Genetic and other biological resources constitute unique subject matter for IP protection ever since IP systems began to protect innovation in the modern life sciences, as early as the mid1970s. They include, for example, microorganisms, plant varieties, animal breeds, genetic sequences, nucleotide and amino acid sequence information, traits, molecular events, plasmids, and vectors.
GRs and related life science innovation and information cut across a number of branches of intellectual property (IP) law and practice, including patents, trade secrets, copyright, technological protection measures as well as other branches of the law. The IP issues associated with GRs therefore need to be addressed in a customized, cross-cutting and practical manner.
In considering IP issues associated with GRs, WIPO’s work complements the frameworks for access and benefit-sharing provided by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Nagoya Protocol, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework (PIP) Framework of the World Health Organization and other specialized access and benefit-sharing framework.
GR resources
- Rights management in IP, GRs and GR data
- Laws and legislative measures
- Disclosure requirements table
- Publications and studies
- FAQs
- Glossary
- Key questions on patent disclosure requirements
- A Guide to IP Issues in Access and Benefit-sharing Agreements
- WIPO-UNEP Study on the Role of IP Rights in the Sharing of Benefits Arising from the Use of Biological Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge