112
6'512
6'082
-6.6%
11
Macromolecular chemistry, polymers
3'984
4'002
4'532
5'904
5'946
0.7%
12
Chemical engineering
3'879
3'702
4'266
5'680
5'863
3.2%
13
Surface technology, coating
3'293
3'326
3'642
4'361
4'247
-2.6%
14
Materials, metallurgy
3'037
3'031
3'252
3'836
4'045
5.4%
IV
Pharmaceuticals - Biotechnology
 
 
 
 
 
 
15
Biotechnology
8'604
7'609
7'312
7'413
7'228
-2.5%
16
Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics
9'976
9'436
11'090
13'920
13'936
0.1%
17
Agriculture and food
1'660
1'840
1'949
2'336
2'309
-1.2%
V
Process engineering
 
 
 
 
 
 
18
Industrial processes
5'365
4'909
4'911
5'010
5'295
5.7%
19
Handling, printing
4'540
4'555
5'401
6'234
6'261
0.4%
20
Agricultural and food processing, machinery and apparatus
1'274
1'334
1'521
1'504
1'478
-1.7%
21
Materials processing, textiles, paper
4'780
4'285
4'763
5'484
5'312
-3.1%
22
Environmental technology
1'314
1'249
1'380
1'585
1'780
12.3%
VI
Machinery - Mechanics - Transport
 
 
 
 
 
 
23
Machine tools
2'485
2'323
2'773
3'009
3'132
4.1%
24
Engines, pumps, turbines
2'820
2'975
3'205
3'700
4'170
12.7%
25
Thermal processes and apparatus
1'580
1'542
1'825
2'062
2'297
11.4%
26
Mechanical Components
3'567
3'720
4'108
4'748
5'084
7.1%
27
Transport
4'597
4'883
5'542
6'078
6'696
10.2%
28
Space technology and weapons
494
436
536
513
507
-1.2%
VII
Consumer goods - Civil engineering
 
 
 
 
 
 
29
Consumer goods and equipment
5'757
6'040
7'228
8'310
8'629
3.8%
30
Civil engineering, building, mining
3'461
3'847
3'908
4'399
4'688
6.6%

Top 50 PCT Applicants in 2007

2007
Ranking
Position Changed
Applicant's Name
Country of Origin
PCT application published in 2007
Increased over 2006
 
1
1
MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
JP
2100
-244
2
-1
KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.
NL
2041
-454
3
0
SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
DE
1644
164
4
9
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
CN
1365
790
5
0
ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
DE
1146
184
6
2
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
JP
997
293
7
5
QUALCOMM INCORPORATED
US
974
366
8
38
MICROSOFT CORPORATION
US
845
603
9
1
MOTOROLA, INC.
US
824
187
10
-6
NOKIA CORPORATION
FI
822
-214
11
-4
BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
DE
810
94
12
-6
3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY
US
769
42
13
3
LG ELECTRONICS INC.
KR
719
152
14
1
FUJITSU LIMITED
JP
708
137
15
6
SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA
JP
702
206
16
12
NEC CORPORATION
JP
626
253
17
-8
INTEL CORPORATION
US
623
-67
18
4
PIONEER CORPORATION
JP
611
117
19
10
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
US
606
241
20
0
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
KR
598
93
21
-7
TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
SE
597
25
22
1
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
US
575
83
23
-4
HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.
US
520
12
24
-7
E.I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
US
504
-19
25
12
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
US
438
159
26
7
THOMSON LICENSING
FR
416
113
27
-9
HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P.
US
405
-104
28
8
BSH BOSCH UND SIEMENS HAUSGERÄTE GMBH
DE
398
116
29
-
FUJIFILM CORPORATION
JP
372
372
30
-4
THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
US
364
-52
31
52
SONY ERICSSON MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AB
SE
360
211
32
10
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
US
355
101
33
-3
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC.
US
342
15
34
16
NOVARTIS AG
CH
342
115
35
-3
FRANCE TELECOM
FR
341
38
36
3
LG CHEM, LTD.
KR
332
70
37
-10
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
US
330
-64
38
9
ASTRAZENECA AB
SE
299
59
39
-4
KIMBERLY-CLARK WORLDWIDE, INC.
US
299
16
40
1
MEDTRONIC, INC.
US
297
37
41
16
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE
KR
288
87
42
3
CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
US
283
40
43
6
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
JP
279
46
44
-33
MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
JP
279
-337
45
7
TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED
JP
272
52
46
-8
CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
JP
265
-1
47
-4
MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.
JP
257
9
48
300
LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.
US
251
208
49
5
NIKON CORPORATION
JP
244
28
50
-
NXP B.V.
NL
241
241

PCT International Applications by Residence of First Applicant
All Countries of Origin

COUNTRY
NAME
2003
2004
2005
 2006
2007 (Estimate)
AD
Andorra
                  4
 2
                  3
                  3
                  2
AE
United Arab Emirates
                  6
 17
                24
                14
                18
AG
Antigua and Barbuda
                  1
 1
                  2
 
 
AI
Anguilla
 
 1
 
 
                  2
AL
Albania
 
 1
 
                  1
 
AM
Armenia
 2
 2
                  3
                  7
                  4
AN
Netherlands Antilles
 
 2
                  3
                10
                  1
AR
Argentina
 15
 11
                20
                20
                27
AT
Austria
 644
 709
              851
              916
              976
AU
Australia
           1'680
           1'837
           1'996
           2'001
           2'054
AZ
Azerbaijan
 6
 5
                  5
                14
                  7
BA
Bosnia and Herzegovina
 7
 3
                  7
                  8
                13
BB
Barbados
 192
 246
              258
              192
              132
BD
Bangladesh
 2
 
 
 
 
BE
Belgium
 776
 832
           1'076
           1'034
           1'060
BG
Bulgaria
 45
 24
                21
                24
                27
BH
Bahrain
 2
 
 
 
 
BI
Burundi
 
 1
                  1
                  2
                  1
BJ
Benin
 
 
 
                  1
 
BM
Bermuda
 3
 10
                  4
                  6
                10
BN
Brunei Darussalam
 
 
                  7
                  1
 
BO
Bolivia
 
 3
 
 
                  1
BR
Brazil
 219
 278
 271
              333
              384
BS
Bahamas
 15
 21
 31
                19
                36
BW
Botswana
 1
 
 
 
 
BY
Belarus
 16
 26
 22
                18
                10
BZ
Belize
 3
 9
 5
                  1
                  1
CA
Canada
           2'271
           2'104
           2'318
           2'566
           2'707
CH
Switzerland
           2'861
           2'898
           3'290
           3'577
           3'674
CI
Côte d'Ivoire
 1
 
 1
 
 
CK
Cook Islands
 6
 1
 1
 
                  1
CL
Chile
 9
 6
 9
                12
                16
CM
Cameroon
 2
 2
 2
                  1
                  1
CN
China
           1'295
           1'706
           2'503
           3'951
           5'456
CO
Colombia
 24
 22
 23
                29
                31
CR
Costa Rica
 6
 6
 4
                  5
                  2
CU
Cuba
 20
 18
 11
                21
                20
CY
Cyprus
 28
 43
 30
                53
                67
CZ
Czech Republic
 83
 95
 117
              107
              123
DE
Germany
         14'662
         15'214
         15'984
         16'732
         18'134
DK
Denmark
           1'036
           1'049
           1'121
           1'157
           1'154
DO
Dominican Republic
 
 
 
 
                  2
DZ
Algeria
 5
 6
 4
                  3
                12
EC
Ecuador
 5
 9
 1
                  7
                  2
EE
Estonia
 8
 12
 13
                17
                29
EG
Egypt
 22
 53
 51
                41
                41
ES
Spain
 785
 823
           1'125
           1'198
           1'143
ET
Ethiopia
 1
 
 
 
                 -  
FI
Finland
           1'557
           1'672
           1'893
           1'845
           1'952
FJ
Fiji
 
 
 
 
                  1
FR
France
           5'171
           5'184
           5'748
           6'242
           6'370
GB
United Kingdom
           5'206
           5'027
           5'084
           5'090
           5'553
GE
Georgia
 3
 3
 4
                  8
                  6
GH
Ghana
 
 
 
                   2
 
GQ
Equatorial Guinea
 
 
 1
                  1
 
GR
Greece
 67
 79
 55
                84
                84
GT
Guatemala
 
 
 1
 
                  2
HK
Hong Kong, China
 
 4
 2
                  1
 
HN
Honduras
 
 
 1
 
 
HR
Croatia
 72
 76
 71
                74
                71
HU
Hungary
 114
 136
 160
              145
              160
ID
Indonesia
 2
 6
 8
                  8
                  9
IE
Ireland
 311
 322
 338
              423
              376
IL
Israel
           1'129
           1'227
           1'454
           1'589
           1'683
IN
India
 764
 724
 679
              831
              686
IQ
Iraq
 
 
 
 
                  1
IR
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
 2
 
 2
                  3
                  3
IS
Iceland
 58
 46
 44
                51
                51
IT
Italy
           2'163
           2'189
           2'349
           2'716
           2'927
JM
Jamaica
 2
 
 
                  1
 
JO
Jordan
 
 
 4
                  6
                  9
JP
Japan
         17'414
         20'264
         24'869
         27'033
         27'731
KE
Kenya
 2
 7
 7
                  5
                  3
KG
Kyrgyzstan
 2
 1
 1
 
                  2
KN
Saint Kitts and Nevis
 
 
 1
                  1
                  2
KP
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
 3
 3
 2
                  4
                  2
KR
Republic of Korea
           2'949
           3'558
           4'688
           5'944
           7'061
KW
Kuwait
 1
 3
 4
                  1
                  2
KY
Cayman Islands
 2
 9
 5
                10
                12
KZ
Kazakhstan
 7
 7
 8
                17
                10
LB
Lebanon
 5
 1
 
                  4
                  2
LC
Saint Lucia
 1
 
 
 
 
LI
Liechtenstein
 55
 47
 71
                77
                63
LK
Sri Lanka
 2
 2
 
                  3
                  7
LR
Liberia
 
 1
 
 
 
LT
Lithuania
 4
 9
 8
                10
                11
LU
Luxembourg
 117
 125
 119
              120
              147
LV
Latvia
 12
 12
 16
                17
                16
MA
Morocco
 7
 7
 9
                10
                17
MC
Monaco
 17
 16
 14
                14
                  7
MD
Republic of Moldova
 2
 3
 5
                  7
                  4
ME
Montenegro
 
 
 
                  2
 
MG
Madagascar
 
 1
 1
 
 
MH
Marshall Islands
 
 2
 
                  1
 
MK
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
 2
 4
 2
                  2
                  4
ML
Mali
 
 1
 
 
 
MN
Mongolia
 
 
 
                  6
 
MT
Malta
 3
 3
 10
                11
                12
MU
Mauritius
 5
 12
 3
                  7
                  9
MX
Mexico
 131
 118
 141
              180
              173
MY
Malaysia
 31
 45
 38
                60
              103
NA
Namibia
 
 2
 1
                  1
                  2
NG
Nigeria
 
 
 2
                  1
                  1
NL
Netherlands
           4'479
           4'284
           4'500
           4'529
           4'186
NO
Norway
 533
 476
 584
              609
              567
NZ
New Zealand
 300
 339
 349
              351
              291
OM
Oman
 
 
 2
 
 
PA
Panama
 16
 15
 17
                15
                12
PE
Peru
 2
 
 
                  1
                  2
PG
Papua New Guinea
 
 
 1
 
 
PH
Philippines
 21
 11
 26
                23
                15
PK
Pakistan
 2
 
 
                  3
                  4
PL
Poland
 154
 107
 97
              101
              102
PT
Portugal
 36
 49
 55
                68
                87
PY
Paraguay
 
 1
 
 
 
QA
Qatar
 
 1
 1
 
 
RO
Romania
 16
 18
 15
                26
                23
RS
Serbia
 
 
 
                  8
                20
RU
Russian Federation
 586
 519
 657
              695
              507
SA
Saudi Arabia
 28
 31
 39
                54
                35
SC
Seychelles
 3
 11
 2
                10
                  5
SD
Sudan
 2
 4
 6
                  3
                  4
SE
Sweden
           2'612
           2'851
           2'883
           3'316
           3'553
SG
Singapore
 282
 431
 443
              476
              542
SI
Slovenia
 65
 62
 86
                79
                82
SK
Slovakia
 26
 26
 31
                31
                37
SL
Sierra Leone
 
 
 
                  2
 
SM
San Marino
 3
 
 3
                  5
                20
SN
Senegal
 
 3
 1
                  3
                  1
SY
Syrian Arab Republic
 
 5
 4
                  7
                  2
SZ
Swaziland
 
 
 
                  1
 
TG
Togo
 2
 
 
 
 
TH
Thailand
 7
 12
 9
                11
                  5
TN
Tunisia
 5
 5
 10
                  3
                  7
TR
Turkey
 111
 115
 174
              269
              296
TT
Trinidad and Tobago
 2
 1
 1
                  3
                  1
UA
Ukraine
 58
 89
 60
                77
                84
US
United States of America
         41'030
         43'350
         46'804
         50'941
         52'280
UY
Uruguay
 11
 5
 5
                  4
                  4
UZ
Uzbekistan
 
 
 2
                  1
 
VC
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 3
 1
 
 
 
VE
Venezuela
 1
 1
 2
                  2
                  4
VG
Virgin Islands, British
 2
 11
 20
                15
                12
VN
Viet Nam
 7
 2
 
                10
                  5
VU
Vanuatu
 3
 1
 1
 
 
WS
Samoa
 
 
 1
                  1
 
YU
Serbia and Montenegro
 34
 29
 36
                24
                  1
ZA
South Africa
 357
 411
 358
              423
              390
ZW
Zimbabwe
 2
 3
 1
 
 
**
Not available
 229
              264
              261
              186
              186
Grand Total
 
       115'194
       122'610
       136'688
       149'156
       156'100

 

PCT CONTRACTING STATES

During 2007, 2 new contracting states became bound by the PCT, namely: Angola (from 27 December 2007) and the Dominican Republic (from 28 May 2007) – bringing the number of states which had acceded to the PCT by 31 December 2007, to 138, as follows:

 
AE United Arab Emirates
EE Estonia (EP)
LC Saint Lucia
PT Portugal (EP)
AG Antigua and Barbuda
EG Egypt
LI Liechtenstein (EP)
RO Romania (EP)
AL Albania
ES Spain (EP)
LK Sri Lanka
RS Serbia
AM Armenia (EA)
FI Finland (EP)
LR Liberia
RU Russian
AO Angola
FR France (EP)
LS Lesotho (AP)
Federation (EA)
AT Austria (EP)
GA Gabon (OA)
LT Lithuania (EP)
SC Seychelles
AU Australia
GB United Kingdom (EP)
LU Luxembourg (EP)
SD Sudan (AP)
AZ Azerbaijan (EA)
GD Grenada
LV Latvia (EP)
SE Sweden (EP)
BA Bosnia and
GE Georgia
LY Libyan Arab
SG Singapore
Herzegovina
GH Ghana (AP)
 Jamahiriya
SI Slovenia (EP)
BB Barbados
GM Gambia (AP)
MA Morocco
SK Slovakia (EP)
BE Belgium (EP)
GN Guinea (OA)
MC Monaco (EP)
SL Sierra Leone (AP)
BF Burkina Faso (OA)
GQ Equatorial
MD Moldova (EA)
SM San Marino
BG Bulgaria (EP)
Guinea (OA)
ME Montenegro
SN Senegal (OA)
BH Bahrain
GR Greece (EP)
MG Madagascar
SV El Salvador
BJ Benin (OA)
GT Guatemala
MK The former
SY Syrian Arab
BR Brazil
GW Guinea-Bissau (OA)
Yugoslav Republic
 Republic
BW Botswana (AP)
HN Honduras
of Macedonia
SZ Swaziland (AP)
BY Belarus (EA)
HR Croatia1
ML Mali (OA)
TD Chad (OA)
BZ Belize
HU Hungary (EP)
MN Mongolia
TG Togo (OA)
CA Canada
ID Indonesia
MR Mauritania (OA)
TJ Tajikistan (EA)
CF Central African
IE Ireland (EP)
MT Malta (EP)
TM Turkmenistan (EA)
Republic (OA)
IL Israel
MW Malawi (AP)
TN Tunisia
CG Congo (OA)
IN India
MX Mexico
TR Turkey (EP)
CH Switzerland (EP)
IS Iceland (EP)
MY Malaysia
TT Trinidad and Tobago
CI Côte d’Ivoire (OA)
IT Italy (EP)
MZ Mozambique (AP)
TZ United Republic of
CM Cameroon (OA)
JP Japan
NA Namibia (AP)
Tanzania (AP)
CN China
KE Kenya (AP)
NE Niger (OA)
UA Ukraine
CO Colombia
KG Kyrgyzstan (EA)
NG Nigeria
UG Uganda (AP)
CR Costa Rica
KM Comoros
NI Nicaragua
US United States of
CU Cuba
KN Saint Kitts and
NL Netherlands (EP)
 America
CY Cyprus (EP)
Nevis
NO Norway
UZ Uzbekistan
CZ Czech Republic (EP)
KP Democratic People’s
NZ New Zealand
VC Saint Vincent and
DE Germany (EP)
Republic of Korea
OM Oman
 the Grenadines
DK Denmark (EP)
KR Republic of Korea
PG Papua New Guinea
VN Viet Nam
DM Dominica
KZ Kazakhstan (EA)
PH Philippines
ZA South Africa
DO Dominican Republic
LA Lao People’s
PL Poland (EP)
ZM Zambia (AP)
DZ Algeria
Democratic Republic
 
ZW Zimbabwe (AP)
EC Ecuador
 
 
 
 

[1] Provisional estimate - WIPO continues to receive PCT applications filed with national offices in 2007 throughout the first half of the year

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