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►B DIRECTIVE 2001/82/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 6 November 2001
on the Community code relating to veterinary medicinal products
(OJ L 311, 28.11.2001, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1 Directive 2004/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004
L 136 58 30.4.2004
►M2 Commission Directive 2009/9/EC of 10 February 2009 L 44 10 14.2.2009 ►M3 Regulation (EC) No 470/2009 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 6 May 2009 L 152 11 16.6.2009
►M4 Directive 2009/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009
L 168 33 30.6.2009
►M5 Regulation (EC) No 596/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009
L 188 14 18.7.2009
Corrected by:
►C1 Corrigendum, OJ L 86, 24.3.2012, p. 25 (596/2009)
2001L0082 — EN — 07.08.2009 — 004.002 — 1
DIRECTIVE 2001/82/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 6 November 2001
on the Community code relating to veterinary medicinal products
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 95 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (1),
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty (2),
Whereas:
(1) Council Directive 81/851/EEC of 28 September 1981 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to veterinary medicinal products (3), Council Directive 81/852/EEC of 28 September 1981 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to analytical, pharmaco-toxicological and clinical standards and protocols in respect of the testing of veterinary medicinal products (4), Council Directive 90/677/EEC of 13 December 1990 extending the scope of Directive 81/851/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to veterinary medicinal products and laying down additional provisions for immunological veterinary medicinal products (5), and Council Directive 92/74/EEC of 22 September 1992 widening the scope of Directive 81/851/EEC on the approximation of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action relating to veterinary medicinal products and laying down additional provisions on homeopathic veterinary medicinal products (6) have been frequently and substantially amended; in the interests of clarity and rationality, the said Directives should therefore be codified by assembling them in a single text.
(2) The primary purpose of any rules for the production and distribution of veterinary medicinal products must be the safe guarding of public health.
(3) However, this objective must be achieved by means which will not hinder the development of industry and trade in medicinal products within the Community.
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(1) OJ C 75, 15.3.2000, p. 11. (2) Opinion of the European Parliament of 3 July 2001 (not yet published in the
Official Journal) and Council Decision of 27 September 2001. (3) OJ L 317, 6.11.1981, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Commission
Directive 2000/37/EC (OJ L 139, 10.6.2000, p. 25). (4) OJ L 317, 6.11.1981, p. 16. Directive as last amended by Commission
Directive 1999/104/EC (OJ L 3, 6.1.2000, p. 18). (5) OJ L 373, 31.12.1990, p. 26. (6) OJ L 297, 13.10.1992, p. 12.
(4) In so far as the Member States already have certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action governing veterinary medicinal products, such provisions differ in essential principles. This results in the hindering of trade in medicinal products within the Community, thereby directly affecting the functioning of the internal market.
(5) Such hindrances must, accordingly, be removed; whereas this entails approximation of the relevant provisions.
(6) It is necessary from the point of view of public health and the free movement of veterinary medicinal products for the competent authorities to have at their disposal all useful information on authorized veterinary medicinal products in the form of approved summaries of the characteristics of products.
(7) With the exception of those medicinal products which are subject to the centralised Community authorization procedure established by Council Regulation (EEC) No 2309/93 of 22 July 1993 laying down Community procedures for the authorization and super vision of medicinal products for human and veterinary use and establishing a European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (1), a marketing authorization in one Member State ought to be recognized by the competent authority of the other Member States unless there are serious grounds for supposing that the authorization of the veterinary medicinal product concerned may present a risk to human or animal health, or to the environment; in the event of a disagreement between Member States about the quality, the safety or the efficacy of a medicinal product, a scientific evaluation of the matter should be undertaken at a Community level, lead to a single decision on the area of disagreement, binding on the Member States concerned. This Decision should be adopted by a rapid procedure ensuring close cooperation between the Commission and the Member States.
(8) For this purpose, a Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products should be set up in accordance with the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products laid down in the aforemen tioned Regulation (EEC) No 2309/93.
(9) This Directive is only one stage in the achievement of the aim of freedom of movement of veterinary medicinal products. However, for this purpose, new measures will prove necessary, in the light of experience gained — especially within the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products — for the removal of the remaining barriers to freedom of movement.
(10) Medicated feedingstuffs do not come within the scope of this Directive. However, it is necessary, for both public health and economic reasons, to prohibit the use of unauthorized medicinal products in the manufacture of medicated feedingstuffs.
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(1) OJ L 214, 24.8.1993, p. 1. Regulation as amended by Commission Regu lation (EC) No 649/98 (OJ L 88, 24.3.1998, p. 7).
(11) The concepts of harmfulness and therapeutic efficacy can be examined only in relation to one another and have only a relative significance, depending on the progress of scientific knowledge and the use for which the medicinal product is intended. The particulars and documents which must accompany an application for marketing authorization must demonstrate that potential hazards are outweighed by the benefits due to efficacy. Failing such demonstration, the appli cation must be rejected.
(12) Marketing authorization should be refused where a medicinal product lacks therapeutic effect or where there is insufficient proof of such effect. The concept of therapeutic effect must be understood as being the effect promised by the manufacturers.
(13) Such marketing authorization should also be refused where the withdrawal period indicated is not long enough to eliminate health hazards arising from residues.
(14) Before an authorization to market an immunological veterinary medicinal product can be granted, the manufacturer must demon strate his ability to attain batch-to-batch consistency.
(15) The competent authorities should also be empowered to prohibit the use of an immunological veterinary medicinal product when the immunological responses of the treated animal will interfere with a national or Community programme for the diagnosis, eradication or control of animal disease.
(16) It is desirable in the first instance to provide users of homeo pathic medicinal products with a very clear indication of their homeopathic character and with sufficient guarantees of their quality and safety.
(17) The rules relating to the manufacture, control and inspection of homeopathic veterinary medicinal products must be harmonised to permit the circulation throughout the Community of medicinal products which are safe and of good quality.
(18) Having regard to the particular characteristics of these homeo pathic veterinary medicinal products, such as the very low level of active principles they contain and the difficulty of applying to them the conventional statistical methods relating to clinical trials, it is desirable to provide a special, simplified registration procedure for those traditional homeopathic medicinal products which are placed on the market without therapeutic indications in a pharmaceutical form and dosage which do not present a risk for the animal.
(19) The usual rules governing the authorization to market veterinary medicinal products must be applied to homeopathic veterinary medicinal products marketed with therapeutic indications or in a form which may present risks which must be balanced against the desired therapeutic effect. Member States should be able to apply particular rules for the evaluation of the results of tests and trials intended to establish the safety and efficacy of these medicinal products for pet animals and exotic species, provided that they notify them to the Commission.
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(20) In order to better protect human and animal health and avoid any unnecessary duplication of effort during the examination of appli cation for a marketing authorization, Member States should systematically prepare assessment reports in respect of each veterinary medicinal product which is authorized by them, and exchange the reports upon request. Furthermore, a Member State should be able to suspend the examination of an application for authorization to place a veterinary medicinal product on the market which is currently under active consideration in another Member State with a view to recognizing the decision reached by the latter Member State.
(21) In order to facilitate the movement of veterinary medicinal products and to prevent the checks carried out in one Member State from being repeated in another, minimum requirements for manufacture and imports from third countries, and the grant of corresponding authorizations, should be applied to veterinary medicinal products.
(22) The quality of veterinary medicinal products manufactured within the Community should be guaranteed by requiring compliance with the principles of good manufacturing practice for medicinal products irrespective of the final destination of the medicinal products.
(23) Measures should also be taken to ensure that distributors of veterinary medicinal products are authorized by Member States and maintain adequate records.
(24) Standards and protocols for the performance of tests and trials on veterinary medicinal products are an effective means of control of these products and, hence, of protecting public health and can facilitate the movement of these products by laying down uniform rules applicable to tests and the compilation of dossiers, allowing the competent authorities to arrive at their decisions on the basis of uniform tests and by reference to uniform criteria, and therefore helping to obviate differences in evaluation.
(25) It is advisable to stipulate more precisely the cases in which the results of pharmacological and toxicological tests or clinical trials do not have to be provided with a view to obtaining authorization for a veterinary medicinal product which is essentially similar to an innovative product, while ensuring that innovative forms are not placed at a disadvantage. However, there are reasons of public policy for not repeating tests carried out on animals without overriding cause.
(26) Following the establishment of the internal market, specific controls to guarantee the quality of veterinary medicinal products imported from third countries can be waived only if appropriate arrangements have been made by the Community to ensure that the necessary controls are carried out in the exporting country.
(27) In order to ensure the continued safety of veterinary medicinal products in use, it is necessary to ensure that pharmacovigilance systems in the Community are continually adapted to take account of scientific and technical progress.
(28) For public health protection, relevant data on adverse effects in humans related to the use of veterinary medicines should be collected and evaluated.
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(29) The pharmacovigilance systems should consider the available data on lack of efficacy.
(30) In addition, collection of information on adverse reactions due to off-label use, investigations of the validity of the withdrawal period and on potential environmental problems may contribute to improve regular monitoring of good usage of veterinary medicines.
(31) It is necessary to take account of changes arising as a result of international harmonisation of definitions, terminology and tech nological developments in the field of pharmacovigilance.
(32) The increasing use of electronic means of communication of information on adverse reactions to veterinary medicinal products marketed in the Community is intended to allow a single reporting point for adverse reactions, at the same time ensuring that this information is shared with the competent authorities in all Member States.
(33) It is the interest of the Community to ensure that the veterinary pharmacovigilance systems for centrally authorised medicinal products and those authorised by other procedures are consistent.
(34) Holders of marketing authorisations should be proactively responsible for ongoing pharmacovigilance of the veterinary medicinal products they place on the market.
(35) The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission (1).
(36) In order to improve the protection of public health, it is necessary to specify that foodstuffs for human consumption may not be taken from animals which have been used in clinical trials of veterinary medicinal products unless a maximum residue limit has been laid down for residues of the veterinary medicinal product concerned in accordance with the provisions of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 of 26 June 1990 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (2).
(37) The Commission should be empowered to adopt the changes necessary in order to adapt Annex I to scientific and technical progress.
(38) This Directive should be without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States concerning the time-limits for transposition of the Directives set out in Annex II, Part B,
▼B
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(1) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23. (2) OJ L 224, 18.8.1990, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Commission
Regulation (EC) No 1274/2001 (OJ L 175, 28.6.2001, p. 14).
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
TITLE I
DEFINITIONS
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive, the following terms shall bear the following meanings:
▼M1 __________
2. Veterinary medicinal product:
(a) any substance or combination of substances presented as having properties for treating or preventing disease in animals; or
(b) any substance or combination of substances which may be used in or administered to animals with a view either to restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, or to making a medical diagnosis.
__________
▼B 4. Substance:
Any matter irrespective of origin which may be:
— human, e.g.
human blood and human blood products;
— animal, e.g.
micro-organisms, whole animals, parts of organs, animal secretions, toxins, extracts, blood products;
— vegetable, e.g.
micro-organisms, plants, parts of plants, vegetable secretions, extracts;
— chemical, e.g.
elements, naturally occurring chemical materials and chemical products obtained by chemical change or synthesis.
5. Pre-mix for medicated feedingstuffs:
Any veterinary medicinal product prepared in advance with a view to the subsequent manufacture of medicated feedingstuffs.
6. Medicated feedingstuffs:
Any mixture of a veterinary medicinal product or products and feed or feeds which is ready prepared for marketing and intended to be fed to animals without further processing, because of its curative or preventive properties or other properties as a medicinal product covered by point 2.
7. Immunological veterinary medicinal product:
A veterinary medicinal product administered to animals in order to produce active or passive immunity or to diagnose the state of immunity.
▼B
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8. Homeopathic veterinary medicinal product:
Any veterinary medicinal product prepared from substances called homeopathic stocks in accordance with a homeopathic manufacturing procedure described by the European Pharmacopoeia or, in the absence thereof, by the pharmacopoeias currently used officially in Member States. A homeopathic veterinary medicinal product may contain a number of principles.
9. Withdrawal period:
The period necessary between the last administration of the veterinary medicinal product to animals, under normal conditions of use and in accordance with the provisions of this Directive, and the production of foodstuffs from such animals, in order to protect public health by ensuring that such foodstuffs do not contain residues in quantities in excess of the maximum residue limits for active substances laid down pursuant to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90.
10. Adverse reaction:
A reaction to a veterinary medicinal product which is harmful and unintended and which occurs at doses normally used in animals for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment of disease or to restore, correct or modify a physiological function.
▼B 11. Human adverse reaction:
A reaction which is noxious and unintended and which occurs in a human being following exposure to a veterinary medicine.
12. Serious adverse reaction:
An adverse reaction which results in death, is life-threatening, results in significant disability or incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or which results in permanent or prolonged signs in the animals treated.
13. Unexpected adverse reaction:
An adverse reaction, the nature, severity or outcome of which is not consistent with the summary of the product characteristics.
14. Periodic safety update reports:
The periodical reports containing the records referred to in Article 75.
15. Post-marketing surveillance studies:
Pharmacoepidemiological study or a clinical trial carried out in accordance with the terms of the marketing authorization, conducted with the aim of identifying and investigating a safety hazard relating to an authorized veterinary medicinal product.
16. Off-label use:
The use of a veterinary medicinal product that is not in accordance with the summary of the product characteristics, including the misuse and serious abuse of the product.
▼M1
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17. Wholesale dealing in veterinary medicinal products:
Any activity which includes the purchase, sale, import, export, or any other commercial transaction in veterinary medicinal products, whether or not for profit, except for:
— the supply by a manufacturer of veterinary medicinal products manufactured by himself,
— retail supplies of veterinary medicinal products by persons entitled to carry out such supplies in accordance with Article 66.
▼M1 17a. Representative of the marketing authorisation holder:
The person, commonly known as local representative, designated by the marketing authorisation holder to represent him in the Member State concerned.
18. Agency:
The European Medicines Agency established by Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 (1).
19. Risks relating to use of the product:
— any risk relating to the quality, safety and efficacy of the veterinary medicinal products as regards animal or human health;
— any risk of undesirable effects on the environment.
20. Risk/benefit balance:
An evaluation of the positive therapeutic effects of the veterinary medicinal product in relation to the risks as defined above.
21. Veterinary prescription:
Any prescription for a veterinary medicinal product issued by a profes sional person qualified to do so in accordance with applicable national law.
22. Name of veterinary medicinal product:
The name, which may be either an invented name not liable to confusion with the common name, or a common or scientific name accompanied by a trademark or the name of the marketing authorisation holder.
23. Common name:
The international non-proprietary name recommended by the World Health Organisation, or, if one does not exist, the usual common name.
24. Strength:
The content of active substances, expressed quantitatively per dosage unit, per unit of volume or weight according to the dosage form.
25. Immediate packaging:
The container or any other form of packaging that is in direct contact with the medicinal product.
26. Outer packaging:
The packaging into which is placed the immediate packaging.
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(1) OJ L 136, 30.4.2004, p. 1.
27. Labelling:
Information on the immediate or outer packaging.
28. Package leaflet:
The leaflet containing information for the user that accompanies the medicinal product.
▼B TITLE II
SCOPE
▼M1 Article 2
1. This Directive shall apply to veterinary medicinal products, including pre-mixes for medicated feedingstuffs, intended to be placed on the market in Member States and prepared industrially or by a method involving an industrial process.
2. In cases of doubt, where, taking into account all its characteristics, a product may fall within the definition of a ‘veterinary medicinal product’ and within the definition of a product covered by other Community legislation, the provisions of this Directive shall apply.
3. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Directive shall also apply to active substances used as starting materials to the extent set out in Articles 50, 50a, 51 and 80 and additionally to certain substances that may be used as veterinary medicinal products that have anabolic, anti- infectious, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, hormonal or psychotropic properties to the extent set out in Article 68.
Article 3
1. This Directive shall not apply to:
(a) medicated feedingstuffs as defined in Council Directive 90/167/EEC of 26 March 1990 laying down the conditions governing the prep aration, placing on the market and use of medicated feedingstuffs in the Community (1);
(b) inactivated immunological veterinary medicinal products which are manufactured from pathogens and antigens obtained from an animal or animals from a holding and used for the treatment of that animal or the animals of that holding in the same locality;
(c) veterinary medicinal products based on radio-active isotopes;
(d) any additives covered by Council Directive 70/524/EEC of 23 November 1970 concerning additives in feedingstuffs (2) where they are incorporated in animal feedingstuffs and supplementary animal feedingstuffs in accordance with that Directive; and
(e) without prejudice to Article 95, medicinal products for veterinary use intended for research and development trials.
However, medicated feedingstuffs referred to in subparagraph (a) may be prepared only from pre-mixes that have been authorised under this Directive.
▼M1
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(1) OJ L 92, 7.4.1990, p. 42. (2) OJ L 270, 14.12.1970, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Regulation (EC)
No 1756/2002 (OJ L 265, 3.10.2002, p. 1).
2. Except for the provisions on the possession, prescription, dispensing and administration of veterinary medicinal products, this Directive shall not apply to:
(a) any medicinal product prepared in a pharmacy in accordance with a veterinary prescription for an individual animal or a small group of animals, commonly known as the magistral formula; and
(b) any medicinal product prepared in a pharmacy in accordance with the prescriptions of a pharmacopoeia and intended to be supplied directly to the end-user, commonly known as the officinal formula.
▼B
Article 4
1. Member States may provide that this Directive shall not apply to non-inactivated immunological veterinary medicinal products which are manufactured from pathogens and antigens obtained from an animal or animals from a holding and used for the treatment of that animal or the animals of that holding in the same locality.
▼M1 2. In the case of veterinary medicinal products intended solely for aquarium fish, cage birds, homing pigeons, terrarium animals, small rodents, and ferrets and rabbits kept exclusively as pets, Member States may permit exemptions, in their territory, from the provisions in Articles 5 to 8, provided that such products do not contain substances the use of which requires veterinary control and that all possible measures are taken to prevent unauthorised use of the products for other animals.
▼B
TITLE III
MARKETING
CHAPTER 1
Marketing authorization
▼M1
Article 5
1. No veterinary medicinal product may be placed on the market of a Member State unless a marketing authorisation has been granted by the competent authorities of that Member State in accordance with this Directive or a marketing authorisation has been granted in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 726/2004.
When a veterinary medicinal product has been granted an initial auth orisation in accordance with the first subparagraph, any additional species, strengths, pharmaceutical forms, administration routes, presen tations, as well as any variations and extensions, shall also be granted an authorisation in accordance with the first subparagraph or be included in the initial marketing authorisation. All these marketing auth orisations shall be considered as belonging to the same global marketing authorisation, in particular for the purpose of the application of Article 13(1).
2. The marketing authorisation holder shall be responsible for the marketing of the medicinal product. The designation of a representative shall not relieve the marketing authorisation holder of his legal respon sibility.
▼M1
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Article 6
1. A veterinary medicinal product may not be the subject of a marketing authorisation for the purpose of administering it to one or more food-producing species unless the pharmacologically active substances which it contains appear in Annexes I, II or III to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90.
2. If an amendment to the Annexes to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 so warrants, the marketing authorisation holder or, where appropriate, the competent authorities shall take all necessary measures to amend or revoke the marketing authorisation within 60 days of the date on which the amendment to the Annexes to that Regulation was published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
3. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, a veterinary medicinal product containing pharmacologically active substances not included in Annexes I, II or III to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 may be authorised for particular animals of the equidae family that have been declared, in accordance with Commission Decision 93/623/EEC of 20 October 1993 establishing the identification document (passport) accompanying registered equidae (1) and Commission Decision 2000/68/EC of 22 December 1999 amending Decision 93/623/EEC and establishing the identification of equidae for breeding and production (2), as not being intended for slaughter for human consumption. Such veterinary medicinal products shall neither include active substances that appear in Annex IV to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 nor be intended for use in the treatment of conditions, as detailed in the authorised Summary of Product Characteristics, for which a veterinary medicinal product is authorised for animals of the equidae family.
▼B
Article 7
Where the health situation so requires, a Member State may authorise the marketing or administration to animals of veterinary medicinal products which have been authorized by another Member State in accordance with this Directive.
▼M1
Article 8
In the event of serious epizootic diseases, Member States may provi sionally allow the use of immunological veterinary medicinal products without a marketing authorisation, in the absence of a suitable medicinal product and after informing the Commission of the detailed conditions of use.
The Commission may avail itself of the option set out in the first paragraph when explicit provision is made for that option under Community rules concerning certain serious epizootic diseases.
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(1) OJ L 298, 3.12.1993, p. 45. Decision as amended by Commission Decision 2000/68/EC (OJ L 23, 28.1.2000, p. 72).
(2) OJ L 23, 28.1.2000, p. 72.
If an animal is being imported from, or exported to, a third country and is thereby subject to specific binding health rules, a Member State may permit the use, for the animal in question, of an immunological veterinary medicinal product that is not covered by a marketing auth orisation in the Member State in question but is authorised under the legislation of the third country. Member States shall take all appropriate measures concerning the supervision of the importation and the use of such immunological products.
▼B
Article 9
No veterinary medicinal product may be administered to animals unless the marketing authorization has been issued, except for the tests of veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 12(3)(j) which have been accepted by the competent national authorities, following notification or authorization, in accordance with the national rules in force.
▼M1
Article 10
1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that, if there is no authorised veterinary medicinal product in a Member State for a condition affecting a non food-producing species, by way of exception, the veterinarian responsible may, under his/her direct personal responsibility and in particular to avoid causing unacceptable suffering, treat the animal concerned with:
(a) a veterinary medicinal product authorised in the Member State concerned under this Directive or under Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 for use with another animal species, or for another condition in the same species; or
(b) if there is no product as referred to in point (a), either:
(i) a medicinal product authorised for human use in the Member State concerned in accordance with Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council or under Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, or
(ii) in accordance with specific national measures, a veterinary medicinal product authorised in another Member State in accordance with this Directive for use in the same species or in another species for the condition in question or for another condition; or
(c) if there is no product as referred to in subparagraph (b), and within the limits of the law of the Member State concerned, a veterinary medicinal product prepared extemporaneously by a person auth orised to do so under national legislation in accordance with the terms of a veterinary prescription.
The veterinarian may administer the medicinal product personally or allow another person to do so under the veterinarian's responsibility.
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2. By way of derogation from Article 11, the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall also apply to the treatment by a veterinarian of an animal belonging to the equidae family provided that it has been declared, in accordance with Commission Decisions 93/623/EEC and 2000/68/EC, as not being intended for slaughter for human consumption.
▼M3 3. By way of derogation from Article 11, the Commission shall establish a list of substances:
— which are essential for the treatment of equidae, or
— which bring added clinical benefit compared to other treatment options available for equidae,
and for which the withdrawal period shall not be less than six months according to the control mechanisms laid down in Decisions 93/623/EEC and 2000/68/EC.
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼M1
Article 11
1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that, if there is no authorised veterinary medicinal product in a Member State for a condition affecting a food-producing species, by way of exception, the veterinarian responsible may, under his direct personal responsibility and in particular to avoid causing unacceptable suffering, treat the animals concerned on a particular holding with:
(a) a veterinary medicinal product authorised in the Member State concerned under this Directive or under Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 for use with another animal species, or for another condition in the same species; or
(b) if there is no product as referred to in point (a), either:
(i) a medicinal product for human use authorised in the Member State concerned in accordance with Directive 2001/83/EC or under Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, or
(ii) a veterinary medicinal product authorised in another Member State in accordance with this Directive for use in the same species or in another food-producing species for the condition in question or for another condition; or
(c) if there is no product as referred to in subparagraph (b), and within the limits of the law of the Member State concerned, a veterinary medicinal product prepared extemporaneously by a person auth orised to do so under national legislation in accordance with the terms of a veterinary prescription.
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The veterinarian may administer the medicinal product personally or allow another person to do so under the veterinarian's responsibility.
2. Paragraph 1 shall apply provided that pharmacologically active substances included in the medicinal product are listed in Annex I, II or III to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90, and that the veterinarian specifies an appropriate withdrawal period.
Unless the medicinal product used indicates a withdrawal period for the species concerned, the specified withdrawal period shall not be less than:
— 7 days for eggs,
— 7 days for milk,
— 28 days for meat from poultry and mammals including fat and offal,
— 500 degree-days for fish meat.
▼M3 The Commission may modify these withdrawal periods or establish other withdrawal periods. In so doing, the Commission may differentiate between foodstuffs, species, routes of administration and annexes to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼M1 3. With regard to homeopathic veterinary medicinal products in which active principles figure in Annex II to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90, the withdrawal period referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 2 shall be reduced to zero.
4. When a veterinarian has recourse to the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, he shall keep adequate records of the date of examination of the animals, details of the owner, the number of animals treated, the diagnosis, the medicinal products prescribed, the doses administered, the duration of treatment and the withdrawal periods recommended, and shall make these records available for inspection by the competent authorities for a period of at least five years.
5. Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Directive, Member States shall take all necessary measures concerning the import, distribution, dispensing of and information on the medicinal products which they permit for administration to food-producing animals in accordance with paragraph 1(b)(ii).
Article 12
1. For the purposes of obtaining a marketing authorisation in respect of a veterinary medicinal product, otherwise than under the procedure established by Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, an application shall be lodged with the competent authority of the Member State concerned.
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In the case of veterinary medicinal products which are intended for one or more food-producing species but whose pharmacologically active substances have not yet been included, for the species in question, in Annexes I, II or III to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90, a marketing authorisation may not be applied for until after a valid application has been made for the establishment of maximum residue limits in accordance with that Regulation. At least six months shall elapse between a valid application for the establishment of maximum residue limits and an application for a marketing authorisation.
However, in the case of veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 6(3), a marketing authorisation may be applied for without a valid application in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90. All the scientific documentation necessary for the demonstration of the quality, safety and efficacy of the veterinary medicinal product, as provided for in paragraph 3, shall be submitted.
2. A marketing authorisation may only be granted to an applicant established in the Community.
3. The application for marketing authorisation shall include all the administrative information and scientific documentation necessary for demonstrating the quality, safety and efficacy of the veterinary medicinal product in question. The file shall be submitted in accordance with Annex I and shall contain, in particular, the following information:
(a) name or business name and permanent address or registered place of business of the person responsible for placing the product on the market and, if different, of the manufacturer or manufacturers involved and of the sites of manufacture;
(b) name of veterinary medicinal product;
(c) qualitative and quantitative particulars of all the constituents of the veterinary medicinal product, including its international non- proprietary name (INN) recommended by the WHO, where an INN exists, or its chemical name;
(d) description of the method of manufacture;
(e) therapeutic indications, contra-indications and adverse reactions;
(f) dosage for the various species of animal for which the veterinary medicinal product is intended, its pharmaceutical form, method and route of administration and proposed shelf life;
(g) reasons for any precautionary and safety measures to be taken when storing the veterinary medicinal product, administering it to animals and disposing of waste, together with an indication of potential risks that the veterinary medicinal product might pose to the environment, to human and animal health and to plants;
(h) indication of the withdrawal period in the case of medicinal products intended for food-producing species;
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(i) description of the testing methods employed by the manufacturer;
(j) results of:
— pharmaceutical (physico-chemical, biological or microbi ological) tests,
— safety tests and residue tests,
— pre-clinical and clinical trials;
— tests assessing the potential risks posed by the medicinal product for the environment. This impact shall be studied and consideration shall be given on a case-by-case basis to specific provisions seeking to limit it.
(k) a detailed description of the pharmacovigilance system and, where appropriate, the risk management system that the applicant will put in place;
(l) a summary in accordance with Article 14 of the product char acteristics, a mock-up of the immediate packaging and the outer packaging of the veterinary medicinal product, together with the package leaflet, in accordance with Articles 58 to 61;
(m) a document showing that the manufacturer is authorised in his own country to produce veterinary medicinal products;
(n) copies of any marketing authorisation obtained in another Member State or in a third country for the relevant veterinary medicinal product, together with a list of those Member States in which an application for authorisation submitted in accordance with this Directive is under examination. Copies of the summary of the product characteristics proposed by the applicant in accordance with Article 14 or approved by the competent authority of the Member State in accordance with Article 25 and copies of the package insert proposed, details of any decision to refuse authori sation, whether in the Community or a third country and the reasons for that decision. All this information shall be updated on a regular basis;
(o) proof that the applicant has the services of a qualified person responsible for pharmacovigilance and has the necessary means for the notification of any adverse reaction suspected of occurring either in the Community or in a third country;
(p) in the case of veterinary medicinal products intended for one or more food-producing species and containing one or more phar macologically active substances not yet included, for the species in question, in Annexes I, II or III to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90, a document certifying that a valid application for the establishment of maximum residue limits has been submitted to the Agency in accordance with the aforementioned Regulation.
The documents and particulars relating to the results of the tests referred to in point (j) of the first subparagraph shall be accompanied by detailed and critical summaries, drawn up as specified in Article 15.
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Article 13
1. By way of derogation from point (j) of the first subparagraph of Article 12(3), and without prejudice to the law relating to the protection of industrial and commercial property, the applicant shall not be required to provide the results of the safety and residue tests or of the pre-clinical and clinical trials if he can demonstrate that the medicinal product is a generic of a reference medicinal product which is or has been authorised under Article 5 for not less than eight years in a Member State or the Community.
A generic veterinary medicinal product authorised pursuant to this provision shall not be placed on the market until ten years have elapsed from the initial authorisation of the reference product.
The first subparagraph shall also apply when the reference medicinal product was not authorised in the Member State in which the appli cation for the generic medicinal product is submitted. In this case, the applicant shall indicate in the application the Member State in which the reference medicinal product is or has been authorised. At the request of the competent authority of the Member State in which the application is submitted, the competent authority of the other Member State shall transmit, within a period of one month, confirmation that the reference medicinal product is or has been authorised together with the full composition of the reference product and if necessary other relevant documentation.
▼M5 However, the 10-year period provided for in the second subparagraph shall be extended to 13 years in the case of veterinary medicinal products for fish or bees or other species designated by the Commission.
That measure, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼M1 2. For the purposes of this Article:
(a) ‘reference medicinal product’ shall mean a product authorised within the meaning of Article 5 in accordance with the provisions of Article 12;
(b) ‘generic medicinal product’ shall mean a medicinal product which has the same qualitative and quantitative composition in active substances and the same pharmaceutical form as the reference medicinal product, and whose bioequivalence with the reference medicinal product has been demonstrated by appropriate bioavail ability studies. The different salts, esters, ethers, isomers, mixtures of isomers, complexes or derivatives of an active substance shall be considered to be the same active substance, unless they differ significantly in properties with regard to safety and/or efficacy. In such cases, additional information intended to provide proof of the safety and/or efficacy of the various salts, esters or derivatives of an authorised active substance must be supplied by the applicant. The various immediate-release oral pharmaceutical forms shall be considered to be one and the same pharmaceutical form. Bioavail ability studies need not be required of the applicant if he can demonstrate that the generic medicinal product meets the relevant criteria as defined in the appropriate detailed guidelines.
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3. In cases where the veterinary medicinal product does not fall under the definition of a generic medicinal product set out in paragraph 2(b) or where bio-equivalence cannot be demonstrated through bioavailability studies or in the case of changes to the active substance(s), therapeutic indications, strength, pharmaceutical form or route of administration vis-à-vis the reference medicinal product, the results of the appropriate safety and residue tests and pre-clinical tests or clinical trials shall be provided.
4. Where a biological veterinary medicinal product which is similar to a reference biological veterinary medicinal product does not meet the conditions in the definition of generic medicinal products, owing to, in particular, differences relating to raw materials or in manufacturing processes of the biological veterinary medicinal product and the reference biological veterinary medicinal product, the results of appro priate pre-clinical tests or clinical trials relating to these conditions must be provided. The type and quantity of supplementary data to be provided must comply with the relevant criteria stated in Annex I and the related detailed guidelines. The results of other tests and trials from the reference medicinal product's dossier shall not be provided.
5. In the case of veterinary medicinal products intended for one or more food-producing species and containing a new active substance that has not been authorised in the Community by 30 April 2004 the ten- year period provided for in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1 shall be extended by one year for each extension of the marketing authorisation to another food-producing species, if it is authorised within the five years following the granting of the initial marketing authorisation.
This period shall not, however, exceed a total of 13 years, for a marketing authorisation for four or more food-producing species.
The extension of the ten-year period to 11, 12, or 13 years for a veterinary medicinal product intended for food-producing species shall be granted only if the marketing authorisation holder also originally applied for determination of the maximum residue limits established for the species covered by the authorisation.
6. Conducting the necessary studies, tests and trials with a view to the application of paragraphs 1 to 5 and the consequential practical requirements shall not be regarded as contrary to patent-related rights or to supplementary-protection certificates for medicinal products.
Article 13a
1. By way of derogation from point (j) of the first subparagraph of Article 12(3), and without prejudice to the law on the protection of industrial and commercial property, the applicant shall not be required to provide the results of safety and residue tests or of pre-clinical tests or clinical trials if he can demonstrate that the active substances of the veterinary medicinal product have been in well-established veterinary use within the Community for at least ten years, with recognised efficacy and an acceptable level of safety in terms of the conditions set out in Annex I. In that event, the applicant shall provide appropriate scientific literature.
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2. The assessment report published by the Agency following the evaluation of an application for the establishment of maximum residue limits in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 may be used in an appropriate manner as literature, particularly for the safety tests.
3. If an applicant makes use of scientific literature to obtain auth orisation for a food-producing species, and submits, in respect of the same medicinal product and with a view to obtaining authorisation for another food-producing species, new residue studies in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90, together with further clinical trials, it shall not be permissible for a third party to use such studies or such trials pursuant to Article 13, for a period of three years from the grant of the authorisation for which they were carried out.
Article 13b
In the case of veterinary medicinal products containing active substances used in the composition of authorised veterinary medicinal products but not hitherto used in combination for therapeutic purposes, the results of safety and residue tests, if necessary, and new pre-clinical tests or new clinical trials relating to that combination shall be provided in accordance with point (j) of the first subparagraph of Article 12(3), but it shall not be necessary to provide scientific references relating to each individual active substance.
Article 13c
After the marketing authorisation has been granted, the marketing auth orisation holder may allow use to be made of the pharmaceutical, safety and residues, pre-clinical and clinical documentation contained in the file for the veterinary medicinal product with a view to examining a subsequent application for a veterinary medicinal product having the same qualitative and quantitative composition in active substances and the same pharmaceutical form.
Article 13d
By way of derogation from point (j) of the first subparagraph of Article 12(3), and in exceptional circumstances with respect to immu nological veterinary medicinal products, the applicant shall not be required to provide the results of certain field trials on the target species if these trials cannot be carried out for duly substantiated reasons, in particular on account of other Community provisions.
Article 14
The summary of the product characteristics shall contain, in the order indicated below, the following information:
1) name of the veterinary medicinal product followed by the strength and the pharmaceutical form;
2) qualitative and quantitative composition in terms of the active substances and constituents of the excipient, knowledge of which is essential for proper administration of the medicinal product. The usual common name or chemical description shall be used;
3) pharmaceutical form;
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4) clinical particulars:
4.1. target species,
4.2. indications for use, specifying the target species,
4.3. contra-indications,
4.4. special warnings for each target species,
4.5. special precautions for use, including special precautions to be taken by the person administering the medicinal product to the animals,
4.6. adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness),
4.7. use during pregnancy, lactation or lay,
4.8. interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction,
4.9. amounts to be administered and administration route,
4.10. overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary,
4.11. withdrawal periods for the various foodstuffs, including those for which the withdrawal period is zero;
5) pharmacological properties:
5.1. pharmacodynamic properties,
5.2. pharmacokinetic particulars;
6) pharmaceutical particulars:
6.1. list of excipients,
6.2. major incompatibilities,
6.3. shelf life, when necessary after reconstitution of the medicinal product or when the immediate packaging is opened for the first time,
6.4. special precautions for storage,
6.5. nature and composition of immediate packaging,
6.6. special precautions for the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal products or waste materials derived from the use of such products, if appropriate;
7) marketing authorisation holder;
8) marketing authorisation number(s);
9) date of the first authorisation or date of renewal of the authori sation;
10) date of revision of the text.
For authorisation under Article 13, those parts of the summary of product characteristics of the reference medicinal product referring to indications or dosage forms which were still covered by patent law at the time when a generic medicine was marketed need not be included.
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Article 15
1. Applicants shall ensure that the detailed and critical summaries referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 12(3) are drafted and signed by persons with the requisite technical or professional qualifications, set out in a brief curriculum vitae, before being submitted to the competent authorities.
2. Persons with the technical or professional qualifications referred to in paragraph 1 shall justify any use made of the scientific literature referred to in Article 13a(1) in accordance with the conditions set out in Annex I.
3. A brief curriculum vitae of the persons referred to in paragraph 1 shall be appended to the detailed critical summaries.
▼B CHAPTER 2
Particular provisions applicable to homeopathic veterinary medicinal products
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Article 16
1. Member States shall ensure that homeopathic veterinary medicinal products manufactured and placed on the market within the Community are registered or authorised in accordance with Articles 17, 18 and 19, except where such veterinary medicinal products are covered by a regis tration or authorisation granted in accordance with national legislation on or before 31 December 1993. In the case of homeopathic medicinal products registered in accordance with Article 17, Article 32 and Article 33(1) to (3) shall apply.
2. Member States shall establish a simplified registration procedure for the homeopathic veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 17.
3. By way of derogation from Article 10, homeopathic veterinary medicinal products may be administered to non-food producing animals under the responsibility of a veterinarian.
4. By way of derogation from Article 11(1) and (2), Member States shall permit the administration of homeopathic veterinary medicinal products intended for food-producing species the active constituents of which appear in Annex II to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 under the responsibility of a veterinarian. Member States shall take appropriate measures to control the use of veterinary homeopathic medicinal products registered or authorised in another Member State in accordance with this Directive for use in the same species.
▼B
Article 17
▼M1 1. Without prejudice to the provisions of Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 on the establishment of maximum residue limits of pharmacologically active substances intended for food-producing animals, only homeopathic veterinary medicinal products which satisfy all of the following conditions may be subject to a special, simplified registration procedure:
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(a) they are administered by a route described in the European Phar macopoeia or, in the absence thereof, by the pharmacopoeias currently used officially in Member States;
(b) no specific therapeutic indication appears on the labelling of the veterinary medicinal product or in any information relating thereto;
(c) there is a sufficient degree of dilution to guarantee the safety of the medicinal product. In particular, the medicinal product shall not contain more than one part per 10 000 of the mother tincture.
▼M5 If it appears justified in the light of new scientific evidence, the Commission may adapt points (b) and (c) of the first subparagraph. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼M1 At the time of registration, Member States shall determine the classifi cation for the dispensing of the medicinal product.
▼B 2. The criteria and rules of procedure provided for in Chapter 3, with the exception of Article 25, shall apply by analogy to the special, simplified registration procedure for homeopathic veterinary medicinal products referred to in paragraph 1, with the exception of the proof of therapeutic effect.
▼M1 __________
▼B Article 18
A special, simplified application for registration may cover a series of medicinal products derived from the same homeopathic stock or stocks. The following documents shall be included with the application in order to demonstrate, in particular, the pharmaceutical quality and the batch- to-batch homogeneity of the products concerned:
— scientific name or other name given in a pharmacopoeia of the homeopathic stock or stocks, together with a statement of the various routes of administration, pharmaceutical forms and degree of dilution to be registered,
— dossier describing how the homeopathic stock or stocks is/are obtained and controlled, and justifying its/their homeopathic nature, on the basis of an adequate bibliography; in the case of homeopathic veterinary medicinal products containing biological substances, a description of the measures taken to ensure the absence of pathogens,
▼M1 — manufacturing and control file for each pharmaceutical form and a
description of the method of dilution and potentisation,
▼B — manufacturing authorization for the medicinal products concerned,
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— copies of any registrations or authorizations obtained for the same medicinal products in other Member States,
▼M1 — one or more mock-ups of the outer packaging and immediate
packaging of the medicinal products to be registered,
▼B — data concerning the stability of the medicinal product,
▼M1 — proposed withdrawal period together with all requisite justification.
Article 19
1. Homeopathic veterinary medicinal products other than those referred to in Article 17(1) shall be authorised in accordance with Articles 12, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d and 14.
2. A Member State may introduce or retain on its territory specific rules for the safety tests and pre-clinical and clinical trials of homeopathic veterinary medicinal products intended for pet species and non-food- producing exotic species other than those referred to in Article 17(1), in accordance with the principles and characteristics of homeopathy as practised in that Member State. In this case, the Member State concerned shall notify the Commission of the specific rules in force.
▼B
Article 20
This Chapter shall not apply to immunological homeopathic veterinary medicinal products.
The provisions of titles VI and VII shall apply to homeopathic veterinary medicinal products.
CHAPTER 3
Procedure for marketing authorization
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Article 21
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the procedure for granting a marketing authorisation for a veterinary medicinal product is completed within a maximum of 210 days after the submission of a valid application.
Applications for marketing authorisations for the same veterinary medicinal product in two or more Member States, shall be submitted in accordance with Articles 31 to 43.
2. Where a Member State notes that another marketing authorisation application for the same medicinal product is being examined in another Member State, the Member State concerned shall decline to assess the application and shall advise the applicant that Articles 31 to 43 apply.
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Article 22
Where a Member State is informed, in accordance with point (n) of Article 12(3), that another Member State has authorised a veterinary medicinal product which is the subject of an application for authorisation in the Member State concerned, that Member State shall reject the appli cation unless it was submitted in compliance with Articles 31 to 43.
Article 23
In order to examine the application submitted pursuant to Articles 12 to 13d, Member States' competent authorities:
1) shall check that the documentation submitted in support of the appli cation complies with Articles 12 to 13d and ascertain whether the conditions for the issue of the marketing authorisation have been fulfilled;
2) may submit the medicinal product, its starting materials and if necessary intermediate products or other constituent materials for testing by an Official Medicines Control Laboratory or a laboratory that a Member State has designated for that purpose, in order to ensure that the testing methods employed by the manufacturer and described in the application documents, in accordance with point (i) of the first subparagraph of Article 12(3), are satisfactory;
3) may similarly check, in particular through consultation of a national or Community reference laboratory, that the analytical method used for detecting residues presented by the applicant for the purposes of Article 12(3)(j), second indent is satisfactory;
4) may, where appropriate, require the applicant to provide further information as regards the items listed in Articles 12, 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d. Where the competent authorities take this course of action, the time-limits specified in Article 21 shall be suspended until the further data required have been provided. Similarly, these time-limits shall be suspended for any period which the applicant may be given to provide oral or written explanations.
▼B
Article 24
Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that:
(a) the competent authorities ascertain that the manufacturers and importers of veterinary medicinal products from third countries are able to manufacture them in compliance with the details supplied pursuant to Article 12(3)(d), and/or to carry out control tests in accordance with the methods described in the application documents under Article 12(3)(i);
(b) the competent authorities may authorize manufacturers and importers of veterinary medicinal products from third countries, where circumstances so justify, to have certain stages of manu facture and/or certain of the control tests referred to in (a) carried out by third parties; in such cases, checks by the competent authorities shall also be carried out in the establishments concerned.
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Article 25
1. When granting a marketing authorisation, the competent authority shall inform the holder of the summary of product characteristics that it has approved.
2. The competent authority shall take all necessary measures to ensure that information concerning the veterinary medicinal product, and in particular the labelling and package leaflet, is in conformity with the summary of product characteristics approved when the marketing authorisation was granted or subsequently.
3. The competent authority shall make the marketing authorisation publicly available without delay, together with the summary of product characteristics for each veterinary medicinal product that it has auth orised.
4. The competent authority shall draw up an assessment report and comments on the file as regards the results of the pharmaceutical, safety and residue tests and the pre-clinical and clinical trials of the veterinary medicinal product concerned. The assessment report shall be updated whenever new information becomes available which is of importance for the evaluation of the quality, safety or efficacy of the veterinary medicinal product concerned.
The competent authority shall make the assessment report and its reasons for the opinion publicly available without delay, after deleting any information of a commercially confidential nature.
▼B
Article 26
▼M1 1. The marketing authorisation may require the holder to indicate on the immediate packaging and/or the outer wrapping and the package leaflet, where the latter is required, other particulars essential for safety or health protection, including any special precautions relating to use and any other warnings resulting from the clinical and pharmacological trials prescribed in Article 12(3)(j) and in Articles 13 to 13d or from experience gained during the use of the veterinary medicinal product once it has been marketed.
__________
3. In exceptional circumstances, and following consultation with the applicant, the authorisation may be granted subject to a requirement for the applicant to introduce specific procedures, in particular concerning the safety of the veterinary medicinal product, notification to the competent authorities of any incident relating to its use, and action to be taken. Such authorisations may be granted only for objective, verifiable reasons. Continuation of the authorisation shall be linked to the annual reassessment of these conditions.
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Article 27
1. After a marketing authorization has been issued, the holder must, in respect of the manufacturing methods and control methods provided for in Article 12(3)(d) and (i), take account of scientific and technical progress and introduce any changes that may be required to enable that veterinary medicinal product to be manufactured and checked by means of generally accepted scientific methods.
These changes shall be subject to the approval of the competent authorities of the Member State concerned.
▼M1 2. The competent authority may require the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder to provide sufficient quantities of the substances to enable controls to be made on the identification of the presence of residues of the veterinary medicinal products in question.
At the competent authority's request, the marketing authorisation holder shall provide his technical expertise to facilitate the implementation of the analytical method for detecting residues of the veterinary medicinal products in the national reference laboratory designated under Council Directive 96/23/EC of 29 April 1996 on measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal products (1).
3. The authorisation holder shall immediately supply the competent authority with any new information that might entail the amendment of the particulars or documents referred to in Articles 12(3), 13, 13a, 13b and 14 or Annex I.
In particular, he shall immediately inform the competent authority of any prohibition or restriction imposed by the competent authorities of any country in which the veterinary medicinal product is placed on the market and of any other new information which might influence the assessment of the benefits and risks of the veterinary medicinal product concerned.
In order to permit continuous assessment of the risk-benefit balance, the competent authority may at any time ask the marketing authorisation holder to forward data demonstrating that the risk-benefit balance remains favourable.
__________
5. The marketing authorisation holder shall immediately inform the competent authorities, with a view to authorisation, of any alteration which he proposes to make to the particulars or documents referred to in Articles 12 to 13d.
Article 27a
After a marketing authorisation has been granted, the holder of the authorisation shall inform the competent authority of the authorising Member State of the date of the actual placing on the market of the veterinary medicinal product in that Member State, taking into account the various presentations authorised.
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(1) OJ L 125, 23.5.1996, p. 10. Directive as amended by Regulation (EC) No 806/2003 (OJ L 122, 16.5.2003, p. 1).
The holder shall also notify the competent authority if the product ceases to be placed on the market of the Member State, either temporarily or permanently. Such notification shall, otherwise than in exceptional circumstances, be made no less than two months before the interruption in the placing on the market of the product.
Upon request by the competent authority, particularly in the context of pharmacovigilance, the marketing authorisation holder shall provide the competent authority with all data relating to the volume of sales of the veterinary medicinal product, and any data in his possession relating to the volume of prescriptions.
▼M4
Article 27b
The Commission shall adopt appropriate arrangements for the exam ination of variations to the terms of marketing authorisations granted in accordance with this Directive.
The Commission shall adopt these arrangements in the form of an implementing regulation. That measure, designed to amend non- essential elements of this Directive, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼M1
Article 28
1. Without prejudice to paragraphs 4 and 5, a marketing authorisation shall be valid for five years.
2. The authorisation may be renewed after five years on the basis of a re-evaluation of the risk-benefit balance.
To this end, the marketing authorisation holder shall submit a consolidated list of all documents submitted in respect of quality, safety and efficacy, including all variations introduced since the marketing authorisation was granted, at least six months before the marketing authorisation ceases to be valid in accordance with paragraph 1. The competent authority may require the applicant to submit the listed documents at any time.
3. Once renewed, the marketing authorisation shall be valid for an unlimited period, unless the competent authority decides, on justified grounds relating to pharmacovigilance, to proceed with one additional five-year renewal in accordance with paragraph 2.
4. Any authorisation that is not followed within three years of its granting by the actual placing on the market of the authorised veterinary medicinal product in the authorising Member State shall cease to be valid.
5. When an authorised veterinary medicinal product previously placed on the market in the authorising Member State is no longer actually present on the market in that Member State for a period of three consecutive years, the authorisation granted for that veterinary medicinal product shall cease to be valid.
6. The competent authority may, in exceptional circumstances, and on human or animal health grounds, grant exemptions from paragraphs 4 and 5. Such exemptions shall be duly justified.
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Article 29
The granting of authorization shall not diminish the general legal liability of the manufacturer and, where appropriate, of the authorization holder.
▼M1
Article 30
The marketing authorisation shall be refused if the file submitted to the competent authorities does not comply with Articles 12 to 13d and Article 15.
The authorisation shall also be refused if, after examination of the documents and particulars listed in Articles 12 and 13(1), it is clear that:
(a) the risk-benefit balance of the veterinary medicinal product is, under the authorised conditions of use, unfavourable; when the application concerns a veterinary medicinal product for zootechnical use, particular regard shall be had to the benefits for animal health and welfare and to consumer safety; or
(b) the product has no therapeutic effect or the applicant has not provided sufficient proof of such effect as regards the species of animal which is to be treated; or
(c) its qualitative or quantitative composition is not as stated; or
(d) the withdrawal period recommended by the applicant is not long enough to ensure that foodstuffs obtained from the treated animal do not contain residues which might constitute a health hazard to the consumer, or is insufficiently substantiated; or
(e) the labelling or the package leaflet proposed by the applicant does not comply with this Directive; or
(f) the veterinary medicinal product is offered for sale for a use prohibited under other Community provisions.
However, when a Community legislative framework is in the course of being adopted, the competent authority may refuse authorisation for a veterinary medicinal product where such action is necessary for the protection of public health, consumer or animal health.
The applicant or marketing authorisation holder shall be responsible for the accuracy of documents and data submitted.
▼B
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CHAPTER 4
Mutual recognition procedure and decentralised procedure
Article 31
1. A coordination group shall be set up for the examination of any question relating to marketing authorisation of a veterinary medicinal product in two or more Member States in accordance with the procedures laid down in this Chapter. The Agency shall provide the secretariat of this coordination group.
2. The coordination group shall be composed of one representative per Member State appointed for a renewable period of three years. Members of the group may arrange to be accompanied by experts.
3. The coordination group shall draw up its own rules of procedure, which shall enter into force after a favourable opinion has been given by the Commission. These rules of procedure shall be made public.
Article 32
1. With a view to the granting of a marketing authorisation for a veterinary medicinal product in more than one Member State, the applicant shall submit an application based on an identical dossier in those Member States. The dossier shall contain all the administrative information and scientific and technical documentation described in Articles 12 to 14. The documents submitted shall include a list of Member States concerned by the application.
The applicant shall request one Member State to act as reference Member State and to prepare an assessment report in respect of the veterinary medicinal product in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 3.
Where appropriate, the assessment report shall contain an evaluation for the purposes of Article 13(5) or Article 13a(3).
2. If the veterinary medicinal product has already received a marketing authorisation at the time of application, the concerned Member States shall recognise the marketing authorisation granted by the reference Member State. To this end, the marketing authorisation holder shall request the reference Member State either to prepare an assessment report in respect of the veterinary medicinal product or, if necessary, to update any existing assessment report. The reference Member State shall prepare or update the assessment report within 90 days of receipt of a valid application. The assessment report together with the approved summary of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflet shall be forwarded to the concerned Member States and the applicant.
3. If the veterinary medicinal product has not received authorisation by the time of application, the applicant shall request the reference Member State to prepare a draft assessment report and drafts of the summary of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflet. The reference Member State shall prepare these drafts within 120 days of the receipt of a valid application and shall send them to the concerned Member States and the applicant.
4. Within 90 days after receipt of the documents referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3, the Member States concerned shall approve the assessment report, the summary of product characteristics, the labelling and the package leaflet and inform the reference Member State accordingly. The reference Member State shall record the agreement of all parties, close the procedure and inform the applicant accordingly.
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5. Each Member State in which an application following paragraph 1 has been submitted shall adopt a decision in conformity with the approved assessment report, summary of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflet within 30 days after acknowledgement of the agreement.
Article 33
1. If a Member State cannot, within the period allowed in Article 32 (4), agree with the assessment report, summary of product char acteristics, labelling and package leaflet on grounds of a potential serious risk to human or animal health or to the environment, a detailed statement of the reasons shall be provided to the reference Member State, the other Member States concerned and the applicant. The points of disagreement shall be referred without delay to the coor dination group.
If a Member State to which an application has been submitted invokes the reasons referred to in Article 71(1), it shall no longer be regarded as a Member State concerned by this Chapter.
2. The Commission shall adopt guidelines defining a potential serious risk for human or animal health or for the environment.
3. Within the coordination group, all Member States referred to in paragraph 1 shall use their best endeavours to reach agreement on the action to be taken. They shall provide the applicant with the opportunity to make his point of view known orally or in writing. If, within 60 days of the communication of the reasons for disagreement to the coor dination group the Member States reach an agreement, the reference Member State shall record the agreement, close the procedure and inform the applicant accordingly. Article 32(5) shall apply.
4. If within the period of 60 days the Member States fail to reach an agreement, the Agency shall be immediately informed with a view to application of the procedure laid down in Articles 36, 37 and 38. The Agency shall be provided with a detailed description of the matters on which agreement could not be reached and the reasons for the disagreement. The applicant shall be provided with a copy of this information.
5. As soon as the applicant has been informed that the matter has been referred to the Agency, he shall forthwith forward to the Agency a copy of the information and documents referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 32(1).
6. In the case referred to in paragraph 4, the Member States that have approved the assessment report, summary of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflet of the reference Member State may, on request by the applicant, grant a marketing authorisation for the veterinary medicinal product without waiting for the outcome of the procedure laid down in Article 36. In that case, the authorisation granted shall be without prejudice to the outcome of that procedure.
▼M1
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Article 34
1. If two or more applications submitted in accordance with Articles 12 to 14 have been made for marketing authorisation for a particular veterinary medicinal product and Member States have adopted divergent decisions concerning the authorisation of that veterinary medicinal product, or suspension or revocation of authorisation, a Member State, or the Commission, or the marketing-authorisation holder may refer the matter to the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, hereinafter referred to as ‘the Committee’, for the application of the procedure laid down in Articles 36, 37 and 38.
2. With a view to promoting the harmonisation of veterinary medicinal products authorised in the Community, and to strengthening the efficiency of the provisions of Articles 10 and 11, Member States shall send to the coordination group, no later than 30 April 2005, a list of veterinary medicinal products for which a harmonised summary of product characteristics should be prepared.
The coordination group shall agree on a list of medicinal products, on the basis of proposals sent by Member States, and shall forward the list to the Commission.
The medicinal products on the list shall be subject to the provisions in paragraph 1 in accordance with a timetable established in cooperation with the Agency.
The Commission, acting in collaboration with the Agency, and taking into consideration the views of the interested parties, shall agree the final list and timetable.
Article 35
1. Member States or the Commission or the applicant or marketing authorisation holder shall, in specific cases where the interests of the Community are involved, refer the matter to the Committee for the application of the procedure laid down in Articles 36, 37 and 38 before a decision is reached on a request for a marketing authorisation or on the suspension or withdrawal of an authorisation, or on any other variations to the terms of a marketing authorisation which appear necessary, so as to take account in particular of the information collected in accordance with Title VII.
The Member State concerned or the Commission shall clearly identify the question which is referred to the Committee for consideration and shall inform the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder.
The Member State and the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder shall forward to the Committee all available information relating to the matter in question.
2. Where the referral to the Committee concerns a range of medicinal products or a therapeutic class, the Agency may limit the procedure to specific parts of the authorisation.
In that case, Article 39 shall apply to those medicinal products only if they are covered by the marketing authorisation procedure referred to in this Chapter.
Article 36
1. When reference is made to the procedure laid down in this Article, the Committee shall consider the matter concerned and shall issue a reasoned opinion within 60 days of the date on which the matter was referred to it.
▼M1
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However, in cases submitted to the Committee in accordance with Articles 34 and 35, this period may be extended by the Committee for a further period of up to 90 days, taking into account the views of the marketing authorisation holders concerned.
In an emergency, and on a proposal from its Chairman, the Committee may agree to a shorter deadline.
2. In order to consider the matter, the Committee shall appoint one of its members to act as rapporteur. The Committee may also appoint independent experts to advise it on specific questions. When appointing such experts, the Committee shall define their tasks and specify the time limit for the completion of these tasks.
3. Before issuing its opinion, the Committee shall provide the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder with an opportunity to present written or oral explanations within a time limit that it will specify.
The opinion of the Committee shall include the draft summary of product characteristics and the drafts of the labelling and package leaflet.
If it considers appropriate, the Committee may invite any other person to provide information relating to the matter before it.
The Committee may suspend the time limit referred to in paragraph 1 to allow the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder to prepare the explanations.
4. The Agency shall forthwith inform the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder when the opinion of the Committee is that:
— the application does not satisfy the criteria for authorisation, or
— the summary of product characteristics proposed by the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder in accordance with Article 14 should be amended, or
— the authorisation should be granted subject to conditions, with regard to conditions considered essential for the safe and effective use of the veterinary medicinal product including phar macovigilance, or
— a marketing authorisation should be suspended, varied or revoked.
Within 15 days after receipt of the opinion, the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder may notify the Agency in writing of his intention to request a re-examination of the opinion. In that case, he shall forward to the Agency the detailed grounds for the request within 60 days after receipt of the opinion.
Within 60 days following receipt of the grounds for the request, the Committee shall re-examine its opinion in accordance with the fourth subparagraph of Article 62(1) of Regulation (EC) No 726/2004. The reasons for the conclusion reached shall be annexed to the assessment report referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article.
5. Within 15 days after its adoption, the Agency shall forward the final opinion of the Committee to Member States, the Commission and the applicant or the marketing authorisation holder, together with a report describing the assessment of the veterinary medicinal product and the reasons for its conclusions.
▼M1
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In the event of an opinion in favour of granting or maintaining a marketing authorisation, the following documents shall be annexed to the opinion:
(a) a draft summary of the product characteristics, as referred to in Article 14; where necessary this will reflect the differences in the veterinary conditions in Member States;
(b) any conditions affecting the authorisation within the meaning of paragraph 4;
(c) details of any recommended conditions or restrictions with regard to the safe and effective use of the veterinary medicinal product; and
(d) drafts of the labelling and package leaflet.
Article 37
Within 15 days after receipt of the opinion, the Commission shall prepare a draft of the decision to be taken in respect of the application, taking into account Community law.
In the event of a draft decision that envisages the granting of a marketing authorisation, the documents referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 36(5) shall be annexed.
If, exceptionally, the draft decision is not in accordance with the opinion of the Agency, the Commission shall also annex a detailed explanation of the reasons for the differences.
The draft decision shall be forwarded to Member States and the applicant or marketing authorisation holder.
▼B
Article 38
▼M1 1. The Commission shall take a final decision in accordance with, and within 15 days after the end of, the procedure referred to in Article 89(3).
▼B 2. The rules of procedure of the Standing Committee set up by Article 89(1) shall be adjusted to take account of the tasks incumbent upon it in accordance with this Chapter.
These adjustments shall involve the following:
— except in cases referred to in the third paragraph of Article 37, the opinion of the Standing Committee shall be obtained in writing,
▼M1 — Member States shall have 22 days to forward their written obser
vations on the draft decision to the Commission. However, if a decision has to be taken urgently, a shorter time-limit may be set by the Chairman according to the degree of urgency involved. This time-limit shall not, otherwise than in exceptional circumstances, be shorter than 5 days,
— Member States shall have the option of submitting a written request that the draft decision be discussed in a plenary meeting of the Standing Committee.
▼B Where, in the opinion of the Commission, the written observations of a Member State raise important new questions of a scientific or technical nature which have not been addressed in the opinion of the Agency, the Chairman shall suspend the procedure and refer the application back to the Agency for further consideration.
▼M1
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The provisions necessary for the implementation of this paragraph shall be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 89(2).
▼M1 3. A decision as referred to in paragraph 1 shall be addressed to all Member States and communicated to the marketing authorisation holder or the applicant for information. The concerned Member States and the reference Member State shall either grant or withdraw marketing auth orisation, or vary the terms of a marketing authorisation as necessary to comply with the decision within 30 days of its notification and shall refer to it. They shall inform the Commission and the Agency accordingly.
▼B
Article 39
1. Any application by the marketing authorization holder to vary a marketing authorization which has been granted in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter shall be submitted to all the Member States which have previously authorized the veterinary medicinal product concerned.
▼M4 __________
▼M5 The Commission shall adopt those arrangements in the form of an implementing regulation. That measure, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼B 2. In case of arbitration submitted to the Commission, the procedure laid down in Articles 36, 37 and 38 shall apply by analogy to variations made to marketing authorizations.
Article 40
1. Where a Member State considers that the variation of the terms of a marketing authorization which has been granted in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter or its suspension or withdrawal is necessary for the protection of human or animal health or the environment, the Member State concerned shall forthwith refer the matter to the Agency for the application of the procedures laid down in Articles 36, 37 and 38.
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 35, in exceptional cases, where urgent action is essential to protect human or animal health or the environment, until a definitive decision is adopted, a Member State may suspend the marketing and the use of the veterinary medicinal product concerned on its territory. It shall inform the Commission and the other Member States no later than the following working day of the reasons for its action.
Article 41
Articles 39 and 40 shall apply by analogy to veterinary medicinal products authorized by Member States following an opinion of the Committee given in accordance with Article 4 of Directive 87/22/EEC before 1 January 1995.
▼B
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Article 42
1. The Agency shall publish an annual report on the operation of the procedures laid down in this Chapter and shall forward it to the European Parliament and the Council for information.
▼M1 2. At least every ten years the Commission shall publish a report on experience gained on the basis of the procedures provided for in this chapter and shall propose any amendments necessary to improve the procedures. The Commission shall submit this report to the European Parliament and the Council.
Article 43
Articles 33(4), (5) and (6) and 34 to 38 shall not apply to the homeo pathic veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 17.
Articles 32 to 38 shall not apply to the homeopathic veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 19(2).
▼B
TITLE IV
MANUFACTURE AND IMPORTS
Article 44
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the manufacture of veterinary medicinal products in their territory is subject to the holding of an authorization. This manufacturing auth orization shall likewise be required for veterinary medicinal products intended for export.
2. The authorization referred to in paragraph 1 shall be required both for total and partial manufacture and for the various processes of dividing up, packaging or presentation.
However, such authorization shall not be required for preparation, dividing up, changes in packaging or presentation where these processes are carried out solely for retail supply by pharmacists in dispensing pharmacies or by persons legally authorized in the Member States to carry out such processes.
3. The authorization referred to in paragraph 1 shall also be required for imports from third countries into a Member State; this Title and Article 83 shall apply to such imports in the same way as to manu facture.
Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that veterinary medicinal products brought into their territory from a third country and destined for another Member State are accompanied by a copy of the authorization referred to in paragraph 1.
▼M1 4. The Member State shall forward to the Agency a copy of the manufacturing authorisations referred to in paragraph 1. The Agency shall enter that information in the Community database referred to in Article 80(6).
▼B
Article 45
In order to obtain the manufacturing authorization, the applicant shall meet at least the following requirements:
(a) he shall specify the veterinary medicinal products and phar maceutical forms which are to be manufactured or imported and also the place where they are to be manufactured and/or controlled;
▼B
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(b) he shall have at his disposal, for the manufacture or import of the above, suitable and sufficient premises, technical equipment and control facilities complying with the legal requirements which the Member State concerned lays down as regards both manufacture and control and the storage of products, in accordance with Article 24;
(c) he shall have at his disposal the services of at least one qualified person within the meaning of Article 52.
The applicant shall provide particulars in his application to establish his compliance with the above requirements.
Article 46
1. The competent authority of the Member State shall not issue the manufacturing authorization until it has established the accuracy of the particulars supplied pursuant to Article 45 by means of an inquiry carried out by its representatives.
2. In order to ensure that the requirements referred to in Article 45 are complied with, authorization may be made conditional on the fulfilment of certain obligations imposed either when authorization is granted or at a later date.
3. The authorization shall apply only to the premises specified in the application and to the veterinary medicinal products and pharmaceutical forms specified in that application.
Article 47
The Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the time taken for the procedure for granting the manufacturing auth orization does not exceed 90 days from the day on which the competent authority receives the application.
Article 48
If the holder of the manufacturing authorization requests a change in any of the particulars referred to in Article 45, first paragraph, (a) and (b), the time taken for the procedure relating to this request shall not exceed 30 days. In exceptional cases, this period of time may be extended to 90 days.
Article 49
The competent authority of the Member States may require from the applicant further information concerning both the particulars supplied pursuant to Article 45 and the qualified person referred to in Article 52; where the competent authority concerned exercises this right, appli cation of the time-limits referred to in Articles 47 and 48 shall be suspended until the additional data required have been supplied.
Article 50
The holder of a manufacturing authorization shall at least be obliged to:
(a) have at his disposal the services of staff complying with the legal requirements existing in the Member State concerned as regards both manufacture and controls;
(b) dispose of the authorized veterinary medicinal products only in accordance with the legislation of the Member States concerned;
(c) give prior notice to the competent authority of any changes which he may wish to make to any of the particulars supplied pursuant to Article 45; the competent authority shall, in any event, be immediately informed if the qualified person referred to in Article 52 is replaced unexpectedly;
▼B
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(d) allow the representatives of the competent authority of the Member State concerned access to his premises at any time;
(e) enable the qualified person referred to in Article 52 to carry out his duties, particularly by placing at his disposal all the necessary facilities;
▼M1 (f) comply with the principles and the guidelines on good manufac
turing practice for medicinal products and use as starting materials only active substances which have been manufactured in accordance with the detailed guidelines on good manufacturing practice for starting materials;
▼B (g) keep detailed records of all veterinary medicinal products supplied
by him, including samples, in accordance with the laws of the countries of destination. The following information at least shall be recorded in respect of each transaction, whether or not it is made for payment:
— date,
— name of the veterinary medicinal product,
— quantity supplied,
— name and address of the recipient,
— batch number.
These records shall be available for inspection by the competent authorities for a period of at least three years.
▼M1
Article 50a
1. For the purposes of this Directive, manufacturing active substances for use as starting materials shall include the complete or partial manu facture or the import of an active substance used as a starting material, as defined in Part 2, Section C of Annex I, and the various processes of dividing up, packaging or presentation prior to its incorporation in a veterinary medicinal product, including repackaging or re-labelling, such as carried out by a starting material distributor.
▼M5 2. The Commission shall adopt any amendments which may be necessary in order to adapt the provisions of paragraph 1 to take account of scientific and technical progress.
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼B
Article 51
▼M5 The principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practice for veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 50(f) shall be adopted by the Commission in the form of a Directive addressed to the Member States. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼B
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Detailed guidelines shall be published by the Commission and revised as appropriate to take account of scientific and technical progress.
▼M1 The principles of good manufacturing practice as regards the manufac turing of active substances for use as starting materials as referred to in Article 50(f) shall be adopted in the form of detailed guidelines.
The Commission shall also publish guidelines on the form and content of the authorisation referred to in Article 44(1), the reports referred to in Article 80(3) and the form and content of the certificate of good manu facturing practice referred to in Article 80(5).
▼B
Article 52
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the holder of the manufacturing authorization has permanently and continuously at his disposal the services of at least one qualified person who fulfils the conditions laid down in Article 53 and is responsible, in particular, for carrying out the duties specified in Article 55.
2. If he personally fulfils the conditions laid down in Article 53, the holder of the authorization may himself assume the responsibility referred to in paragraph 1.
Article 53
▼M1 1. Member States shall ensure that the qualified person referred to in Article 52(1) fulfils the conditions of qualification referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3.
▼B 2. The qualified person shall be in possession of a diploma, certificate or other evidence of formal qualifications awarded on completion of a university course of study, or a course recognized as equivalent by the Member State concerned, extending over a period of at least four years of theoretical and practical study in one of the following scientific disciplines: pharmacy, medicine, veterinary science, chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and technology, biology.
However, the minimum duration of the university course may be three and a half years where the course is followed by a period of theoretical and practical training of at least one year and includes a training period of at least six months in a pharmacy open to the public, corroborated by an examination at university level.
Where two university or recognized equivalent courses coexist in a Member State and where one of these extends over four years and the other over three years, the diploma, certificate or other evidence of formal qualifications awarded on completion of the three-year university course or its recognized equivalent shall be considered to fulfil the condition of duration referred to in the first subparagraph in so far as the diplomas, certificates or other evidence of formal qualifi cations awarded on completion of both courses are recognized as equivalent by the State in question.
▼B
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The course shall include theoretical and practical tuition bearing upon at least the following basic subjects:
— experimental physics,
— general and inorganic chemistry,
— organic chemistry,
— analytical chemistry,
— pharmaceutical chemistry, including analysis of medicinal products,
— general and applied biochemistry (medical),
— physiology,
— microbiology,
— pharmacology,
— pharmaceutical technology,
— toxicology,
— pharmacognosy (study of the composition and effects of the active principles of natural substances of plant and animal origin).
Tuition in these subjects should be so balanced as to enable the person concerned to fulfil the obligations specified in Article 55.
In so far as certain diplomas, certificates or other evidence of formal qualifications mentioned in this paragraph do not fulfil the criteria laid down above, the competent authority of the Member State shall ensure that the person concerned provides evidence that he has, in the subjects involved, the knowledge required for the manufacture and control of veterinary medicinal products.
3. The qualified person shall have acquired practical experience over at least two years, in one or more undertakings which are authorized manufacturers, in the activities of qualitative analysis of medicinal products, of quantitative analysis of active substances and of the testing and checking necessary to ensure the quality of veterinary medicinal products.
The duration of practical experience may be reduced by one year where a university course lasts for at least five years and by a year and a half where the course lasts for at least six years.
Article 54
▼M1 1. A person engaging, in a Member State, in the activities of the person referred to in Article 52(1) on the date on which Directive 81/851/EEC became applicable, without complying with the provisions of Article 53, shall be eligible to continue to engage in those activities within the Community.
▼B
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2. The holder of a diploma, certificate or other evidence of formal qualifications awarded on completion of a university course — or a course recognized as equivalent by the Member State concerned — in a scientific discipline allowing him to engage in the activities of the person referred to in Article 52 in accordance with the laws of that State may — if he began his course prior to 9 October 1981 — be considered as qualified to carry out in that State the duties of the person referred to in Article 52, provided that he has previously engaged in the following activities for at least two years before 9 October 1991 in one or more undertakings with a manufacturing authorization; production supervision and/or qualitative and quantitative analysis of active substances, and the necessary testing and checking under the direct authority of a person as referred to in Article 52 to ensure the quality of veterinary medicinal products.
If the person concerned has acquired the practical experience referred to in the first subparagraph before 9 October 1971, a further one year's practical experience in accordance with the conditions referred to in the first subparagraph shall be completed by him immediately before he engages in such activities.
Article 55
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the qualified person referred to in Article 52 is, without prejudice to his relationship with the holder of the manufacturing authorization, responsible, in the context of the procedures referred to in Article 56, for ensuring that:
(a) in the case of veterinary medicinal products manufactured within the Member State concerned, each batch of veterinary medicinal products has been manufactured and checked in compliance with the laws in force in that Member State and in accordance with the requirements of the marketing authorization;
▼M1 (b) in the case of veterinary medicinal products coming from third
countries, even if manufactured in the Community, each production batch imported has undergone in a Member State a full qualitative analysis, a quantitative analysis of at least all the active substances, and all the other tests or controls necessary to ensure the quality of veterinary medicinal products in accordance with the requirements of the marketing authorisation.
▼B Batches of veterinary medicinal products which have undergone such controls in a Member State shall be exempt from the above controls if they are placed on the market in another Member State, accompanied by the control reports signed by the qualified person.
2. In the case of veterinary medicinal products imported from a third country, where appropriate arrangements have been made by the Community with the exporting country to ensure that the manufacturer of the veterinary medicinal product applies standards of good manu facturing practice at least equivalent to those laid down by the Community and to ensure that the controls referred to under point (b) of the first subparagraph of paragraph 1 have been carried out in the exporting country, the qualified person may be relieved of responsibility for carrying out those controls.
▼B
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3. In all cases, and particularly where the veterinary medicinal products are released for sale, the qualified person shall certify, in a register or equivalent document provided for the purpose, that each production batch satisfies the provisions of this Article; the said register or equivalent document shall be kept up to date as operations are carried out and shall remain at the disposal of the representatives of the competent authority for the period specified in the provisions of the Member State concerned and, in any event, for at least five years.
Article 56
Member States shall ensure that the obligations of qualified persons referred to in Article 52 are fulfilled, either by means of appropriate administrative measures or by making such persons subject to a profes sional code of conduct.
Member States may provide for the temporary suspension of such a person upon the commencement of administrative or disciplinary proceedings against him for failure to fulfil his obligations.
Article 57
The provisions of this Title shall apply to homeopathic veterinary medicinal products.
TITLE V
LABELLING AND PACKAGE INSERT
Article 58
1. ►M1 Except in the case of the medicinal products referred to in Article 17(1), the competent authority shall approve the immediate packaging and outer packaging of veterinary medicinal products. Packaging shall bear the following information, which shall conform with the particulars and documents provided pursuant to Articles 12 to 13d and the summary of product characteristics, and shall appear in legible characters: ◄
▼M1 (a) The name of the medicinal product, followed by its strength and
pharmaceutical form. The common name shall appear if the medicinal product contains only one active substance and its name is an invented name;
(b) A statement of the active substances expressed qualitatively and quantitatively per unit or according to the form of administration for a particular volume or weight, using the common names;
▼B (c) Manufacturer's batch number;
(d) Marketing authorization number;
▼M1 (e) Name or corporate name and permanent address or registered place
of business of the marketing authorisation holder and, where appro priate, of the representative designated by the marketing authori sation holder;
▼B
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(f) The species of animal for which the veterinary medicinal product is intended; the method and, if necessary, the route of administration. Space shall be provided for the prescribed dose to be indicated;
(g) The withdrawal period for veterinary medicinal products to be administered to food-producing species, for all the species concerned and for the various foodstuffs concerned (meat and offal, eggs, milk, honey), including those for which the withdrawal period is zero;
▼B (h) Expiry date, in plain language;
(i) Special storage precautions, if any;
▼M1 (j) Specific precautions relating to the disposal of unused medicinal
products or waste derived from veterinary medicinal products, where appropriate, as well as a reference to any appropriate collection system in place;
▼B (k) Particulars required to be indicated pursuant to Article 26(1), if any;
▼M1 (l) The words ‘For animal treatment only’ or, in the case of the
medicinal products referred to in Article 67, the words ‘For animal treatment only — to be supplied only on veterinary prescription’.
▼B 2. The pharmaceutical form and the contents by weight, volume or number of dose-units need only be shown on the outer package.
3. The provisions of Part 1, A of Annex I, in so far as they concern the qualitative and quantitative composition of veterinary medicinal products in respect of active substances, shall apply to the particulars provided for in paragraph 1(b).
4. The particulars mentioned in paragraph 1(f) to (l) shall appear on the outer package and on the container of the medicinal products in the language or languages of the country in which they are placed on the market.
▼M1 5. In the case of medicinal products that have been granted a marketing authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, Member States may permit or require that the outer packaging bear additional information concerning distribution, possession, sale or any necessary precautions, provided that such information is not in infringement of Community law or the terms of the marketing authorisation, and is not promotional.
This additional information shall appear in a box with a blue border to separate it clearly from the information referred to in paragraph 1.
▼B Article 59
▼M1 1. As regards ampoules, the particulars listed in the first paragraph of Article 58(1) shall be given on the outer package. On the immediate packaging, however, only the following particulars shall be necessary:
▼M1
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— name of veterinary medicinal product,
— quantity of the active substances,
— route of administration,
— manufacturer's batch number,
— date of expiry,
— the words ‘For animal treatment only’.
▼M1 2. As regards small immediate packaging containing a single dose, other than ampoules, on which it is impossible to give the particulars mentioned in paragraph 1, the requirements of Article 58(1), (2) and (3) shall apply only to the outer package.
3. The particulars mentioned in the third and sixth indents of paragraph 1 shall appear on the outer package and on the immediate packaging of the medicinal products in the language or languages of the country in which they are placed on the market.
Article 60
Where there is no outer package, all the particulars which should feature on such a package pursuant to Articles 58 and 59 shall be shown on the immediate packaging.
▼B
Article 61
▼M1 1. The inclusion of a package leaflet in the packaging of veterinary medicinal products shall be obligatory unless all the information required by this Article can be conveyed on the immediate packaging and the outer packaging. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the package leaflet relates solely to the veterinary medicinal product with which it is included. The package leaflet shall be written in terms that are comprehensible to the general public and in the official language or languages of the Member State in which the medicinal product is marketed.
The first subparagraph shall not prevent the package leaflet from being written in several languages, provided that the information given is identical in all the languages.
Competent authorities may exempt labels and package leaflets for specific veterinary medicinal products from the obligation for certain particulars to appear and for the leaflet to be in the official language or languages of the Member State in which the product is placed on the market, when the product is intended to be administered only by a veterinarian.
2. The competent authorities shall approve package leaflets. Leaflets shall contain at least the following information, in the order indicated, which shall conform to the particulars and documents provided pursuant to Articles 12 to 13d and the approved summary of product characteristics:
(a) name or corporate name and permanent address or registered place of business of the marketing authorisation holder and of the manu facturer and, where appropriate, of the representative of the marketing authorisation holder;
(b) name of the veterinary medicinal product followed by its strength and pharmaceutical form. The common name shall appear if the product contains only one active substance and its name is an invented name. Where the medicinal product is authorised according to the procedure provided for in Articles 31 to 43 under different names in the Member States concerned, a list of the names authorised in each Member State;
▼B (c) the therapeutic indications;
▼B
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(d) contra-indications and adverse reactions in so far as these particulars are necessary for the use of the veterinary medicinal product;
(e) the species of animal for which the veterinary medicinal product is intended, the dosage for each species, the method and route of administration and advice on correct administration, if necessary;
(f) the withdrawal period, even if this is nil, in the case of veterinary medicinal products administered to food-producing animals;
(g) special storage precautions, if any;
(h) particulars required to be indicated pursuant to Article 26(1), if any;
(i) special precautions for the disposal of unused medicinal products or waste materials from medicinal products, if any.
▼M1 __________
Article 62
Where the provisions of this Title are not observed and a formal notice addressed to the person concerned has been ineffectual, Member States' competent authorities may suspend or revoke the marketing authori sation.
▼B
Article 63
The requirements of Member States concerning conditions of supply to the public, the marking of prices on medicinal products for veterinary use and industrial property rights shall not be affected by the provisions of this Title.
Article 64
1. Without prejudice to paragraph 2, homeopathic veterinary medicinal products shall be labelled in accordance with the provisions of this title and identified by the inclusion on their labels, in clearly legible form, of the words ‘homeopathic medicinal product for veterinary use’.
▼M1 2. In addition to the clear mention of the words ‘homeopathic veterinary medicinal product without approved therapeutic indications’, the labelling and, where appropriate, package leaflet for the homeo pathic veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 17(1) shall bear the following information and no other information:
— the scientific name of the stock or stocks followed by the degree of dilution, using the symbols of the pharmacopoeia used in accordance with point (8) of Article 1. If the homeopathic veterinary medicinal product is composed of more than one stock, the labelling may mention an invented name in addition to the scientific names of the stocks,
▼B — name and address of the marketing authorization holder and, where
appropriate, of the manufacturer,
— method of administration and, if necessary, route,
— expiry date, in clear terms (month, year),
▼B
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— pharmaceutical form,
— contents of the sales presentation,
— special storage precautions, if any,
— target species,
— a special warning if necessary for the medicinal product,
— manufacturer's batch number,
— registration number.
▼M1
TITLE VI
POSSESSION, DISTRIBUTION AND DISPENSING OF VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
▼B
Article 65
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that wholesale distribution of veterinary medicinal products is subject to the holding of an authorization and to ensure that the time taken for the procedure for granting this authorization does not exceed 90 days from the date on which the competent authority receives the application.
Member States may exclude supplies of small quantities of veterinary medicinal products from one retailer to another from the scope of the definition of wholesale distribution.
2. In order to obtain the authorization for distribution, the applicant shall have at his disposal technically competent staff and suitable and sufficient premises complying with the requirements laid down in the Member State concerned as regards the storage and handling of veterinary medicinal products.
3. The holder of the authorization for distribution shall be required to keep detailed records. The following minimum information shall be recorded in respect of each incoming or outgoing transaction:
(a) date;
(b) precise identity of the veterinary medicinal product;
(c) manufacturer's batch number, expiry date;
(d) quantity received or supplied;
(e) name and address of the supplier or recipient.
At least once a year a detailed audit shall be carried out to compare incoming and outgoing medicinal supplies with supplies currently held in stock, any discrepancies being recorded.
These records shall be available for inspection by the competent authorities for a period of at least three years.
▼M1 3a. The holder of a distribution authorisation shall have an emergency plan guaranteeing the effective implementation of any recall operation ordered by the competent authorities or undertaken in cooperation with the manufacturer of the medicinal product in question or the holder of the marketing authorisation.
▼B
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4. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that wholesalers supply veterinary medicinal products only to persons permitted to carry out retail activities in accordance with Article 66, or to other persons who are lawfully permitted to receive veterinary medicinal products from wholesalers.
▼M1 5. Any distributor, not being the marketing authorisation holder, who imports a product from another Member State shall notify the marketing authorisation holder and the competent authority in the Member State to which the product will be imported of his intention to import it. In the case of products which have not been granted an authorisation pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, the notification to the competent authority shall be without prejudice to additional procedures provided for in the legislation of that Member State.
▼B
Article 66
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the retail supply of veterinary medicinal products is conducted only by persons who are permitted to carry out such operations by the legis lation of the Member State concerned.
2. ►M1 Any person permitted under paragraph 1 to supply veterinary medicinal products shall be required to keep detailed records for veterinary medicinal products that may be supplied only on prescription, the following information being recorded in respect of each incoming or outgoing transaction: ◄
(a) date;
(b) precise identity of the veterinary medicinal product;
(c) manufacturer's batch number;
(d) quantity received or supplied;
(e) name and address of the supplier or recipient;
(f) where relevant, name and address of the prescribing veterinarian and a copy of the prescription.
At least once a year a detailed audit shall be carried out, and incoming and outgoing veterinary medicinal products shall be reconciled with products currently held in stock, any discrepancies being recorded.
▼M1 These records shall be available for inspection by the competent authorities for a period of five years.
3. Member States may permit the supply on their territory of veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals for which a veterinary prescription is required by or under the supervision of a person registered for this purpose who provides guarantees with respect to qualifications, record-keeping and reporting in accordance with national law. Member States shall notify the Commission of relevant provisions of national law. This provision shall not apply to the supply of veterinary medicinal products for the oral or parenteral treatment of bacterial infections.
__________
▼B
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Article 67
▼M1 Without prejudice to stricter Community or national rules relating to dispensing veterinary medicinal products and serving to protect human and animal health, a veterinary prescription shall be required for dispensing to the public the following veterinary medicinal products:
▼B (a) those products subject to official restrictions on supply or use, such as:
— the restrictions resulting from the implementation of the relevant United Nations conventions on narcotic and psycho tropic substances,
— the restrictions on the use of veterinary medicinal products resulting from Community law;
▼M5 (aa) veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals.
However, Member States may grant exemptions from this requirement according to criteria established by the Commission. The establishment of those criteria, being a measure designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
Member States may continue to apply national provisions until either:
(i) the date of application of the decision adopted in accordance with the first subparagraph; or
(ii) 1 January 2007, if no such decision has been adopted by 31 December 2006;
▼B (b) those products in respect of which special precautions must be
taken by the veterinarian in order to avoid any unnecessary risk to:
— the target species,
— the person administering the products to the animal,
▼M1 __________
▼B — the environment;
(c) those products intended for treatments or pathological processes which require a precise prior diagnosis or the use of which may cause effects which impede or interfere with subsequent diagnostic or therapeutic measures;
▼M1 (d) official formula, within the meaning of Article 3(2)(b), intended for
food-producing animals.
▼B
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Member States shall take all necessary measures to ensure that, in the case of medicinal products supplied only on prescription, the quantity prescribed and supplied shall be restricted to the minimum amount required for the treatment or therapy concerned.
In addition, a prescription shall be required for new veterinary medicinal products containing an active substance that has been authorised for use in a veterinary medicinal product for fewer than five years.
▼B
Article 68
1. Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that only persons empowered under their national legislation in force possess or have under their control veterinary medicinal products or substances which may be used as veterinary medicinal products that have anabolic, anti-infectious, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, hormonal or psychotropic properties.
2. Member States shall maintain a register of manufacturers and dealers permitted to be in possession of active substances which may be used in the manufacture of veterinary medicinal products having the properties referred to in paragraph 1. Such persons must maintain detailed records of all dealings in substances which may be used in the manufacture of veterinary medicinal products and keep these records available for inspection by the competent authorities for a period of at least three years.
▼M5 3. The Commission shall adopt any amendments to the list of substances referred to in paragraph 1.
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼B
Article 69
▼M1 Member States shall ensure that the owners or keepers of food- producing animals can provide proof of purchase, possession and administration of veterinary medicinal products to such animals for five years after their administration, including when the animal is slaughtered during the five-year period.
▼B In particular, Member States may require the maintenance of a record giving at least the following information:
(a) date;
(b) name of the veterinary medicinal product;
(c) quantity;
(d) name and address of the supplier of the medicinal product;
(e) identification of the animals treated.
▼M1
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Article 70
▼M1 By way of derogation from Article 9 and without prejudice to Article 67, Member States shall ensure that veterinarians providing services in another Member State can take with them and administer to animals small quantities of veterinary medicinal products not exceeding daily requirements other than immunological veterinary medicinal products which are not authorised for use in the Member State in which the services are provided (hereinafter: ‘host Member State’), provided that the following conditions are satisfied:
▼B (a) the authorization to place the product on the market provided for in
Articles 5, 7 and 8 has been issued by the competent authorities of the Member State in which the veterinarian is established;
(b) the veterinary medicinal products are transported by the veterinarian in the original manufacturer's packaging;
(c) the veterinary medicinal products intended for administration to food-producing animals have the same qualitative and quantitative composition in terms of active substances as the medicinal products authorized in accordance with Articles 5, 7 and 8 in the host Member State;
(d) the veterinarian providing services in another Member State acquaints himself with the good veterinary practices applied in that Member State and ensures that the withdrawal period specified on the labelling of the veterinary medicinal product concerned is complied with, unless he could reasonably be expected to know that a longer withdrawal period should be specified to comply with these good veterinary practices;
(e) the veterinarian shall not furnish any veterinary medicinal product to the owner or keeper of the animals treated in the host Member State unless this is permissible on the basis of the rules of the host Member State; in this case he shall, however, supply only in relation to animals under his care and only the minimum quantities of veterinary medicinal product necessary to complete the treatment of animals concerned on that occasion;
(f) the veterinarian shall be required to keep detailed records of the animals treated, the diagnosis, the veterinary medicinal products administered, the dosage administered, the duration of treatment and the withdrawal period applied. These records shall be available for inspection by the competent authorities of the host Member State for a period of at least three years;
(g) the overall range and quantity of veterinary medicinal products carried by the veterinarian shall not exceed that generally required for the daily needs of good veterinary practice.
Article 71
1. In the absence of specific Community legislation concerning the use of immunological veterinary medicinal products for the eradication or control of animal disease, a Member State may, in accordance with its national legislation, prohibit the manufacture, import, possession, sale, supply and/or use of immunological veterinary medicinal products on the whole or part of its territory if it is established that:
(a) the administration of the product to animals will interfere with the implementation of a national programme for the diagnosis, control or eradication of animal disease, or will cause difficulties in certifying the absence of contamination in live animals or in foodstuffs or other products obtained from treated animals;
▼B
2001L0082 — EN — 07.08.2009 — 004.002 — 50
(b) the disease to which the product is intended to confer immunity is largely absent from the territory in question.
▼M1 The Member State may also invoke the provisions of the first subparagraph in order to withhold marketing authorisation in accordance with a decentralised procedure as provided for in Articles 31 to 43.
▼B 2. The competent authorities of the Member States shall inform the Commission of all instances in which the provisions of paragraph 1 are applied.
TITLE VII
PHARMACOVIGILANCE
Article 72
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to encourage the reporting to the competent authorities of suspected adverse reactions to veterinary medicinal products.
▼M1 2. Member States may impose specific requirements on veterinary practitioners and other health-care professionals in respect of the reporting of suspected serious or unexpected adverse reactions and human adverse reactions.
▼B
Article 73
▼M1 In order to ensure the adoption of appropriate and harmonised regu latory decisions concerning the veterinary medicinal products authorised within the Community, having regard to information obtained about suspected adverse reactions to veterinary medicinal products under normal conditions of use, Member States shall administer a veterinary pharmacovigilance system. This system shall be used to collect information useful in the surveillance of veterinary medicinal products, with particular reference to adverse reactions in animals and in human beings relating to the use of veterinary medicinal products, and to evaluate such information scientifically.
▼B Such information shall be collated with available data on the sale and prescription of veterinary medicinal products.
▼M1 Member States shall ensure that suitable information collected within this system is communicated to other Member States and the Agency. This information shall be recorded in the database referred to in point (k) of the second subparagraph of Article 57(1) of Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 and shall be permanently accessible to all Member States and without delay to the public.
▼B
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This system also takes into account any available information related to the lack of expected efficacy, off-label use, investigations of the validity of the withdrawal period and on potential environmental problems, arising from the use of the product, interpreted in accordance with the Commission guidelines referred to in Article 77(1), which may have an impact on the evaluation of their benefits and risks.
▼M1
Article 73a
The management of funds intended for activities connected with phar macovigilance, the operation of communication networks and market surveillance shall be under the permanent control of the competent authorities in order to guarantee their independence.
▼B
Article 74
The marketing authorization holder shall have permanently and continuously at his disposal an appropriately qualified person responsible for pharmacovigilance.
▼M1 That qualified person shall reside in the Community and shall be responsible for the following:
▼B (a) the establishment and maintenance of a system which ensures that
information about all suspected adverse reactions which are reported to the personnel of the company, including its representatives, is collected and collated in order to be accessible at least at one point within the Community;
(b) the preparation for the competent authorities of the reports referred to in Article 75, in such form as may be laid down by those authorities, in accordance with the guidance referred to in Article 77 (1);
(c) ensuring that any request from the competent authorities for the provision of additional information necessary for the evaluation of the benefits and risks afforded by a veterinary medicinal product is answered fully and promptly, including the provision of information about the volume of sales or prescriptions of the veterinary medicinal product concerned;
(d) the provision to the competent authorities, of any other information relevant to the evaluation of the benefits and risks afforded by a veterinary medicinal product, including appropriate information on post-marketing surveillance studies.
▼M1
Article 75
1. The marketing authorisation holder shall maintain detailed records of all suspected adverse reactions occurring within the Community or in a third country.
Save in exceptional circumstances, these reactions shall be communicated electronically in the form of a report in accordance with the guidelines referred to in Article 77(1).
▼B
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2. The marketing authorisation holder shall record all suspected serious adverse reactions and human adverse reactions relating to the use of veterinary medicinal products that are brought to his attention, and report them promptly to the competent authority of the Member State on whose territory the incident occurred, and no later than 15 days following receipt of the information.
The marketing authorisation holder shall also record all suspected serious adverse reactions and human adverse reactions related to the use of veterinary medicinal products of which he can reasonably be expected to have knowledge, and report them promptly to the competent authority of Member State on whose territory the incident occurred, and no later than 15 days following receipt of the information.
3. The marketing authorisation holder shall ensure that all suspected serious unexpected adverse reactions, human adverse reactions and any suspected transmission via a veterinary medicinal product of any infectious agent occurring on the territory of a third country are reported promptly in accordance with the guidelines referred to in Article 77(1), so that they are available to the Agency and the competent authorities of the Member States in which the veterinary medicinal product is authorised, and no later than 15 days following the receipt of the information.
4. By way of derogation from paragraphs 2 and 3, in the case of veterinary medicinal products which are covered by Directive 87/22/EEC, have benefited from the authorisation procedures under Articles 31 and 32 of this Directive or have been the subject of the procedures provided for in Articles 36, 37 and 38 of this Directive, the marketing authorisation holder shall additionally ensure that all suspected serious adverse reactions and human adverse reactions occurring in the Community are reported in such a way so as to be accessible to the reference Member State or a competent authority designated as reference Member State. The reference Member State shall assume responsibility for the analysis and follow-up of any such adverse reactions.
5. Unless other requirements have been laid down as a condition for the granting of the marketing authorisation or subsequently as indicated in the guidelines referred to in Article 77(1), reports of all adverse reactions shall be submitted to the competent authorities in the form of a periodic safety update report, immediately upon request or at least every six months after authorisation until the placing on the market. Periodic safety update reports shall also be submitted immediately upon request or at least every six months during the first two years following the initial placing on the market and once a year for the following two years. Thereafter, the reports shall be submitted at three-yearly intervals, or immediately upon request.
The periodic safety update reports shall include a scientific evaluation of the risk-benefit balance of the veterinary medicinal product.
▼M5 6. The Commission may amend paragraph 5 in the light of the experience gained from its operation.
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼M1
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7. Following the granting of a marketing authorisation, the holder of such authorisation may request the amendment of the periods referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article in accordance with the procedure laid down by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1084/2003 (1).
8. The holder of a marketing authorisation may not communicate information relating to pharmacovigilance concerns to the general public in relation to its authorised veterinary medicinal product without giving prior or simultaneous notification to the competent authority.
In any case, the marketing authorisation holder shall ensure that such information is presented objectively and is not misleading.
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that a marketing authorisation holder who fails to discharge these obligations is subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties.
▼B
Article 76
▼M1 1. The Agency, in collaboration with Member States and the Commission, shall set up a data-processing network to facilitate the exchange of pharmacovigilance information regarding veterinary medicinal products marketed in the Community in order to allow the competent authorities to share the information at the same time.
▼B 2. Making use of the network foreseen in the first paragraph, Member States shall ensure that reports of suspected serious adverse reactions and human adverse reactions, in accordance with the guidance referred to in Article 77(1), that have taken place on their territory are immediately made available to the Agency and the other Member States, and in any case within 15 calendar days of their notification, at the latest.
3. The Member States shall ensure that reports of suspected serious adverse reactions and human adverse reactions, that have taken place on their territory are immediately made available to the marketing auth orisation holder, and in any case within 15 calendar days of their notification at the latest.
Article 77
1. In order to facilitate the exchange of information about phar macovigilance within the Community, the Commission, in consultation with the Agency, Member States and the interested parties, shall draw up guidance on the collection, verification and presentation of adverse reaction reports, including technical requirements for electronic exchange of veterinary pharmacovigilance information in accordance with internationally agreed terminology.
▼M1 In accordance with those guidelines, the marketing authorisation holder shall use internationally agreed veterinary medical terminology for the transmission of reports on adverse reactions.
The Commission shall publish the guidelines, which shall take account of international harmonisation work achieved in the field of phar macovigilance.
▼M1
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(1) OJ L 159, 27.6.2003, p. 1.
2. For the interpretation of the definitions referred to in Article 1 points 10 to 16 and principles outlined in this title, the marketing auth orisation holder and the competent authorities shall refer to the detailed guidance referred to in paragraph 1.
Article 78
1. Where, as a result of the evaluation of veterinary phar macovigilance data, a Member State considers that a marketing auth orization should be suspended, withdrawn or varied to restrict the indi cations or availability, amend the posology, add a contraindication or add a new precautionary measure, it shall forthwith inform the Agency, the other Member States and the marketing authorization holder.
▼M1 2. If urgent action is necessary for protecting human or animal health, the Member State concerned may suspend the marketing auth orisation of a veterinary medicinal product, provided that the Agency, the Commission and the other Member States are informed on the following working day at the latest.
3. When the Agency is informed in accordance with paragraphs 1 or 2, it shall give its opinion as soon as possible, according to the urgency of the matter.
On the basis of this opinion, the Commission may request all Member States in which the veterinary medicinal is marketed to take temporary measures immediately.
Final measures shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 89(3).
▼M5
Article 79
The Commission shall adopt any amendments which may be necessary to update Articles 72 to 78 to take account of scientific and technical progress.
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼B
TITLE VIII
SUPERVISION AND SANCTIONS
Article 80
▼M1 1. The competent authority of the Member State concerned shall ensure, by means of repeated inspections and, if necessary, unan nounced inspections, and where appropriate, by asking an Official Medicines Control Laboratory or a laboratory designated for that purpose to conduct tests on samples, that the legal requirements relating to veterinary medicinal products are complied with.
▼B
2001L0082 — EN — 07.08.2009 — 004.002 — 55
The competent authority may also carry out unannounced inspections at the premises of manufacturers of active substances used as starting materials for veterinary medicinal products, and of the premises of the marketing authorisation holder whenever it considers that there are grounds for suspecting non-compliance with the provisions of Article 51. Such inspections may also be carried out at the request of another Member State, the Commission or the Agency.
In order to verify whether the data submitted in order to obtain a conformity certificate comply with the monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia, the standardisation body for nomenclatures and quality norms within the meaning of the Convention relating to the elaboration of a European Pharmacopoeia (1) (European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines) may ask the Commission or the Agency to request such an inspection when the starting material concerned is the subject of a European Pharmacopoeia monograph.
The competent authority of the Member State concerned may carry out inspections of starting material manufacturers at the manufacturer's own request.
Such inspections shall be carried out by authorised representatives of the competent authority who shall be empowered to:
(a) inspect manufacturing or trading establishments and any laboratories entrusted by the holder of the manufacturing authorisation with the task of carrying out control tests pursuant to Article 24;
(b) take samples including with a view to an independent analysis by an Official Medicines Control Laboratory or by a laboratory designated for that purpose by a Member State;
(c) examine any documents relating to the object of the inspection, subject to the provisions in force in the Member States on 9 October 1981 placing restrictions on these powers with regard to the description of the manufacturing method;
(d) inspect the premises, records and documents of marketing authori sation holders or any firms performing the activities described in Title VII, and in particular Articles 74 and 75 thereof, on behalf of a marketing authorisation holder.
▼B 2. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the manufacturing processess used in the manufacture of immunological veterinary medicinal products are completely validated and batch-to- batch consistency is ensured.
▼M1 3. The authorised representatives of the competent authority shall report after each of the inspections mentioned in paragraph 1 on whether the principles and guidelines on good manufacturing practice referred to in Article 51 or, where appropriate, the requirements set out in Title VII, are being complied with. The inspected manufacturer or market authorisation holder shall be informed of the content of such reports.
▼M1
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(1) OJ L 158, 25.6.1994, p. 19.
4. Without prejudice to any arrangements which may have been concluded between the Community and a third country, a Member State, the Commission or the Agency may require a manufacturer estab lished in a third country to undergo an inspection as referred to in paragraph 1.
5. Within 90 days after an inspection as referred to in paragraph 1, a certificate of good manufacturing practice shall be issued to the manu facturer if the inspection established that the manufacturer in question is complying with the principles and guidelines on good manufacturing practice as provided for by Community law.
In the event of an inspection carried out at the request of the European Pharmacopoeia, a certificate of compliance with the monograph shall be issued, if appropriate.
6. Member States shall enter the certificates of good manufacturing practice which they issue in a Community database managed by the Agency on behalf of the Community.
7. If the outcome of the inspection as referred to in paragraph 1 is that the manufacturer does not comply with the principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practice as provided for by Community legislation, the information shall be entered in the Community database as referred to in paragraph 6.
▼B
Article 81
1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the marketing authorization holder and, where appropriate, the holder of the manufacturing authorization furnish proof of the control tests carried out on the veterinary medical product and/or on the constituents and intermediate products of the manufacturing process, in accordance with the methods laid down for the purposes of marketing authorization.
2. For the purposes of implementing paragraph 1, Member States may require the marketing authorization holder for immunological veterinary medicinal products to submit to the competent authorities copies of all the control reports signed by the qualified person in accordance with Article 55.
The marketing authorization holder for immunological veterinary medicinal products shall ensure that an adequate number of represen tative samples of each batch of veterinary medical products is held in stock at least up to the expiry date, and provide samples promptly to the competent authorities on request.
▼M1
Article 82
1. Where it considers it necessary for reasons of human or animal health, a Member State may require the marketing authorisation holder for an immunological veterinary medicinal product to submit samples of batches of the bulk product and/or veterinary medicinal product for control by an Official Medicines Control Laboratory before the product is put into circulation.
2. On request by the competent authorities, the marketing authori sation holder shall promptly supply the samples referred to in paragraph 1, together with the reports of the control referred to in Article 81(2).
▼M1
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The competent authority shall inform all the other Member States in which the veterinary medicinal product is authorised as well as the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines of its intention to control batches or the batch in question.
In such cases, the competent authorities of another Member State shall not apply the provisions of paragraph 1.
3. After studying the control reports referred to in Article 81(2), the laboratory responsible for the control shall repeat, on the samples provided, all the tests carried out by the manufacturer on the finished product, in accordance with the relevant provisions shown in the dossier for marketing authorisation.
The list of tests to be repeated by the laboratory responsible for the control shall be restricted to justified tests, provided that all Member States concerned, and if appropriate the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines, agree to this.
For immunological veterinary medicinal products authorised under Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, the list of tests to be repeated by the control laboratory may be reduced only after agreement by the Agency.
4. All Member States concerned shall recognise the results of the tests.
5. Unless the Commission is informed that a longer period is necessary to conduct the tests, Member States shall ensure that this control is completed within 60 days of receipt of the samples.
The competent authority shall notify the other Member States concerned, the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines, the marketing authorisation holder and, if appropriate, the manufacturer, of the results of the tests within the same period of time.
If a competent authority concludes that a batch of a veterinary medicinal product is not in conformity with the control report of the manufacturer or the specifications provided for in the marketing authorisation, it shall take all the necessary measures vis-a-vis the marketing authorisation holder and the manufacturer, where appropriate, and shall inform accordingly the other Member States in which the veterinary medicinal product is authorised.
▼B
Article 83
1. ►M1 Member States' competent authorities shall suspend, revoke, withdraw or vary marketing authorisations when it is clear that: ◄
▼M1 (a) the risk-benefit assessment of the veterinary medicinal product is,
under the authorised conditions of use, unfavourable, particular regard being had to the benefits for animal health and welfare and to consumer safety, when the authorisation concerns a veterinary medicinal product for zootechnical use;
▼B (b) the veterinary medicinal product does not have any therapeutic
effect on the species of animal for which the treatment is intended;
▼M1
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(c) its qualitative and quantitative composition is not as stated;
(d) the recommended withdrawal period is inadequate to ensure that foodstuffs obtained from the treated animal do not contain residues which might constitute a health hazard to the consumer;
(e) the veterinary medicinal product is offered for sale for a use which is prohibited by other community provisions;
▼M1 __________
(f) information given in the application documents pursuant to Articles 12 to 13d and 27 is incorrect;
▼B (g) the control tests referred to in Article 81(1) have not been carried
out.
▼M1 __________
However, when a Community legislative framework is in the course of being adopted, the competent authority may refuse authorisation for a veterinary medicinal product where such action is necessary for the protection of public health, consumer and animal health.
▼B 2. ►M1 Marketing authorisations may be suspended, revoked, withdrawn or varied when it is established that: ◄
▼M1 (a) the particulars supporting the application, as provided for in Articles
12 to 13d, have not been amended in accordance with Article 27(1) and (5);
▼B (b) any new information as referred to in Article 27(3) has not been
communicated to the competent authorities.
Article 84
1. Without prejudice to Article 83, Member States shall take all necessary measures to ensure that supply of a veterinary medicinal product is prohibited and that the medicinal product concerned is withdrawn form the market where:
▼M1 (a) it is clear that the risk-benefit assessment of the veterinary medicinal
product is, under the authorised conditions of use, unfavourable, particular regard being had to the benefits for animal health and welfare and to the safety and health benefits for the consumer, when the authorisation concerns a veterinary medicinal product for zootechnical use;
▼B (b) the veterinary medicinal product has no therapeutic effect on the
species of animal for which the treatment was intended;
(c) the qualitative and quantitative composition of the veterinary medicinal product is not as stated;
▼B
2001L0082 — EN — 07.08.2009 — 004.002 — 59
(d) the recommended withdrawal period is inadequate to ensure that foodstuffs obtained from the treated animal do not contain residues which might constitute a health hazard to the consumer;
(e) the control tests referred to in Article 81(1) have not been carried out, or any other requirement or obligation relating to the grant of the manufacturing authorization referred to in Article 44(1) has not been complied with.
2. The competent authority may confine the prohibition on supply and withdrawal from the market solely to the contested production batches.
Article 85
1. The competent authority of a Member State shall suspend or withdraw the manufacturing authorization for a category of preparations or for all preparations if any of the requirements laid down in Article 45 are no longer met.
2. The competent authority of a Member State may, in addition to the measures provided for in Article 84, either suspend manufacture or imports of veterinary medicinal products from third countries or suspend or withdraw the manufacturing authorization for a category of prep arations or for all preparations in the event of non-compliance with the provisions regarding manufacture or imports from third countries.
▼M1 3. Member States shall prohibit the advertising to the general public of veterinary medicinal products that:
(a) in accordance with Article 67, are available on veterinary prescription only; or
(b) contain psychotropic drugs or narcotics, such as those covered by the United Nations Conventions of 1961 and 1971.
▼B
Article 86
The provisions of this Title shall apply to homeopathic veterinary medicinal products.
Article 87
Member States shall take appropriate measures to encourage veter inarians and other professionals concerned to report to the competent authorities any adverse reaction of veterinary medicinal products.
TITLE IX
STANDING COMMITTEE
▼M5
Article 88
The Commission shall adopt any changes which are necessary in order to adapt Annex I to take account of technical progress.
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 89(2a).
▼B
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Article 89
1. The Commission shall be assisted by a Standing Committee on Veterinary Medicinal Products for the Adaptation to Technical Progress of the Directives on the Removal of Technical Barriers to Trade in the Veterinary Medicinal Products Sector, (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Standing Committee’.
▼M1 2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.
▼M5 2a. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1) to (4) and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
▼M1 3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 4 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
The period laid down in Article 4(3) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at one month.
▼M5 4. The rules of procedure of the Standing Committee shall be made public.
▼B
TITLE X
GENERAL PROVISIONS
▼M1
Article 90
Member States shall take all necessary measures to ensure that the competent authorities concerned communicate the appropriate information to each other, particularly regarding compliance with the requirements adopted for the authorisations referred to in Article 44, for the certificates referred to in Article 80(5) or for authorisation to place products on the market.
Upon reasoned request, Member States shall forthwith communicate the reports referred to in Article 80(3) to the competent authorities of another Member State.
The conclusions reached following an inspection as referred to in Article 80(1) carried out by the inspectors of the Member State concerned shall be valid for the Community.
However, by way of exception, if a Member State has not been able, for serious reasons of human or animal health, to accept the conclusions of an inspection as referred to in Article 80(1), that Member State shall forthwith inform the Commission and the Agency. The Agency shall inform the Member States concerned.
When the Commission is informed of such serious reasons, it may, after consulting the Member States concerned, ask the inspector of the competent supervisory authority to carry out a new inspection; the inspector may be accompanied by two other inspectors from Member States that are not parties to the disagreement.
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Article 91
1. Each Member State shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the Agency is informed immediately of decisions granting marketing auth orization and of all decisions refusing or withdrawing marketing auth orization, cancelling a decision refusing or withdrawing marketing auth orization, prohibiting supply or withdrawing a product from the market, together with the reasons on which such decisions are based.
2. The marketing authorization holder shall be obliged to notify the Member States forthwith of any action taken by him to suspend the marketing of a veterinary medicinal product or to withdraw a product from the market, together with the reasons for such action if it concerns the effectiveness of the veterinary medicinal product or the protection of public health. Member States shall ensure that this information is brought to the attention of the Agency.
3. Member States shall ensure that appropriate information about actions taken pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 which may affect the protection of health in third countries is forthwith brought to the attention of the relevant international organizations, with a copy to the Agency.
Article 92
Member States shall communicate to each other all the information necessary to guarantee the quality and safety of homeopathic veterinary medicinal products manufactured and marketed within the Community, and in particular the information referred to in Articles 90 and 91.
Article 93
1. At the request of the manufacturer or exporter of veterinary medicinal products, or the authorities of an importing third country, Member States shall certify that such manufacturer is in possession of the manufacturing authorization. When issuing such certificates, Member States shall comply with the following conditions:
(a) they shall have regard to the prevailing administrative arrangements of the World Health Organization;
(b) for veterinary medicinal products intended for export which are already authorized in their territory, they shall supply the summary of the product characteristics as approved in accordance with Article 25 or, in the absence thereof, an equivalent document.
2. Where the manufacturer is not in possession of an authorization to place the product on the market, he shall provide the authorities responsible for establishing the certificate referred to in the first paragraph with a declaration explaining why such authorization is not available.
Article 94
Any decision referred to in this Directive, taken by the competent authorities of the Member States, may only be taken on the grounds set out in this Directive and shall state in detail the reasons on which it is based.
Such a decision shall be notified to the party concerned who shall at the same time be informed of the remedies available to him under current legislation and the time allowed for seeking such remedies.
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Article 95
Member States shall not permit foodstuffs for human consumption to be taken from test animals unless the competent authorities have established an appropriate withdrawal period. The withdrawal period shall either:
(a) be at least as laid down in Article 11(2), including, where appro priate, a safety factor reflecting the nature of the substance being tested; or
(b) if maximum residue limits have been established by the Community in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90, ensure that this maximum limit will not be exceeded in foodstuffs.
Article 95a
Member States shall ensure that appropriate collection systems are in place for veterinary medicinal products that are unused or expired.
Article 95b
When a veterinary medicinal product is to be authorised in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 and the Scientific Committee in its opinion refers to recommended conditions or restrictions with regard to the safe and effective use of the veterinary medicinal product as provided for in Article 34(4)(d) of that Regulation, a decision addressed to Member States shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 37 and 38 of this Directive, for the implementation of those conditions or restrictions.
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TITLE XI
FINAL MEASURES
Article 96
Directives 81/851/EEC, 81/852/EEC, 90/677/EEC and 92/74/EEC referred to in Annex II, Part A are repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States in respect of the deadline for trans position laid down in Annex II, Part B.
The reference made to the said Repealed Directives shall be construed as references to this Directive and should be read in accordance with the correlation table set out in Annex III.
Article 97
This Directive enters into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
Article 98
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
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ANNEX I
CHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND ANALYTICAL STANDARDS, SAFETY AND RESIDUE TESTS, PRE-CLINICAL AND CLINICAL TRIALS IN RESPECT OF TESTING OF VETERINARY MEDICINAL
PRODUCTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES
TITLE I
REQUIREMENTS FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OTHER THAN IMMUNOLOGICAL VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
PART 1: SUMMARY OF THE DOSSIER
A. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
B. SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS, LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET
C. DETAILED AND CRITICAL SUMMARIES
PART 2: PHARMACEUTICAL (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL OR MICROBIOLOGICAL INFORMATION (QUALITY))
Basic principles and requirements
A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PARTICU- LARS OF THE CONSTITUENTS
1. Qualitative particulars
2. Usual terminology
3. Quantitative particulars
4. Development pharmaceutics
B. DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUFACTURING METH- OD
C. CONTROL OF STARTING MATERIALS
1. General requirements
1.1. Active Substances
1.1.1. Active substances listed in pharmacopoeias
1.1.2. Active substances not in a pharmacopoeia
1.1.3. Physico-chemical characteristics liable to affect bioavail- ability
1.2. Excipients
1.3. Container-closure systems
1.3.1. Active substance
1.3.2. Finished Product
1.4. Substances of biological origin
D. CONTROL TESTS CARRIED OUT AT INTERMEDI- ATE STAGES OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
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E. TESTS ON THE FINISHED PRODUCT
1. General characteristics of the finished product
2. Identification and assay of active substance(s)
3. Identification and assay of excipient components
4. Safety tests
F. STABILITY TEST
1. Active substances(s)
2. Finished product
G. OTHER INFORMATION
PART 3: SAFETY AND RESIDUES TESTS
A. Safety tests
CHAPTER I: PERFORMANCE OF TESTS
1. Precise identification of the product and of its active substance(s)
2. Pharmacology
2.1. Pharmacodynamics
2.2. Pharmacokinetics
3. Toxicology
3.1. Single-dose toxicity
3.2. Repeat-dose toxicity
3.3. Tolerance in the target species
3.4. Reproductive toxicity including developmental toxicity
3.4.1. Study of the effects on reproduction
3.4.2. Study of developmental toxicity
3.5. Genotoxicity
3.6. Carcinogenicity
3.7. Exceptions
4. Other requirements
4.1. Special studies
4.2. Microbiological properties of residues
4.2.1. Potential effects on the human gut flora
4.2.2. Potential effects on the microorganisms used for industrial food processing
4.3. Observations in humans
4.4. Development of resistance
5. User safety
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6. Environmental risk assessment
6.1. Environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products not containing or consisting of genetically modified organisms
6.2. Environmental risk assessment for veterinary medicinal products containing or consisting of genetically modified organisms
CHAPTER II: PRESENTATION OF PARTICULARS AND DOCUMENTS
B. Residue tests
CHAPTER I: PERFORMANCE OF TESTS
1. Introduction
2. Metabolism and residue kinetics
2.1. Pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)
2.2. Depletion of residues
3. Residue analytical method
CHAPTER II: PRESENTATION OF PARTICULARS AND DOCUMENTS
1. Identification of the product
PART 4: PRE-CLINICAL AND CLINICAL TRIAL
CHAPTER I: PRE-CLINICAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Pharmacology
A.1. Pharmacodynamics
A.2. Development of resistance
A.3. Pharmacokinetics
B. Tolerance in the target animal species
CHAPTER II: CLINICAL REQUIREMENTS
1. General principles
2. Conduct of clinical trials
CHAPTER III: PARTICULARS AND DOCUMENTS
1. Results of pre-clinical trials
2. Results of clinical trials
TITLE II
REQUIREMENTS FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
PART 1: SUMMARY OF THE DOSSIER
A. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
B. SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS, LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET
C. DETAILED AND CRITICAL SUMMARIES
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PART 2: CHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL/MI- CROBIOLOGICAL INFORMATION (QUALITY)
A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PARTICU- LARS OF THE CONSTITUENTS
1. Qualitative particulars
2. ‘Usual terminology’
3. Quantitative particulars
4. Product development
B. DESCRIPTION OF MANUFACTURING METHOD
C. PRODUCTION AND CONTROL OF STARTING MATERIALS
1. Starting materials listed In Pharmacopoeias
2. Starting materials not listed in a pharmacopoeia
2.1. Starting materials of biological origin
2.2. Starting materials of non-biological origin
D. CONTROL TESTS DURING THE MANUFACTUR- ING PROCESS
E. CONTROL TESTS ON THE FINISHED PRODUCT
1. General characteristics of the finished product
2. Identification of active substance(s)
3. Batch titre or potency
4. Identification and assay of adjuvants
5. Identification and assay of excipient components
6. Safety tests
7. Sterility and purity test
8. Residual humidity
9. Inactivation
F. BATCH TO BATCH CONSISTENCY
G. STABILITY TESTS
H. OTHER INFORMATION
PART 3: SAFETY TESTS
A. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
B. LABORATORY TESTS
1. Safety of the administration of one dose
2. Safety of one administration of an overdose
3. Safety of the repeated administration of one dose
4. Examination of reproductive performance
5. Examination of immunological functions
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6. Special requirements for live vaccines
6.1. Spread of the vaccine strain
6.2. Dissemination in the vaccinated animal
6.3. Reversion to virulence of attenuated vaccines
6.4. Biological properties of the vaccine strain
6.5. Recombination or genomic reassortment of strains
7. User safety
8. Study of residues
9. Interactions
C. FIELD STUDIES
D. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
E. ASSESSMENT REQUIRED FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING OR CON- SISTING OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGAN- ISMS
PART 4: EFFICACY TESTS
CHAPTER I
1. General principles
2. Performance of trials
CHAPTER II
A. General requirements
B. Laboratory trials
C. Field trials
PART 5: PARTICULARS AND DOCUMENTS
A. INTRODUCTION
B. LABORATORY STUDIES
C. FIELD STUDIES
PART 6: BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
TITLE III
REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC MARKETING AUTHORISATION APPLI- CATIONS
1. Generic veterinary medicinal products
2. Similar biological veterinary medicinal products
3. Well-established veterinary use
4. Combination veterinary medicinal products
5. Informed consent applications
6. Documentation for applications in exceptional circumstances
7. Mixed marketing authorisation applications
TITLE IV
REQUIREMENTS FOR MARKETING AUTHORISATION APPLICATIONS FOR PARTICULAR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
1. IMMUNOLOGICAL VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
2. HOMEOPATHIC VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
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INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1. The particulars and documents accompanying an application for marketing authorisation pursuant to Articles 12 to 13d shall be presented in accordance with the requirements set out in this Annex and shall take into account the guidance published by the Commission in The rules governing medicinal products in the European Union, Volume 6 B, Notice to applicants, Veterinary medicinal products, Presentation and Contents of the Dossier.
2. In assembling the dossier for application for marketing authorisation, applicants shall also take into account the current state of veterinary medicinal knowledge and the scientific guidelines relating to the quality, safety and efficacy of veterinary medicinal products published by the European Medicines Agency (Agency) and the other pharmaceutical Community guidelines published by the Commission in different volumes of The rules governing medicinal products in the European Union.
3. For veterinary medicinal products other than immunological veterinary medicinal products, with respect to the quality (pharmaceutical) part (physico-chemical, biological and microbiological tests) of the dossier, all relevant monographs including general monographs and the general chapters of the European Pharmacopoeia are applicable. For immunological veterinary medicinal products, with respect to the quality, safety and efficacy parts of the dossier, all relevant monographs including general monographs and the general chapters of the European Pharmacopoeia are applicable.
4. The manufacturing process shall comply with the requirements of Commission Directive 91/412/EEC (1) laying down the principles and guidelines for veterinary medicinal products and with the principles and guidelines on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), published by the Commission in The rules governing medicinal products in the European Union, Volume 4.
5. All information which is relevant to the evaluation of the veterinary medicinal product concerned shall be included in the application, whether favourable or unfavourable to the product. In particular, all relevant details shall be given of any incomplete or abandoned test or trial relating to the veterinary medicinal product.
6. Pharmacological, toxicological, residue and safety tests shall be carried out in conformity with the provisions related to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) laid down in Directive 2004/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (2) and Directive 2004/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (3).
7. Member States shall ensure that all experiments on animals are conducted in accordance with Council Directive 86/609/EEC (4).
8. In order to monitor the risk/benefit assessment, any new information not in the original application and all pharmacovigilance information shall be submitted to the competent authority. After marketing authorisation has been granted, any change to the content of the dossier shall be submitted to the competent authorities in accordance with Commission Regulations (EC) No 1084/2003 (5) or (EC) No 1085/2003 (6) for veterinary medicinal products authorised as defined in Article 1 of those Regulations, respectively.
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(1) OJ L 228, 17.8.1991, p. 70. (2) OJ L 50, 20.2.2004, p. 44. (3) OJ L 50, 20.2.2004, p. 28. (4) OJ L 358, 18.12.1986, p. 1. (5) OJ L 159, 27.6.2003, p. 1. (6) OJ L 159, 27.6.2003, p. 24.
9. The environmental risk assessment connected with the release of veterinary medicinal products containing or consisting of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) within the meaning of Article 2 of Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (1) shall be provided in the dossier. The information shall be presented in accordance with the provisions of Directive 2001/18/EC and Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2), taking into account guidance documents published by the Commission.
10. In cases of applications for marketing authorisations for veterinary medicinal products indicated for animal species and indications representing smaller market sectors, a more flexible approach may be applicable. In such cases, relevant scientific guidelines and/or scientific advice should be taken into account.
This Annex is divided in four titles:
Title I describes the standardised requirements for applications for veterinary medicinal products other than immunological veterinary medicinal products.
Title II describes the standardised requirements for applications for immuno logical veterinary medicinal products.
Title III describes specific types of marketing authorisation dossiers and requirements.
Title IV describes the dossier requirements for particular types of veterinary medicinal products.
TITLE I
REQUIREMENTS FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OTHER THAN IMMUNOLOGICAL VETERINARY MEDICINAL
PRODUCTS
The following requirements shall apply to veterinary medicinal products other than immunological veterinary medicinal products, except where otherwise set out in Title III.
PART 1: SUMMARY OF THE DOSSIER
A. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
The veterinary medicinal product, which is the subject of the application, shall be identified by its name and by the name of the active substance(s), together with the strength, the pharmaceutical form, the route and method of administration (see Article 12(3)(f) of Directive) and a description of the final presentation of the product, including packaging, labelling and package leaflet (see Article 12(3) (l) of Directive).
The name and address of the applicant shall be given, together with the name and address of the manufacturers and the sites involved in the different stages of the manufacture, testing and release (including the manufacturer of the finished product and the manufacturer(s) of the active substance(s)), and where relevant the name and address of the importer.
The applicant shall identify the number and titles of volumes of documentation submitted in support of the application and indicate what samples, if any, are also provided.
Annexed to the administrative information shall be a document showing that the manufacturer is authorised to produce the veterinary medicinal products concerned, as defined in Article 44, together with a list of countries in which authorisation has been granted, copies of all the summaries of product char acteristics in accordance with Article 14 as approved by Member States and a list of countries in which an application has been submitted or refused.
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(1) OJ L 106, 17.4.2001, p. 1. (2) OJ L 136, 30.4.2004, p. 1.
B. SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS, LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET
The applicant shall propose a summary of the product characteristics, in accordance with Article 14 of this Directive.
A proposed labelling text for the immediate and outer packaging shall be provided in accordance with Title V of this Directive, together with a package leaflet where one is required pursuant to Article 61. In addition the applicant shall provide one or more specimens or mock-ups of the final presentation(s) of the veterinary medicinal product in at least one of the official languages of the European Union; the mock-up may be provided in black and white and elec tronically where prior agreement from the competent authority has been obtained.
C. DETAILED AND CRITICAL SUMMARIES
In accordance with Article 12(3), detailed and critical summaries shall be provided on the results of pharmaceutical (physico-chemical, biological or microbiological) tests, of the safety tests and residue tests, of the pre-clinical and clinical trials and of the tests assessing the potential risks posed by the veterinary medicinal product for the environment.
Each detailed and critical summary shall be prepared in the light of the state of scientific knowledge at the time of submission of the application. It shall contain an evaluation of the various tests and trials, which constitute the marketing authorisation dossier, and shall address all points relevant to the assessment of the quality, safety and efficacy of the veterinary medicinal product. It shall give detailed results of the tests and trials submitted and precise bibliographic references.
All important data shall be summarised in an appendix, whenever possible in tabular or graphic form. The detailed and critical summaries and the appendices shall contain precise cross references to the information contained in the main documentation.
The detailed and critical summaries shall be signed and dated, and information about the author's educational background, training and occupational experience shall be attached. The professional relationship of the author with the applicant shall be declared.
Where the active substance has been included in a medicinal product for human use authorised in accordance with the requirements of Annex I to Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (1) the overall quality summary provided for in Module 2, section 2.3 of that Annex may replace the summary regarding the documentation related to the active substance or the product, as appropriate.
Where the competent authority has publicly announced that the chemical, phar maceutical and biological/microbiological information for the finished product may be included in the dossier in the Common Technical Document (CTD) format only, the detailed and critical summary on the results of pharmaceutical tests may be presented in the quality overall summary format.
In the case of application for an animal species or for indications representing smaller market sectors, the quality overall summary format may be used without prior agreement of the competent authorities.
PART 2: PHARMACEUTICAL (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL OR MICROBIOLOGICAL INFORMATION (QUALITY))
Basic principles and requirements
The particulars and documents which shall accompany the application for marketing authorisation pursuant to the first indent of Article 12(3)(j) shall be submitted in accordance with the requirements below.
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(1) OJ L 311, 28.11.2001, p. 67.
The pharmaceutical (physico-chemical, biological or microbiological) data shall include for the active substance(s) and for the finished veterinary medicinal product information on the manufacturing process, the characterisation and properties, the quality control procedures and requirements, the stability as well as a description of the composition, the development and presentation of the veterinary medicinal product.
All monographs, including general monographs and general chapters of the European Pharmacopoeia, or failing that, of a Member State are applicable.
All test procedures shall fulfil the criteria for analysis and control of the quality of the starting materials and the finished product and should take account of established guidance and requirements. The results of the validation studies shall be provided.
All the test procedure(s) shall be described in sufficiently precise detail so as to be reproducible in control tests, carried out at the request of the competent authority; any special apparatus and equipment, which may be used shall be described in adequate detail, possibly accompanied by a diagram. The formulae of the laboratory reagents shall be supplemented, if necessary, by the method of preparation. In the case of test procedures included in the European Pharmacopoeia or the pharmacopoeia of a Member State, this description may be replaced by a detailed reference to the pharmacopoeia in question.
Where relevant, chemical and biological reference material of the European Pharmacopoeia shall be used. If other reference preparations and standards are used, they shall be identified and described in detail.
In cases where the active substance has been included in a medicinal product for human use authorised in accordance with the requirements of Annex I to Directive 2001/83/EC the chemical, pharmaceutical and biological/microbiological information provided for in Module 3 of that Directive may replace the documentation related to the active substance or the finished product, as appropriate.
The chemical, pharmaceutical and biological/microbiological information for the active substance or the finished product may be included in the dossier in CTD format only where the competent authority has publicly announced this possi bility.
In the case of any application for an animal species or for indications repre senting smaller market sectors the CTD format may be followed without prior agreement of the competent authorities.
A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PARTICULARS OF THE CONSTITUENTS
1. Qualitative particulars
‘Qualitative particulars’ of all the constituents of the medicinal product shall mean the designation or description of:
— the active substance(s),
— the constituents of the excipients, whatever their nature or the quantity used, including colouring matter, preservatives, adjuvants, stabilisers, thickeners, emulsifiers, flavouring and aromatic substances,
— the constituents, intended to be ingested or otherwise administered to animals, of the outer covering of the veterinary medicinal products, such as capsules, gelatine capsules.
These particulars shall be supplemented by any relevant data concerning the immediate packaging and if relevant the secondary packaging and, where appro priate, its manner of closure, together with details of devices with which the medicinal product will be used or administered and which will be supplied with the medicinal product.
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2. Usual terminology
The usual terminology to be used in describing the constituents of veterinary medicinal products means, notwithstanding the application of the other provisions of Article 12(3)(c):
— in respect of constituents which appear in the European Pharmacopoeia or, failing this, in the national pharmacopoeia of one of the Member States, the main title at the head of the monograph in question, with reference to the pharmacopoeia concerned,
— in respect of other constituents, the international non-proprietary name (INN) recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO), which may be accompanied by another non-proprietary name, or, failing these, the exact scientific designation; constituents not having an international non-proprietary name or an exact scientific designation shall be described by a statement of how and from what they were prepared, supplemented, where appropriate, by any other relevant details,
— in respect of colouring matter, designation by the ‘E’ code assigned to them by Council Directive 78/25/EEC (1).
3. Quantitative particulars
3.1. In order to give ‘quantitative particulars’ of all the active substances of the veterinary medicinal products, it is necessary, depending on the pharmaceutical form concerned, to specify the mass, or the number of units of biological activity, either per dosage-unit or per unit of mass or volume, of each active substance.
Units of biological activity shall be used for substances, which cannot be defined chemically. Where an International Unit of biological activity has been defined by the World Health Organisation, this shall be used. Where no International Unit has been defined, the units of biological activity shall be expressed in such a way as to provide unambiguous information on the activity of the substances by using where applicable the European Pharmacopoeia Units.
Whenever possible, biological activity per units of mass or volume shall be indicated. This information shall be supplemented:
— in respect of single-dose preparations, by the mass or units of biological activity of each active substance in the unit container, taking into account the usable volume of the product, after reconstitution, where appropriate,
— in respect of veterinary medicinal products to be administered by drops, by the mass or units of biological activity of each active substance contained per drop or contained in the number of drops corresponding to 1 ml or 1 g of the preparation,
— in respect of syrups, emulsions, granular preparations and other phar maceutical forms to be administered in measured quantities, by the mass or units of biological activity of each active substance per measured quantity.
3.2. Active substances present in the form of compounds or derivatives shall be described quantitatively by their total mass, and if necessary or relevant, by the mass of the active entity or entities of the molecule.
3.3. For veterinary medicinal products containing an active substance which is the subject of an application for marketing authorisation in any Member State for the first time, the quantitative statement of an active substance which is a salt or hydrate shall be systematically expressed in terms of the mass of the active entity or entities in the molecule. All subsequently authorised veterinary medicinal products in the Member States shall have their quantitative composition stated in the same way for the same active substance.
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(1) OJ L 11, 14.1.1978, p. 18.
4. Development pharmaceutics
An explanation shall be provided with regard to the choice of composition, constituents, immediate packaging, possible further packaging, outer packaging if relevant, the intended function of the excipients in the finished product and the method of manufacture of the finished product. This explanation shall be supported by scientific data on development pharmaceutics. The overage, with justification thereof, shall be stated. The microbiological characteristics (microbi ological purity and antimicrobial activity) and usage instructions shall be proven to be appropriate for the intended use of the veterinary medicinal product as specified in the marketing authorisation application dossier.
B. DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUFACTURING METHOD
The name, address and responsibility of each manufacturer and each proposed production site or facility involved in manufacturing and testing shall be indicated.
The description of the manufacturing method accompanying the application for marketing authorisation pursuant to Article 12(3)(d), shall be drafted in such a way as to give an adequate synopsis of the nature of the operations employed.
For this purpose it shall include at least:
— mention of the various stages of manufacture, so that an assessment can be made of whether the processes employed in producing the pharmaceutical form might have produced an adverse change in the constituents,
— in the case of continuous manufacture, full details concerning precautions taken to ensure the homogeneity of the finished product,
— the actual manufacturing formula, with the quantitative particulars of all the substances used, the quantities of excipients, however, being given in approximate terms insofar as the pharmaceutical form makes this necessary; mention shall be made of any substances that may disappear in the course of manufacture; any overage shall be indicated and justified,
— a statement of the stages of manufacture at which sampling is carried out for in-process control tests and the limits applied, where other data in the documents supporting the application show such tests to be necessary for the quality control of the finished product,
— experimental studies validating the manufacturing process and where appro priate a process validation scheme for production scale batches,
— for sterile products, where non-pharmacopoeial standard sterilisation conditions are used, details of the sterilisation processes and/or aseptic procedures used.
C. CONTROL OF STARTING MATERIALS
1. General requirements
For the purposes of this paragraph, ‘starting materials’ shall mean all the constituents of the veterinary medicinal product and, if necessary, of its container including its closure, as referred to in Section A, point 1, above.
The dossier shall include the specifications and information on the tests to be conducted for quality control of all batches of starting materials.
The routine tests carried out on each batch of starting materials must be as stated in the application for marketing authorisation. If tests other than those mentioned in a pharmacopoeia are used, this shall be justified by providing proof that the starting materials meet the quality requirements of that pharmacopoeia.
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Where a Certificate of Suitability has been issued by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare for a starting material, active substance or excipient, this Certificate constitutes the reference to the relevant monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia.
Where a Certificate of Suitability is referred to, the manufacturer shall give an assurance in writing to the applicant that the manufacturing process has not been modified since the granting of the certificate of suitability by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare.
Certificates of Analysis shall be presented for the starting materials in order to demonstrate compliance with the defined specification.
1.1. Active substances
The name, address, and responsibility of each manufacturer and each proposed production site or facility involved in manufacturing and testing of an active substance shall be indicated.
For a well-defined active substance, the active substance manufacturer or the applicant may arrange for the following information to be supplied in a separate document directly to the competent authorities by the manufacturer of the active substance as an Active Substance Master File:
(a) a detailed description of the manufacturing process;
(b) a description of the quality control during manufacture;
(c) a description of the process validation.
In this case, the manufacturer shall however provide the applicant with all the data which may be necessary for the latter to take responsibility for the veterinary medicinal product. The manufacturer shall confirm in writing to the applicant that he shall ensure batch to batch consistency and not modify the manufacturing process or specifications without informing the applicant. Documents and particulars supporting the application for such a change shall be supplied to the competent authorities those documents and particulars shall also be supplied to the applicant where they concern the applicant’s part of the Active Substance Master File.
Additionally, information on the method of manufacture, on quality control and on impurities as well as evidence of the molecular structure shall be provided where a Certificate of Suitability for the active substance is not available:
1. Information on the manufacturing process shall include a description of the active substance manufacturing process that represents the applicant’s commitment for the manufacture of the active substance. All materials needed in order to manufacture the active substance(s) shall be listed, iden tifying where each material is used in the process. Information on the quality and control of those materials shall be provided. Information demonstrating that materials meet standards which are appropriate for their intended use shall be provided.
2. Information on quality control shall contain tests (including acceptance criteria) carried out at every critical step, information on the quality and control of intermediates and process validation and/or evaluation studies as appropriate. It shall also contain validation data for the analytical methods applied to the active substance, where appropriate.
3. Information on impurities shall indicate predictable impurities together with the levels and nature of observed impurities. It shall also contain information on the safety of these impurities where relevant.
4. For biotechnological veterinary medicinal products, evidence of molecular structure shall include the schematic amino acid sequence and relative molecular mass.
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1.1.1. A c t i v e s u b s t a n c e s l i s t e d i n p h a r m a c o p o e i a s
The general and specific monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia shall be applicable to all active substances appearing in it.
Constituents fulfilling the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia or the pharmacopoeia of one of the Member States shall be deemed to comply sufficiently with Article 12(3)(i). In this case the description of the analytical methods and procedures shall be replaced in each relevant section by an appro priate reference to the pharmacopoeia in question.
In cases where a specification contained in a monograph of the European Phar macopoeia or in the national pharmacopoeia of a Member State is insufficient to ensure the quality of the substance, the competent authorities may request more appropriate specifications from the applicant, including limits for specific impurities with validated test procedures.
The competent authorities shall inform the authorities responsible for the phar macopoeia in question. The marketing authorisation holder shall provide the authorities of that pharmacopoeia with the details of the alleged insufficiency and the additional specifications applied.
In the absence of a European Pharmacopoeia monograph for an active substance, and where the active substance is described in the pharmacopoeia of a Member State, that monograph may be applied.
In cases where an active substance is described neither in the European Phar macopoeia nor in the pharmacopoeia of a Member State, compliance with the monograph of a third country pharmacopoeia may be accepted if its suitability is demonstrated; in such cases, the applicant shall submit a copy of the monograph accompanied by a translation where appropriate. Data to demonstrate the ability of the monograph to adequately control the quality of the active substance shall be presented.
1.1.2. A c t i v e s u b s t a n c e s n o t i n a p h a r m a c o p o e i a
Constituents which are not given in any pharmacopoeia shall be described in the form of a monograph under the following headings:
(a) the name of the constituent, meeting the requirements of Section A point 2, shall be supplemented by any trade or scientific synonyms;
(b) the definition of the substance, set down in a form similar to that used in the European Pharmacopoeia, shall be accompanied by any necessary explanatory evidence, especially concerning the molecular structure. Where substances can only be described by their manufacturing method, the description shall be sufficiently detailed to characterise a substance which is constant both on its composition and in its effects;
(c) methods of identification may be described in the form of complete tech niques as used for production of the substance, and in the form of tests which ought to be carried out as a routine matter;
(d) purity tests shall be described in relation to each individual predictable impurity, especially those which may have a harmful effect, and, if necessary, those which, having regard to the combination of substances to which the application refers, might adversely affect the stability of the medicinal product or distort analytical results;
(e) tests and limits to control parameters relevant to the finished product, such as particle size and sterility shall be described and methods shall be validated where relevant;
(f) with regard to complex substances of plant or animal origin, a distinction must be made between the case where multiple pharmacological effects render chemical, physical or biological control of the principal components necessary, and the case of substances containing one or more groups of principles having similar activity, in respect of which an overall method of assay may be accepted.
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Those data shall demonstrate that the proposed set of test procedures is sufficient to control the quality of the active substance from the defined source.
1.1.3. P h y s i c o - c h e m i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s l i a b l e t o a f f e c t b i o a v a i l a b i l i t y
The following items of information concerning active substances, whether or not listed in the pharmacopoeias, shall be provided as part of the general description of the active substances if the bioavailability of the veterinary medicinal product depends on them:
— crystalline form and solubility coefficients,
— particle size, where appropriate after pulverisation,
— state of hydration,
— oil/water coefficient of partition,
— pK/pH values.
The first three indents are not applicable to substances used solely in solution.
1.2. Excipients
The general and specific monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia shall be applicable to all substances appearing in it.
Excipients shall comply with the requirements of the appropriate European Phar macopoeia monograph. Where such a monograph does not exist reference may be made to the pharmacopoeia of a Member State. In the absence of such a monograph reference may be made to the pharmacopoeia of a third country. In this case the suitability of this monograph shall be demonstrated. Where appro priate, additional tests to control parameters such as particle size, sterility, residual solvents shall supplement the requirements of the monograph. In the absence of a pharmacopoeial monograph a specification shall be proposed and justified. The requirements for specifications as set out in section 1.1.2 (a to e) for the active substance shall be followed. The proposed methods and their supporting validation data shall be presented.
Colouring matters for inclusion in veterinary medicinal products shall satisfy the requirements of Directive 78/25/EEC, except for certain veterinary medicinal products for topical use, such as insecticidal collars and ear tags, where the use of other colouring matters is justified.
Colouring matters shall meet the purity criteria as laid down in Commission Directive 95/45/EC (1).
For novel excipients, that is to say excipient(s) used for the first time in a veterinary medicinal product or by a new route of administration, details of manufacture, characterisation, and controls, with cross references to supporting safety data, both clinical and non-clinical, shall be provided.
1.3. Container-closure systems
1.3.1. A c t i v e s u b s t a n c e
Information on the container-closure system for the active substance shall be given. The level of information required shall be determined by the physical state (liquid, solid) of the active substance.
1.3.2. F i n i s h e d p r o d u c t
Information on the container-closure system for the finished product shall be given. The level of information required shall be determined by the route of administration of the veterinary medicinal product and the physical state (liquid, solid) of the dosage form.
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(1) OJ L 226, 22.9.1995, p. 1.
Packaging materials shall comply with the requirements of the appropriate European Pharmacopoeia monograph. Where such a monograph does not exist reference may be made to the pharmacopoeia of a Member State. In the absence of such a monograph reference may be made to the Pharmacopoeia of a third country. In this case the suitability of this monograph shall be demon strated.
In the absence of a pharmacopoeial monograph, a specification shall be proposed and justified for the packaging material.
Scientific data on the choice and suitability of the packaging material shall be presented.
For novel packaging materials in contact with the product, information on their composition, manufacture and safety shall be presented.
Specifications and, if appropriate, performance data shall be presented for any dosing or administration device supplied with the veterinary medicinal product.
1.4. Substances of biological origin
Where source materials such as microorganisms, tissues of either plant or animal origin, cells or fluids (including blood) of human or animal origin or biotech nological cell constructs are used in the manufacture of veterinary medicinal products, the origin and history of starting materials shall be described and documented.
The description of the starting material shall include the manufacturing strategy, purification/inactivation procedures with their validation and all in-process control procedures designed to ensure the quality, safety and batch to batch consistency of the finished product.
When cell banks are used, the cell characteristics shall be shown to have remained unchanged at the passage level used for the production and beyond.
Seed materials, cell banks and pools of serum and, whenever possible, the source materials from which they are derived shall be tested for extraneous agents.
When starting materials of animal or human origin are used, the measures used to ensure freedom from potentially pathogenic agents shall be described.
If the presence of potentially pathogenic extraneous agents is inevitable, the material shall be used only when further processing ensures their elimination and/or inactivation, and this shall be validated.
Documentation shall be supplied to demonstrate that the seed materials, cell seeds, batches of serum and other material originating from animal species relevant for the transmission of TSE comply with the Note for Guidance on minimising the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy agents via human and veterinary medicinal products (1), as well as with the corre sponding monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia. Certificates of Suitability issued by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare, with reference to the relevant monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia, may be used to demonstrate compliance.
D. CONTROL TESTS CARRIED OUT AT INTERMEDIATE STAGES OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The dossier shall include particulars relating to the product control tests that may be carried out at an intermediate stage of the manufacturing process, with a view to ensuring the consistency of the technical characteristics and the production process.
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(1) OJ C 24, 28.1.2004, p. 6.
These tests are essential for checking the conformity of the veterinary medicinal product with the formula when, exceptionally, an applicant proposes an analytical method for testing the finished product which does not include the assay of all the active substances (or of all the excipient components subject to the same requirements as the active substances).
The same applies where the quality control of the finished product depends on in-process control tests, particularly if the substance is essentially defined by its manufacturing method.
Where an intermediate product may be stored prior to further processing or primary assembly, a shelf life for the intermediate product shall be defined on the basis of the data resulting from stability studies.
E. TESTS ON THE FINISHED PRODUCT
For the control of the finished product, a batch of a finished product comprises all the units of a pharmaceutical form which are made from the same initial quantity of material and have undergone the same series of manufacturing and/or sterilisation operations or, in the case of a continuous production process, all the units manufactured in a given period of time.
The application for marketing authorisation shall list those tests, which are carried out routinely on each batch of finished product. The frequency of the tests which are not carried out routinely shall be stated. Release limits shall be indicated.
The dossier shall include particulars relating to control tests on the finished product at release. They shall be submitted in accordance with the following requirements.
The provisions of the relevant monographs and general chapters of the European Pharmacopoeia, or failing that, of a Member State, shall be applicable to all products defined therein.
If test procedures and limits other than those mentioned in the relevant monographs and general chapters of the European Pharmacopoeia, or failing this, in the pharmacopoeia of a Member State are used, this shall be justified by providing proof that the finished product would, if tested in accordance with those monographs, meet the quality requirements of that pharmacopoeia for the pharmaceutical form concerned.
1. General characteristics of the finished product
Certain tests of the general characteristics of a product shall always be included among the tests on the finished product. These tests shall, wherever applicable, relate to the control of average masses and maximum deviations, to mechanical, physical or microbiological tests, organoleptic characteristics, physical char acteristics such as density, pH, refractive index. For each of these characteristics, standards and tolerance limits shall be specified by the applicant in each particular case.
The conditions of the tests, where appropriate, the equipment/apparatus employed and the standards shall be described in precise details whenever they are not given in the European Pharmacopoeia or the pharmacopoeia of the Member States; the same shall apply in cases where the methods prescribed by such pharmacopoeias are not applicable.
Furthermore, solid pharmaceutical forms having to be administered orally shall be subjected to in vitro studies on the liberation and dissolution rate of the active substance or substances, unless otherwise justified. Those studies shall also be carried out where administration is by another means if the competent authorities of the Member State concerned consider this necessary.
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2. Identification and assay of active substance(s)
Identification and assay of the active substance(s) shall be carried out either in a representative sample from the production batch or in a number of dosage units analysed individually.
Unless there is appropriate justification, the maximum acceptable deviation in the active substance content of the finished product shall not exceed ± 5 % at the time of manufacture.
On the basis of the stability tests, the manufacturer shall propose and justify maximum acceptable deviation limits in the active substance content of the finished product up to the end of the proposed shelf life.
In certain cases of particularly complex mixtures, where assay of active substances which are very numerous or present in very low amounts would necessitate an intricate investigation difficult to carry out in respect of each production batch, the assay of one or more active substances in the finished product may be omitted, on the express condition that such assays are made at intermediate stages in the production process. This simplified technique may not be extended to the characterisation of the substances concerned. It shall be supplemented by a method of quantitative evaluation, enabling the competent authority to have the conformity of the medicinal product with its specification verified after it has been placed on the market.
An in vivo or in vitro biological assay shall be obligatory when physico-chemical methods cannot provide adequate information on the quality of the product. Such an assay shall, whenever possible, include reference materials and statistical analysis allowing calculation of confidence limits. Where these tests cannot be carried out on the finished product, they may be performed at an intermediate stage, as late as possible in the manufacturing process.
Where degradation occurs during manufacture of the finished product, the maximum acceptable levels of individual and total degradation products immediately following manufacture shall be indicated.
Where the particulars given in Section B show that a significant overage of an active substance is employed in the manufacture of the medicinal product or where the stability data show that the assay of the active substance declines on storage, the description of the control tests on the finished product shall include, where appropriate, the chemical and, if necessary, the toxico-pharmaco logical investigation of the changes that this substance has undergone, and possibly the characterisation and/or assay of the degradation products.
3. Identification and assay of excipient components
An identification test and an upper and lower limit test shall be obligatory for each individual antimicrobiological preservative and for any excipient that is liable to affect the bioavailability of the active substance, unless the bioavail ability is guaranteed by other appropriate tests. An identification test and an upper limit test shall be obligatory for any antioxidant and for any excipient liable to adversely affect physiological functions, with a lower limit test also included for antioxidants at time of release.
4. Safety tests
Apart from the toxico-pharmacological tests submitted with the application for marketing authorisation, particulars of safety tests, such as sterility and bacterial endotoxins, shall be included in the analytical particulars wherever such tests must be undertaken as a matter of routine in order to verify the quality of the product.
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F. STABILITY TEST
1. Active substances(s)
A retest period and storage conditions for the active substance shall be specified except in the case where the active substance is the subject of a monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia and the manufacturer of the finished product fully retests the active substance immediately before its use in the manufacture of the finished product.
Stability data shall be presented to support the defined retest period and storage conditions. The type of stability studies conducted, protocols used, the analytical procedures used and their validation together with the detailed results shall be presented. The stability commitment with a summary of the protocol shall be provided.
However, where a Certificate of Suitability for the active substance from the proposed source is available and specifies a retest period and storage conditions, stability data for the active substance from that source are not required.
2. Finished product
A description shall be given of the investigations by which the shelf life, the recommended storage conditions and the specifications at the end of the shelf life proposed by the applicant have been determined.
The type of stability studies conducted, protocols used, the analytical procedures used and their validation together with the detailed results shall be presented.
Where a finished product requires reconstitution or dilution prior to adminis tration, details of the proposed shelf life and specification for the reconstituted/ diluted product are required, supported by relevant stability data.
In the case of multi-dose containers, where relevant, stability data shall be presented to justify a shelf life for the product after it has been broached for the first time and an in-use specification shall be defined.
Where a finished product is liable to give rise to degradation products, the applicant shall declare these and indicate the identification methods and test procedures.
The conclusions shall contain the results of analyses, justifying the proposed shelf life and if appropriate, the in-use shelf life, under the recommended storage conditions and the specifications of the finished product at the end of the shelf life, and in-use shelf life if appropriate, of the finished product under these recommended storage conditions.
The maximum acceptable level of individual and total degradation products at the end of shelf life shall be indicated.
A study of the interaction between product and container shall be submitted wherever the risk of such interaction is regarded as possible, especially where injectable preparations are concerned.
The stability commitment with a summary of the protocol shall be provided.
G. OTHER INFORMATION
Information relating to the quality of the veterinary medicinal product not covered in the previous sections may be included in the dossier.
For medicated premixes (products intended for incorporation into medicated feedingstuffs), information shall be provided on inclusion rates, instructions for incorporation, homogeneity in-feed, compatibility/suitable feedingstuffs, stability in-feed, and the proposed in-feed shelf life. A specification for the medicated feedingstuffs, manufactured using these pre-mixes in accordance with the recom mended instructions for use shall also be provided.
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PART 3: SAFETY AND RESIDUES TESTS
The particulars and documents which shall accompany the application for marketing authorisation pursuant to the second and fourth indents of Article 12 (3)(j) shall be submitted in accordance with the requirements below.
A. Safety tests
CHAPTER I: PERFORMANCE OF TESTS
The safety documentation shall show:
(a) the potential toxicity of the veterinary medicinal product and any dangerous or undesirable effects which may occur under the proposed conditions of use in animals; these should be evaluated in relation to the severity of the pathological condition concerned;
(b) the potential harmful effects to man of residues of the veterinary medicinal product or substance in foodstuffs obtained from treated animals and what difficulties these residues may create in the industrial processing of foodstuffs;
(c) the potential risks which may result from the exposure of human beings to the veterinary medicinal product, for example during its administration to the animal;
(d) the potential risks for the environment resulting from the use of the veterinary medicinal product.
All results shall be reliable and valid generally. Whenever appropriate, math ematical and statistical procedures shall be used in designing the experimental methods and in evaluating the results. Additionally, information shall be provided regarding the therapeutic potential of the product and about the hazards connected with its use.
In some cases it may be necessary to test the metabolites of the parent compound where these represent the residues of concern.
An excipient used in the pharmaceutical field for the first time shall be treated like an active substance.
1. Precise identification of the product and of its active substance(s)
— international non-proprietary name (INN),
— International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Name (IUPAC),
— Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number,
— therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical classification,
— synonyms and abbreviations,
— structural formula,
— molecular formula,
— molecular weight,
— degree of impurity,
— qualitative and quantitative composition of impurities,
— description of physical properties,
— melting point,
— boiling point,
— vapour pressure,
— solubility in water and organic solvents expressed in g/l, with indication of temperature,
— density,
— spectra of refraction, rotation, etc,
— formulation of the product.
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2. Pharmacology
Pharmacological studies are of fundamental importance in clarifying the mechanisms by which the veterinary medicinal product produces its therapeutic effects and therefore pharmacological studies conducted in experimental and target species of animal shall be included in Part 4.
However, pharmacological studies may also assist in the understanding of toxi cological phenomena. Moreover, where a veterinary medicinal product produces pharmacological effects in the absence of a toxic response, or at doses lower than those required to elicit toxicity, these pharmacological effects shall be taken into account during the evaluation of the safety of the veterinary medicinal product.
Therefore the safety documentation shall always be preceded by details of phar macological investigations undertaken in laboratory animals and all relevant information observed during clinical studies in the target animal.
2.1. Pharmacodynamics
Information on the mechanism of action of the active substance(s) shall be provided, together with information on primary and secondary pharmacodynamic effects in order to assist in the understanding of any adverse effects in the animal studies.
2.2. Pharmacokinetics
Data on the fate of the active substance and its metabolites in the species used in the toxicological studies shall be provided, covering absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). The data shall be related to the dose/effect findings in the pharmacological and toxicological studies, to determine adequate exposure. Comparison with the pharmacokinetic data obtained in the studies on the target species, Part 4, Chapter I, Section A.2, shall be included in Part 4 in order to determine the relevance of the results obtained in the toxicology studies for the toxicity to the target species.
3. Toxicology
The documentation on toxicology shall follow the guidance published by the Agency on the general approach to testing and guidance on particular studies. This guidance includes:
1. basic tests required for all new veterinary medicinal products for use in food- producing animals in order to assess the safety of any residues present in food for human consumption;
2. additional tests that may be required depending on specific toxicological concerns such as those associated with the structure, class, and mode of action of the active substance(s);
3. special tests which might assist in the interpretation of data obtained in the basic or additional tests.
The studies shall be conducted with the active substance(s), not with the formulated product. Where studies of the formulated product are required, this is specified in the text below.
3.1. Single-dose toxicity
Single-dose toxicity studies may be used to predict:
— the possible effects of acute overdosage in the target species,
— the possible effects of accidental administration to humans,
— the doses which may usefully be employed in the repeat dose studies.
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Single-dose toxicity studies should reveal the acute toxic effects of the substance and the time course for their onset and remission.
The studies to be carried out shall be selected with a view to providing information on user safety, e.g. if substantial exposure by inhalation or dermal contact of the user of the veterinary medicinal product is anticipated, those routes of exposure shall be studied.
3.2. Repeat-dose toxicity
Repeat-dose toxicity tests are intended to reveal any physiological and/or path ological changes induced by repeated administration of the active substance or combination of active substances under examination, and to determine how these changes are related to dosage.
In the case of pharmacologically active substances or veterinary medicinal products intended solely for use in non-food-producing animals, a repeat-dose toxicity study in one species of experimental animal shall normally be sufficient. This study may be replaced by a study conducted in the target animal. The frequency and route of administration, and the duration of the study shall be chosen having regard to the proposed conditions of clinical use. The investigator shall give his reasons for the extent and duration of the trials and the dosages chosen.
In the case of substances or veterinary medicinal products intended for use in food-producing animals, repeat-dose (90 day) toxicity testing shall be performed in a rodent and a non-rodent species in order to identify target organs and toxicological endpoints and identify the appropriate species and the dose levels to be used in chronic toxicity testing, if appropriate.
The investigator shall give his reasons for the choice of species, having regard to the available knowledge of the metabolism of the product in animals and man. The test substance shall be administered orally. The investigator shall clearly state and give his reasons for the method and frequency of administration and the length of the trials.
The maximum dose should normally be selected so as to bring harmful effects to light. The lowest dose level should not produce any evidence of toxicity.
Evaluation of the toxic effects shall be based on observation of behaviour, growth, haematology and physiological tests, especially those relating to the excretory organs, and also on autopsy reports and accompanying histological data. The choice and range of each group of tests depends on the species of animal used and the state of scientific knowledge at the time.
In the case of new combinations of known substances which have been inves tigated in accordance with the provisions of this Directive, the repeat-dose tests may, except where toxicity tests have demonstrated potentiation or novel toxic effects, be suitably modified by the investigator, who shall submit his reasons for such modifications.
3.3. Tolerance in the target species
A summary shall be provided of any signs of intolerance which have been observed during studies conducted, usually with the final formulation, in the target species in accordance with the requirements of Part 4, Chapter I, Section B. The studies concerned, the dosages at which the intolerance occurred and the species and breeds concerned shall be identified. Details of any unexpected physiological changes shall also be provided. The full reports of these studies shall be included in Part 4.
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3.4. Reproductive toxicity including developmental toxicity
3.4.1. S t u d y o f t h e e f f e c t s o n r e p r o d u c t i o n
The purpose of this study is to identify possible impairment of male or female reproductive function or harmful effects on progeny resulting from the adminis tration of the veterinary medicinal products or substance under investigation.
In the case of pharmacologically active substances or veterinary medicinal products intended for use in food-producing animals, the study of the effects on reproduction shall be performed in the form of a multi-generation repro duction study, designed to detect any effect on mammalian reproduction. These include effects on male and female fertility, mating, conception, implan tation, ability to maintain pregnancy to term, parturition, lactation, survival, growth and development of the offspring from birth through to weaning, sexual maturity and the subsequent reproductive function of the offspring as adults. At least three dose levels shall be used. The maximum dose should be selected so as to bring harmful effects to light. The lowest dose level should not produce any evidence of toxicity.
3.4.2. S t u d y o f d e v e l o p m e n t a l t o x i c i t y
In the case of pharmacologically active substances or veterinary medicinal products intended for use in food-producing animals, tests on developmental toxicity shall be performed. These tests shall be designed to detect any adverse effects on the pregnant female and development of the embryo and foetus consequent to exposure of the female from implantation through gestation to the day before predicted birth. Such adverse effects include enhanced toxicity relative to that observed in non-pregnant females, embryo- foetal death, altered foetal growth, and structural changes to the foetus. A devel opmental toxicity test in the rat is required. Depending on the results, a study in a second species may have to be performed, in accordance with established guidance.
In the case of pharmacologically active substances or veterinary medicinal products not intended for use in food producing animals, a study of devel opmental toxicity shall be performed in at least one species, which may be the target species, if the product is intended for use in female animals which may be used for breeding. However, where the use of the veterinary medicinal product would result in significant exposure to users, standard developmental toxicity studies shall be performed.
3.5. Genotoxicity
Tests for genotoxic potential shall be performed to reveal changes which a substance may cause in the genetic material of cells. Any substance intended to be included in a veterinary medicinal product for the first time must be assessed for genotoxic properties.
A standard battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests in accordance with established guidance shall usually be carried out on the active substance(s). In some cases, it may also be necessary to test one or more metabolites that occur as residues in foodstuffs.
3.6. Carcinogenicity
The decision on whether carcinogenicity testing is required shall take into account the results of genotoxicity tests, structure-activity relationships and the findings in systemic toxicity tests that may be relevant to neoplastic lesions in longer term studies.
Any known species specificity of the mechanism of toxicity shall be considered, as well as any differences in metabolism between the test species, target animal species, and human beings.
Where carcinogenicity testing is necessary, generally a two-year rat study and an 18-month mouse study are required. With appropriate scientific justification, carci nogenicity studies may be carried out in one rodent species, preferably the rat.
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3.7. Exceptions
Where a veterinary medicinal product is intended for topical use, systemic absorption shall be investigated in the target animal species. If it is proved that systemic absorption is negligible, the repeated dose toxicity tests, the tests for reproductive toxicity and the carcinogenicity tests may be omitted, unless:
— under the intended conditions of use laid down, oral ingestion of the veterinary medicinal product by the animal is to be expected, or
— under the intended conditions of use laid down, exposure of the user of the veterinary medicinal product by other routes than the dermal route is to be expected, or
— the active substance or metabolites may enter foodstuffs obtained from the treated animal.
4. Other requirements
4.1. Special studies
For particular groups of substances or if the effects observed during repeated dose studies in animals include changes indicative of e.g. immunotoxicity, neur otoxicity- or, endocrine dysfunction, further testing shall be required, e.g. sensiti sation studies or delayed neurotoxicity tests. Depending on the nature of the product, it may be necessary to conduct additional studies to assess the underlying mechanism of the toxic effect or the irritation potential. Such studies shall usually be conducted with the final formulation.
The state of scientific knowledge and established guidance shall be taken into account when designing such studies and evaluating their results.
4.2. Microbiological properties of residues
4.2.1. P o t e n t i a l e f f e c t s o n t h e h u m a n g u t f l o r a
The potential microbiological risk presented by residues of antimicrobial compounds for the human intestinal flora shall be investigated in accordance with established guidance.
4.2.2. P o t e n t i a l e f f e c t s o n t h e m i c r o o r g a n i s m s u s e d f o r i n d u s t r i a l f o o d p r o c e s s i n g
In certain cases, it may be necessary to carry out tests to determine whether microbiologically active residues may interfere in technological processes in the industrial processing of foodstuff.
4.3. Observations in humans
Information shall be provided showing whether the pharmacologically active substances of the veterinary medicinal product are used as medicinal products in human therapy; if this is so, a compilation shall be made of all the effects observed (including adverse reactions) in humans and of their cause, to the extent that they may be important for the assessment of the safety of the veterinary medicinal product, where appropriate including results from published studies; where constituents of the veterinary medicinal products are themselves not used or are no longer used as medicinal products in human therapy, the reasons shall be stated.
4.4. Development of resistance
Data on the potential emergence of resistant bacteria of relevance for human health are necessary in the case of veterinary medicinal products. The mechanism of the development of such resistance is particularly important in this regard. Where necessary, measures to limit resistance development from the intended use of the veterinary medicinal product shall be proposed.
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Resistance relevant for clinical use of the product shall be addressed in accordance with Part 4. Where relevant, cross reference shall be made to the data set out in Part 4.
5. User safety
This section shall include a discussion of the effects found in the preceding sections and relate this to the type and extent of human exposure to the product with a view to formulating appropriate user warnings and other risk management measures.
6. Environmental risk assessment
6.1. Environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products not containing or consisting of genetically modified organisms
An environmental risk assessment shall be performed to assess the potential harmful effects, which the use of the veterinary medicinal product may cause to the environment and to identify the risk of such effects. The assessment shall also identify any precautionary measures which may be necessary to reduce such risk.
This assessment shall normally be conducted in two phases. The first phase of the assessment shall always be performed. The details of the assessment shall be provided in accordance with accepted guidance. It shall indicate the potential exposure of the environment to the product and the level of risk associated with any such exposure taking into account in particular the following items:
— the target animal species, and the proposed pattern of use,
— the method of administration, in particular the likely extent to which the product will enter directly into environmental systems,
— the possible excretion of the product, its active substances or relevant meta bolites into the environment by treated animals; persistence in such excreta,
— the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal product or other waste product.
In the second phase, further specific investigation of the fate and effects of the product on particular ecosystems shall be conducted, in accordance with estab lished guidance. The extent of exposure of the product to the environment, and the available information about the physical/chemical, pharmacological and/or toxicological properties of the substance(s) concerned, including metabolites in case of an identified risk, which has been obtained during the conduct of the other tests and trials required by this Directive, shall be taken into consideration.
6.2. Environmental risk assessment for veterinary medicinal products containing or consisting of genetically modified organisms
In the case of a veterinary medicinal product containing or consisting of genetically modified organisms the application shall also be accompanied by the documents required under Article 2 and Part C of Directive 2001/18/EC.
CHAPTER II: PRESENTATION OF PARTICULARS AND DOCUMENTS
The dossier of safety tests shall include the following:
— an index of all studies included in the dossier,
— a statement confirming that all data known by the applicant at the time of submission, whether favourable or unfavourable, are included,
— a justification for the omission of any type of study,
— an explanation of the inclusion of an alternative type of study,
— a discussion of the contribution that any study that pre-dates studies performed in line with good laboratory practice (GLP) according to Directive 2004/10/EC can make to the overall risk assessment.
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Each study report shall include:
— a copy of the study plan (protocol),
— a statement of compliance with good laboratory practice, where applicable,
— a description of the methods, apparatus and materials used,
— a description and justification of the test system,
— a description of the results obtained, in sufficient detail to allow the results to be critically evaluated independently of their interpretation by the author,
— a statistical analysis of the results where appropriate,
— a discussion of the results, with comment on observed and no-observed-effect levels, and on any unusual findings,
— a detailed description and a thorough discussion of the results of the study of the safety profile of the active substance, and its relevance for the evaluation of potential risks presented by residues to humans.
B. Residue tests
CHAPTER I: PERFORMANCE OF TESTS
1. Introduction
For the purposes of this Annex, the definitions of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 (1) shall apply.
The purpose of studying the depletion of residues from the edible tissues or of eggs, milk and honey derived from treated animals is to determine under what conditions and to what extent residues may persist in foodstuffs produced from these animals. In addition, the studies shall enable the determination of a with drawal period.
In the case of veterinary medicinal products intended for use in food-producing animals, the residue documentation shall show:
1. to what extent, and how long, do residues of the veterinary medicinal product or its metabolites persist in the edible tissues of the treated animal or in milk, eggs and/or honey obtained therefrom;
2. that in order to prevent any risk to the health of the consumer of foodstuffs from treated animals, or difficulties in the industrial processing of foodstuffs, it is possible to establish realistic withdrawal periods which can be observed under practical farming conditions;
3. that the analytical method(s) used in the residues depletion study are sufficiently validated to provide the necessary reassurance that the residues data submitted are suitable as the basis for a withdrawal period.
2. Metabolism and residue kinetics
2.1. Pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)
A summary of the pharmacokinetic data shall be submitted with cross reference to the pharmacokinetic studies in target species submitted in Part 4. The full study report does not need to be submitted.
The purpose of pharmacokinetic studies with respect to residues of veterinary medicinal products is to evaluate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the product in the target species.
The final product, or a formulation, which has comparable characteristics in terms of bioavailability as the final product, shall be administered to the target animal species at the maximum recommended dose.
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(1) OJ L 224, 18.8.1990, p. 1.
Having regard to the method of administration, the extent of absorption of the veterinary medicinal product shall be fully described. If it is demonstrated that systemic absorption of products for topical application is negligible, further residue studies will not be required.
The distribution of the veterinary medicinal product in the target animal shall be described; the possibility of plasma protein binding or passage into milk or eggs and of the accumulation of lipophilic compounds shall be considered.
The pathways for the excretion of the product from the target animal shall be described. The major metabolites shall be identified and characterised.
2.2. Depletion of residues
The purpose of these studies, which measure the rate at which residues deplete in the target animal after the last administration of the medicinal product, is to permit the determination of withdrawal periods.
At a sufficient number of times after the test animal has received the final dose of the veterinary medicinal product, the quantities of residues present shall be determined by validated analytical methods; the technical procedures and the reliability and sensitivity of the methods employed shall be specified.
3. Residue analytical method
The analytical method(s) used in the residues depletion study (studies) and its (their) validation shall be described in detail.
The following characteristics shall be described:
— specificity,
— accuracy,
— precision,
— limit of detection,
— limit of quantification,
— practicability and applicability under normal laboratory conditions,
— susceptibility to interference,
— stability of incurred residues.
The suitability of the analytical method proposed shall be evaluated in the light of the state of scientific and technical knowledge at the time the application is submitted.
The analytical method shall be presented in an internationally agreed format.
CHAPTER II: PRESENTATION OF PARTICULARS AND DOCUMENTS
1. Identification of the product
An identification of the veterinary medicinal product(s) used in the testing shall be provided, including:
— composition,
— the physical and chemical (potency and purity) test results for the relevant batch(es),
— batch identification,
— relationship to the final product,
— specific activity and radio-purity of labelled substances,
— position of labelled atoms in the molecule.
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The dossier of residue tests shall include:
— an index of all studies included in the dossier,
— a statement confirming that all data known by the applicant at the time of submission, whether favourable or unfavourable, are included,
— a justification for the omission of any type of study,
— an explanation of the inclusion of an alternative type of study,
— a discussion of the contribution that any study that pre-dates GLP can make to the overall risk assessment,
— a withdrawal period proposal.
Each study report shall include:
— a copy of the study plan (protocol),
— a statement of compliance with good laboratory practice, where applicable,
— a description of the methods, apparatus and materials used,
— a description of the results obtained, in sufficient detail to allow the results to be critically evaluated independently of their interpretation by the author,
— a statistical analysis of the results where appropriate,
— a discussion of the results,
— an objective discussion of the results obtained, and proposals concerning the withdrawal periods necessary to ensure that no residues which might constitute a hazard for consumers are present in foodstuffs obtained from treated animals.
PART 4: PRE-CLINICAL AND CLINICAL TRIAL
The particulars and documents, which shall accompany applications for marketing authorisations pursuant to the third indent of Article 12(3)(j) shall be submitted in accordance with the requirements below.
CHAPTER I: PRE-CLINICAL REQUIREMENTS
Pre-clinical studies are required to establish the pharmacological activity and the tolerance of the product.
A. Pharmacology
A.1. Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamic effects of the active substance(s) included in the veterinary medicinal product shall be characterised.
First, the mechanism of action and the pharmacological effects on which the recommended application in practice is based shall be adequately described. The results shall be expressed in quantitative terms (using, for example, dose- effect curves, time-effect curves, etc.) and, wherever possible, in comparison with a substance the activity of which is well known. Where a higher efficacy is being claimed for an active substance, the difference shall be demonstrated and shown to be statistically significant.
Secondly, an overall pharmacological assessment of the active substance shall be provided, with special reference to the possibility of secondary pharmacological effects. In general, the effects on the main body functions shall be investigated.
Any effect of the other characteristics of the products (such as the route of administration or formulation) on the pharmacological activity of the active substance shall be investigated.
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The investigations shall be intensified where the recommended dose approaches a dose likely to produce adverse reactions.
The experimental techniques, unless they are standard procedures, shall be described in such detail as to allow them to be reproduced, and the investigator shall establish their validity. The experimental results shall be set out clearly and, for certain types of tests, their statistical significance quoted.
Unless good reasons are given to the contrary, any quantitative modification of responses resulting from repeated administration of the substance shall also be investigated.
Fixed combinations may be prompted either on pharmacological grounds or by clinical indications. In the first case, the pharmacodynamic and/or phar macokinetic studies shall demonstrate those interactions, which might make the combination itself of value in clinical use. In the second case, where scientific justification for the medicinal combination is sought through clinical experimen tation, the investigation shall determine whether the effects expected from the combination can be demonstrated in animals and, at least, the importance of any adverse reactions shall be checked. If a combination includes a new active substance, the latter shall have been previously studied in depth.
A.2. Development of resistance
Where relevant, data on the potential emergence of resistant organisms of clinical relevance are necessary for veterinary medicinal products. The mechanism of the development of such resistance is particularly important in this regard. Measures to limit resistance development from the intended use of the veterinary medicinal product shall be proposed by the applicant.
Where relevant, cross reference shall be made to data set out in Part 3.
A.3. Pharmacokinetics
Basic pharmacokinetic data concerning a new active substance are required in the context of assessment of the clinical safety and efficacy of the veterinary medicinal product.
The objectives of pharmacokinetic studies in the target animal species can be divided into three main areas:
(i) descriptive pharmacokinetics leading to the determination of basic parameters.;
(ii) use of these parameters to investigate the relationships between dosage regimen, plasma and tissue concentration over time and pharmacological, therapeutic or toxic effects;
(iii) where appropriate, to compare the kinetics between different target species and to explore possible species differences having an impact on target animal safety and efficacy of the veterinary medicinal product.
In the target animal species, pharmacokinetic studies are, as a rule, necessary as a complement to the pharmacodynamic studies to support the establishment of effective dosage regimens (route and site of administration, dose, dosing interval, number of administrations, etc.). Additional pharmacokinetic studies may be required to establish dosage regimens according to certain population variables.
Where pharmacokinetic studies have been submitted under Part 3 cross reference to such studies may be made.
In the case of new combinations of known substances which have been inves tigated in accordance with the provisions of this Directive, pharmacokinetic studies of the fixed combination are not required if it can be justified that the administration of the active substances as a fixed combination does not change their pharmacokinetic properties.
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Appropriate bioavailability studies shall be undertaken to establish bioequivalence:
— when comparing a reformulated veterinary medicinal product with the existing one,
— where necessary for the comparison of a new method or route of adminis tration with an established one.
B. Tolerance in the target animal species
The local and systemic tolerance of the veterinary medicinal product shall be inves tigated in the target animal species. The purpose of these studies is to characterise signs of intolerance and to establish an adequate margin of safety using the recom mended route(s) of administration. This may be achieved by increasing the thera peutic dose and/or the duration of treatment. The report on the trials shall contain details of all expected pharmacological effects and all adverse reactions.
CHAPTER II: CLINICAL REQUIREMENTS
1. General principles
The purpose of clinical trials is to demonstrate or substantiate the effect of the veterinary medicinal product after administration at the proposed dosage regimen via the proposed route of administration and to specify its indications and contra- indications according to species, age, breed and sex, its directions for use as well as any adverse reactions which it may have.
Experimental data shall be confirmed by data obtained under normal field conditions.
Unless justified, clinical trials shall be carried out with control animals (controlled clinical trials). The efficacy results obtained should be compared with those from the target animal species that have received a veterinary medicinal product authorised in the Community for the same indications for use in the same target animal species, or a placebo or no treatment. All the results obtained, whether positive or negative, shall be reported.
Established statistical principles shall be used in protocol design, analysis and evaluation of clinical trials, unless justified.
In the case of a veterinary medicinal product intended primarily for use as a performance enhancer, particular attention shall be given to:
1. the yield of animal produce,
2. the quality of animal produce (organoleptic, nutritional, hygienic and tech nological qualities),
3. nutritional efficiency and growth of target animal species,
4. general health status of the target animal species.
2. Conduct of clinical trials
All veterinary clinical trials shall be conducted in accordance with a detailed trial protocol.
Clinical field trials shall be conducted in accordance with established principles of good clinical practice, unless otherwise justified.
Before the commencement of any field trial, the informed consent of the owner of the animals to be used in the trial shall be obtained and documented. In particular, the animal owner shall be informed in writing of the consequences of participation in the trial for the subsequent disposal of treated animals or for the taking of foodstuffs from treated animals. A copy of this notification, countersigned and dated by the animal owner, shall be included in the trial documentation.
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Unless the field trial is conducted with a blind design, the provisions of Articles 55, 56 and 57 shall apply by analogy to the labelling of formulations intended for use in veterinary field trials. In all cases, the words ‘for veterinary field trial use only’ shall appear prominently and indelibly upon the labelling.
CHAPTER III: PARTICULARS AND DOCUMENTS
The dossier on efficacy shall include all pre-clinical and clinical documentation and/or results of trials, whether favourable or unfavourable to the veterinary medicinal products, in order to enable an objective overall assessment of the risk/benefit balance of the product.
1. Results of pre-clinical trials
Wherever possible, particulars shall be given of the results of:
(a) tests demonstrating pharmacological actions;
(b) tests demonstrating the pharmacodynamic mechanisms underlying the thera peutic effect;
(c) tests demonstrating the main pharmacokinetic profile;
(d) tests demonstrating target animal safety;
(e) tests investigating resistance.
Should unexpected results occur during the course of the tests, these should be detailed.
Additionally, the following particulars shall be provided in all pre-clinical studies:
(a) a summary;
(b) a detailed experimental protocol giving a description of the methods, apparatus and materials used, details such as species, age, weight, sex, number, breed or strain of animals, identification of animals, dose, route and schedule of administration;
(c) a statistical analysis of the results, where relevant;
(d) an objective discussion of the results obtained, leading to conclusions on the efficacy and safety of the veterinary medicinal product.
Total or partial omission of any of these data shall be justified.
2. Results of clinical trials
All the particulars shall be supplied by each of the investigators on individual record sheets in the case of individual treatment and collective record sheets in the case of collective treatment.
The particulars supplied shall take the following form:
(a) name, address, function and qualifications of investigator in charge;
(b) place and date of treatment; name and address of owner of the animals;
(c) details of the clinical trial protocol giving a description of the methods used, including methods of randomisation and blinding, details such as the route of administration, schedule of administration, the dose, identification of trial animals, species, breeds or strains, age, weight, sex, physiological status;
(d) method of animal management and feeding, stating the composition of the feed and the nature and quantity of any feed additives;
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(e) case history (as full as possible), including occurrence and course of any intercurrent diseases;
(f) diagnosis and means used to make it;
(g) clinical signs, if possible according to conventional criteria;
(h) precise identification of the formulation of the veterinary medicinal product used in the clinical trial and the physical and chemical test results for the relevant batch(es);
(i) dosage of the veterinary medicinal product, method, route and frequency of administration and precautions, if any, taken during administration (duration of injection, etc.);
(j) duration of treatment and period of subsequent observation;
(k) all details concerning other veterinary medicinal products which have been administered during the period of examination, either prior to or concurrently with the test product and, in the latter case, details of any interactions observed;
(l) all results of the clinical trials, fully describing the results based on the efficacy criteria and end points specified in the clinical trial protocol and including the results of the statistical analyses, if appropriate;
(m) all particulars of any unintended event, whether harmful or not, and of any measures taken in consequence; the cause-and-effect relationship shall be investigated if possible;
(n) effect on animals’ performance if appropriate;
(o) effects on the quality of foodstuffs obtained from treated animals, particularly in the case of veterinary medicinal products intended for use as performance enhancers;
(p) a conclusion on the safety and efficacy in each individual case or, summarised in terms of frequencies or other appropriate variables where specific mass treatment is concerned.
Omission of one or more items (a) to (p) shall be justified.
The marketing authorisation holder shall make all necessary arrangements to ensure that the original documents, which formed the basis of the data supplied, are kept for at least five years after the veterinary medicinal product is no longer authorised.
In respect of each clinical trial, the clinical observations shall be summarised in a synopsis of the trials and the results thereof, indicating in particular:
(a) the number of control and test animals treated either individually or collectively, with a breakdown according to species, breed or strain, age and sex;
(b) the number of animals withdrawn prematurely from the trials and the reasons for such withdrawal;
(c) in the case of control animals, whether they have:
— received no treatment, or
— received a placebo, or
— received another veterinary medicinal product authorised in the Community for the same indication for use in the same target animal species, or
— received the same active substance under investigation in a different formulation or by a different route;
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(d) the frequency of observed adverse reactions;
(e) observations as to the effect on animal performance, if appropriate;
(f) details concerning test animals which may be at increased risk owing to their age, their mode of rearing or feeding, or the purpose for which they are intended, or animals the physiological or pathological condition of which requires special consideration;
(g) a statistical evaluation of the results.
Finally, the investigator shall draw general conclusions on the efficacy and safety of the veterinary medicinal product under the proposed conditions of use, and in particular any information relating to indications and contraindications, dosage and average duration of treatment and where, appropriate, any interactions observed with other veterinary medicinal products or feed additives as well as any special precautions to be taken during treatment and the clinical symptoms of overdosage, when observed.
In the case of fixed combination products, the investigator shall also draw conclusions concerning the safety and the efficacy of the product when compared with the separate administration of the active substances involved.
TITLE II
REQUIREMENTS FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
Without prejudice to specific requirements laid down by Community legislation for the control and eradication of specific infectious animal diseases, the following requirements shall apply to immunological veterinary medicinal products, except when the products are intended for use in some species or with specific indications as defined in Title III and in relevant guidelines.
PART 1: SUMMARY OF THE DOSSIER
A. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
The immunological veterinary medicinal product, which is the subject of the application, shall be identified by name and by name of the active substance(s), together with the biological activity, potency or titre, the pharmaceutical form, the route and method if appropriate of administration and a description of the final presentation of the product, including packaging, labelling and leaflet. Diluents may be packed together with the vaccine vials or separately.
Information on diluents needed for making the final vaccine preparation shall be included in the dossier. An immunological veterinary medicinal product is regarded as one product even when more than one diluent is required so that different preparations of the final product can be prepared, which may be for administration by different routes or methods of administration.
The name and address of the applicant shall be given, together with the name and address of the manufacturer and the sites involved in the different stages of manufacture and control (including the manufacturer of the finished product and the manufacturer(s) of the active substance(s)) and where relevant the name and address of the importer.
The applicant shall identify the number and titles of volumes of documentation submitted in support of the application and indicate what samples, if any, are also provided.
Annexed to the administrative information shall be copies of a document showing that the manufacturer is authorised to produce immunological veterinary medicinal products, as defined in Article 44. Moreover, the list of organisms handled at the production site shall be given.
The applicant shall submit a list of countries in which authorisation has been granted, and a list of countries in which an application has been submitted or refused.
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B. SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS, LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET
The applicant shall propose a summary of the product characteristics, in accordance with Article 14.
A proposed labelling text for the immediate and outer packaging shall be provided in accordance with Title V of this Directive, together with a package leaflet where one is required pursuant to Article 61. In addition the applicant shall provide one or more specimens or mock-ups of the final presentation(s) of the veterinary medicinal product in at least one of the official languages of the European Union; the mock-up may be provided in black and white and elec tronically where prior agreement from the competent authority has been obtained.
C. DETAILED AND CRITICAL SUMMARIES
Each detailed and critical summary referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 12(3) shall be prepared in the light of the state of scientific knowledge at the time of submission of the application. It shall contain an evaluation of the various tests and trials, which constitute the marketing authorisation dossier and shall address all points relevant to the assessment of the quality, safety and efficacy of the immunological veterinary medicinal product. It shall give the detailed results of the tests and trials submitted and precise bibliographic references.
All important data shall be summarised in an appendix to the detailed and critical summaries, whenever possible in tabular or graphic form. The detailed and critical summaries shall contain precise cross references to the information contained in the main documentation.
The detailed and critical summaries shall be signed and dated, and information about the author's educational background, training and occupational experience shall be attached. The professional relationship of the author with the applicant shall be declared.
PART 2: CHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL/MICROBI OLOGICAL INFORMATION (QUALITY)
All test procedures shall fulfil the necessary criteria for analysis and control of the quality of the starting materials and the finished product and shall be validated procedures. The results of the validation studies shall be provided. Any special apparatus and equipment which may be used shall be described in adequate detail, possibly accompanied by a diagram. The formulae of the laboratory reagents shall be supplemented, if necessary, by the manufacturing method.
In the case of test procedures included in the European Pharmacopoeia or the pharmacopoeia of a Member State, this description may be replaced by a detailed reference to the pharmacopoeia in question.
Where available, chemical and biological reference material of the European Pharmacopoeia shall be used. If other reference preparations and standards are used, they shall be identified and described in detail.
A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PARTICULARS OF THE CONSTITUENTS
1. Qualitative particulars
‘Qualitative particulars’ of all the constituents of the immunological veterinary medicinal product shall mean the designation or description of:
— the active substance(s),
— the constituents of the adjuvants,
— the constituent(s) of the excipients, whatever their nature or the quantity used, including preservatives, stabilisers, emulsifiers, colouring matter, flavouring, aromatic substances, markers, etc.,
— the constituents of the pharmaceutical form administered to animals.
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These particulars shall be supplemented by any relevant data concerning the container and, where appropriate, its manner of closure, together with details of devices with which the immunological veterinary medicinal product will be used or administered and which will be delivered with the medicinal product. If the device is not delivered together with the immunological veterinary medicinal product, relevant information about the device shall be provided, where necessary for the assessment of the product.
2. ‘Usual terminology’
The ‘usual terminology’, to be used in describing the constituents of immuno logical veterinary medicinal products, shall mean, notwithstanding the application of the other provisions of Article 12(3)(c):
— in respect of substances which appear in the European Pharmacopoeia or, failing this, in the pharmacopoeia of one of the Member States, the main title of the monograph in question, which will be obligatory for all such substances, with reference to the pharmacopoeia concerned,
— in respect of other substances, the international non-proprietary name recom mended by the World Health Organisation, which may be accompanied by another non-proprietary name or, failing these, the exact scientific desig nation; substances not having an international non-proprietary name or an exact scientific designation shall be described by a statement of how and from what they were prepared, supplemented, where appropriate, by any other relevant details,
— in respect of colouring matter, designation by the ‘E’ code assigned to them in Directive 78/25/EEC.
3. Quantitative particulars
In order to give the ‘quantitative particulars’ of the active substances of an immunological veterinary medicinal product, it is necessary to specify whenever possible the number of organisms, the specific protein content, the mass, the number of International Units (IU) or units of biological activity, either per dosage-unit or volume, and with regard to the adjuvant and to the constituents of the excipients, the mass or the volume of each of them, with due allowance for the details provided in Section B.
Where an international unit of biological activity has been defined, this shall be used.
The units of biological activity for which no published data exist shall be expressed in such a way as to provide unambiguous information on the activity of the ingredients, e.g. by stating the immunological effect on which the method of determining the dose is based.
4. Product development
An explanation shall be provided with regard to the composition, components and containers, supported by scientific data on product development. The overage, with justification thereof, shall be stated.
B. DESCRIPTION OF MANUFACTURING METHOD
The description of the manufacturing method accompanying the application for marketing authorisation pursuant to Article 12(3)(d), shall be drafted in such a way as to give an adequate description of the nature of the operations employed.
For this purpose the description shall include at least:
— the various stages of manufacture (including production of the antigen and purification procedures) so that an assessment can be made of the repro ducibility of the manufacturing procedure and of the risks of adverse effects on the finished products, such as microbiological contamination; the validation of key stages in the production process shall be demonstrated and the validation of the production process as a whole shall be demonstrated with provision of results of three consecutive batches produced using the method described,
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— in the case of continuous manufacture, full details concerning precautions taken to ensure the homogeneity and consistency of each batch of the finished product,
— listing of all the substances at the appropriate steps where they are used, including those which cannot be recovered in the course of manufacturing,
— the details of the blending, with the quantitative particulars of all the substances used,
— a statement of the stages of manufacture at which sampling is carried out for control tests during production.
C. PRODUCTION AND CONTROL OF STARTING MATERIALS
For the purposes of this paragraph ‘starting materials’ means all components used in the production of the immunological veterinary medicinal product. Culture media consisting of several components used for production of the active substance shall be regarded as one starting material. Nevertheless, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the any culture media shall be presented in so far as the authorities consider that this information is relevant to the quality of the finished product and any risks that might be posed. If materials of animal origin are used for preparation of these culture media, the animal species and the tissue used have to be included.
The dossier shall include the specifications, information on the tests to be conducted for the quality control of all batches of starting materials and results for a batch for all components used and shall be submitted in accordance with the following provisions.
1. Starting materials listed in pharmacopoeias
The monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia shall be applicable to all starting materials appearing in it.
In respect of other substances, each Member State may require observance of its own national pharmacopoeia with regard to products manufactured in its territory.
Constituents fulfilling the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia or the pharmacopoeia of one of the Member States shall be deemed to comply sufficiently with Article 12(3)(i). In this case the description of the analytical methods may be replaced by a detailed reference to the pharmacopoeia in question.
Colouring matter shall, in all cases, satisfy the requirements of Directive 78/25/EEC.
The routine tests carried out on each batch of starting materials must be as stated in the application for marketing authorisation. If tests other than those mentioned in the pharmacopoeia are used, proof must be supplied that the starting materials meet the quality requirements of that pharmacopoeia.
In cases where a specification or other provisions contained in a monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia or in the pharmacopoeia of a Member State might be insufficient to ensure the quality of the substance, the competent authorities may request more appropriate specifications from the applicant for marketing authorisation. The alleged insufficiency shall be reported to the authorities responsible for the pharmacopoeia in question.
In cases where a starting material is described neither in the European Phar macopoeia nor in the pharmacopoeia of a Member State, compliance with the monograph of a third country pharmacopoeia can be accepted; in such cases, the applicant shall submit a copy of the monograph accompanied where necessary by the validation of the test procedures contained in the monograph and by a trans lation where appropriate.
When starting materials of animal origin are used, they shall comply with the relevant monographs including general monographs and general chapters of the European Pharmacopoeia. The tests and controls conducted shall be appropriate to the starting material.
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The applicant shall supply documentation to demonstrate that the starting materials and the manufacturing of the veterinary medical product is in comply with the requirements of the Note for Guidance on minimising the risk of trans mitting animal spongiform encephalopathy agents via human and veterinary medicinal products, as well as with the requirements of the corresponding monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia. Certificates of Suitability issued by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare, with reference to the relevant monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia, may be used to demonstrate compliance.
2. Starting materials not listed in a pharmacopoeia
2.1. Starting materials of biological origin
The description shall be given in the form of a monograph.
Whenever possible, vaccine production shall be based on a seed lot system and on established cell seeds. For the production of immunological veterinary medicinal products consisting of serums, the origin, general health and immuno logical status of the producing animals shall be indicated and defined pools of source materials shall be used.
The origin, including geographical region, and history of starting materials shall be described and documented. For genetically engineered starting materials this information shall include details such as the description of the starting cells or strains, the construction of the expression vector (name, origin, function of the replicon, promoter enhancer and other regulator elements), control of the sequence of DNA or RNA effectively inserted, oligonucleotidic sequences of plasmid vector in cells, plasmid used for cotransfection, added or deleted genes, biological properties of the final construct and the genes expressed, copy number and genetic stability.
Seed materials, including cell seeds and raw serum for anti-serum production shall be tested for identity and extraneous agents.
Information shall be provided on all substances of biological origin used at any stage in the manufacturing procedure. The information shall include:
— details of the source of the materials,
— details of any processing, purification and inactivation applied, with data on the validation of these process and controls during production,
— details of any tests for contamination carried out on each batch of the substance.
If the presence of extraneous agents is detected or suspected, the corresponding material shall be discarded or used in very exceptional circumstances only when further processing of the product ensures their elimination and/or inactivation; elimination and/or inactivation of such extraneous agents shall be demonstrated.
When cell seeds are used, the cell characteristics shall be shown to have remained unchanged up to the highest passage level used for the production.
For live attenuated vaccines, proof of the stability of the attenuation char acteristics of the seed has to be given.
Documentation shall be supplied to demonstrate that the seed materials, cell seeds, batches of serum and other material originating from animal species relevant for the transmission of TSE comply with the Note for Guidance on minimising the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy agents via human and veterinary medicinal products, as well as with the corresponding monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia. Certificates of Suitability issued by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare, with reference to the relevant monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia, can be used to demonstrate compliance.
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When required, samples of the biological starting material or reagents used in the testing procedures shall be provided to enable the competent authority to arrange for check tests to be carried out.
2.2. Starting materials of non-biological origin
The description shall be given in the form of a monograph under the following headings:
— the name of the starting material meeting the requirements of point 2 of Section A shall be supplemented by any trade or scientific synonyms,
— the description of the starting material, set down in a form similar to that used in a descriptive item in the European Pharmacopoeia,
— the function of the starting material,
— methods of identification,
— any special precautions which may be necessary during storage of the starting material and, if necessary, its storage life shall be given.
D. CONTROL TESTS DURING THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
1. The dossier shall include particulars relating to the control tests, which are carried out on intermediate products with a view to verifying the consistency of the manufacturing process and the final product.
2. For inactivated or detoxified vaccines, inactivation or detoxification shall be tested during each production run as soon as possible after the end of the inactivation or detoxification process and after neutralisation if this occurs, but before the next step of production.
E. CONTROL TESTS ON THE FINISHED PRODUCT
For all tests, the description of the techniques for analysing the finished product shall be set out in sufficiently precise detail for quality assessment.
The dossier shall include particulars relating to control tests on the finished product. Where appropriate monographs exist, if test procedures and limits other than those mentioned in the monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia, or failing this, in the pharmacopoeia of a Member State, are used, proof must be supplied that the finished product would, if tested in accordance with those monographs, meet the quality requirements of that pharmacopoeia for the phar maceutical form concerned. The application for marketing authorisation shall list those tests, which are carried out on representative samples of each batch of finished product. The frequency of the tests, which are not carried out on each batch, shall be stated. Release limits shall be indicated.
Where available, chemical and biological reference material of the European Pharmacopoeia shall be used. If other reference preparations and standards are used, they shall be identified and described in detail.
1. General characteristics of the finished product
The tests of general characteristics shall, wherever applicable, relate to the control of average masses and maximum deviations, to mechanical, physical or chemical tests, physical characteristics such as density, pH, viscosity, etc. For each of these characteristics, specifications, with appropriate confidence limits, shall be established by the applicant in each particular case.
2. Identification of active substance(s)
Where necessary, a specific test for identification shall be carried out.
3. Batch titre or potency
A quantification of the active substance shall be carried out on each batch to show that each batch will contain the appropriate potency or titre to ensure its safety and efficacy.
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4. Identification and assay of adjuvants
Insofar as testing procedures are available, the quantity and nature of the adjuvant and its components shall be verified on the finished product.
5. Identification and assay of excipient components
Insofar as is necessary, the excipient(s) shall be subject at least to identification tests.
An upper and lower limit test shall be obligatory in respect of preserving agents. An upper limit test for any other excipient components liable to give rise to an adverse reaction shall be obligatory.
6. Safety tests
Apart from the results of tests submitted in accordance with Part 3 of this Title (Safety Tests), particulars of the batch safety tests shall be submitted. These tests shall preferably be overdosage studies carried out in at least one of the most sensitive target species and by at least the recommended route of administration posing the greatest risk. Routine application of the batch safety test may be waived in the interests of animal welfare when a sufficient number of consecutive production batches have been produced and been found to comply with the test.
7. Sterility and purity test
Appropriate tests to demonstrate the absence of contamination by extraneous agents or other substances shall be carried out according to the nature of the immunological veterinary medicinal product, the method and the conditions of manufacture. If fewer tests than required by the relevant European Phar macopoeia are routinely employed for each batch, the tests carried out shall be critical to the compliance with the monograph. Proof must be supplied that the immunological veterinary medicinal product would meet the requirements, if fully tested according to the monograph.
8. Residual humidity
Each batch of lyophilised product shall be tested for residual humidity.
9. Inactivation
For inactivated vaccines, a test to verify inactivation shall be carried out on the product in the final container unless it has been conducted at a late stage in- process.
F. BATCH-TO-BATCH CONSISTENCY
In order to ensure that quality of the product is consistent from batch to batch and to demonstrate conformity with specifications a full protocol of three consecutive batches giving the results for all tests performed during production and on the finished product shall be provided.
G. STABILITY TESTS
The particulars and documents accompanying the application for marketing auth orisation pursuant to Article 12(3)(f) and (i) shall be submitted in accordance with the following requirements.
A description shall be given of the tests undertaken to support the shelf life proposed by the applicant. These tests shall always be real-time studies; they shall be carried out on a sufficient number of batches produced according to the described production process and on products stored in the final container(s); these tests include biological and physico-chemical stability tests.
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The conclusions shall contain the results of analyses, justifying the proposed shelf life under all proposed storage conditions.
In the case of products administered in feed, information shall also be given as necessary on the shelf life of the product, at the different stages of mixing, when mixed in accordance with the recommended instructions.
Where a finished product requires reconstitution prior to administration or is administered in drinking water, details of the proposed shelf life are required for the product reconstituted as recommended. Data in support of the proposed shelf life for the reconstituted product shall be submitted.
Stability data obtained from combined products may be used as preliminary data for derivative products containing one or more of the same components.
The proposed in-use shelf life shall be justified.
The efficacy of any preservative system shall be demonstrated.
Information on the efficacy of preservatives in other similar immunological veterinary medicinal products from the same manufacturer may be sufficient.
H. OTHER INFORMATION
Information relating to the quality of the immunological veterinary medicinal product not covered by the previous sections may be included in the dossier.
PART 3: SAFETY TESTS
A. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The safety tests shall show the potential risks from the immunological veterinary medicinal product, which may occur under the proposed conditions of use in animals: these shall be evaluated in relation to the potential benefits of the product.
Where immunological veterinary medicinal products consist of live organisms, especially those, which could be shed by vaccinated animals, the potential risk to unvaccinated animals of the same or of any other potentially exposed species shall be evaluated.
The safety studies shall be carried out in the target species. The dose to be used shall be the quantity of the product to be recommended for use and the batch used for safety testing shall be taken from a batch or batches produced according to the manufacturing process described in Part 2 of the application.
In the case of an immunological veterinary medicinal products containing a live organism, the dose to be used in the laboratory tests described in Sections B.1 and B.2 shall be the quantity of the product containing the maximum titre. If necessary the concentration of the antigen may be adjusted to achieve the required dose. For inactivated vaccines the dose to be used shall be that quantity recommended for use containing the maximum antigen content unless justified.
The safety documentation shall be used for assessment of the potential risks which may result from the exposure of human beings to the veterinary medicinal product, for example during its administration to the animal.
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B. LABORATORY TESTS
1. Safety of the administration of one dose
The immunological veterinary medicinal product shall be administered at the recommended dose and by each recommended route of administration to animals of each species and category in which it is intended for use, including animals of the minimum age of administration. The animals shall be observed and examined for signs of systemic and local reactions. Where appropriate, these studies shall include detailed post-mortem macroscopic and microscopic exam inations of the injection site. Other objective criteria shall be recorded, such as rectal temperature and performance measurements.
The animals shall be observed and examined until reactions may no longer be expected, but in all cases, the observation and examination period shall be at least 14 days after administration.
This study may be part of the repeated dose study required under point 3 or omitted if the results of the overdose study required under point 2 have revealed no signs of systemic or local reactions.
2. Safety of one administration of an overdose
Only live immunological veterinary medicinal products require overdose testing.
An overdose of the immunological veterinary medicinal product shall be admin istered by each recommended route(s) of administration to animals of the most sensitive categories of the target species, unless the selection of the most sensitive of several similar routes is justified. In the case of immunological veterinary medicinal products administered by injection, the doses and route(s) of administration shall be chosen to take account of the maximum volume, which can be administered at any one single injection site. The animals shall be observed and examined for at least 14 days after administration for signs of systemic and local reactions. Other criteria shall be recorded, such as rectal temperature and performance measurements.
Where appropriate, these studies shall include detailed post-mortem macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the injection site if this has not been done under point 1.
3. Safety of the repeated administration of one dose
In the case of immunological veterinary medicinal products to be administered more than once, as part of the basic vaccination scheme, a study of the repeated administration of one dose shall be required to reveal any adverse effects induced by such administration. These tests shall be carried out on the most sensitive categories of the target species (such as certain breeds, age groups), using each recommended route of administration.
The animals shall be observed and examined for at least 14 days after the last administration for signs of systemic and local reactions. Other objective criteria shall be recorded, such as rectal temperature and performance measurements.
4. Examination of reproductive performance
Examination of reproductive performance shall be considered when data suggest that the starting material from which the product is derived may be a potential risk factor. Reproductive performance of males and non-pregnant and pregnant females shall be investigated with the recommended dose and by the most sensitive route of administration. In addition, harmful effects on the progeny, as well as teratogenic and abortifacient effects, shall be investigated.
These studies may form part of the safety studies described in points 1, 2, 3 or of the field studies provided for in Section C.
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5. Examination of immunological functions
Where the immunological veterinary medicinal product might adversely affect the immune response of the vaccinated animal or of its progeny, suitable tests on the immunological functions shall be carried out.
6. Special requirements for live vaccines
6.1. Spread of the vaccine strain
Spread of the vaccine strain from vaccinated to unvaccinated target animals shall be investigated, using the recommended route of administration most likely to result in the spread. Moreover, it may be necessary to investigate the spread to non-target animal species which could be highly susceptible to a live vaccine strain.
6.2. Dissemination in the vaccinated animal
Faeces, urine, milk, eggs, oral, nasal and other secretions shall be tested for the presence of the organism as appropriate. Moreover, studies may be required of the dissemination of the vaccine strain in the body, with particular attention being paid to the predilection sites for replication of the organism. In the case of live vaccines for zoonoses within the meaning of Directive 2003/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (1) to be used for food producing animals, these studies must shall take particularly into account the persistence of the organism at the injection site.
6.3. Reversion to virulence of attenuated vaccines
Reversion to virulence shall be investigated with the master seed. If the master seed is not available in sufficient quantity the lowest passage seed used for the production shall be examined. Use of another passage option shall be justified. The initial vaccination shall be carried out using the route of administration most likely to lead to reversion to virulence. Serial passages shall be made in target animals through five groups of animals, unless there is justification to make more passages or the organism disappears from the test animals sooner. Where the organism fails to replicate adequately, as many passages as possible shall be carried out in the target species.
6.4. Biological properties of the vaccine strain
Other tests may be necessary to determine as precisely as possible the intrinsic biological properties of the vaccine strain (e.g. neurotropism).
6.5. Recombination or genomic reassortment of strains
The probability of recombination or genomic reassortment with field or other strains shall be discussed.
7. User safety
This section shall include a discussion of the effects found in the preceding sections, which shall relate those effects to the type and extent of human exposure to the product with a view to formulating appropriate user warnings and other risk management measures.
8. Study of residues
For immunological veterinary medicinal products, it will normally not be necessary to undertake a study of residues. However, where adjuvants and/or preservatives are used in the manufacture of immunological veterinary medicinal products, consideration shall be given to the possibility of any residue remaining in the foodstuffs. If necessary, the effects of such residues shall be investigated.
A proposal for a withdrawal period shall be made and its adequacy shall be discussed in relation to any residue studies which have been undertaken.
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(1) OJ L 325, 12.12.2003, p. 31.
9. Interactions
If there is a compatibility statement with other veterinary immunological products in the summary of product characteristics the safety of the association shall be investigated. Any other known interactions with veterinary medicinal products shall be described.
C. FIELD STUDIES
Unless justified, results from laboratory studies shall be supplemented with data from field studies, using batches according to the manufacturing process described in the marketing authorisation application. Both safety and efficacy may be investigated in the same field studies.
D. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
The purpose of the environmental risk assessment is to assess the potential harmful effects, which the use of the product may cause to the environment and to identify any precautionary measures, which may be necessary to reduce such risks.
This assessment shall normally be conducted in two phases. The first phase of the assessment shall always be performed. The details of the assessment shall be provided in accordance with established guidance. It shall indicate the potential exposure of the environment to the product and the level of risk associated with any such exposure, taking into account in particular the following items:
— the target animal species and the proposed pattern of use,
— the method of administration, in particular the likely extent to which the product will enter directly into the environmental system,
— the possible excretion of the product, its active substances into the environment by treated animals, persistence in such excreta,
— the disposal of unused or waste product.
In the case of live vaccine strains which may be zoonotic, the risk to humans shall be assessed.
Where the conclusions of the first phase indicate potential exposure of the environment to the product, the applicant shall proceed to the second phase and evaluate the potential risk(s) that the veterinary medicinal product might pose to the environment. Where necessary, further investigations on the impact of the product (soil, water, air, aquatic systems, non-target organisms) shall be carried out.
E. ASSESSMENT REQUIRED FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING OR CONSISTING OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
In the case of veterinary medicinal products containing or consisting of genetically modified organisms the application shall also be accompanied by the documents required under Article 2 and Part C of Directive 2001/18/EC.
PART 4: EFFICACY TESTS
CHAPTER I
1. General principles
The purpose of the trials described in this Part is to demonstrate or to confirm the efficacy of the immunological veterinary medicinal product. All claims made by the applicant with regard to the properties, effects and use of the product, shall be fully supported by results of specific trials contained in the application for marketing authorisation.
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2. Performance of trials
All efficacy trials shall be conducted in accordance with a fully considered detailed protocol, which shall be recorded in writing prior to commencement of the trial. The welfare of the trial animals shall be subject to veterinary super vision and shall be taken fully into consideration during the elaboration of any trial protocol and throughout the conduct of the trial.
Pre-established systematic written procedures for the organisation, conduct, data collection, documentation and verification of efficacy trials shall be required.
Field trials shall be conducted in accordance with established principles of good clinical practice, unless otherwise justified.
Before the commencement of any field trial, the informed consent of the owner of the animals to be used in the trial shall be obtained and documented. In particular, the animal owner shall be informed in writing of the consequences of participation in the trial for the subsequent disposal of treated animals or for the taking of foodstuffs from treated animals. A copy of this notification, countersigned and dated by the animal owner, shall be included in the trial documentation.
Unless the field trial is conducted with a blind design, the provisions of Articles 55, 56 and 57 shall apply by analogy to the labelling of formulations intended for use in veterinary field trials. In all cases, the words ‘for veterinary field trial use only’ shall appear prominently and indelibly upon the labelling.
CHAPTER II
A. General requirements
1. The choice of antigens or vaccine strains shall be justified on the basis of epizoological data.
2. Efficacy trials carried out in the laboratory shall be controlled trials, including untreated control animals unless this is not justified for animal welfare reasons and efficacy can be otherwise demonstrated.
In general, these laboratory trials shall be supported by trials carried out in field conditions, including untreated control animals.
All trials shall be described in sufficiently precise details so as to be repro ducible in controlled trials, carried out at the request of the competent authorities. The investigator shall demonstrate the validity of all the tech niques involved.
All results obtained, whether favourable or unfavourable, shall be reported.
3. The efficacy of an immunological veterinary medicinal product shall be demonstrated for each category of target animal species recommended for vaccination, by each recommended route of administration and using the proposed schedule of administration. The influence of passively acquired and maternally derived antibodies on the efficacy of a vaccine shall be adequately evaluated, if appropriate. Unless justified, the onset and duration of immunity shall be established and supported by data from trials.
4. The efficacy of each of the components of multivalent and combined immu nological veterinary medicinal products shall be demonstrated. If the product is recommended for administration in combination with or at the same time as another veterinary medicinal product, they shall be shown to be compatible.
5. Whenever a product forms part of a vaccination scheme recommended by the applicant, the priming or booster effect or the contribution of the veterinary immunological product to the efficacy of the scheme as a whole shall be demonstrated.
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6. The dose to be used shall be the quantity of the product to be recommended for use and the batch used for efficacy testing shall be taken from a batch or batches produced according to the manufacturing process described in Part 2 of the application.
7. If there is a compatibility statement with other immunological products in the summary of product characteristics, the efficacy of the association shall be investigated. Any other known interactions with any other veterinary medicinal products shall be described. Concurrent or simultaneous use may be allowed if supported by appropriate studies.
8. For diagnostic immunological veterinary medicinal products administered to animals, the applicant shall indicate how reactions to the product are to be interpreted.
9. For vaccines intended to allow a distinction between vaccinated and infected animals (marker vaccines), where the efficacy claim is reliant on in vitro diagnostic tests, sufficient data on the diagnostic tests shall be provided to allow adequate assessment of the claims related to the marker properties.
B. Laboratory trials
1. In principle, demonstration of efficacy shall be undertaken under well- controlled laboratory conditions by challenge after administration of the immunological veterinary medicinal product to the target animal under the recommended conditions of use. Insofar as possible, the conditions under which the challenge is carried out shall mimic the natural conditions for infection. Details of the challenge strain and its relevance shall be provided.
For live vaccines, batches containing the minimum titre or potency shall be used unless justified. For other products, batches containing the minimum active content shall be used unless otherwise justified.
2. If possible, the immune mechanism (cell-mediated/humoral, local/general classes of immunoglobulin) which is initiated after the administration of the immunological veterinary medicinal product to target animals by the recommended route of administration shall be specified and documented.
C. Field trials
1. Unless justified, results from laboratory trials shall be supplemented with data from field trials, using batches representative of the manufacturing process described in the marketing authorisation application. Both safety and efficacy may be investigated in the same field study.
2. Where laboratory trials cannot be supportive of efficacy, the performance of field trials alone may be acceptable.
PART 5: PARTICULARS AND DOCUMENTS
A. INTRODUCTION
The dossier of the safety and efficacy studies shall include an introduction defining the subject and indicating the tests which have been carried out in compliance with Parts 3 and 4 as well as a summary, with detailed references to the published literature. This summary shall contain an objective discussion of all the results obtained and lead to a conclusion on the safety and efficacy of the immunological veterinary medicinal product. Omission of any tests or trials listed shall be indicated and discussed.
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B. LABORATORY STUDIES
The following shall be provided for all studies:
1. a summary;
2. the name of the body having carried out the studies;
3. a detailed experimental protocol giving a description of the methods, apparatus and materials used, details such as species or breed of animals, categories of animals, where they were obtained, their identification and number, the conditions under which they were housed and fed (stating, inter alia, whether they were free from any specified pathogens and/or specified antibodies, the nature and quantity of any additives contained in the feed), dose, route, schedule and dates of administration, a description and a justification of the statistical methods used;
4. in the case of control animals, whether they received a placebo or no treatment;
5. in the case of treated animals and where appropriate, whether they received the test product or another product authorised in the Community
6. all general and individual observations and results obtained (with averages and standard deviations), whether favourable or unfavourable. The data shall be described in sufficient detail to allow the results to be critically evaluated independently of their interpretation by the author. The raw data shall be presented in tabular form. By way of explanation and illustration, the results may be accompanied by reproductions of recordings, photomicrographs, etc;
7. the nature, frequency and duration of observed adverse reactions;
8. the number of animals withdrawn prematurely from the studies and reasons for such withdrawal;
9. a statistical analysis of the results, where such is called for by the test programme, and variance within the data;
10. occurrence and course of any intercurrent disease;
11. all details concerning veterinary medicinal products (other than the product under study), the administration of which was necessary during the course of the study;
12. an objective discussion of the results obtained, leading to conclusions on the safety and efficacy of the product.
C. FIELD STUDIES
Particulars concerning field studies shall be sufficiently detailed to enable an objective judgement to be made. They shall include the following:
1. a summary;
2. name, address, function and qualifications of the investigator in charge;
3. place and date of administration, identity code that can be linked to the name and address of the owner of the animal(s);
4. details of the trial protocol, giving a description of the methods, apparatus and materials used, details such as the route of administration, the schedule of administration, the dose, the categories of animals, the duration of obser vation, the serological response and other investigations carried out on the animals after administration;
5. in the case of control animals, whether they received a placebo or no treatment;
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6. identification of the treated and control animals (collective or individual, as appropriate), such as species, breeds or strains, age, weight, sex, physio logical status;
7. a brief description of the method of rearing and feeding, stating the nature and quantity of any additives contained in the feed;
8. all the particulars on observations, performances and results (with averages and standard deviation); individual data shall be indicated when tests and measurements on individuals have been carried out;
9. all observations and results of the studies, whether favourable or unfa vourable, with a full statement of the observations and the results of the objective tests of activity required to evaluate the product; the techniques used must be specified and the significance of any variations in the results explained;
10. effects on the animals’ performance;
11. the number of animals withdrawn prematurely from the studies and reasons for such withdrawal;
12. the nature, frequency and duration of observed adverse reactions;
13. occurrence and course of any intercurrent disease;
14. all details concerning veterinary medicinal products (other than the product under study) which have been administered either prior to or concurrently with the test product or during the observation period; details of any inter actions observed;
15. an objective discussion of the results obtained, leading to conclusions on the safety and efficacy of the product.
PART 6: BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
The bibliographical references cited in the summary mentioned under Part 1 shall be listed in detail and copies shall be provided.
TITLE III
REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC MARKETING AUTHORISATION APPLICATIONS
1. Generic veterinary medicinal products
Applications based on Article 13 (generic veterinary medicinal products) shall contain the data referred to in Parts 1 and 2 of Title I of this Annex together with an environmental risk assessment and data demonstrating that the product has the same qualitative and quantitative composition in active substances and the same pharmaceutical form as the reference medicinal product and data showing bio- equivalence with the reference medicinal product. If the reference veterinary medicinal product is a biological medicinal product, the documentation requirements in Section 2 for similar biological veterinary medicinal products shall be fulfilled.
For generic veterinary medicinal products the detailed and critical summaries on safety and efficacy shall particularly focus on the following elements:
— the grounds for claiming essential similarity,
— a summary of impurities present in batches of the active substance(s) as well as those of the finished medicinal product (and where relevant decomposition products arising during storage) as proposed for use in the product to be marketed together with an evaluation of these impurities,
— an evaluation of the bio-equivalence studies or a justification as to why studies were not performed with reference to established guidance,
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— if applicable, additional data in order to demonstrate the equivalence of safety and efficacy properties of different salts, esters or derivatives of an authorised active substance shall be provided by the applicant; those data shall include evidence that there is no change in the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties of the therapeutic moiety and/or in toxicity, which could influence the safety/efficacy profile.
Every claim in the summary of product characteristics not known from or inferred from the properties of the medicinal product and/or its therapeutic group should be discussed in the non-clinical/clinical overviews/summaries and substantiated by published literature and/or additional studies.
For generic veterinary medicinal products intended to be administered by intra muscular, subcutaneous or transdermal routes, the following additional data shall be provided:
— evidence to demonstrate equivalent or differing depletion of residues from the administration site, which may be substantiated by appropriate residue depletion studies,
— evidence to demonstrate target animal tolerance at the administration site, which may be substantiated by appropriate target animal tolerance studies.
2. Similar biological veterinary medicinal products
In accordance with Article 13(4), where a biological veterinary medicinal product which is similar to a reference biological veterinary medicinal product does not meet the conditions in the definition of generic medicinal product, information to be supplied shall not be limited to Parts 1 and 2 (pharmaceutical, chemical and biological data), supplemented with bio-equivalence and bioavailability data. In such cases, additional data shall be provided, in particular on the safety and efficacy of the product.
— The type and amount of additional data (i.e. toxicological and other safety studies and appropriate clinical studies) shall be determined on a case-by-case basis in accordance with relevant scientific guidelines.
— Due to the diversity of biological veterinary medicinal products, the competent authority shall determine the necessary studies foreseen in Parts 3 and 4, taking into account the specific characteristic of each individual biological veterinary medicinal product.
The general principles to be applied shall be addressed in guideline which shall be adopted by the Agency, taking into account the characteristics of the concerned biological veterinary medicinal product. If the reference biological veterinary medicinal product has more than one indication, the efficacy and safety of the biological veterinary medicinal product claimed to be similar shall be justified or, if necessary, demonstrated separately for each of the claimed indications.
3. Well-established veterinary use
For veterinary medicinal products the active substance(s) of which has/have been in ‘well-established veterinary use’ as referred to in Article 13a, with recognised efficacy and an acceptable level of safety, the following specific rules shall apply.
The applicant shall submit Parts 1 and 2 as described in Title I of this Annex.
For Parts 3 and 4, a detailed scientific bibliography shall address all aspects of the safety and efficacy.
The following specific rules shall apply in order to demonstrate the well-estab lished veterinary use:
3.1. The following factors shall be taken into account in order to establish a well-established veterinary medicinal use of constituents of veterinary medicinal products:
(a) the time over which an active substance has been used;
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(b) quantitative aspects of the use of the active substance;
(c) the degree of scientific interest in the use of the active substance (reflected in the published scientific literature);
(d) the coherence of scientific assessments.
Different periods of time may be necessary for establishing well-established use of different substances. In any case, however, the period of time required for establishing a well-established veterinary use of a constituent of a medicinal product shall not be less than ten years from the first systematic and documented use of that substance as a veterinary medicinal product in the Community.
3.2. The documentation submitted by the applicant shall cover all aspects of the safety and/or efficacy assessment of the product for the proposed indication in the target species using the proposed route of administration and dosage regimen. It must include or refer to a review of the relevant literature, taking into account pre- and post-marketing studies and published scientific literature concerning experience in the form of epidemiological studies and in particular of comparative epidemiological studies. All documentation, both favourable and unfavourable, shall be communicated. With respect to the provisions on well-established veterinary use, it is in particular necessary to clarify that bibliographic reference to other sources of evidence (post-marketing studies, epidemiological studies etc.) and not just data related to tests and trials may serve as a valid proof of safety and efficacy of a product if an application explains and justifies the use of these sources of information satisfactorily.
3.3. Particular attention must be paid to any missing information and justifi cation must be given as to why demonstration of an acceptable level of safety and/or efficacy can be supported although some studies are lacking.
3.4. The detailed and critical summaries regarding safety and efficacy must explain the relevance of any data submitted which concern a product different from the product intended for marketing. A judgement must be made whether or not the product studied can be considered as similar to the product, for which application for a marketing authorisation has been made in spite of the existing differences.
3.5. Post-marketing experience with other products containing the same constituents is of particular importance and applicants shall put a special emphasis on this issue.
4. Combination veterinary medicinal products
For applications based on Article 13b, a dossier containing Parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 shall be provided for the combination veterinary medicinal product. It shall not be necessary to provide studies on the safety and efficacy of each active substance. It shall nevertheless be possible to include information on the indi vidual substances in the application for a fixed combination. The submission of data on each individual active substance, in conjunction with the required user safety studies, residues depletion studies and clinical studies on the fixed combi nation product, may be considered a suitable justification for omitting data on the combination product, based on animal welfare grounds and unnecessary testing on animals, unless there is suspected interaction leading to added toxicity. Where applicable, information regarding the manufacturing sites and the safety evaluation of adventitious agents shall be provided.
5. Informed consent applications
Applications based on Article 13c shall contain the data described in Part 1 of Title 1 of this Annex, provided that the marketing authorisation holder for the original veterinary medicinal product has given the applicant his consent to refer to the content of Parts 2, 3 and 4 of the dossier of that product. In this case, there is no need to submit quality, safety and efficacy detailed and critical summaries.
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6. Documentation for applications in exceptional circumstances
A marketing authorisation may be granted subject to certain specific obligations requiring the applicant to introduce specific procedures, in particular concerning the safety and efficacy of the veterinary medicinal product, when, as provided for in Article 26(3) of this Directive, the applicant can show that he is unable to provide comprehensive data on the efficacy and safety under normal conditions of use.
The identification of essential requirements for all applications mentioned in this section should be subject to guidelines which shall be adopted by the Agency.
7. Mixed marketing authorisation applications
Mixed marketing authorisation applications are applications where Part(s) 3 and/or 4 of the dossier consist of safety and efficacy studies carried out by the applicant as well as bibliographical references. All other part(s) are in accordance with the structure described in Part I of Title I of this Annex. The competent authority shall accept the proposed format presented by the applicant on a case- by-case basis.
TITLE IV
REQUIREMENTS FOR MARKETING AUTHORISATION APPLI CATIONS FOR PARTICULAR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
This part lays down specific requirements for identified veterinary medicinal products related to the nature of the active substances contained therein.
1. IMMUNOLOGICAL VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
A. VACCINE ANTIGEN MASTER FILE
For particular immunological veterinary medicinal products and by derogation from the provisions of Title II, Part 2 Section C on active substances, the concept of a Vaccine Antigen Master File is introduced.
For the purpose of this Annex, a Vaccine Antigen Master File means a stand- alone part of the marketing authorisation application dossier for a vaccine, which contains all relevant information on quality concerning each of the active substances, which are part of this veterinary medicinal product. The stand- alone part may be common to one or more monovalent and/or combined vaccines presented by the same applicant or marketing authorisation holder.
Scientific guidelines for the submission and evaluation of a vaccine antigen master file shall be adopted by the Agency. The procedure for the submission and evaluation of a vaccine antigen master file shall follow the guidance published by the Commission in The rules governing medicinal products in the European Union, Volume 6B, Notice to Applicants.
B. MULTI-STRAIN DOSSIER
For certain immunological veterinary medicinal products (foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza and bluetongue) and by derogation from the provisions of Title II, Part 2 Section C on active substances the concept of the use of a multi-strain dossier is introduced.
A multi-strain dossier means a single dossier containing the relevant data for a unique and thorough scientific assessment of the different options of strains/ combinations of strains permitting the authorisation of vaccines against anti genically variable viruses.
Scientific guidelines for the submission and evaluation of multi-strain dossiers shall be adopted by the Agency. The procedure for the submission and evaluation of multi-strain dossiers shall follow the guidance published by the Commission in The rules governing medicinal products in the European Union, Volume 6B, Notice to Applicants.
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2. HOMEOPATHIC VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
This section sets out specific provisions on the application of Title I, Parts 2 and 3 to homeopathic veterinary medicinal products as defined in Article 1(8).
Part 2
The provisions of Part 2 shall apply to the documents submitted in accordance with Article 18 in the simplified registration of homeopathic veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 17(1) as well as to the documents for authorisation of other homeopathic veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 19(1) with the following modifications.
(a) Terminology
The Latin name of the homeopathic stock described in the marketing authori sation application dossier shall be in accordance with the Latin title of the European Pharmacopoeia or, in absence thereof, of an official pharmacopoeia of a Member State. Where relevant the traditional name(s) used in each Member State shall be provided.
(b) Control of starting materials
The particulars and documents on the starting materials, i.e. all of the materials used including raw materials and intermediates up to the final dilution to be incorporated into the finished homeopathic veterinary medicinal product, accom panying the application shall be supplemented by additional data on the homeo pathic stock.
The general quality requirements shall apply to all of the starting and raw materials as well as intermediate steps of the manufacturing process up to the final dilution to be incorporated into the finished homeopathic product. Where a toxic component is present, this should be controlled if possible in the final dilution. However, if this is not possible because of the high dilution, the toxic component shall normally be controlled at an earlier stage. Every step of the manufacturing process from the starting materials up to the final dilution to be incorporated into the finished product must be fully described.
In case dilutions are involved, these dilution steps shall be done in accordance with the homeopathic manufacturing methods laid down in the relevant monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia or, in absence thereof, in an official pharmacopoeia of a Member State.
(c) Control tests on the finished medicinal product
The general quality requirements shall apply to the homeopathic finished veterinary medicinal products. Any exception shall be duly justified by the applicant.
Identification and assay of all the toxicologically relevant constituents shall be carried out. If it can be justified that identification and/or an assay on all the toxicologically relevant constituents is not possible e.g. due to their dilution in the finished medicinal product the quality shall be demonstrated by complete validation of the manufacturing and dilution process.
(d) Stability tests
The stability of the finished product shall be demonstrated. Stability data from the homeopathic stocks are generally transferable to dilutions/potentisations obtained thereof. If no identification or assay of the active substance is possible due to the degree of dilution, stability data of the pharmaceutical form may be considered.
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Part 3
The provisions of Part 3 shall apply to the simplified registration of homeopathic veterinary medicinal products referred to in Article 17(1) of this Directive with the following specification, without prejudice to the provisions of Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 for substances included in the homeopathic stocks intended for administration to food-producing animal species.
Any missing information must be justified, e.g. justification must be given why demonstration of an acceptable level of safety can be supported although some studies are lacking.
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ANNEX II
PART A
Repealed Directives and their successive amendments
(referred to by Article 96)
Council Directive 81/851/EEC (OJ L 317, 6.11.1981, p. 1)
Council Directive 90/676/EEC (OJ L 373, 31.12.1990, p. 15)
Council Directive 90/677/EEC (OJ L 373, 31.12.1990, p. 26)
Council Directive 92/74/EEC (OJ L 297, 13.10.1992, p. 12)
Council Directive 93/40/EEC (OJ L 214, 24.8.1993, p. 31)
Commission Directive 2000/37/EC (OJ L 139, 10.6.2000, p. 25)
Council Directive 81/852/EEC (OJ L 317, 6.11.1981, p. 16)
Council Directive 87/20/EEC (OJ L 15, 17.1.1987, p. 34)
Council Directive 92/18/EEC (OJ L 97, 10.4.1992, p. 1)
Council Directive 93/40/EEC
Commission Directive 1999/104/EC (OJ L 3, 6.1.2000, p. 18)
PART B
Time-limits for transposition into national law
(referred to by Article 96)
Directive Deadline for transposition
Directive 81/851/EEC 9 October 1983
Directive 81/852/EEC 9 October 1983
Directive 87/20/EEC 1 July 1987
Directive 90/676/EEC 1 January 1992
Directive 90/677/EEC 20 March 1993
Directive 92/18/EEC 1 April 1993
Directive 92/74/EEC 31 December 1993
Directive 93/40/EEC 1 January 1995
1 January 1998 (Art. 1.7)
Directive 1999/104/EC 1 January 2000
Directive 2000/37/EC 5 December 2001
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ANNEX III
CORRELATION TABLE
This Directive Dir. 65/65/EEC Dir. 81/851/EEC Dir. 81/852/EEC Dir. 90/677/EEC Dir. 92/74/EEC
Art. 1 points 1 and 2 Art. 1 points 1 and 2 Art. 1(1)
Art. 1 point 3 Art. 1(2), 2nd indent
Art. 1 point 4 Art. 1, point 3 Art. 1(1)
Art. 1 points 5 and 6 Art. 1(2), 3rd and 4th indents
Art. 1 point 7 Art. 1(2)
Art. 1 point 8 Art. 1
Art. 1 point 9 Art. 5, 3rd subparagraph, point 8
Art. 1 points 10 to 16 Art.42b, 1st subparagraph
Art. 1 point 17 Art. 50a(1), 2nd subparagraph
Art. 1 point 18 Art.16(1)
Art. 1 point 19 Art. 18(1), footnote
Art. 2 Art. 2(1)
Art. 3 point 1, 1st subparagraph Art. 2(2), 1st indent
Art. 3 point 1, 2nd subparagraph Art. 2(3)
Art. 3 point 2 Art. 1(3)
Art. 3 points 3 and 4 Art. 1 points 4 and 5 and Art. 2(3)
Art. 1(1)
Art. 3 point 5 Art. 2(2), 3rd indent
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▼B
This Directive Dir. 65/65/EEC Dir. 81/851/EEC Dir. 81/852/EEC Dir. 90/677/EEC Dir. 92/74/EEC
Art. 3 point 6 Art. 1 point 4
Art. 4(1) Art. 1(4)
Art. 4(2) Art. 3
Art. 5 Art. 4(1), 1st subparagraph
Art. 6 Art. 4(2), 1st subparagraph
Art. 7 Art. 4(1), 2nd subparagraph
Art. 8 Art. 4(1), 3rd subparagraph
Art. 9 Art. 4(3), 1st subparagraph
Art. 10(1) and (2), 1st and 2nd subparagraphs
Art. 4(4), 1st and 2nd subparagraphs
Art. 10(2), 3rd subparagraph Art. 2(1), 2nd subparagraph
Art. 11 Art. 4(4), 3rd subparagraph
Art. 12(1) Art. 5, 1st subparagraph
Art. 12(2) Art. 5, 2nd subparagraph
Art. 12(3)(a) to (i) Art. 5, 3rd subparagraph, points 1 to 9
Art. 1, 1st subparagraph
Art. 12(3)(j) Art. 5, 3rd subparagraph, point 10, 1st subparagraph
Art. 12(3)(k) to (n) Art. 5, 3rd subparagraph, points 11 to 14
Art. 13(1) Art. 5, 3rd subparagraph, point 10, 2nd subparagraph
Art. 13(2) Art. 1, 2nd subparagraph
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▼B
This Directive Dir. 65/65/EEC Dir. 81/851/EEC Dir. 81/852/EEC Dir. 90/677/EEC Dir. 92/74/EEC
Art. 14 Art. 5a
Art. 15(1) Art. 6
Art. 15(2) and (3) Art. 7
Art. 16 Art. 6
Art. 17(1) Art. 7(1)
Art. 17(2) Art. 7(3)
Art. 17(3) Art. 4, 2nd subparagraph
Art. 18 Art. 8
Art. 19 Art. 9
Art. 20 first paragraph Art. 2(3)
Art. 20 second paragraph Art. 9
Art. 21 Art. 8
Art. 22 Art. 8a
Art. 23 Art. 9
Art. 24 Art. 10
Art. 25 Art. 5b
Art. 26(1) and (2) Art. 12
Art. 26(3) Art. 15(2)
Art. 27(1) Art. 14(1), 1st subparagraph
Art. 27(2) Art. 14(1), 2nd subparagraph
Art. 27(3) Art. 14(2)
Art. 27(4) and (5) Art. 14(3) and (4)
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▼B
This Directive Dir. 65/65/EEC Dir. 81/851/EEC Dir. 81/852/EEC Dir. 90/677/EEC Dir. 92/74/EEC
Art. 28 Art. 15(1)
Art. 29 Art. 13
Art. 30 Art. 11
Art. 31(1) Art. 16(1)
Art. 31(2) Art. 16(2) Art. 2
Art. 31(3) Art. 16(3)
Art. 32(1) Art. 17(3)
Art. 32(2) Art. 17(1)
Art. 32(3) Art. 17(2)
Art. 32(4) Art. 17(4)
Art. 33 Art. 18
Art. 34 Art. 19
Art. 35 Art. 20
Art. 36 Art. 21
Art. 37 Art. 22(1)
Art. 38 Art. 22(2), (3) and (4)
Art. 39 Art. 23
Art. 40 Art. 23a
Art. 41 Art. 23b
Art. 42 Art. 23c
Art. 43 Art. 22(5)
Art. 44 Art. 24
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This Directive Dir. 65/65/EEC Dir. 81/851/EEC Dir. 81/852/EEC Dir. 90/677/EEC Dir. 92/74/EEC
Art. 45 Art. 25
Art. 46 Art. 26
Art. 47 Art. 28(1)
Art. 48 Art. 28(2)
Art. 49 Art. 28(3)
Art. 50 Art. 27
Art. 51 Art. 27a
Art. 52 Art. 29
Art. 53 Art. 31
Art. 54 Art. 32
Art. 55(1) Art. 30(1), 1st and 2nd subparagraphs
Art. 55(2) Art. 30(1), 3rd subparagraph
Art. 55(3) Art. 30(2)
Art. 56 Art. 33
Art. 57 Art. 3
Art. 58(1) to (3) Art. 43
Art. 58(4) Art. 47
Art. 59(1) Art. 44
Art. 59(2) Art. 45
Art. 59(3) Art. 47
Art. 60 Art. 46
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▼B
This Directive Dir. 65/65/EEC Dir. 81/851/EEC Dir. 81/852/EEC Dir. 90/677/EEC Dir. 92/74/EEC
Art. 61(1) Art. 48, 1st subparagraph
Art. 61(2) Art. 48, 2nd subparagraph
Art. 61(3) Art. 48, 3rd subparagraph
Art. 62 Art. 49, 1st subparagraph
Art. 63 Art. 50
Art. 64(1) Art. 2(2)
Art. 64(2) Art. 7(2)
Art. 65(1) Art. 50a(1), 1st and 3rd subparagraphs
Art. 65(2), (3) and (4) Art. 50a(2), (3) and (4)
Art. 66 Art. 50b
Art. 67 Art. 4(3), 3rd subparagraph
Art. 68 Art. 1(5)
Art. 69 Art. 50c
Art. 70 Art. 4(5)
Art. 71 Art. 4
Art. 72 Art. 42e
Art. 73 Art. 42a
Art. 74 Art. 42c
Art. 75 Art. 42d
Art. 76 Art. 42f
Art. 77(1) Art. 42g
Art. 77(2) Art. 42b
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This Directive Dir. 65/65/EEC Dir. 81/851/EEC Dir. 81/852/EEC Dir. 90/677/EEC Dir. 92/74/EEC
Art. 78 Art. 42h
Art. 79 Art. 42i
Art. 80(1) Art. 34, 1st and 2nd subparagraphs
Art. 80(2) Art. 3(1)
Art. 80(3) Art. 34, 3rd subparagraph
Art. 81(1) Art. 35
Art. 81(2) Art. 3(2)
Art. 82 Art. 3(3)
Art. 83 Art. 36
Art. 84 Art. 37
Art. 85 Art. 38
Art. 86 Art. 4, 1st subparagraph
Art. 87 Art. 38a
Art. 88 Art. 2a
Art. 89 Art. 42j Art. 2b
Art. 90 Art. 39
Art. 91 Art. 42
Art. 92 Art. 5
Art. 93 Art. 24a
Art. 94 Art. 40, 41 and 49, 2nd subparagraph
Art. 95 Art. 4(2), 2nd subparagraph
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▼B
This Directive Dir. 65/65/EEC Dir. 81/851/EEC Dir. 81/852/EEC Dir. 90/677/EEC Dir. 92/74/EEC
Art. 96 — — — — —
Art. 97 — — — — —
Art. 98 — — — — —
Annex I Annex
Annex II — — — — —
Annex III — — — — —