Law No. 39-XVI of February 29, 2008, on the Protection of Plant Varieties, Republic of Moldova

LAW ON THE PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETIES*
N39-XVI of February 29, 2008
Monitorul oficial N99-101/364 of June 6, 2008

Republic of Moldova Law No. 39-XVI

Article 1

Scope and purpose of the Law

(1) This Law shall govern relations arising out of the creation, legal protection and use of plant varieties of any genera and species.

(2)The purpose of this Law shall be the establishment of a legal framework for the organization and functioning of a system of protection of plant varieties.

Article 2

Legal basis

(1) The legal relations arising out of the creation, legal protection and use of plant varieties shall be governed by the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, the Civil Code, the Code on Science and Innovations, the Customs Code, international treaties to which the Republic of Moldova is party, this Law and other normative acts.

(2) If an international treaty to which the Republic of Moldova is party has established norms other than those contained in this Law, then the norms of the international treaty shall be applied.

Article 3

Basic concepts

For the purposes of this Law:

“breeder” means a person who created or discovered and improved a variety;

“variety” means a plant grouping belonging to the lowest of the known botanical taxa, which irrespective of whether it complies fully with the criteria for the grant of patent protection:

-may be defined by the characteristics of a given genotype or combination of genotypes; the expression of the characteristics of the material of the variety of the said type may be permanent or temporary, and moreover the degree of variability shall be determined by the genotype or combination of genotypes;

-may be distinguished from any other plant grouping by the degree of expression of at least one of the said characteristics;

-may be considered to be reproduced without any alterations as a unified whole in terms of its characteristics;

“categories of a variety” means clone, line, or hybrid;

“material of a variety” means seeds, whole plants or parts thereof, capable of reproducing whole plants; “applicant” means a natural person or legal entity requesting a plant variety patent;

“patent owner” means a natural person or legal entity to whom a plant variety patent belongs; “genetically modified organism” means any living organism which has a new combination of genetic material obtained with the assistance of contemporary biotechnology.

Article 4

Legal protection of a variety

(1)

Rights in a variety may be obtained and enforced on the territory of the Republic of Moldova by means of a plant variety patent (hereinafter referred to as “the patent”), grantedgrant by the State Agency for Intellectual Property in accordance with this Law and sub-regulatory normative acts, and likewise with international treaties in this field, one of the parties to which is the Republic of Moldova.

(2)

The scope of the legal patent protection shall be determined by the sum of essential characteristics of the variety, as specified in the official description thereof.

Article 5

Authorities responsible for the legal protection of a variety

(1)

The authorities implementing state policy in the area of legal protection of varieties are the State Agency for Intellectual Property (AGEPI) (hereinafter referred to as “the Agency”), and the State Commission for the Testing of Plant Varieties (hereinafter referred to as “the State Commission”). State policy in the field of the use of new varieties in breeding shall be implemented by the National Council for Plant Varieties.

(2)

The Agency is the national department in the field of intellectual property protection and the single authority in the Republic of Moldova which grants legal protection of new plant varieties.

(3)

The Agency:

(a)

shall develop drafts of legislative and other normative acts in the field of the protection of plant varieties and ratify acts of a procedural nature which are essential for it to perform functions established by Law;

(b)

shall register applications for the grantgrant of a patent (hereinafter referred to as “patent application”) and carry out examinations thereof, grant and grant patents on behalf of the State, publish official data in the Official Gazette of Industrial Property of the Republic of Moldova (hereinafter referred to as “the Gazette”);

(c)

shall maintain the National Collection of Plant Variety Patents and exchange information with international organizations for the protection of plant varieties and with appropriate authorities of other countries;

(d)

shall keep the National Register of Plant Variety Patent Applications (hereinafter referred to as “the National Register of Applications”) and of the National Register of Plant Variety Patents (hereinafter referred to as “the National Register of Patents”), and shall establish and confirm the procedure by which they are to be maintained.

(4)

The Agency and State Commission shall represent the Republic of Moldova in the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (hereinafter referred to as “UPOV”), and also in other international and intergovernmental organizations for the protection of plant varieties, and support bilateral and multilateral cooperation with them in this field.

(5)

The State Commission shall be the authority which carries out the testing of plant varieties in its variety testing centers, experimental stations, specialized institutions and laboratories applying methodologies and within the time limits prescribed by international standards, in order to determine their compliance with the conditions of patentability, namely distinctness, uniformity and stability, and also the testing of varieties in order to determine their agronomical value. The State Commission shall maintain the Register of Plant Varieties of the Republic of Moldova (hereinafter referred to as “the Register of Plant Varieties”), including varieties approved for cultivation and sale in the Republic of Moldova.

Chapter II
SUBSTANTIVE PATENT LAW

Part 1
Patentability of a variety

Article 6

Conditions of patentability of a variety

(1) A plant variety shall be patentable only where it is:

(a)

distinct;

(b)

uniform;

(c)

stable, and

(d)

new

(1)The variety shall be designated with a denomination in accordance with Article 36.

Article 7

Distinctness

(1) The variety shall be deemed to be distinct if it is clearly distinguishable by the presence of at least one or more relevant features stipulated by a certain genotype or combination of genotypes, from any other variety whose existence is a matter of common knowledge at the time of the filing of the patent application with the Agency, or at the time of the requested priority, as applicable.

(2)The distinctness of the variety shall be determined by features which can be displayed and described precisely.

(3)

The variety’s existence shall be deemed to be a matter of common knowledge if at the application filing date:

(a)

it is protected in the Republic of Moldova or in another country and has been entered into the official register of protected varieties;

(b)

it has been entered in the Register of Plant Varieties or in similar registers and reference collections of other countries;

(c)

a registered application exists for the grant of protection to the variety or for its entry in the Register of Plant Varieties provided that, as a result of the application, protection is granted or the variety is entered in the Register.

Article 8

Uniformity

A variety shall be deemed to be uniform if, taking into account differences arising as a result of the particular features of its propagation, plants of the variety remain sufficiently uniform in the expression of characteristics included in the determination of distinctness of the variety, and also of other characteristics used to describe the variety.

Article 9

Stability

A variety shall be deemed to be stable if its relevant characteristics for the determination of its distinctness and any other features used to describe the variety remain unchanged after repeated propagation, or at the end of each cycle of propagation.

Article 11

Right in a patent

(1) The right in a patent shall belong to a breeder or his successor-in-title.

(2)Where the variety has been created or discovered and improved jointly by two or more breeders, the right in a patent shall belong to them all or to their successors-in-title. The priority of rights in the variety of each of them shall be established by a written contract between the breeders. The same priority shall be applied in cases where one or more breeders discovered the variety, but others improved said variety.

(3) The right in a patent shall likewise belong jointly to a breeder and a certain person (or certain persons) if the breeder and person (or persons) have declared in writing that they have agreed to share such a joint right.

(4) Where the right in a patent belongs jointly to two or more persons in accordance with parts (2) and (3), one person or several of the said persons may, by means of a written statement, confer the others with the right in the patent.

(5)Where two or more persons created or discovered and improved the same variety independently of each other, the right in a patent shall belong to the person whose patent application has the earlier date of filing or priority, assuming it has been granted. This provision is applied only in cases where the first application was published in accordance with Article 44.

(6) In the context of procedures conducted by the Agency, the applicant is the person entitled to a patent.

(c)

made use of material or financial means made available to him by the employer or a person who commissioned the breeding of the variety, as well as of knowledge and expertise gained in the performance of professional duties.

(3)

Where the employer, within 60 days of having been notified by the breeder of the breeding of the new variety, has not filed an application for a patent or has not assigned his right to file an application to another person, or has not instructed the breeder in writing to keep the newly bred variety secret, the breeder shall acquire the right to file a patent application and to obtain a patent in his own name. The employer shall in that case have a preferential right to be granted a non-exclusive license to use the variety.

(4)

Where the employer has obtained a patent to a variety bred in accordance with paragraph (1), the employee shall have a preferential right to obtain a non-exclusive license to use the variety.

(5)

Where the parties have not reached agreement regarding the amount of remuneration to which the employee is entitled, or the value of the license, these grants shall be resolved by a court depending upon the contribution of each party to the breeding of the variety and upon its commercial value.

(6)

The procedure for the breeding and use of varieties by employees shall be established by the Regulations on Industrial Property Subject Matter, bred as part of employment duties, as approved by the Government.

Article 13

Right to file a patent application

(1)

The following shall be entitled to file a patent application:

(a)

natural and legal persons domiciled or with a place of business in the Republic of Moldova;

(b)

natural and legal persons domiciled or with a place of business on the territory of a State party to relevant international treaties, a party to which is the Republic of Moldova;

(c)

natural and legal persons of any other country, provided that said country grants natural and legal persons domiciled or with a place of business in the Republic of Moldova protection for varieties of the same botanical taxon which is equivalent to the protection granted by this Law.

(2)

The patent application may be filed by two or more persons complying with the requirements stipulated in paragraph (1). Denial of a patent to one or more breeders shall not extend to the others, where they have acted in accordance with this Law.

Article 14 Patent application filed by a non-competent person

(1)

Where it is recognized by a final court judgment prior to the granting of a patent by the Agency that an entity with the right to obtain a patent under Part (1), Article 11, is a person other than the applicant, then that person shall be entitled:

(a)

to continue the patent application procedure as if it were his own instead of the applicant within three months of the date of the final court judgment;

(b)

where the patent application was withdrawn or refused, to file a fresh patent application for the same variety which retains the filing date of the original application within one month of the date of withdrawal or refusal of the application;

(c)

to request withdrawal of the patent application.

(2)

The interested party shall present a copy of the court decision to the Agency. The court’s decision shall be entered in the National Register of Applications and shall be published in the Gazette.

Part 3
Consequences of patent protection

Article 16

Limitation of patent owner’s rights

The right of a patent owner shall not extend to acts performed for:

(a)

private, non-commercial purposes;

(b)

scientific research and experiments;

(c) the breeding or discovery and improvement of other varieties, as well as to acts specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) of Article 15, in relation to these other varieties, except where the provisions of paragraph (4), Article 15 shall apply.

Article 17

Expiry of patent owner’s rights

The rights of the patent owner shall not extend to actions in relation to the material of the protected variety, or a variety to which the provisions of paragraph (4), Article 15 shall apply, and which was produced by a breeder or with his consent, where such actions:

(a)

are not intended for the subsequent propagation of the variety, except where such propagation was envisaged in the context of the sale of the corresponding material;

(b)

are not connected with the export of the material of the variety, enabling propagation of the variety in a country in which varieties of the botanical genus or species are not protected, except the export of material for the purposes of consumption.

Article 18

Use of a variety denomination

(1)

Any person offering or assigning to third parties for commercial purposes the material of a protected variety, or a variety to which the provisions of paragraph (4), Article 15 shall apply, must use the denomination of the variety conferred to it in accordance with Article 36. The denomination of a variety must be easily recognizable and reproducable in writing.

(2)

A person undertaking actions specified in paragraph (1) in relation to any material of the variety must specify the denomination of the variety at the request of any authority, customer or person demonstrating a legitimate interest.

(3)

The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be valid even after the expiry of patent protection.

Article 19

Limitation of use of a variety denomination

(1)

The patent owner may not use the right granted to him in relation to a designation identical to the denomination of the protected variety, in order to prohibit the free use of said denomination in relation to the variety even after the expiry of patent protection.

(2)

A third party may use the right granted to him in respect of a designation identical to the denomination of the protected variety, in order to prohibit the free use of this denomination only where said right was granted before the conferral of the denomination under Article 36.

(3)

The denomination conferred on a variety patented in the Republic of Moldova or a UPOV member State, or any other denomination with which the denomination of the variety might be confused, may not be used on the territory of the Republic of Moldova in relation to another variety of the same or closely related species or the material of this other variety.

Part 4
Period of validity and termination
of patent protection

Article 20

Term of validity of patent protection

(1)

The term of validity of patent protection for a plant variety shall be up to 25 years or, in the case of varieties of vines, potatoes and trees, up to 30 years from the publication date of information in the Gazette regarding the grant of the patent.

(2)

On the request of the patent owner, the term of patent protection may be extended for a further five years following the expiry of the terms specified in paragraph (1).

Article 21

Annulment of a patent

A patent may be annulled where:

(a) On the date of grant of the patent, the conditions stipulated in Articles 7 or 10 had not been satisfied;

(b)

The grant of the patent was based on data and documents provided by the applicant, and as at the date of the grant of the patent, the conditions specified in Articles 8 or 9 had not been satisfied;

(c)

The patent was granted to a person who was not entitled to it, provided it was not subsequently transferred to a competent person.

Article 22

Action regarding annulment of a patent

(1)

An action regarding the annulment of a patent may be brought at any time during the term of the patent, and must only be predicated on the reasons specified in Article 21.

(2)

Any person may bring an action in court to annul a patent. In the case provided for by item (c) of Article 21, the action may only be brought by a person entitled to enter patents in the National Register of Patents as a patent owner, or jointly by persons entitled to enter a patent in the Register as joint owners in accordance with paragraph (2) of Article 11.

(3)

action to annul a patent may be brought even where rights granted by the patent have been terminated, or where the patent has been refused.

(4)

A decision regarding the annulment of the patent shall be communicated to the Agency by the interested parties and entered in the National Register of Patents. A communication regarding the annulment of the patent shall be published in the Gazette.

Article 23

Consequences of annulment

(1)

Where a patent is declared annulled, the consequences of protection specified in Articles 15 to 19 shall be regarded as void from the date of grant of the patent.

(2)

The retrospective effect of annulment of a patent shall not extend:

(a)to decisions relating to actions for the infringement of rights, which are recognized as final and coming into legal force before the decision to annul was taken;

(b) to contracts concluded before the decision to annul was taken, to the extent that they were implemented before this decision was taken. In the interests of fairness, compensation of sums paid under the contract may be demanded.

Article 24

Deprivation of patent owner’s rights

(1)

The Agency shall announce the withdrawal of the patent owner’s rights with consequences in futurum where it has been established that the conditions specified in Articles 8 and 9 are no longer being satisfied. Where it has been established that these conditions were not being satisfied at a date earlier than the date of deprivation of rights, then the deprivation of rights may commence from this earlier date.

(2)

The Agency shall announce the deprivation of a patent owner’s rights where, within a time limit prescribed by the Agency, the patent owner:

(a)

refuses to provide at the request of the State Commission information, documents or material of the protected variety necessary for its controlled testing;

(b)

fails to propose another denomination for the variety, where the denomination of the variety no longer complies with the conditions of Article 36;

(c)

fails to pay patent grantgrant and maintenancein-force fees;

(d)

where the patent owner or his successor-in-title no longer satisfy the conditions specified in Articles 13 and 87.

(3)

The deprivation of a patent owner’s rights on the basis of non-payment of an annual fee or, where necessary, of an additional fee, shall be regarded as entering into force from the expiry date of the prescribed time limit for payment of this fee.

(4)

The Agency shall publish a notice in the Gazette regarding the deprivation of a patent owner’s rights.

Article 25

Surrender of a patent

(1)

A patent owner shall be entitled to surrender a patent by written request to the Agency, on condition of payment of the prescribed fee.

(2)

The surrender of a patent by one of the patent owners shall not terminate the validity of the patent, which shall remain in the ownership of the other patent owners.

(3)

The surrender of a patent shall take effect only after its entry in the National Register of Patents. A record of this shall be published in the Gazette.

(4)

The surrender of a patent shall be entered in the National Register of Patents only with the consent of a person enjoying a preferential right which has been entered in the Register.

(5)

Where the patent is the subject of a license contract entered in the National Register of Patents, the surrender of the patent shall be entered in the Register only where the patent owner provides evidence of the fact that he informed the licensee of his intention to surrender the patent. In such a case, the licensee shall have a preferential right to obtain the patent in his name within three months of the patent owner notifying him in writing of his intention to surrender the patent.

(6)

At the same time as submitting a written request to the Agency, the patent owner shall notify the breeder of his intention to surrender the patent. In such a case, the breeder shall have a preferential right to obtain the patent in his name within three months of the patent owner informing him in writing of his intention to surrender the patent.

Part 5
Patent application and patent as a
subject of ownership

Article 26

Rights granted by a
patent application after publication

(1) During the period from the date of publication until the date of grantgrant of a patent, the patent application shall temporarily grant the applicant the same rights as those granted to the patent owner in accordance with Article 15.

(2)

Infringement by third parties of the rights specified in paragraph (1) shall oblige the guilty party to compensate damages in accordance with the law. Compensation for damage shall be discharged following the grantgrant of the patent. The amount of compensation shall be prescribed by agreement between the parties. Where the parties are unable to reach agreement regarding the amount of compensation, it shall be fixed by a court.

(3)

The consequences of a patent application, as specified in paragraph (1), shall be regarded as invalid and shall cease to exist where the patent application has been withdrawn or rejected.

Article 27

Transfer of rights

(1)

The patent application and patent may be transferred to one or more successors-in-title.

(2)

Transfer of a patent application or patent by means of assignment may only be effected to a successor-in-title which satisfies the conditions specified in Articles 13 and 87. Assignment shall be performed in writing and signed by the parties to the contract, with the exception of assignment on the basis of a court decision or any other final document of a legal procedure. Otherwise, it shall be considered invalid.

(3)

Regarding cases referred to in Article 61, the transfer of rights shall not affect the rights of third parties which have been obtained before the date of transfer.

(4)

The transfer of rights shall be regarded as coming into effect for the Agency and may be presented to third parties only after the provision of specified documentary evidence and following their entry into the National Register of Applications or the National Register of Patents.

Article 29

License contracts

(1)

The patent application and patent may be the subject of a license contract. The licenses may be exclusive or non-exclusive.

(2)

The applicant or patent owner may claim rights granted by the patent application or patent to a license owner who has infringed one of the conditions or limitations stated in the license contract, in accordance with part (1).

Article 30

Joint ownership

In the case of joint ownership of a patent, the provisions of Articles 27 to 29 shall be applied mutatis mutandis in relation to the appropriate parts belonging to the joint owners, where such parts are defined by the contract.

Article 32

Filing of an application

The patent application shall be filed at the Agency by a competent person under Article 13 in person

or via a patent attorney in accordance with Article 87.

(3)

A separate patent application shall be filed for each variety or each category of variety.

(4)

The breeder shall be entitled to be specified in the application, patent, and in Agency publications concerning the application or patent. The breeder shall likewise be entitled to refuse attribution of his name in the patent and relevant Agency publications, for which purpose a request shall be filed in writing with the Agency.

(5)

Other requirements which the application must satisfy shall be prescribed in regulations ratified by the Government (hereinafter referred to as “the Regulations”).

Article 34

Language of prosecution

(1)

Apatent application shall be filed with the Agency in Moldovan.

(2)

The filing of the application and accompanying documentation shall be permitted in another language with the exception of the items specified in (a) Article 33(1)((a)-(e).

(3)

Where the application and accompanying documentation are filed in another language, for the purposes of examination the applicant shall be obliged to provide a translation into Moldovan within two months of filing the application. Otherwise, the application shall be declined.

Article 35

Filing date of the application

(1)

The filing date of the patent application shall be deemed to be the date when the Agency was presented with an application containing, at the very least, the items specified in (a) Article 33(1)((a)-(g).

(2)

Where the requirements specified in Article 33(1)(a)-(g) are not satisfied, the filing date of the application shall be deemed to be the date on which these conditions were satisfied.

(3)

The parts of the application specified in item (h) of paragraph (1), and documents accompanying the application specified in paragraph (2) of Article 33,

with the exception of those specified in items (b) and (g), may be provided by the applicant within two months of the application filing date.

(4) Permission to introduce a genetically modified organism into the environment shall be provided simultaneously with the filing of the application or within two months of the date of completion of the substantive examination.

Article 37

Right of priority

(1)

The priority of the application shall be determined by its filing date. Where several applications have been filed on the same date, priority shall be established dependent upon the order in which they are received.

(2)

Any person or his successor-in-title who has filed a plant variety patent application in accordance with the law in a UPOV member State or member of the World Trade Organization, shall enjoy for the purposes of filing the application for that same variety the right of priority for 12 months from the filing date of the preceding application; the filing day shall not be included in this period.

(3)

The applicant shall enjoy the right of priority of the preceding application on condition that such application exists on the filing date.

(4)

The right of priority shall be recognized in relation to any filing of an application valid as a correctly registered national application.

(5)

The applicant shall be granted a two-year period following the expiry of the term of priority or, where the initial application was refused or withdrawn, an appropriate period after such refusal or withdrawal, in order to provide all documentation, information or materials requested for the purpose of carrying out an examination.

Article 38

Requesting priority

(1)

An applicant who wishes to benefit from the priority of a previous application must file an application regarding the request of priority, a copy of the previous application, and, where necessary, a translation into Moldovan.

(2)

Priority shall be requested at the same time as filing of a patent application or within two months of the date of filing of the application, and shall be confirmed by a priority document.

(3)

The request for the right of priority shall be invalid where the applicant has failed to provide the Agency with copies of the previous applications, certified by a competent authority, within three months of the date of filing of the application.

(4)

Where the previous application was not in Moldovan, the Agency shall be entitled to request a certified translation into Moldovan.

Article 40

Effect of the right of priority

(1)

The effect of the right of priority shall be that where Articles 7 and 10 apply, the filing date of the previous application and the filing date of the patent application shall be one and the same.

(2)

The filing of another patent application, publication of information on a variety or use of a new variety which was the subject of an initial application, in the period specified in paragraph (2) of Article 37, may not serve as a basis for refusing a subsequent application and the acquisition of rights by third parties.

(3)

Failure to comply with the time limits stipulated in paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 38, or to pay the priority claim fee shall cause the priority claim not to be recognized.

Chapter IV
PROCEDURE FOR GRANTING A PATENT

Part 1
Examination conducted prior to the
granting of a patent

Article 41

Examination of an application

(1)

The Agency and the State Commission shall verify whether the patent application and variety which is the subject matter of the patent comply with the requirements stipulated by the Law. To this end, the Agency shall conduct an examination of form, a preliminary examination and a substantive examination of the patent application. The State Commission shall conduct a technical examination of the patent application.

(2)

The Agency shall be entitled to request from the applicant what it deems to be necessary additional materials in relation to the identity of the applicant himself or of the breeder, a correctly registered national application, or to the fulfillment of conditions of patentability.

(3)

The conditions for providing the additional materials specified in paragraph (2) shall be prescribed in the Regulations.

Article 42

Examination of form

(1)

In conducting a formal examination, the Agency shall within two months verify the compliance of the patent application with the criteria for the award of a filing date under paragraph (1) of Article 35.

(2)

Where the application complies with the criteria specified in (a)Article 33(1)((a)-(g), the Agency shall enter information relating to the application in the National Register of Applications.

(3)

Where the application fails to comply with the criteria specified in (a)Article 33(1)((a)-(g), the Agency shall give the applicant the opportunity to correct any shortcomings within a time limit prescribed in a notification.

(4) If in the prescribed timeframe the applicant fails to provide the necessary information or to satisfy the conditions of (a)Article 33(1)((a)-(g), the application shall be deemed not to have been filed, and the applicant shall be accordingly notified of this.

Article 43

Preliminary examination

(1)

In conducting a preliminary examination, within three months of the filing date of the patent application the Agency shall verify:

(a)

the application’s compliance with the conditions specified in Article 33, and, where necessary, Article 34;

(b)

compliance of the contents of the application documentation with the conditions specified in the Regulations;

(c)

compliance of the procedure for claiming right of priority with the provisions of Articles 37 and 38;

(d)

fulfillment of the requirements of Article 87;

(e)

payment within the prescribed time limit of the application filing fee.

(2)

Where deficiencies are identified which may be obviated, the Agency shall notify the applicant, having granted him the opportunity to obviate them within a time limit specified in the notification. Where the specified time limit is not observed, or in the absence of a request to extend the time limit, the patent application shall be refused.

Article 44

Publication of the application

(1)

Three months after the date of filing the patent application, the Agency shall publish information regarding said application in the Gazette. The information subject to publication shall be prescribed in the Regulations.

(2)

At the same time as the publication of the application in the Gazette, the Agency shall publish the documents relating to the application in the form in which they were provided by the applicant.

(3) Patent applications which were withdrawn or refused prior to the completion of technical preparation for publication shall not be published.

Article 45

Substantive examination

(1)

In conducting a substantive examination, within six months of the filing date of the patent application the Agency shall verify:

(a)

compliance of the variety for which a patent has been applied for with the conditions specified in Article 10;

(b)

compliance of the variety denomination with the conditions specified in Article 36.

(2)

The Agency is entitled to request from the applicant any missing corroborative documents or clarifying materials which he must provide within a time limit specified in the Agency’s notification. Where the time limit is not observed, or in the absence of a request to extend it, the patent application shall be refused.

(3)

Where during the examination it is established that the variety denomination does not comply with the conditions of Article 36, the applicant shall be offered the opportunity to provide the Agency with a new variety denomination within a time limit specified in the notification. Where the time limit is not observed, or in the absence of a request to extend it, the patent application shall be refused.

(4)

Where the patent application complies with the prescribed conditions, the Agency shall notify the applicant to this effect.

(5)

Upon completion of the substantive examination, the Agency shall forward copies of the application documentation to the State Commission for the purpose of conducting a technical examination of the variety.

Article 46

Technical examination of a variety

(1) Where after conducting examinations under Articles 43 and 45, the Agency establishes that there are no obstacles to granting a patent, steps shall be taken to conduct a technical examination in order to:

(a)

determine whether the new candidate variety belongs to the botanical taxon applied for by the applicant and identified in the preliminary examination;

(b)

establish whether the variety complies with the conditions of distinctness, uniformity and stability according to Articles 7, 8 and 9;

(c)

establish whether a description of the new variety enables it to be distinguished from another commonly known variety.

(2)

A technical examination of the variety shall be carried out by the State Commission and shall include the conduct of breeding tests:

(4)

The State Commission shall establish a date and place for the seeds or propagating material required to conduct a technical examination to be provided free-of-charge, in appropriate samples and in necessary quantities. Failure to provide the necessary materials within the prescribed time limit shall result in the application being deemed to have been withdrawn.

(5)The State Commission may request all necessary information and documents from the applicant.

Article 47

Conducting a technical examination

(1)

The State Commission shall conduct a technical examination of a variety in accordance with directions and within time limits prescribed by international standards.

(2)

The applicant shall pay the prescribed fee for the technical examination to be conducted.

(3)

Where testing of the variety has been carried out by a competent authority of a UPOV member State or by the applicant, the State Commission shall analyze its results in order to confirm or deny the suitability of the testing done.

(4) On the basis of the results of the technical examination, the State Commission shall compile a report on the technical examination and send it to the Agency.

Article 48

Technical examination report

(1)

Where the State Commission deems the results of the technical examination to be insufficient to evaluate the variety, it shall send a report on the technical examination and a more precise official description of the variety to the Agency.

(2)

Where in the course of conducting a technical examination it is established that the variety does not comply with the conditions in Articles 7, 8 and 9, the State Commission shall compile a report on the technical examination and send it to the Agency.

(3)

The Agency shall notify the applicant of the results of the technical examination and invite him to provide feedback within the time limit specified in the notification.

(4)

Where it is established that the report on the technical examination does not contain sufficient grounds to make a decision, the State Commission may, on its own initiative and following consultation with the applicant or upon reasonable request of the applicant, stipulate the conducting of an additional examination on condition of an additional payment. Any additional examination carried out prior to taking the final decision shall be deemed to be a constituent part of the examination carried out in accordance with Article 46(1).

(5)

The results of the technical examination shall be for the exclusive use of the Agency and may only be used in future with its consent.

(a)

within three months of the publication date of the application where the proposed denomination does not comply with the provisions of Article 36;

(b)

in the period between the publication of the application and before a decision is taken in the case of failure to comply with the conditions specified in Articles 6 to 10.

(2)

The applicant shall be notified of objections and granted the opportunity to respond within two months. The objections and responses provided shall be taken into account by the Agency in taking the decisions specified in Article 50.

Article 50

Decisions of the Agency

(1)

Within three months of the date of obtaining the report on the technical examination and the precise official description of a variety, where it has been established that the examination results are sufficient to take a decision on an application, and in the absence of any of the obstacles specified in Article 49 and paragraph (2) of this Article, the Agency shall take a decision regarding the grant of the patent.

(2)

The Agency shall take a decision to reject an application:

(a)

where the applicant has failed to eliminate deficiencies within the time limit specified in Articles 43 and 45;

(b)

where the applicant has failed to satisfy the requirements specified in paragraph (1) of Article 46;

(c)

where the applicant has failed to propose a variety denomination in accordance with Article 36;

(d)

where on the basis of the technical examination report it has been concluded that the conditions of Articles 7, 8 and 9 have not been satisfied;

(e)

at the request of a person whose right in the patent has been recognized by a court decision.

(3)

The Agency shall notify the applicant of the decision taken.

Article 51

Basis of decisions

(1) The Agency’s decisions must contain the grounds for taking said decisions.

(2)The Agency’s decisions shall be based exclusively on grounds and items of evidence with which interested parties could familiarize themselves orally or in writing and on which they could state their point of view.

Article 52

Publication of a decision

(1)

The Agency shall publish notification of its decision to grant a patent or refuse an application in the Gazette.

(2)

At the same time as the publication of the notification of the decision to grant a patent, the Agency shall publish patent documents containing the official description of a variety and photographs, as necessary. Information for publication shall be determined by the Regulations.

Part 2
Appeals procedure

Article 54

Conditions for filing an appeal

(1)

Any decision taken by the Agency may be appealed at the Board of Appeals of the Agency.

(2)

Any natural or legal person may lodge an appeal, while complying with the provisions of Article 87, against a decision affecting him directly, or against a decision affecting another person, but who has a direct relationship with him.

(3)

A justified appeal shall be presented to the Agency in writing within two months of the day of the decision where the appeal is lodged by the applicant, or otherwise, within two months of the date of publication of the decision.

(4)

The appeal shall only be deemed to have been lodged upon payment of the prescribed fee.

(5)

An appeal lodged according to paragraph (1) has a suspending effect. The Agency, where it considers it necessary, may take the decision not to suspend an appealed decision.

Article 55

Examination of an appeal

(1)

Where an appeal is permitted for examination, the Board of Appeals shall verify whether it is reasonable.

(2)

In the course of examination of the appeal, which shall be conducted in accordance with the Regulations on the Board of Appeals of the Agency, the parties may lodge as necessary within the time limit prescribed by the Board of Appeals their feedback on the notifications addressed to them, or the communications received from other parties.

(3)

The parties to the appeals procedure shall be entitled to make oral representations.

Article 56

Decision in relation to an appeal

(1)

Following examination of an appeal, the Board of Appeals shall either pass final judgment on it, or transfer the matter to a competent sub-division of the Agency or to the State Commission in order to repeat the examination.

(2)

Where the Board of Appeals transfers the matter to a competent sub-division of the Agency or to the State Commission, the grounds and directions contained in the Board of Appeals’ decision shall be binding on said sub-division and the State Commission, provided that the facts of the matter are one and the same.

(3)

The decision of the Board of Appeals shall be published in the Gazette within two months of it being taken.

Article 58

Grant of a patent

(2)

Where a decision to grant a patent has not been challenged, or the lodged appeals were rejected, the Agency shall grant a patent to the person entitled to said patent, provided that the prescribed fees have been paid, and shall publish information to that effect in the Gazette.

(3)

The patent shall be granted by the Agency on the basis of the decision on the grant of the patent.

(4)

The date of grant of the patent shall be the publication date of a notification of its grant in the Gazette. A list of information to be published shall be determined by the Agency. The date of grant of the patent shall be entered in the National Register of Patents.

(5)

Where the prescribed fees for the grant of a patent have not been paid following publication of the notification of the grant of the patent under the conditions specified in the Regulations, the patent shall not be granted; a notification regarding the loss of the patent owner’s rights shall be entered in the National Register of Patents and published in the Gazette.

Article 59

Maintenance in force of a patent

(2) In order to maintain a patent in force, it shall be necessary to pay annual fees in accordance with the provisions of Article 92.

(3)

Annual fees shall be paid following publication of the notification regarding grant of a patent, and shall be deemed to have been paid when payment is effected within the time limit prescribed in the Regulations.

(4)

Where the annual fee has not been paid within the prescribed time limit, it may be paid within six months of the expiry date of said time limit, subject to the payment of an additional fee.

Article 60

Patent granted to a non-competent person

(1)

Where a patent is granted to a person who is not entitled to it, then the person who is so entitled may request the transfer of the patent to his name, without prejudicing other existing rights or actions according to the law.

(2)

Where a person is only entitled to partial patent protection, he may request recognition as the joint owner of the patent in accordance with paragraph (1).

(3)

The actions specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) may only be examined in court within five years of the publication date of the decision to grant the patent in the Gazette.

(4)

Paragraph (3) shall not be applied where, on the date of the grant or grant of the patent, the patent owner was aware that he was not entitled to it, or was not the sole person so entitled.

(5)

The lodging of a legal action shall be recorded in the National Register of Patents. A certified copy of the court judgment shall be provided to the Agency by the interested party. The final and legally enforceable court judgment shall be entered in the National Register of Patents and come into force for third parties as of the publication date in the Gazette.

(2)

Where, prior to bringing the action, the patent owner or license owner used the variety on the territory of the Republic of Moldova or undertook effective and substantive preparations for this purpose, they may continue such use, provided that an application for the grant of a non-exclusive license is submitted to the new patent owner, as entered in the National Register of Patents. The application must be submitted within the time limit stipulated in the Regulations. The license shall be granted for a defined period and under reasonable conditions.

(3)

In the absence of agreement between the parties, the non-exclusive license specified in paragraph (2) may be granted by a court.

(4)

The provisions of paragraph (2) shall not be applied where the patent owner or license owner acted in bad faith when they began to use the variety or prepared for such use.

Article 62

Change in variety denomination

(1)

The denomination of the variety, conferred to it in accordance with Article 36, may be changed where the Agency establishes that such denomination fails to satisfy or no longer satisfies the requirements specified in the relevant Article, and where it has previously been possible to demonstrate the right of a third party, and the patent owner has agreed with the change, or where use of the variety denomination by the patent owner or by any other person is prohibited by a court decision.

(2)

The Agency shall propose to the patent owner to provide an amended variety denomination in accordance with Article 36.

(3)

The amended denomination proposed may become the subject of objections under Article 49.

Article 63

Technical inspection

(1) The patent owner shall be obliged to maintain the protected variety for the patent’s entire term to such an extent as to retain all of its features as specified in the official description of the variety as at the date of the grant of the patent.

(2)

The State Commission may carry out a technical inspection under Articles 46 and 47 in order to verify whether the protected variety is in continued existence as such, i.e. whether it retains all the features specified in the official description as at the date of the grant of the patent.

(3)

The patent owner shall be obliged to provide the State Commission with all information necessary to verify the existence of the variety as such. He shall be obliged to provide variety material and to allow testing for the purpose of establishing whether essential measures have been taken to guarantee the existence of the variety as such.

Article 64

Technical inspection report

(1) Where the State Commission has established that the variety is no longer uniform or stable, it shall send the Agency a report with its conclusions.

(2)Where, upon conducting the technical inspection, it emerges that the variety fails to comply with the conditions of patentability specified in Part (1), the Agency shall notify the patent owner of the results of the inspection and give him the opportunity to provide feedback.

(3) Where the patent owner fails to provide feedback, the Agency shall announce his loss of rights as granted by the patent, in accordance with Article 24.

Chapter VI
INFORMING THE PUBLIC

Article 65

Informing the public

The Agency and State Commission shall, by virtue of their authority, inform the public of all decisions and notifications which stipulate a certain time limit or communication, which in turn are stipulated by other provisions of this Law, order of the Director General of the Agency, or order of the Chairman of the State Commission.

Article 66

Registers

(2)

The Agency shall keep the National Register of Applications, including:

(a)

patent applications, containing an indication of taxon, preliminary variety denomination, filing date, names and addresses of the applicants, breeders and patent attorney;

(b)

all information relating to the completion of the procedure concerning patent applications, with reference to the information specified in item (a);

(c)

proposals for the denomination of the variety;

(d)

amendments affecting the applicant or the patent attorney.

(1)

The Agency shall keep the National Registry of Patents, in which the following information shall be included after the decision regarding the grant of a patent is taken:

(a)

the species and denomination of the variety;

(b)

the official description of the variety, or an indication of a document at the Agency’s disposal, which contains such a description;

(c)

for varieties requiring certain components in order to obtain material for repeated use, an indication of such components;

(d)

the names and addresses of the patent owner, breeder and patent attorney;

(e)

the commencement date and expiry date of the period of validity of the patent;

(f)

upon request, any contractual right to exclusive use or any right to compulsory use of the variety, including the name and address of the person enjoying the right of use;

(g)

instructions for the identification of the variety as an initial variety, or a variety essentially inheriting the features of the initial variety, including the denomination of the varieties and the names of the parties involved.

(1)

The Agency shall maintain the registers specified in paragraphs (1) and (2), in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Registers.

(2)

The State Commission shall maintain the Register of Plant Varieties, which contains the following information about varieties permitted for breeding in the Republic of Moldova:

(a)

registration number;

(b)

variety denomination;

(c)

breeder’s name and address;

(d)

holder’s name and address;

(e)

year of registration;

(f)

some morphological and breeding characteristics of the variety.

(4)

The Agency and State Commission shall not be entitled to transfer material provided or obtained within the framework of testing to third parties, except where the relevant person gives his consent.

(5)

Upon request by an interested party, the Agency and the State Commission shall be entitled to grant excerpts from the register upon payment of the prescribed fee.

Article 68

Periodicals

(1)

The Agency shall, on a monthly basis, grant the Gazette, containing:

(a)

information entered in the National Register of Applications and the National Register of Patents, and likewise any other information whose publication is stipulated by this Law;

(b)

notifications and information of a general nature, received from the Director General of the Agency, and also any other information affecting this Law and the application thereof.

(2)

The State Commission shall periodically publish the Register of Plant Varieties, including varieties and hybrids allowed for breeding and marketing.

Article 69

Preventive marking

(1)

The patent owner shall be entitled to mark the material of a variety or the harvested material of a variety with preventive marking indicating that the variety is patented.

(2)

The absence of preventive marking shall not have legal consequences.

(3)

A person who, directly or indirectly, falsely specifies that the material of a variety or the harvested material of a variety obtained or sold by him belongs to a variety patented by another person shall be answerable before the law.

(4)

Where genetically modified plant varieties are marketed, the material of a variety shall be marked appropriately with an indication on the label and/or in accompanying documentation of the presence of genetically modified organisms.

Chapter VII
ENSURING OBSERVANCE OF RIGHTS

Article 70

Actions for infringement of rights

(1)

The undertaking of any act specified in Article 15 without the permission of the patent owner shall be deemed to be an infringement of rights arising from a patent application or a patent, as shall the following acts:

(a)

incorrect use of the variety denomination or failure to indicate the denomination in contravention of the provision of Article 18(2);

(b)

contrary to Article 19(3), use of the denomination of a protected variety or of a denomination so similar as to be easily confused with the denomination of a protected variety.

(2)

A person who has committed the infringements specified in paragraph (1) shall be obliged to compensate for damages sustained by the patent owner. The amount of compensation may not be less than the benefit obtained by the infringer.

Article 71

Actions preceding the grant of a patent

The patent owner may apply for reasonable compensation from any person who in the period between the publication date of the patent application and the patent grant date committed an act which would have been prohibited had the patent been granted.

Article 72

Right to bring an action for infringement of rights

(1)

An action for infringement of rights may be brought by a patent owner.

(2)

A licensee may bring an action for infringement of rights, except where such an eventuality was deliberately excluded by way of agreement with the patent owner in the case of an exclusive license, or by a court in accordance with Article 31 or 61.

(3) Any licensee shall have the right to participate in infringement proceedings brought by the patent owner in a court in order to obtain compensation for damages sustained.

Article 73

Measures to secure evidence prior to the filing of an action for infringement of rights

(2)

Any competent person who has provided sufficient evidence to confirm the infringement of his rights may request a court or other competent authority prior to the filing of an action against illegal acts to take temporary measures to secure relevant evidence provided that the confidentiality of the information is safeguarded. A court may pronounce judgment on the adoption of measures to secure evidence on condition that a deposit is lodged by the plaintiff or a guarantee of equivalent value is provided, necessary to compensate any damages caused to the defendant where no infringement is confirmed.

(3)

In order to adopt measures to secure evidence, the court shall have the right to:

(a)

request a detailed description of the variety or its materials, the rights to which are assumed to have been infringed, either with or without specimens;

(b)

to seize the disputed products;

(c)

to seize materials and equipment used in the production process and/or distribution of the disputed products, and also documents relating thereto.

(1)

The procedure for applying measures to secure evidence shall be performed by a court or other competent authority in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure. Measures to secure evidence shall be implemented with the assistance of a bailiff, accompanied where necessary by a representative of the Agency and a police officer.

Article 74

Securing evidence in urgent cases

(2) Measures to secure evidence may be prescribed without the knowledge of the defendant where a delay could cause irreparable harm to the patent owner or where there is a risk of the evidence being destroyed. The affected parties shall be promptly informed of the court’s decision.

(3) The decision regarding the securing of evidence may be appealed to the court.

Article 75

Invalidity of measures to secure evidence

(1)

Measures to secure evidence shall be deemed worthless or invalid:

(a)

where within 20 working days the plaintiff fails to bring an action on infringement of rights in court;

(b)

as a result of any actions or inaction of the plaintiff which involved the causing of damage;

(c)

upon the establishment of the absence of infringement or the risk of infringement of rights in a plant variety;

(d)

in other cases specified by law, by court decision.

(2)

Where damage is caused by measures to secure evidence recognized as worthless or invalid, the plaintiff shall pay the defendant appropriate compensation.

by the refusal to grant access to the information, on condition that the parties are granted the opportunity of a hearing as regards their claims or evidence.

Article 77

Right to information

(1)

Where upon examination of the dispute it has been established that rights in a plant variety have been infringed, a court may request information regarding the provenance and distribution channels of materials infringing the right in the variety from the infringer or any other person:

(a)

in whose possession counterfeit materials intended for sale were discovered;

(b)

identified by the person mentioned in item (a) as a person involved in the production, reproduction or distribution of the variety materials.

(2)

The information specified in paragraph (1) shall include where necessary:

(a)

the names and addresses of the breeder, distributor, supplier and previous owners of the variety materials, and also of wholesalers and retailers;

(b)

information on the amount produced, supplied, obtained or ordered, and also about the price of the relevant variety materials.

(3)

The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be applied without detriment to other legislative and regulatory norms, which:

(a)

shall enable the patent owner to obtain more detailed information;

(b)

shall govern use of information provided in accordance with this Article in civil or criminal cases;

(c)

shall determine responsibility for abuse of the right to information;

(d)

shall give the opportunity to refuse to provide information which might force the person identified in paragraph (1) to recognize his own participation or that of close relatives in the infringement of the patent;

(e) shall govern the safeguarding of confidentiality of information sources or the processing of personal data.

Article 78

Measures to secure an action for infringement of rights

(1)

Having established actual or unavoidable infringement of a patent, a court may, upon the application of the right owner, take measures to secure an action on infringement of rights in relation to the infringer and/or intermediaries, such as:

(a)

taking a decision on the temporary prohibition of any act which is an infringement of the patent owner’s rights, or permitting the continuation of such acts on condition that a deposit is lodged which is sufficient to compensate the patent owner for damages sustained;

(b)

the sequestration of materials suspected in the infringement of a patent in order to prevent their use in commercial trade;

(c)

the sequestration of any of the infringer’s property, including freezing of bank accounts, requiring bank, financial or commercial documentation to be provided, where the infringement has been committed in the commercial arena and there is a risk of failure to compensate for damages sustained.

(2)

Measures for ensuring maintenance of rights may be prescribed without the defendant’s knowledge, where any delay could cause irreparable harm to the patent owner, or where there is a risk that the evidence will be destroyed. The affected parties shall be promptly informed of the court’s decision.

(a)

temporary withdrawal from trade;

(b)

final and complete withdrawal from trade;

(c)

destruction.

(2)

The measures specified in paragraph (1) shall be implemented at the expense of the defendant, except when there are important reasons preventing this.

(3)

Upon examination of an application for remedies, a court shall be led by the principle of fairness, by proportionality of the seriousness of the infringement and prescribed means of protection, and shall also take into account the interests of third parties.

Article 80

Ensuring execution of a court judgment

Where a court passes judgment on the verification of a patent infringement, the court may, upon the patent owner’s request, take measures to ensure the infringer fulfils the judgment, in accordance with which the latter shall be ordered to cease any actions infringing the rights of the patent owner. For this purpose, the court may oblige the infringer to lodge an appropriate deposit or provide a guarantee of equivalent value. The patent owner may also request the application of such measures to intermediaries whose services are used by third parties in infringing the patent.

Article 81

Alternative measures

The court may, upon the request of the infringer, prescribe financial compensation to the plaintiff instead of the measures specified in Articles 79 and 80, where the infringer acted unintentionally or carelessly, where adoption of such measures would cause him disproportionate detriment, and where financial compensation for the plaintiff is reasonable.

Article 82

Compensation for damage

(1) Upon the request of an aggrieved party, a person who deliberately infringed, or who had reasonable grounds to recognize the patent had been infringed,

Republic of Moldovashall compensate the patent owner for realistic damage caused by the infringement of his rights. In determining the amount of compensation:

(a)

all existing circumstances must be taken into account, such as negative economic consequences, including profit foregone by the aggrieved party, income obtained illegally by the defendant, and also other aspects, such as moral damage sustained by the patent owner as a result of infringement of his rights;

(b)

as an alternative, a single lump sum may be determined, calculated based upon, at the very least, regular payments or remuneration which would be due to the patent owner where the defendant has requested permission to use the relevant plant variety.

(3)Where the infringer has committed an infringement unwittingly or did not have reasonable grounds to be aware of said infringement, he shall be obliged to compensate the patent owner for profit foregone or damage caused, as prescribed in accordance with the law.

Article 83

Publication of court decisions

(1)

In the context of actions for infringement of protected rights, at the request of the plaintiff and at the expense of the defendant, a competent legal authority may prescribe measures for the distribution of information relating to a court decision, including displaying it in public places, and also partial or full publication of the decision.

(2)

The competent legal authority may prescribe additional publicity measures, including mass-market, appropriate to the specific circumstances.

Chapter VIII
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 84

Extension of time limits and reinstatement of a missed deadline

(1) Time limits concerning the application or patent prescribed by this Law or by the Regulations may be extended by submitting a request to the Agency prior to the expiry of the prescribed time limit. The

Law No. 39-XVI time limit shall be extended by no more than six months from the expiry date of the prescribed time limit.

Article 85

Restoration of rights (restitutio in integrum)

(1)

Where, despite taking all appropriate measures dictated by circumstances, the applicant or patent owner or any of the parties to a procedure under the Agency’s auspices are not confined to any time limit, a direct consequence of which is the loss of the right or the opportunity to appeal, the rights of the relevant person or party, upon request, shall be restored.

(2)

A request for the restoration of rights shall be submitted in writing within two months of the date of the elimination of the reason for failing to comply with the prescribed time limit, but no later than 12 months from the expiry date of the missed deadline. Where a request concerns the reinstatement of a patent due to non-payment of the annual maintenance-in-force fee, the 12-month period shall commence from the expiry of the time limit specified in Article 59(3).

(3)

A request for restoration of rights must be justified and contain the facts and arguments on which it is based.

(4)

A request for restoration of rights shall be deemed to be submitted upon payment of the prescribed fee for restoration of rights.

(5)

The provisions of this Article shall not be applicable to the time limits specified in paragraph

(2)

of this Article, paragraph (3) of Article 12, paragraph (1) of Article 14, in Articles 37 to 39, 49 and paragraph (3) of Article 54.

Article 86

Right of subsequent use

Any person who, in the period between the loss of application or patent rights and the restoration of such rights, used in good faith or undertook effective and essential preparations to use a variety which is the subject of a published application or enjoys patent protection, may continue to use it free of charge within the framework or for the requirements of his business, without exceeding the existing scope of use.

(2)

Representation shall be conducted through a power of attorney provided to the Agency, under the conditions and within the time limits prescribed by the Regulations.

(3)

Patent attorneys shall conduct their activities in accordance with regulations approved by the Government.

Article 88

Examination at the Agency’s initiative

(1)

Whilst carrying out procedures, the Agency may, on its own initiative, resort to studying facts to the extent that they are the subject of the examinations specified in Articles 45 and 46.

(2)

The Agency shall not be obliged to take into account facts which have not been requested, or evidence which has not been provided within the prescribed time limit.

Article 89

Oral procedure

(1)

An oral procedure shall be conducted at the Agency’s initiative or upon the request of one of the parties to the procedure.

(2)

Without affecting the provisions of paragraph (3), an oral procedure conducted at the Agency shall not be public.

(3)

An oral procedure conducted at the Board of Appeals, and in particular publication of the decision, shall be public, with the exception of decisions whose publication might inflict serious and unjustified losses, especially on one of the parties to the procedure.

Article 90

Gathering evidence

(1)

In carrying out any procedure under the auspices of the Agency, State Commission, or the courts, the following measures may be undertaken for the collection of evidence:

(a)

hearing of the parties;

(b)

request for information;

Republic of Moldova

(c)

provision of documents and other evidence;

(d)

hearing of witnesses;

(e)

examination;

(f)

visiting the place of business;

(g)

written declarations under oath.

(2)

Where the Agency, State Commission or court considers it necessary that a party to the procedure, witness or specialist give an oral testimony:

(a)

the person shall be invited to the appropriate authority;

(b)

a request to obtain testimonies from the appropriate person shall be submitted to the court or other competent authority.

(3)

A party to the procedure, witness or specialist who has been invited to the Agency, State Commission or court, may request approval to be heard by a competent authority. After receiving such a request, or where the person fails to appear, the Agency, State Commission or court may request before the competent authority to receive the testimony of said person.

(4)

Where a party to the procedure, witness or specialist gives evidence to the Agency, State Commission or court, the relevant person may request before the competent authority to be heard under appropriate conditions.

Article 92

Fees

(1)

In accordance with regulations ratified by the Government, the Agency shall levy fees for the performance of legal acts, and also annual fees for the maintenance in force of the patent during its term of validity.

(2)

In the case of non-payment of fees prescribed for the performance of other acts only on the request of an interested party, the application shall not be deemed to be filed where the fee has not been paid within the time limit specified in the Agency’s notification, by means of which the person was invited to pay the fee and was warned about the consequences of non-payment.

(3)

Where certain information provided by the applicant may only be verified by means of carrying out a technical examination, the cost of which exceeds the prescribed payment, an additional charge shall be levied in respect of the technical examination.

(4)

Fees shall be paid by the applicant, patent owner, and also by other interested natural or legal persons.

Article 93

Protection and testing of varieties abroad

(2)

Natural and legal persons from the Republic of Moldova shall have the right to choose in which State to submit the initial filing of the patent application.

(3)

The applicant shall be entitled to apply to other UPOV member States for the grant of a plant variety patent, without having to wait for the grant of the patent for said variety by an authority of the State in which the initial application was filed.

(4)

The variety for which protection is sought in the Republic of Moldova may be tested in another State where a corresponding bilateral or international treaty has been concluded with that State.

(5)

An applicant who has filed his first application in another State shall be required to provide information on the testing carried out in compliance with the requirements for variety protection in that State.

(6)

The cost of protecting a variety abroad shall be borne by the applicant.

Article 94

Competencies in examination of disputes

(1)

The Agency’s Board of Appeals shall examine disputes concerning:

(a)

grant of a patent or rejection of a patent application;

(b)

recognition of right of priority;

(c)

withdrawal of the patent application or refusal of the patent.

(2)

The work of the Board of Appeals shall be governed by the Regulations on the work of the Agency’s Board of Appeals, as ratified by the Government.

(3)

The Cisinãu Chamber of Appeals shall examine disputes:

(a)

regarding the establishment of the breeder;

(b)

concerning the establishment of the person entitled to obtain a patent;

(c)

regarding the grant of a license for a patent application or patent;

(d)

in relation to actions concerning the right of subsequent use;

(e)

between an enterprise and an employee relating to actions affecting patent rights;

(f)

relating to actions concerning the infringement of a patent application or a patent, and instructions on appropriate measures;

(g)

regarding the cancellation of the patent;

CHAPITRE I
DISPOSITIONS GENERALES
Article 1. Domaine de réglementation et le but de la loi

(1)

La présente loi règlemente les rapports qui apparaissent dans le processus de la création, de la protection juridique et de l’utilisation des variétés appartenant aux tous les genres et espèces végétaux.

(2)

Le but de la présente loi est l’établissement d’un cadre juridique d’organisation et de fonctionnement du système de la protection des variétés végétales.

Article 2. Cadre juridique

(1)

Les rapports qui apparaissent dans le processus de la création, de la protection juridique et d’utilisation des variétés végétales sont réglementés par la Constitution de la République de Moldova, par le Code Civil, par le Code pour la science et l’innovation, par le Code douanier, par les traités internationaux auxquels la République de Moldova est partie, par la présente loi et par les autres actes normatifs.

(2)

Lorsque les traités internationaux auxquels la République de Moldova est partie établissent des autres normes que ceux prévues par la présente loi, on applique les normes des traités internationaux.

Article 3. Définitions

Au sens de la présente loi, les termes et les expressions de la bas sont définis comme ainsi:

Améliorateur – personne qui a crée ou a découvert et a développé une variété;

Variété – group des plantes qui appartient à un seul taxon botanique du rang le plus bas connu qui, qu’il réponde ou non pleinement aux conditions pour l’octroi de la protection par le brevet, peut être:

- définit par l’expression des caractères résultant d’un certain génotype ou d’une certaine combinaison de génotypes; l’expression des caractères du matériel de la variété du même type peut être variable ou invariable, le dégrée de la variabilitéétant déterminé par le génotype ou par la combinaison de génotypes;

-distinct auprès de tout autre group des plantes par l’expression d’au moins un desdits caractères;

-considéré comme une entité, ayant en vue son aptitude àêtre reproduit sans une modification;

Catégorie de la variété – la clone, la ligne, l’hybride;

Le matériel de la variété – graines, plantes entières ou parties des plantes capables de

reproduire des plantes entières; Demandeur -personne physique ou morale qui sollicite l’octroi d’un brevet pour une variété végétale; Titulaire de brevet – personne physique ou morale qui détient un brevet pour une variété végétale; Organisme modifiée génétiquement – tout organisme vif qui a une nouvelle combinaison de matériel génétique obtenu avec l’aide de la biotechnologie moderne.

Article 4. Protection juridique de la variété

(1)

Les droits sur une variété sont obtenues et protégées sur le territoire de la République de Moldova par l’octroi d’un brevet pour une variété végétale (nommé ensuit comme brevet) par l’Agence d’Etat pour la Propriété Intellectuelle en conformité avec la présente loi et les actes normatifs subordonnées à la loi, ainsi qu’avec les traités internationaux auxquels la République de Moldova est partie.

(2)

L’extension de la protection juridique par le brevet est déterminée par l’ensemble des caractères essentiels de la variété, exposés dans la description officielle de celui-ci.

Article 5. Organes qui réalisent la protection juridique des variétés

(1)

Les organes qui réalisent la politique d’état dans le domaine de la protection juridique des variétés sont : l’Agence d’Etat pour la Propriété Intellectuelle (ensuite AGEPI) et la Commission d’état pour l’essayage des variétés végétales (ensuite la Commission d’état). La politique d’état sur l’utilisation de nouvelles variétés dans le processus de production est réalisée par le Conseil national pour les variétés végétales.

(2)

AGEPI est l’office national dans le domaine de la protection de la propriété intellectuelle et est l’unique autorité de la République de Moldova qui octroie la protection juridique pour des nouvelles variétés végétales.

(3) AGEPI:

a) élabore des projets des actes législatifs et d’autres actes normatifs dans le domaine de la protection des variétés végétales, approuve des actes procédurales nécessaires à l’exécution de ces attributions établissent par la loi ;

b) enregistre et examine les demandes de brevet, octroie et délivre, au nom d’état, des brevets, publie des informations officielles dans le Bulletin Officiel de Propriété Industrielle (ensuit BOPI);

c) détient et administre la Collectionne nationale des brevets pour les variétés végétales et fait des échanges d’informations avec les organisations internationales et avec les administrations de protection des variétés végétales d’étranger;

d) tient le Registre national des demandes de brevet pour les variétés végétales (ensuit Registre national des demandes) et le Registre nationale des brevets pour les variétés végétales (ensuit Registre national des brevets), élabore et approuve les règles de gestion des ceux-ci.

(4)

L’AGEPI et la Commission d’état représentent la République de Moldova dans l’Union internationale pour la protection des obtentions végétales (ensuite UPOV), ainsi que dans des autres organisations internationales et intergouvernementales pour la protection des variétés végétales, entretien avec elle des relations de coopération bilatérales et multilatérales.

(5)

La Commission d’état est l’organe qui effectue l’ essayage des variétés végétales dans ces centres d’essais, ces stations expérimentales, les institutions spécialisées et les laboratoires selon les méthodologies et les termes établissent, sur la base des standards internationaux, en vue de l’appréciation de leur conformité avec les conditions de brevetabilité, respectivement la distinction, l’uniformité et la stabilité, aussi effectue l’essayage des variétés en vue de l’appréciation de leurs valeurs agronomique. La Commission d’état tient le Registre des variétés végétales qui contient les variétés admises pour la production et commercialisation dans la République de Moldova.

CHAPITRE II

DROIT MATERIEL DES BREVETS

Section 1

Brevetabilité de la variété

Article 6. Conditions de brevetabilité de la variété

(1) Une variété est brevetable seulement si elle est:
a) distincte;
b) uniforme;
c) stable;

d) nouvelle.

(2) La variété doit être désignée par une dénomination, en conformité avec les prévisions de l’article 36.

Article 7. Distinction

(1)

La variété est considérée distincte si se distingue clairement au moins par un ou plusieurs caractères relevant, qui résultent d’un certain génotype ou d’une combinaison de génotypes, de toute autre variété notoirement connue à la date de l’enregistrement de la demande de brevet à l’AGEPI ou, selon le cas, à la date de la priorité revendiquée.

(2)

La distinction d’une variété est définie par des caractères qui peuvent être reconnus et décrit avec précision.

(3)

La variété est considérée notoire si, à la datedu dépôt de la demande: a) est protégée dans la République de Moldova ou dans un autre état et est inscrit dans un registre officiel des variétés protégées; b) est enregistrée dans le Registre des variétés végétales ou dans les registres et dans les catalogues similaires d’autres états;

c) existe une demande enregistrée pour l’octroi de la protection de la variété ou pour son inscription dans le registre des variétés végétales, à condition que la demande va conduire à l’octroie de la protection ou à l’inscription dans le registre;

d) existe une demande enregistrée dans un autre état pour l’octroie de la protection de la variété ou pour son inscription dans un registre des variétés, à condition que la demande conduit à l’octroie de la protection ou à l’inscription dans le registre.

Article 8. Uniformité

La variété est considérée uniforme si, prenant en considération les variations qui résultent de ces particularités de reproduction, les plantes de la variété restent suffisamment uniforme dans l’expression des caractères inclues dans l’examen de la distinction de la variété, ainsi que des autres caractères utilisés pour la description de la variété.

Article 9. Stabilité

La variété est considérée stable si après multiplications répétées ou à la fin de chaque cycle de multiplication, les caractères relevant pour l’etablissement de la distinction et tous autres caractères utilisés pour la description de la variété restent invariables.

Article 10. Nouveauté

(1) La variété est considérée nouvelle si, à la date du dépôt de la demande de brevet à l’AGEPI ou à la date de la priorité revendiquée, le matériel de multiplication ou récolté de la variété, n’a pas été vendu et n’a pas été mis à la disposition des tiers par l’améliorateur ou avec le consentement de celui-ci aux fins de l’exploitation de la variété:

a) sur le territoire de la République de Moldova – depuis plus d’un an avant la date du dépôt de la demande de brevet;

b) sur le territoire d’autres états – depuis plus de 4 ans avant la date du dépôt de la demande de brevet, ou dans le cas des arbres et des vignes – depuis plus de 6 ans avant la date du dépôt de la demande de brevet.

(2) On n’apporte pas atteinte à la nouveauté de la variété, dans le sens du point (1), si:

a) le matériel de la variété est mis à la disposition d’une autorité officielle dans le cadre des obligations légales ou à des tiers, sur la base du contrat ou dans tout autre rapport de droit, aux fins de production, de reproduction, de multiplication, de conditionnement ou de stockage, à condition que l’améliorateur ne perd pas son droit exclusif de mise à disposition du matériel de la variété et à condition que aucun autre mise à disposition de ceci aux fins commercial n’étant pas fait antérieurement, sauf le cas où le matériel de la variété a été utilisé dans un mode répété pour la production du hybride et si le matériel de hybride et le matériel récolté du hybride ont été commercialisé;

b) le matériel de la variété est mis à disposition par une compagnie ou une firme à une autre compagnie ou firme à laquelle est subordonnée ou si les deux compagnies ou firmes appartiennent entièrement à une troisième compagnie ou firme, à condition que cette variété ne soit pas mis antérieurement à disposition;

c) sont mis à disposition, sans faire référence à la variété, le matériel de la variété ou le matériel récolté de la variété obtenu des plantes cultivées au but expérimental ou au but de la création ou du découvert et développement d’une variété et qui ne sont pas utilisées au but d’une nouvelle reproduction ou multiplication;

d) le matériel de la variété est mis à disposition en vue de présentation de la variété par l’améliorateur dans une exposition officielle reconnue d’après la Convention sur les expositions internationales;

e) le matériel de la variété est mis à disposition dans un accord entre l’améliorateur et une autre personne, en vertu duquel l’améliorateur autorise la production du matériel de multiplication sous son contrôle.

Section 2
Droit de solliciter et d’obtenir un brevet
Article 11. Droit au brevet

(1) Le droit au brevet appartient à l’améliorateur ou à son successeur en droits.

(2)

Si la variété a été créeou découvert et développé en commun par deux ou plusieurs améliorateurs, le droit au brevet appartient en commun à ceux-ci ou à leurs successeurs en droits. Le mode d’exercice des droits sur une telle variété s’établit par un contrat écrit, conclut entre les améliorateurs. Cette disposition est appliquée aussi lorsque un ou plusieurs améliorateurs ont découvert la variété, et les autres améliorateurs l’ont développé.

(3) Le droit au brevet appartient aussi en commun à l’améliorateur et à tout (tous) personne

(s)

si l’améliorateur et la personne (les personnes) en cause ont déclaré par écrit qu’ils sont d’accord de détenir en commun ce droit.

(4)

Si le droit au brevet est détenu en commun par deux ou plusieurs personnes, selon le point (2) et (3), l’une ou plusieurs d’elles par une déclaration écrite, peuvent investir les autres personnes avec le droit au brevet en cause.

(5)

Si deux ou plusieurs personnes ont crée ou ont découvert la même variété indépendant l’une de l’autre, le droit au brevet appartient à la personne dont la demande de brevet a la plus vieille date du dépôt ou de priorité, si elle a été reconnue. Cette disposition s’applique seulement lorsque la première demande a été publiée conformément a l’article 44.

(6)

Dans les procédures effectués devans l’AGEPI, le demandeur est la personne en droit de détenir le droit au brevet.

Article 12. Variétés crées ou découvertes et développées par les employés

(1) Le droit au brevet pour une variété crée ou découverte et développée par l’améliorateur pendant l’exercice des attributions de service, pendant l’exécution d’un contrat de travail ou d’un contrat de recherche appartient au l’employeur, si le contrat entre l’améliorateur et l’employeur ne prévois autre chose, l’améliorateur ayant le droit à une rémunération équitable, établit par le contrat. Le quantum de la rémunération s’établit en rapport avec le profit réalisé dans le cadre de l’utilisation de la variété pendant la durée de la validité du brevet et avec la valeur de la variété et ne peut pas être plus bas que 15 pourcent du profit réalisée dans le cadre de l’exploitation de la variété, y compris les encaissements de la commercialisation des licences.

(2) La variété est considérée comme étant crée pendant l’exercice des attributions de service si à la création de celle-ci l’améliorateur:

a) a exercé les attributions conféré par la fonction détenu;

b) a exercé les attributions conféré dans un mode spécial au but de la création d’une nouvelle variété;

c) a utilisé les moyens matériaux ou financières mis à la disposition par le patron ou par la personne qui a commandé la création de la variété, ainsi que les connaissances et l’expérience obtenu pendant le service.

(3)

Lorsque l’employeur, dans un délai de 60 jours de la date quand il a été informé par l’améliorateur sur la création d’une nouvelle variété, ne dépose pas la demande de brevet, ne transmet pas à une autre personne le droit du dépôt de la demande et ne donne pas à l’améliorateur une disposition écrite sur la préservation sécrète de la variété crée, l’améliorateur a le droit de déposer la demande de brevet et d’obtenir le brevet sur son nom. Dans ce cas, l’employeur a le droit préférentiel à la licence non exclusive pour l’exploitation de la variété.

(4)

Lorsque l’employeur a obtenu un brevet pour la variété réalisé selon le point (1), l’employeur a le droit préférentiel à une licence non exclusive pour l’utilisation de la variété.

(5)

Lorsque les parties ne conviennent pas sur le quantum de la rémunération de l’employé ou sur le prix de la licence, ceux-ci sont établis par les instances judiciaires, en fonction de l’apporte du chaque partie à la variété crée et sur sa valeur commerciale.

(6)

La procédure de la création et d’exploitation des variétés par les employés est établit dans le Règlement sur les objets de propriété industrielle crées pendant l’exercice des attributions de service, approuvé par le Gouvernement.

Article 13. Droit de déposer une demande de brevet

(1)

Sont habilités à déposer une demande de brevet: a) les personnes physiques et morales avec le domicile ou le siège dans la République de Moldova; b) les personnes physiques et morales avec le domicile ou le siège sur le territoire d’un état membre des traités internationaux dans le domaine où la République de Moldova est partie;

c) les personnes physiques et morales de tout autre état, à condition que cet état accorde pour les variétés du même taxon botanique une protection équivalente à la protection accordée par la présente loi aux personnes physiques et morales avec le domicile ou le siège dans la République de Moldova.

(2)

Une demande de brevet peut être déposé en commun par deux ou plusieurs personnes qui satisfont les conditions prévues au point (1). Le refus d’un ou plusieurs améliorateurs d’obtenir un brevet ne produit pas des effets sur les autres en cas s’ils actionnent selon la présente loi.

Article 14. Demande de brevet déposée par une personne non habilitée

(1) Si avant l’octroie du brevet par AGEPI, par une décision judiciaire qui reste définitive, s’établit que la personne habilitée à obtenir un brevet selon l’article 11 point (1) est une autre que le demandeur, cette personne peut:

a) continuer, dans un délai de 3 mois à partir de la date à laquelle la décision mentionnéea resté définitive, la procédure sur la demande de brevet au lieu du demandeur, comme pour une demande propre;

b) si la demande de brevet a été retirée ou rejetée, de déposer dans un délai d’un mois à partir de la retraite ou du rejet de la demande, une nouvelle demande de brevet pour la même variété, avec préservation de la date du dépôt de la demande initiale;

c) de demander le rejet de la demande de brevet.

(2) La personne intéressée présente à l’AGEPI une copie de la décision judiciaire. La décision de l’instance judiciaire s’inscrit dans le Registre national des demandes et est publiée dans le BOPI.

Section 3
Effets de la protection par brevet
Article 15. Droits du titulaire de brevet

(1)

Le titulaire de brevet a le droit exclusif sur le brevet et sur la variété protégée par le brevet, qui consiste en droit d’exploiter la variété, le droit de disposer de brevet et de la variété, le droit d’interdir aux tiers d’effectuer sans son autorisation les suivants actions sur le matériel de la variété ou du matériel récolté de la variété protégée:

a) la production ou la reproduction (au but de la multiplication);
b) le conditionnement aux fins de la reproduction;
c) l’offre à la vente;
d) la vente ou toute autres formes de commercialisation;
e) l’exportation;
f) l’importation;
g) le stockage aux fins d’effectuer les actionnes mentionnées aux points a)-f).

(2)

Les prévisions du point (1) s’appliquent au matériel récolté de la variété protégée seulement si celui-ci a été obtenu par l’utilisation non-autorisé du matériel de la variété protégée, sauf si le titulaire a raisonnablement pu exercer son droit en relation avec le matériel de la variété.

(3)

Les prévisions du point (1) s’appliquent aussi aux produits obtenues directement à partir de matériel de la variété protégée si ces produits ont été obtenues par l’utilisation nonautorisé du matériel de la variété protégée et si le titulaire de brevet n’a pas eu la possibilité d’exercer son droit sur ce matériel.

(4) Les prévisions des points (1)-(3) s’appliquent aussi pour les variétés:
a) qui sont essentiellement dérivées d’une variété protégée lorsque la variété protégée n’est

pas elle-même essentiellement dérivée d’autre variété; b) qui ne se distinguent pas de la variété protégée conformément à l’article 7; c) la production desquels nécessite l’utilisation répétée de la variété protégée.

(5) Au sens du point (4)a), une variété est considérée essentiellement dérivée d’autre variété (ensuite nommé variété initiale) lorsque celle-ci:

a) est prédominant dérivée de la variété initiale ou d’une variété qui elle-même est prédominant dérivée de la variété initiale;

b) se distingue de la variété initiale conformément à l’article 7;

c) sauf les différences résultant de la dérivation, en essence est similaire avec la variété initiale dans l’expression des caractères qui résultent du génotype ou de la combinaison de génotypes de la variété initiale.

(6)

Si existe plusieurs titulaires de brevet, les rapports sur l’utilisation de la variété protégée s’établissent par un accord conclu entre eux. Si un tel accord n’existe pas, chacun titulaire est en droit d’utiliser intégralement la variétéà sa discrétion, d’intenter une action en justice sur la violation du droit sur le brevet contre toute personne qui utilise la variété sans l’autorisation des cotitulaires de brevet, mais n’a pas le droit de renoncer au brevet sans annoncer les cotitulaires, et aussi ne peut pas conclure des contrats de licence ou de cession sans leurs accord.

(7)

L’exercice des droits du titulaire de brevet ne peut violer aucune des dispositions des autorités publiques, adoptés pur des raisons de moralité et d’ordre public, de sécurité publique, de protection de la santé et de la vie des personnes, des animaux ou des plantes, de protection de l’environnement, de protection de la propriété industrielle ou commerciale ou en vue de protection de la concurrence, du commerce et de la production agricole.

Article 16. Limitation des droits du titulaire de brevet

Le droit du titulaire du brevet ne s’étend pas sur:

a) des actions effectués à des fins personnelles non commerciaux;

b) des actions effectués à des fins des recherches et des expérimentes scientifiques;

c) des actions effectués à des fins de la création ou de la découvert et développement des autres variétés et sur des actions sur ces autres variétés, conformément à l’article 15 points (1)(3), sauf les cas où s’appliquent les prévisions de l’article 15 point (4).

Article 17. Épuisement des droits du titulaire de brevet

Les droits du titulaire de brevet ne s’étend pas aux actions concernant le matériel de la variété protégée ou les variétés auxquels se référent les prévisions de l’article 15 point (4), qui ont été commercialisé par l’améliorateur ou avec l’autorisation de celui-ci, à condition que ces actions n’impliquent pas:

a) la multiplication ultérieure de la variété en cause, sauf si cette multiplication était prévue lors de la commercialisation du ce matériel;

b) l’exportation du matériel de la variété qui fait possible la multiplication de la variété dans un pays où on ne protège pas les variétés végétales de ce genre ou de cette espèce, sauf si le matériel exporté est destinéà la consommation.

Article 18. Utilisation de la dénomination variétale

(1)

Toute personne qui offre ou qui cède à des tiers, à des fins commerciales, le matériel d’une variété protégée ou d’une des variétés auxquelles se référent les prévisions de l’article 15 point (4) doit utilisée la dénomination variétale attribué conformément à l’article 36. Sous forme écrite la dénomination variétale doit être facilement reconnaissable et reproduisible.

(2)

Toute personne effectuant les actions mentionnées au point (1) pour tout matériel de la variété doit indiquer cette dénomination à la demande d’une autorité, d’un acheteur ou d’une toute autre personne ayant un intérêt légitime.

(3)

Les prévisions du point (1) et (2) continuent d’être applicables même après l’extinction de la protection par brevet.

Article 19. Limitation de l’utilisation de la dénomination variétale

(1)

Le titulaire de brevet ne peut pas utiliser le droit accordé sur la désignation identique avec la dénomination variétale protégée pour entraver la libre utilisation de cette dénomination en rapport avec la variété protégée, même après l’extinction de la protection par brevet.

(2)

Un tiers peut utiliser le droit accordé sur la désignation identique avec la denomination variétale protégée pour entraver la libre utilisation de cette dénomination, seulement si ce droit a été accordé avant à l’attribution de la dénomination conformément à l’article 36.

(3)

La dénomination attribuéà une variété brevetée dans la République de Moldova ou dans un autre état membre de l’UPOV, ainsi que toute autre dénomination avec laquelle la variété pourrait être confondue ne peut être utilisé sur le territoire de la République de Moldova en rapport avec une autre variété de la même espèce ou d’une espèce approprié ou pour le matériel de celle-ci.

Section 4
Durée et extinction de la protection
Article 20. Durée de la protection

(1)

La durée de la protection par brevet pour la variété végétale s’étend jusqu’aux 25 années, mais dans le cas des variétés de vigne, des pommes de terres et d’arbres – jusqu’aux 30 années, à partir de la date de la publication dans le BOPI de la mention sur l’octroi du brevet.

(2)

A la sollicitation du titulaire de brevet, la durée de la protection par brevet, est prolongée encore avec 5 années après l’expiration des délais mentionnés au point 1.

Article 21. Nullité du brevet

Le brevet peut être déclaré nul, si:

a) à la date de l’octroi du brevet, les conditions de l’article 7 ou de l’article10 n’étaient pas remplies;

b) l’octroi du brevet a été fondé sur les renseignements et les documents fournis par le demandeur et à la date de l’octroi du brevet les conditions de l’article 8 et de l’article 9 n’étaient pas remplies;

c) le brevet a été accordéà une personne qui n’y avait pas droit, sauf si ultérieurement le brevet a été transféréà la personne qui y a droit.

Article 22. Action en nullité

(1)

L’action en nullité du brevet peut être initiée tout le temps pendant la durée de la validité du brevet et ne peut être fondé que sur les motifs mentionnés à l’article 21.

(2)

Toute personne peut initier dans l’instance judiciaire l’action en nullité. Pour les cas prévues à l’article 21c), l’action peut être initié seulement par la personne habilitée d’être inscrit dans le Registre national des brevets en qualité de titulaire ou en commun pars des personnes habilitées d’être inscrits en qualité de cotitulaires conformément à l’article 11 point (2).

(3)

L’action en nullité du brevet peut être initiée même si les droits conférés par le brevet se sont éteints ou si on a renoncé au brevet.

(4)

La décision de la nullité du brevet est communiquée à l’AGEPI par la personne intéressée et est inscrit dans le Registre national des brevets. La mention sur la nullité du brevet est publiée dans le BOPI.

Article 23. Effets de la nullité

(1)

Lorsque le brevet est déclaré nul on considère qu’à partir de la date de l’octroi ceci n’a pas eu les effets de la protection prévue à l’article 15-19.

(2)

L’effet rétroactif de la nullité du brevet n’apporte pas atteinte: a) aux décisions sur les actionnes en violation des droits, reconnues comme définitives et irrévocables, qui ont entré en vigueur antérieurement à l’adoption de la décision de nullité;

b) aux contrats conclus antérieurement à l’adoption de la décision de nullité, en mesure dans laquelle ceux-ci ont été exécuté antérieurement à l’adoption de cette décision. Aux motifs d’équité peut être revendiqué le remboursement des sommes payés en vertu du contrat.

Article 24. Décheance des droits du titulaire de brevet

(1)

AGEPI déclare la déchéance des droits du titulaire de brevet avec effet in futurum s’il est établi que ne sont pas plus remplis les conditions de l’article 8 et 9. S’il est établi que ces conditions n’étaient déjà plus remplies à une date antérieure à celle de la déchéance, la déchéance peut avoir effet à compter de cette date.

(2)

AGEPI déclare la déchéance en droits du titulaire de brevet si le titulaire, dans le délai fixé par l’AGEPI: a) refuse de présenter à la demande de la Commission d’état l’information, les documents ou le matériel de la variété protégée, nécessaire pour l’essai de contrôle de cela; b) ne propose pas une autre dénomination de la variété, si la dénomination actuelle ne

satisfait plus les conditions de l’article 36;

c) n’acquitte pas les taxes pour la délivrance et le maintien du brevet;

d) le titulaire de brevet ou son successeur en droits ne remplit pas les conditions établis à

l’article 13 et 87.

(3)

La déchéance des droits du titulaire de brevet sur le motif du non paiement de la taxe annuelle ou après le cas de la taxe supplémentaire se considère ayant effet à partir de la date de l’expiration du délai établit pour le paiement de cette taxe.

(4)

AGEPI publie dans le BOPI la mentionne sur la déchéance des droits du titulaire de brevet.

Article 25. Renonciation au brevet

(1)

Le titulaire de brevet peut renoncer au brevet en déposant a ces fins une déclaration écrite à l’AGEPI, à condition du paiement de la taxe établit.

(2)

Si l’un des titulaires renonce au brevet, la validité du brevet ne s’éteint pas, le brevet reste dans la possession des autres cotitulaires.

(3)

La renonciation au brevet produit effet seulement après son inscription dans le Registre national des brevets, la mention de laquelle se publie dans le BOPI.

(4)

La renonciation au brevet est inscrit dans le Registre national des brevets seulement avec l’accord de la personne qui bénéficie d’un droit réel inscrit dans le registre.

(5)

Si le brevet a été l’objet d’un contrat de licence, inscrit dans le Registre national des brevets, la renonciation s’inscrit seulement si le titulaire de brevet apporte des preuves qu’il a informé le licencié sur son intention de renoncer au brevet. Dans ce cas, le licencié, dans un

délai de trois mois à partir de la date à laquelle le titulaire lui a communiqué en forme écrite son intention de renoncer au brevet, a le droit préférentiel d’obtenir le brevet sur son nom.

(6)

Le titulaire de brevet a l’obligation, s’il a déposé la demande écrite à l’AGEPI, de communiquer en adresse de l’améliorateur son intention de renoncer au brevet. Dans ce cas, l’améliorateur, dans un délai de trois mois à partir de la date à laquelle le titulaire lui a communiqué par écrit sa renonciation au brevet, a le droit préférentiel d’obtenir le brevet sur son nom.

Section 5
Demande de brevet et brevet comme objet de propriété
Article 26. Droits conférés par une demande de brevet après la publication

(1)

Une demande de brevet, dans la période compris entre sa publication et l’octroi du brevet, confère au demandeur avec le titre provisoire, les mêmes droits comme ceux conférés au titulaire par le brevet conformément à l’article 15.

(2)

La violation par des tiers des droits prévues au point (1) attire, pour la personne inculpée, l’obligation de dédommagement selon la loi, le titre pour le paiement des dédommagements étant exécutif après la délivrance du brevet. Le quantum des dédommagements s’établit par un accord entre les parties. Lorsque les parties n’ont pas convenu sur le quantum des dédommagements, ceci est établit par l’instance judiciaire.

(3)

Les effets d’une demande de brevet prévues au point (1) seront considérer nulles et inexistantes si la demande de brevet a été retirée ou rejetée.

Article 27. Transfert des droits

(1)

La demande de brevet et le brevet peuvent être transférés à l’un ou plusieurs successeurs en droits.

(2)

Le transfert d’une demande de brevet ou d’un brevet par cession peut être effectué seulement à un successeur en droits qui remplit les conditions stipulés à l’article 13 et à l’article

87. Cela doit être effectué en portant les signatures des parties de contrat, sauf si le transfert résulte d’une décision judiciaire ou d’un tout autre acte final d’une procédure judiciaire. En cas contraire, la cession est considérée nulle.

(3)

Sous la réserve des cas mentionnés à l’article 61, le transfert des droits n’affecte pas les droits acquis par des tiers avant la date du transfert.

(4)

Un transfert n’a d’effet à l’égard de l’AGEPI et n’est opposable aux tiers que sur production des preuves documentaires prévues et après l’inscription de ceux-ci dans le Registre national des demandes ou dans le Registre national des brevets.

Article 28. Droits réels

(1)

Un brevet peut, dans un mode indépendant, être gagé ou peut faire l’objet d’un autre droit réel.

(2)

Les droits prévus au point (1), à la demande d’une des parties, s’inscrivent dans le Registre national des brevets et se publient dans le BOPI.

Article 29. Licences contractuelles

(1)

La demande de brevet et le brevet peuvent être l’objet de contrats de licence. Ces licences peuvent être exclusives et non exclusives.

(2)

Le demandeur ou le titulaire de brevet peut invoqué les droits conférés par la demande de brevet ou par le brevet contre une personne qui détient la licence qui a violé l’une des conditions ou des limitations stipulées dans le contrat de licence selon le point (1).

Article 30. Copropriété

En cas de copropriété sur un brevet, les prévisions des articles 27 -29 s’appliquent mutatis mutandis aux parties des cotitulaires, si ces parties sont déterminées par le contrat.

Article 31. Licences obligatoires