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Innovation in the Mining Sector and Cycles in Commodity Prices
Economic Research Working Paper No. 55
This paper analyses the evolution of innovation in the mining sector and how this innovation responds to the economic environment, in particular to changes in commodity prices. For this purpose, we combine commodity price data with innovation data as proxied by patent filings extracted from a novel unit record database containing comprehensive patent and firm level data for the mining sector from 1970 to 2015. We include patents registered both by mining companies and mining equipment, technology and service (METS) firms. With a multi-country panel analysis, we find that innovation in the mining sector is cyclical. Innovation increases in periods of high commodity prices while decreasing during commodity price recessions. Our results suggest that innovation increases mostly with long price cycle variations, while mostly unaffected by medium and short cycles. METS related innovation seem the driving force of this mechanism. In contrast, countries specializing in mining industries are found to be slower in reacting to price changes.
Año de publicación: 2019
Innovation and IP Rights in the Chilean Copper Mining Sector: The Role of the Mining, Equipment, Technology and Services Firms
Economic Research Working Paper No. 54
This analysis of intellectual property (IP) protection practices among mining equipment, technology and services suppliers (METS) in Chile's copper mining sector adds to a body of literature that has hitherto focused on high-income countries. It is based on data collated from an online survey of resident METS and on semi-structured interviews of executives from mining companies and suppliers, including two universities. The main conclusion is that, although METS appear to be innovative in relation to the mining sector and the economy as a whole, only a few use intellectual property rights (IPRs) to protect their innovations. The main reasons for this finding appear to be the cost and expected complexity of the registration process. Another noteworthy finding is the view that Chile has the requisite legal IPR expertise, but commercial capabilities (expertise in IPR-based innovation management and business plans) are much less developed. In the last section, four case studies of product and process innovation by four mining suppliers add some interesting insights to the analysis.
Technology Appropriation and Technology Transfer in the Brazilian Mining Sector
Economic Research Working Paper No. 53
This paper focuses on the competitive dynamics, strategic challenges, technological needs and institutional innovation-promoting arrangements in Brazil's mining sector in order to identify the ways in which mining firms and mining equipment, technology and services suppliers (METS) handle innovation appropriation and technology transfer in the country. As the main sample consisted of resident and non-resident companies, the key technological areas of mining-related patenting in Brazil and the main patent stakeholders have been identified. The analysis of technology transfer among firms and to other mining industry stakeholders, mainly universities, drew on import contracts and highlighted the role played by foreign METS. A case study of Vale S.A., Brazil's largest mining enterprise, has been included, with emphasis on Vale's strategies to mitigate external challenges and to meet technological needs through innovation.
Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks; Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement; Regulations; Administrative Instructions.
The system of international registration of marks is governed by the Madrid Agreement. The Protocol relating to that Agreement aims at rendering the Madrid system more flexible and more compatible with the domestic legislation of certain countries which had not been able to accede to the Agreement.
Looking Good: An Introduction to Industrial Designs for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Attractive designs are a key factor in determining the success of products in the market. Industrial design rights protect the ornamental or aesthetic appearance of a product and help companies differentiate their products from those of their competitors and enhance their brand image. This publication explains what industrial designs are and introduces the main issues in industrial design protection, to help businesses make informed decisions about protecting them.
WIPO Technology Trends 2019 – Artificial Intelligence
This report is the first in a new series from WIPO tracking the development of technologies through the analysis of data on innovation activities. It reveals trends in patenting of artificial intelligence (AI) innovations, the top players in AI from industry and academia, and the geographical distribution of AI-related patent protection and scientific publications. Its findings are accompanied throughout by commentary and industry perspectives from more than 20 of the world's leading experts in AI, making it of particular interest to business leaders, researchers and policymakers.
Global Brand Database
The Free Global Search Engine for Brands
This flyer briefly outlines the content, features and options available within WIPO's Global Brand Database.
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2018
An overview of intellectual property activity based on the latest available year of complete statistics.
Innovation in the Polish health sector: A quality assessment
Economic Research Working Paper No. 47
This working paper aims to present the specifics of innovation in the Polish health industry through the prism of the experiences and opinions of a representative group of 42 companies from both the pharmaceutical and medtech sectors. Through analysis of in-depth interviews, it aims to illuminate the legal, economic and social mechanisms and phenomena that determine innovation in this sector. The survey examines which areas of the Polish health sector are most innovative, the understanding of innovation that prevails in the sector, and the characteristics of R&D activities carried out there. Subsequently, the study explores the general impact of intellectual property, and particularly of patent law on innovation, in the Polish health sector. Finally, it surveys the other economic and legal instruments currently stimulating innovation and how legal regulations and governmental policy could be modified to create an optimal pro-innovation environment. The conclusions include short legal and factual background of innovation in the Polish health sector, the summarized results of the conducted analysis and final comments concerning the level and culture of innovation within the examined industry.
Japan FIT/IP Global
Activities in Africa and LDCs – 2019
The History of Japan FIT/IP for Africa and Least Developed Countries (LDCs)