112D.
- (1) The grants specified in section 1 and subsection (1) of section 2 of Part IV of the Tenth Schedule, and any substituted or additional grant made by virtue of this Clause, shall at the intervals mentioned in Clause (4) be reviewed at the Governments of the Federation and the State or State concerned, and if the agree on the alteration or abolition of any of those grants, or the making of another grant instead of or as well as those grants or any of them, the said Part IV and Clause (2) of Article 112C shall be modified by order of the Yang di- Pertaun Agong as may be necessary to give effect of the agreement:
- Provided that on the first review the grant specified in subsection (2) of section 1 of the said Part IV shall not be brought into question except for the purpose of fixing the amounts for the ensuing five years.
- (2) Any review under this Article shall take into account the financial position of the Federal Government, as well as the needs of the States or State concerned, but (subject to that) shall endeavour to ensure that the State revenue is adequate to meet the cost of State services as they exist at the time of the review, with such provision for their expansion as appears reasonable.
- (3) The period for which provision is to be made on a review shall be a period of five years or (except in the case of the first review) such longer period as may be agreed between the
- Federation and the States or State concerned: but any order under Clause (1) giving effect to the results of a review shall continue in force after the end of that period, except in so far as it is superseded by a further order under that Clause.
- (4) A review under this Article shall not take place earlier than is reasonably necessary to secure that effect can be given to the results of the review from the end of the year 1968 of, in the case of a second or subsequent review, from the end of the period provider for by the preceding review; but, subject to that, reviews shall be held as regards both the States of Sabah and Sarawak for periods beginning with the year 1969 and with the year 1974, and thereafter as regards either of them at such time (during or after the period provided for on the preceding review) as the Government of the Federation or of the State may require.
- (5) If on the occasion of any review under this Article the Government of the Federation give notice to the States or State concerned of their intension to vary any of the assignments of revenue under Part V of the Tenth Schedule (including any substituted or additional assignment made by virtue of this Clause), or vary Clause (4) of Article 112C, the review shall take the variation into account, and provision shall be made by order of the Yang di- Pertuan Agong so as to give effect to the variation from the beginning of the period provided for on the review:
- Provided that this Clause shall not apply to the assignments under section 4, 7 and 8, and shall not apply to that under section 5 or 6 until the second review.
- (6) If on any review the Federal Government and the Government of a State are unable to reach agreement on any matter, it shall be referred to an independent assessor, and his recommendations thereon shall be binding on the Governments concerned and shall be given effects as if they were the agreement of those governments.
- (7) Clause (4) of Article 108 shall not apply to require the Federal Government to consult the National Finance Council in respect of matters arising under this Article.
- (8) Any order of the Yang di- Pertuan Agong under this Article shall be laid before each House of Parliament.
Article number: 112e
112E. (Repealed)
PART VIII - ELECTIONS
Article number: 113
113.
- (1) There shall be an Election Commission, to be constituted in accordance with Article 114, which, subject to the provisions of federal law, shall conduct elections to the House of Representatives and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and prepare and revise electoral rolls for such elections.
- (2)
- (i) Subject to paragraph (ii), the Election Commission shall, from time to time, as they deem necessary, review the division of the Federation and the States into constituencies and recommend such changes therein as they may think necessary in order to comply with the provisions contained in the Thirteenth Schedule; and the reviews of the constituencies for the purpose of elections to the Legislative Assemblies shall be undertaken at the same time as the reviews of constituencies for the purpose of elections to the House of Representatives.
- (ii) There shall be an interval of not less than eight years between of the date of completion of one review, and the date of commencement of the next review, under this Clause.
- (iii) A review under paragraph (i) shall be completed within a period of not more than two years from the date of its commencement.
- (3) If the Election Commission are of opinion that in consequence of a law made under Article 2 it is necessary to undertake the reviews mentioned in Clause (2), they shall do so, whether or not eight years have elapsed since the last review under this Clause.
- (3A)
- (i) Where the number of elected members of the House of Representatives is altered in consequence of any amendment to Article 46, or the number of elected members of the Legislative Assembly of a State is altered in consequence of a law enacted by the Legislature of a State, the Election Commission shall undertake a review of the division into federal or State constituencies, as the case may be, of the area which is affected by the alteration, and such review shall be completed within a period of not more than two years from the date of the coming into force of the law making the alteration.
- (ii) A review on the paragraph (i) shall not affect the interval provided under paragraph
- (ii) of Clause (2) in respect of a review under paragraph (i) or that Clause.
- (iii) The provisions of the Thirteenth Schedule shall apply to a review under this Clause, but subject to such modifications as may be considered necessary by the Election Commission.
- (4) Federal or State law may authorise the Election Commission to conduct election other than those referred to in Clause (1).
- (5) So far as may be necessary for the purposes of its functions under this Article the Election Commission may make rules, but any such rules shall have effect subject to the provisions of federal law.
- (6) There shall be separate reviews under Clause (2) for the States of Malaya and for each of the States of Sabah and Sarawak, and for the purposes of this Part the expression "unit of review" shall mean, for federal constituencies, the area under review and, for State constituencies, the State and the expression "States of Malaya" shall include the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the Federal Territory of Labuan.
- (7) Subject to Clause (3), the period for the first reviews under Clause (2) for any unit of review shall be calculated from the first delimitation of constituencies for that unit under this Constitution or under the Malaysia Act.
- (8) Notwithstanding Clause (7) of this Article the period for reviews under Clause (2) for the unit of review of the States of Malaya undertaken after the passing of the Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1973 shall be calculated from the first delimitation of constituencies for that unit immediately following the passing of that Act.
- (9) The date of the commencement of a review under Clause (2) or Clause (3A), as the case may be, shall be the date of the publication in the Gazette of the notice referred to in section 4 of the Thirteenth Schedule.
- (10) The date of the completion of a review under Clause (2) or Clause (3A), as the case may be, shall be the date of the submission of the report to the Prime Minister under section 8 of the Thirteenth Schedule, and a notice of such date shall be published by the Election Commission in the Gazette.
Article number: 114
114.
- (1) The Election Commission shall be appointed by the Yang di- Pertuan Agong after consultation with the Conference of Rulers, and shall consist of a chairman, a deputy chairman and three other members.
- (2) In appointing members of the Election Commission the Yang di- Pertuan Agong shall have regard to the importance of securing an Election Commission which enjoys public confidence.
- (3) A member of the Election Commission shall cease to hold office on attaining the age of sixty-five years or on becoming disqualified under Clause (4) and may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Yang di- Pertuan Agong, but shall not be removed from office except on the like grounds and in the like manner as a judge of the Supreme Court.
- (4) Notwithstanding anything in Clause (3), the Yang di- Pertuan Agong shall by order remove from office any member of the Election Commission if such member-
- (a) is an undischarged bankrupt; or
- (b) engages in any paid office or employment outside the duties of his office; or
- (c) is a member of either House of Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State.
- (4A) In addition to any disqualification provided under Clause (4), the chairman of the Election Commission shall be disqualified from holding such office if after three months of his appointment to such office or at any time thereafter he is or becomes a member of any board of directors or board of management, or an officer or employee, or engages in the affairs or business, of any organization or body, whether corporate or otherwise or of any commercial, industrial or other undertaking, whether or not he receives any remuneration, reward, profit or benefit from it:
- Provided that such disqualification shall not apply where such organization or body carries out any welfare or voluntary work or objective beneficial to the community or any part thereof, or any other work or objective of a charitable or social nature, and the member does not receive any remuneration, reward, profit or benefit from it.
- (5) Parliament shall by law provide for the remuneration of members of the Election Commission, and the remuneration so provided shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.
- (5A) Subject to the provisions of this Article, Parliament may by law provide for the terms of office of members of the Election Commission other than their remuneration.
- (6) The remuneration and other terms of office of a member of the Election Commission shall not be altered to his disadvantage after his appointment.
- (7) Where, during any period, the chairman of the Election Commission has been granted leave of absence by the Yang di- Pertuan Agong or is unable, owing to his absence from the Federation, illness or any other cause, to discharge his functions, the deputy chairman shall discharge the functions of the chairman during that period, and if the deputy chairman is also absent or unable to discharge such functions, a member of the Election Commission may be appointed by the Yang di- Pertuan Agong to discharge the functions of the chairman during that period.
Article number: 115
115.
- (1) The Election Commission may employ such number of persons, on such terms and subject to such conditions, as the Commission may with the approval of the Yang di- Pertuan Agong determine.
- (2) All public authorities shall on the request of the Commission give the Commission such assistance in the discharge of its duties as may be practicable; and in exercising its functions of making recommendations for the delimitation of constituencies for the elections mentioned in article 113 (1) the Commission shall seek the advice of two officers of the Federal Government with special knowledge of the topography of, and the distribution of the population in, the unit of review for federal elections, and those offices shall be selected for that purpose by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
Article number: 116
116.
- (1) For the election of members to the House of Representatives a unit of review shall be divided into constituencies in accordance with the provisions contained in the Thirteenth Schedule.
- (2) The total number of constituencies shall be equal to the number of members, so that one member shall be elected for each constituency, and of that total in the States of Malaya a number determined in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 46 and the Thirteenth Schedule shall be allocated to each State.
- (3) (Repealed).
- (4) (Repealed).
- (5) (Repealed).
Article number: 117
117. For the election of members to the Legislative Assembly of a State the State shall be divided into as many constituencies as there are elected members, so that one member shall be elected for each constituency; and the division shall be made in accordance with the provisions contained in the Thirteenth Schedule.
Article number: 118
118. No election to the House of Representatives or to the Legislative Assembly of a State shall be called into question except by an election petition presented to the High Court having jurisdiction where the election was held.
Article number: 118a
118A. A petition complaining of no return to the House of Representatives shall be deemed to be an election petition and the High Court may make such order thereon as it may think fit for compelling a return to be made, but the failure to make a return within any period specified by Article 54 or 55 shall not be a ground for declaring that a member has not been duly elected.
Article number: 119
119.
● (1) Every citizen who-
- (a) has attained the age of twenty- one years on the qualifying date; and
- (b) is resident in a constituency on such qualifying date or, if not so resident, is an absent voter,
is entitled to vote in that constituency in any election to the House of Representatives or the Legislative Assembly unless he is disqualified under Clause (3) or under any law relating to offences committed in connection with elections; but no person shall in the same election vote in more than one constituency.
- (2) If a person is in a constituency by reason only of being a patient in an establishment maintained wholly or mainly for the reception and treatment of persons suffering from mental illness or mental defectiveness or of being detained in custody he shall for the purpose of Clause
- (1) be deemed not to be resident in that constituency.
- (3) A person is disqualified for being a elector in any election to the House of Representatives or the Legislative Assembly if-
- (a) on the qualifying date he is detained as a person of unsound mind or is serving a sentence of imprisonment; or
- (b) having before the qualifying date been convicted in any part of the Commonwealth of an offence and sentenced to death or imprisonment for a term exceeding twelve months, he remains liable on the qualifying date to suffer any punishment for that offence.
- (4) In this Article "qualifying date" means the date by reference to which the electoral rolls are prepared or revised, and "absent voter" means in relation to any constituency any citizen who is registered as an absent voter in respect of that constituency under the provisions of any law relating to elections.
Article number: 120
120. Where in accordance with Article 45 (4) provision is made by Parliament for the election of Senators by the direct vote of electors-
- (a) the whole of a State shall form a single constituency and each elector shall have as many votes at any election to the Senate as there are seats to be filled in that election; and
- (b) the electoral rolls for elections to the House of Representatives shall also be the electoral rolls for election to the Senate; and
- (c) Articles 118, 118A and 119 shall apply in relation to elections to the Senate as they apply in relation to elections to the House of Representatives.
PART IX - THE JUDICIARY
Article number: 121
121.
- (1) Subject to Clause (2) the judicial power of the Federation shall be vested into High Courts of co- ordinate jurisdiction and status, namely-
- (a) one of the States of Malaya, which shall be known as the High Court in Malaya and shall have its principle registry in Kuala Lumpur; and
- (b) one in the States of Sabah and Sarawak, which shall be known as the High Court in Borneo and shall have its principle registry at such place in the States of Sabah and Sarawak as the Yang di- Pertaun Agong may determine;
- ❍ (c) (Repealed); and in such inferior courts as may be provided by federal law.
- (2) The following jurisdiction shall be vested in a court which shall be known as the Mahkamah Agung (Supreme Court) and shall have its principle registry in Kuala Lumpur, that is to say-
- (a) exclusive jurisdiction to determine appeals from decisions of a High Court or a judge thereof (except decision of a High Court given by a registrar or other officer of the court and appealable under federal law to a judge of the Court);
- (b) such original or consultative jurisdiction as is specified in Articles 128 and 130; and
- (c) such other jurisdiction as may be conferred by or under federal law. ❍
- (3) Subject to any limitations imposed by or under federal law, any order, decree, judgement or
- process of the courts referred to in Clause (1) or of any judge thereof shall (so far as its nature permits) have full force and effect according to its tenor throughout the Federation, and may be executed or enforced in any part of the Federation accordingly; and federal law may provide for courts in one part of the Federation or their officers to act in aid of courts in another part.
- (4) In determining where the principal registry of the High Court in Borneo is to be, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall act on the advice of the Prime Minister, who shall consult the Chief Ministers of the States of Sabah and Sarawak and the Chief Justice of the High Court.
Article number: 122
122.
- (1) The Supreme Court shall consist of a president of the Court (to be styled "the Lord President of the Supreme Court"), of the Chief Justices of the High Courts and, until the Yang di- Pertuan Agong by order otherwise provides, of four other judges and such additional judges as may be appointed pursuant to Clause (1A).
- (1A) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution contained, the Yang di- Pertuan Agong acting on the advice of the Lord President of the Supreme Court may appoint for such purposes or for such period as he may specified any person who has held high judicial office in Malaysia to be an additional judge of the Supreme Court:
- Provided that no such additional judge shall be ineligible to hold office by reason of having attained the age of sixty- five years.
- (2) A judge of High Court other than the Chief Justice may sit as a judge of the Supreme Court where the Lord President considers that the interests of justice so require, and the judge shall be nominated for the purpose (as occasion requires) by the Lord President.
Article number: 122a
122A.
- (1) Each of the High Courts shall consist of a Chief Judge and not less than four other judges; but the number of other judges shall not, until the Yang di- Pertuan Agong by order otherwise provides, exceed-
- (a) in the High Court in Malaya, twelve; and
- (b) in the High Court in Borneo, eight.
- (c) (Repealed).
- (2) Any person qualified for appointment as a judge of High Court may sit as a judge of that court, if designated for the purpose (as occasion requires) in accordance with Article 122B.
- (3) For the dispatch of business of the High Court in Borneo in an area in which a judge of the court is not the time being available to attend to business of the court, the Yang di- Pertuan Agong acting on the advice of the Lord President of the Supreme Court, or for an area in either State the Yang di- Pertua Negeri of the State acting on the advice of the Chief Justice of the court, may by order appoint to be judicial commissioner in that area for such period or for such purposes as may be specified in the order an advocate or person professionally qualified to be admitted an advocate of the court.
- (4) Subject to any limitations or conditions imposed by the order appointing him, a judicial commissioner shall have power, in the area for which he is appointed, to perform such functions of a judge of the High Court in Borneo as appear to him to require to be performed without delay; and anything done by a judicial commissioner when acting in accordance with his appointment shall have the same validity and effect as if done by a judge of that court, and in respect thereof he shall have the same powers and enjoy the same immunities as if he had been a judge of that court.
- (5) For the dispatch of business of the High Court in Malaya; the Yang di- Pertuan Agong acting on the advice of the Lord President of the Supreme Court, may by order appoint to be judicial commissioner for such period or such purposes as may be specified in the order any person qualified for appointment as a judge of High Court; and the person so appointed shall have power to perform such functions of a judge of the High Court in Malaya as appear to him to require to be performed; and anything done by him when acting in accordance with his appointment shall have the same validity and effect as if done by a judge of that court, and in respect thereof he shall have the same powers and enjoy the same immunities as if he had been a judge of that court.
Article number: 122b
122B.
- (1) The Lord President of the Supreme Court, and chief justices of the High Courts and (subject to Article 122C) the other judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Court shall be appointed
- by the Yang di- Pertuan Agong, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister, after consulting the Conference of Rulers.
- (2) Before tendering his advice as to the appointment under Clause (1) of a judge other than the Lord President of the Supreme Court, the Prime Minister shall consult the Lord President.
- (3) Before tendering his advice as to the appointment under Clause (1) of the Chief Justice of a High Court, the Prime Minister shall consult the Chief Justice of each of the High Courts and, if the appointment is to the High Court in Borneo, the Chief Minister of each of the States of Sabah and Sarawak.
- (4) Before tendering his advice as to the appointment under Clause (1) of a judge other than the Lord President or a Chief Justice, the Prime Minister shall consult, if the appointment is to the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of each of the High Courts and, if the appointment is to one of the High Courts, the Chief Justice of that court.
- (5) This Article shall apply to the designation of a person to sit as judge of a High Court under Article 122A (2) as it applies to the appointment of a judge of the court other than the Chief Justice.
- (6) Notwithstanding the dates of their respective appointments as judges of the Supreme Courts or of the High Courts, the Yang di- Pertuan Agong, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister given after consulting the Lord President, may determine the order of precedence of the judges among themselves.
Article number: 122c
122C. Article 122B shall not apply to the transfer to a High Court, otherwise than as Chief Justice of a judge of another High Court other than the Chief Justice; and such a transfer may be made by the Yang di- Pertaun Agong, on the recommendation of the Lord President of the Supreme Court, after consulting the Chief Justices of the two High Courts.
Article number: 123
123. A person is qualified for appointment under Article 122B as a judge of the Supreme Court or as a judge of any of the High Courts if-
- (a) he is a citizen, and
- (b) for the ten years preceding his appointment he has been an advocate of those courts or any of them or a member of the judicial and legal service of the Federation or of the legal service of a State, or sometimes one and sometimes another.
Article number: 124
124.
- (1) The Lord President of the Supreme Court shall before exercising the functions of his office take and subscribe the oath of office and allegiance set out in the Sixth Schedule, and shall do so in the presence of the Yang di- Pertuan Agong.
- (2) A judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, other than the Lord President of the Supreme Court, shall before exercising the functions of a judge take and subscribe that oath in relation to his judicial duties in whatever office, and, having done so, shall not be required to take that oath again on appointment or transfer to another judicial office, not being that of Lord President.
- (3) A person taking the oath on becoming Chief Justice of a High Court shall do so in the presence of the senior judge available of that High Court, unless he takes it in accordance with Clause (4) as a judge of the Supreme Court.
- (4) Subject to Clause (3), a person taking the oath on becoming a judge of the Supreme Court shall do so in the presence of the Lord President or, in his absence, the next senior judge available of the Supreme Court.
- (5) A person taking the oath on becoming a judge of a High Court (but not Chief Justice) shall do so in the presence of the Chief Justice of that Court or, in his absence, the next senior judge available of that Court.
Article number: 125
125.
- (1) Subject to the provisions of Clauses (2) to (5), a judge of the Supreme Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty- five years or such later time, not being later than six months after he attains that age, as the Yang di- Pertaun Agong may approve.
- (2) A judge of the Supreme Court may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Yang di- Pertaun Agong but shall not be removed from office except in accordance with the following provisions of this Article.
- (3) If the Prime Minister, or the Lord President after consulting the Prime Minister, represents to the Yang di- Pertuan Agong that a judge of the Supreme Court oath to be removed on the ground of misbehaviour or of inability, from infirmity of body or mind or of any cause, properly to discharge the functions of his office, the Yang di- Pertaun Agong shall appoint a tribunal in accordance with Clause (4) and refer the representation to it; and may on the recommendation of the tribunal remove the judge from office.
- (4) The said tribunal shall consist of not less than five persons who hold or have held office as judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court or, if it appears to the Yang di- Pertaun Agong expedient to make such appointment, persons who hold or have held equivalent office in any other part of the Common Wealth and shall be presided over by the member first in the following order, namely, the Lord President of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justices according to their precedence among themselves, and other members according to the order of their appointment to an office qualifying them for membership (the older coming before the younger of two members with appointments of the same date.
- (5) Pending any reference and report under Clause (3) the Yang di- Pertaun Agong may on the recommendation of the Prime Minister and, in case of any other judge after consulting the Lord President, suspend a judge of the Supreme Court from the exercise of his functions.
- (6) Parliament shall by law provide for the enumeration so provided shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.
- (6A) Subject to the provisions of this Article, Parliament may by law provide for the terms of office of the judges of the Supreme Court other than their enumeration.
- (7) The enumeration and other terms of office (including pension rights) of a judge of the Supreme Court shall not be altered to his disadvantage after this appointment.
- (8) Notwithstanding Clause (1) the validity of anything done by a judge of the Supreme Court shall not be questioned on the ground that he has attained the age at which he was required to retire.
- (9) This Article shall apply to a judge of a High Court as it applies to a judge of a Supreme Court, except that the Yang di- Pertaun Agong before suspending under Clause (5) a judge of a High Court other than the Chief Justice shall consult the Chief Justice of that Court instead of the Lord President of the Supreme Court.
● (10) (Repealed).
Article number: 125a
125A.
- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution, it is hereby declared that-
- (a) The Lord President of the Federal Court and a judge of the Supreme Court may exercise all or any of the powers of the judge of a High Court; and
- (b) A judge of the High Court in Malaya may exercise all or any of the powers of a judge of the High Court in Borneo, and visa versa.
- (2) The provisions of this Article shall be deemed to have been an integral part of this Constitution as from Malaysia Day.
Article number: 126
126. The Supreme Court or a High Court shall have power to punish any contempt of itself.
Article number: 127
The conduct of a judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court shall not be discussed in either House of Parliament except on a substantive motion of which notice has been given by no less than one quarter of differences in the system of land tenure) in the same manner as they apply to other States.
Article number: 128
128.
- (1) The Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have jurisdiction to determine in accordance with any rules of court regulating the exercise of such jurisdiction -
- (a) any question whether a law made by Parliament or by the Legislature of a State is invalid on the ground that it makes provision with respect to a matter with respect to a matter with respect to which Parliament or, as the case may be, the Legislature of the State has no power to make laws; and
- (b) disputes on any other question between States or between the Federation and any State.
- (2) Without prejudice to any appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, where in any proceedings before another court a question arises as to the effect of any provision of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction (subject to any rules of court regulating the exercise of that jurisdiction) to determine the question and remit the case to the other court to be disposed of in accordance with the determination.
- (3) The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to determine appeals from a High Court or a judge thereof shall be such as may be provided by federal law.
Article number: 129
129. (Repealed)
Article number: 130
130. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may refer to the Supreme Court for its opinion any question as to the effect of any provision of the Constitution which has arisen or appears to him likely to arise, and the Supreme Court shall pronounce in open court its opinion on any question so referred to it.
Article number: 131
131. (Repealed).
Article number: 131a
131A.
- (1) Any provision made by federal law for the functions of the Lord President of the Supreme Court to be performed, in the event of a vacancy in the office or of his inability to act, by another judge of the Supreme Court may extend to his functions under this Constitution.
- (2) Any provision made by federal law for the functions of the Chief Justice of a High Court to be performed, in the event of a vacancy in the office or of his inability to act, by another judge of that court may extend to his functions under this Constitution other than functions as judge of the Supreme Court.
PART X - PUBLIC SERVICES
Article number: 132
132.
- (1) For the purposes of this Constitution, the public services are -
- (a) the armed forces;
- (b) the judicial and legal service;
- (c) the general public service of the Federation;
- (d) the police force;
- (e) the railway service;
- (f) the joint public services mentioned in Article 133;
- (g) the public service of each State; and
- (h) the education service.
- (2) Except as otehrwise expressly provided by this Constitution, the qualifications for
- appointment and conditions of service of persons in the public services other than those mentioned in paragraph (g) of Clause (1) may bge regulated by federal law and, subject to the provisions of any such law, by Yang di-Pertuan Agong; and the qualifications for appointment and conditions of service of persons in the public service of any State may be regulated by State law and, subject to the provisions of any such law, by the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of that State.
- (2A) Except as expressly provided by this Constitution, every person who is a member of any of the services mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (h) of Clause (1) holds office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and, except as expressly provided by the Constitution of the State, every person who is a member of the public service of a State holds office during the pleasure of the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri.
- (3) The public service shall not be taken to comprise -
- (a) the office of any member of the administration in the Federation or a State; or
- (b) the office of President, Speaker, Deputy President, Deputy Speaker or member of either House of Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State; or
- (c) the office of judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court; or
- (d) the office of member of any Commission or Council established by this Constitution or any corresponding Commission or Council established by the Constitution of a State; or
- (e) such diplomatic posts as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may by order prescribe, being post which but for the order would be posts in the general public service of the Federation.
- (4) References in this Part, except in Articles 136 and 147 to persons in the public service or to members of any of the public services shall not apply to:
- (a) the Clerk to either House of Parliament or any member of the Staff of Parliament; or
- (b) the Attorney General or, if provisions for the manner of his appointment and removal from office is specifically included in the Constitution of the State, or if he is appointed otherwise than from among the members of the judicial and legal service or of the public service of the State, the legal adviser of any State; or
- (c) a member of the personal staff of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or of a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri; or
- (d) in the case of Malacca and Penang, if provision os made by State law for their
appointment -
- (i) the President of the Religious Affairs Department;
- (ii) the Secretary of the Religious Affairs Department;
- (iii) the Mufti;
- (iv) the Kadi Besar; or
- (v) a Kadi.
Article number: 133
133.
- (1) Joint services, common to the Federation and one more of the States or, at the request of the States concerned, to two or more States, may be established by federal law.
- (2) Where a member of any of the public services is employed:
- (a) partly for federal purposes and partly for State purposes; or
- (b) for the purposes of two or more States;
the proportion, if any, of his renumeration payable by the Federation and the State or States concerned or, as the case may be, by each of the States concerned, shall, subject to federal law, be determined by agreement or, in default of agreement, by the Commission whose jurisdiction extends to him.
Article number: 134
134.
- (1) The Federation may, at the request of a State, second any member of any of the services mentioned in paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d) or (f) of Clause (1) of Article 132 to the service of that State; and a State may at the request of the Federation or of another State second any member of
- its own public service to the service of the Federation or, as the case may be, of that other State.
- (2) A person seconded under this Article shall remain a member of the service to which he belongs, but his renumeration shall be paid by the State to whose service he is seconded or, if he is seconded to the service of the Federation, by the Federation.
Article number: 135
135.
● (1) No member of any of the services mentioned in paragraphs (b) to (h) of Clause (1) of Article 132 shall be dismissed or reduced in rank by an authority subordinate to that which, at the time of the dismissal or reduction, has power to appoint a member of that service of equal rank;
Provided that in its application to members of the services mentioned in paragraphs (g) of Clause
(1) of Article 132 this Clause shall not apply to any law which the legislature of any State, other than Penang and Malacca, may make to provide that all powers and functions of a Public Service Commission of such State, other than the power of first appointment to the permanent or pensionable establishment, be exercised by a Board appointed by the Ruler of such State:
And provided further that this Clause shall not apply to a case where a member of any of the services mentioned in this Clause is dismissed or reduced in rank by an authority in pursuance of a power delegated to it by a Commission to which this Part applies, and this proviso shall be deemed to have been an integral part of this Clause as from Merdeka Day.
- (2) No member of such a service as aforesaid shall be dismissed or reduced in rank without being given a reasonable opportunity of being heard:
- Provided that this Clause shall not apply to the following cases -
- (a) where a member of such a service is dismissed or reduced in rank on the ground of conduct in respect of which a criminal charge has been proved against him; or
- (b) where the authority empowered to dismiss or reduce in rank a member of such a service is satisfied that for some reason, to be recorded by that authority in writing, it is not reasonably practicable to carry out the requirements of this Clause: or
- (c) where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or, in the case of a member of the public service of a State, the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of that State, is satisfied that in the interests of the security of the Federation or any part thereof it is not expedient to carry out the requirements of this Clause;
- or
- (d) where there has been made against a member of such a service any order of detention, supervision, restricted residence, banishment or deportation, or where there has been imposed on such a member any form of restriction or supervision by bond or otherwise, under any law relating to the security of the Federation or any part thereof, prevention of crime, preventive detention, restricted residence, banishment, immigration, or protection of women and girls:
- Provided further that for the purpose of this Article, where the service of a member of such a service is terminated in the public interest under any law for the time being in force or under any regulation made by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong under Article 132 (2), such termination of service shall not constitute dismissal whether or not the decision to terminate the service is connected with the misconduct of or unsatisfactory performance of duty by such member in relation to his office or the consequences of the termination involved an element of punishment; and this proviso shall be deemed to have been an integral part of this Article as form Merdeka Day.
- (3) No member of any of the services mentioned in paragraph (c), (f) or (g) of Clause (1) of Article 132 shall, without the concurrence of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, be dismissed or reduced in rank or suffer any other disciplinary measure for anything done or omitted by him in the exercise of a judicial function conferred on him by law.
Article number: 136
136. All persons of whatever race in the same grade in the service of the Federation shall, subject to the terms and conditions of thier employment, be treated impartially.
Article number: 137
137.
- (1) There shall be an Armed Forces Council, which shall be responsible under the general authority of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for the command, disciplne and administration of, and all other matters relating to, the armed forces, other than matters relating to their operatonial use.
- (2) Clause (1) has effect subject to the provisions od any federal law, and any such law may provide for the vesting in the Armed Forces Council of any functions with respect to the armed forces.
- (3) The Armed Forces Council shall consist of the following members, that is to say -
- (a) the Minister for the time being charged with responsibility for defence, who shall be Chairman;
- (b) one member representing Their Royal Highnesses, who shall be appointed by the Conference of Rulers;
- (c) the Chief of the Armed Forces Staff who shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
- (d) a civilian member, being the person performing the duties of the office of Secretary general for Defence, who shall act as Secretary to the Council;
- (e) two senior staff officers of the Federation Armed Forces, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
- (f) a senior officer of the Federation Navy, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
- (g) a senior officer for the Federation Air Force, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
- (h) two, if any, additional members, whether military or civilian, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- (4) The Armed Forces Council may act notwithstanding a vacancy in its membership and may, subject to this Constitution and to federal law, provide for all or any of the following matters:
- (a) the organization of its work and the manner in which its functions are to be performed, and the keeping of records and minutes;
- (b) the duties and responsibilities of the several members of the Council, including the delegation to any member of the Council of any of its powers or duties;
- (c) the consultation by the Council with persons other than its members;
- (d) the procedure to be followed by the Council in conducting its business (including the fixing of a quorum), the appointment, at its option, of a vice-chairman from among its members, and the functions of the vice-chairman;
- (e) any other matters for which the Council considers it necessary or expedient to provide for the better performance of its functions.
Article number: 138
138.
- (1) There shall be a Judicial and Legal Service Commission, whose jurisdiction shall extend to all members of the judicial, and legal service.
- (2) The Judicial and Legal Service Commission shall consist of -
- (a) the Chairman of the Public Services Commission, who shall be Chairman;
- (b) the Attorney General or, if the Attorney General is a member of Parliament or is appointed otherwise than from among members of the Judicial and Legal Service, the Solicitor General; and
- (c) one or more other members who shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, after consultation with the Lord President of the Supreme Court, from among persons who are or have been or are qualified to be a judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court or shall before Malaysia Day have been a of the Supreme Court or a High Court or shall before Malaysia Day have been a judge of the Supreme Court.
- (3) The person who is secretary to the Public Services Commission shall be secretary also to the Judicial and Legal Service Commission.
Article number: 139
139.
- (1) There shall be a Public Services Commission, whose jurisdiction shall, subject to Article 144, extend to all persons who are members of the services mentioned in paragraphs (c), (e) and (f) of Clause (1) of Article 132, other than the Auditor General, to members of the public services of the State of Malacca and the State of Penang, and, to the extent provided by Clause (2), to members of the public service of any other State.
- (1A) The jurisdiction of the Public Services Commission shall extend to -
- (a) members of the general public service of the Federation who are employed in a federal
- department in the State of Sabah or Sarawak;
- (b) members of the public service of the State of Sabah or Sarawak who are seconded to the general public service of the Federation; and
- (c) members of the public service of the State of Sabah or Sarawak serving in federal posts or in any posts which have become federal posts in that State and who have exercised the option to be members of the general public service of the Federation.
- (2) The legislature of any State other than Malacca and Penang may by law extend the jurisdiction of the Public Services Commission to all or any persons in the public service of that State, but no such law shall take effect earlier than twelve months from the date of its passing; and if at any time there is not, in any such State in which no such law is in force, established and exercising its functions a State Public Service such authority as may be provided in that law, and in that event, if the authority is other than the Commission, the disciplinary control exercisable by such authority shall not be exercised by the Commission; and no provision of such law shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Part.
- (2) Federal law may provide for the exercise of other functions by the Police Force Commission.
- (3) The Police Force Commission shall consist of the following members, that is to say:
- (a) the Minister for the time being charged with responsibility for the police, who shall be Chairman;
- (b) the officer of police in general command of the police force;
- (c) the person performing the duties of the office of Secretary General to the Ministry under the Minister for the time being charged with responsibility for the police;
- (d) a member of the Public Services Commission appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
- (e) not less than two nor more than six other members, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- (4) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may designate as special posts the posts of Inspector-General of Police, Deputy Inspector-General of Police and any other posts in the police force which in his opinion are of similar or superior status; and the appointment to any post so designated shall not be made in accordance with Clause (1) but shall be made by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the recommendation of the Police Force Commission.
- (5) Before acting in accordance with Clause (4) on the recommendation of the Police Force Commission, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall consider the advice of Commission, the jurisdiction of the Public Services Commission shall, if federal law so provides, extend to all members of the public service of that State.
- (3) Any extension of the jurisdiction of the Public Service Commission made by the legislature of any State pursuant to Clause (2) may be revoked or modified by a law passed by the legislature of such State.
- (4) The Public Services Commission shall consist of the following members appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in his discretion but after considering the advice of the Prime Minister and after consultation with the Conference of Rulers, that is to say, a chairman, a deputy chairman and not less than four nor more than thirty other members.
- (5) Either the chairman or the deputy chairman shall be, and both may be, appointed from among persons who are, or have at any time within the period of five years immediately preceding the date of their first appointment been, members of any of the public services.
- (6) A member of any of the public services appointed to be chairman or deputy chairman shall not be eligible for any further appointment in the service of the Federation other than as a member of a Commission to which this Part applies.
Article number: 140
140.
- (1) There shall be a Police Force Commission whose jurisdiction shall extend to all persons who are members of the police force and which, subject to the provisions of any existing law, shall be responsible for the appointment, confirmation, emplacement on the permanent or pensionable establishment, promotion, transfer and exercise of disciplinary control over members of the police force:
- Provided that Parliament may by law provide for the exercise of such disciplinary control over all or any of the members of the police force in such manner and by the Prime Minister, and may once refer the recommendation back to the Commission in order that it may be reconsidered.
- (6) The Police Force Commission may provide for all or any of the following matters:
- (a) the organisation of its work and the manner in which its functions are to be performed, and the keeping of records and minutes;
- (b) the duties and responsibilities of the several members of the Commission, including the delegation to any member of the Commission or the police force or board of officers of such force or a committee consisting of members of the Commission and of the force of its powers or duties;
- (c) the consultation by the Commission with persons other than its members;
- (d) the procedure to be followed by the Commission in conducting its business (including the fixing of a quorum), the appointment, at its option, of a vice-chairman from among its members, and the functions of the vice-chairman;
- (e) any other matters for which the Commission considers it necessary or expedient to provide for the better performance of its functions.
- (7) In this Article "transfer" does not include transfer without change of rank within the police force.
Article number: 141
141. (Repealed).
Article number: 141a
141A.
- (1) There shall be an Education Service Commission, whose jurisdiction shall, subject to Article 144, extend to all persons who are members of the service mentioned in paragraph (h) of Clause
- (1) of Article 132).
- (2) The Education Service Commission shall consist of the following members appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in his discretion but after considering the advice of the Prime Minister and after consultation with the Conference of Rulers, that is to say, a Chairman, a Deputy Chairman and not less than four but not more than eight other members.
- (3) A member of any of the public services appointed to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman shall not be eligible for any further appointment in the service of the Federation other than as a
member of a Commission to which this Part applies.
Article number: 142
142.
- (1) Subject to paragraph (a) of Clause (3) of Article 140, a member of either House of Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State shall not be appointed to be a member of a Commission to which this Part applies.
- (2) Subject to Clause (3), a person shall not be appointed to be a member of any of the Commissions to which this Part applies if he is, and shall be removed by order of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong if he becomes -
- (a) a member of any of the public services;
- (b) an officer or employee of any local authority, or of any body, whether corporate or otherwise, or of any body or authority established by law for public purposes;
- (c) a member of a trade union or of a body or association affiliated to a trade union.
- (2A) In addition to any disqualification provided under Clause (2), the chairman of any of the Commissions to which this Part applies shall be disqualified from holding such office if after three months of his appointment to such office or at any time thereafter he is or becomes a member of any board of directors or board of management, or an officer or employee, or engages in the affairs or business, of any organisation or body, whether corporate or otherwise, or of any commercial, industrial or other undertaking, whether or not be receives any remuneration, reward, profit or benefit from it:
- Provided that such disqualification shall not apply where such organisation or body carries out any welfare or voluntary work or objective beneficial to the community or any part thereof, or any other work or objective of a charitable or social nature, and the member does not receive any remuneration, reward, profit or benefit from it.
- (3) Clause (2) does not apply to ex officio members; and a member of any of the public services may be appointed to be and remain chairman or deputy chairman and, if he is on leave prior to retirement, he may be appointed to be another member, of any of the said Commissions.
- (3A) Where, during any period, the chairman of any of the said Commissions has been granted leave of absence by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or is unable owing to his absence from the
- Federation, illness or any other cause, to discharge his functions, the deputy chairman of that Commission shall discharge the functions of the chairman during that period, and if the deputy chairman is also absent or unable to discharge such functions, a member of the Commission may be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to discharge the functions of the chairman during that period.
- (4) Where, during any period, a member of any of the said Commissions has been granted leave of absence by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or is unable, owing to his absence from the Federation, illness or any other cause, to discharge his functions as a member, then -
- (a) if he is an appointed member, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may appoint to exercise his functions during that period any person who would be qualified to be appointed in his place, and the appointment of such a person shall be made in the same manner as that of the member whose functions he is to exercise;
- (b) if he is an ex officio member, any person authorised under federal law to perform the functions of his office may during that period perform also his functions as a member of the Commission.
- (5) A Commission to which this Part applies may act notwithstanding a vacancy in its membership, and no proceedings of such a Commission shall be invalidated by reason only that some person not entitled thereto has taken part in them.
- (6) Before exercising his functions as a member of any of the said Commissions or under Clause
(4) any person other than an ex officio member shall take and subscribe before a judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court the oath of office and allegiance set out in the Sixth Schedule.
Article number: 143
143.
- (1) Save as provided under Clause (2) of Article 142, a member of a Commission to which this Part applies, other than an ex officio member -
- (a) shall be appointed for a term of five years or, if the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, acting in his discretion but after considering the advice of the Prime Minister, in a particular case so determines, for such shorter term as he may so determine;
- (b) may, unless disqualified, be re-appointed from time to time; and
- (c) may at any time resign his office but shall not be removed from office except on the like grounds and in the like manner as a judge of the Supreme Court.
- (2) Parliament shall be law provide for the remuneration of any member of the said Commission other than a member for whose remuneration as holder of any other office provision is made by federal law; and the remuneration so provided shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.
- (3) The remuneration and other terms of office of a member of a Commission to which this Part applies shall not be altered to his disadvantage after his appointment.
Article number: 144
144.
- (1) Subject to the provisions of any existing law and to the provisions of this Constitution, it shall be the duty of a Commission to which this Part applies to appoint, confirm, emplace on the permanent or pensionable establishment, promote, transfer and exercise disciplinary control over members of the service or services to which its jurisdiction extends.
- (2) Federal law may provide for the exercise of other functions by any such Commission.
- (3) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may designate as special posts any post held by the head or deputy head of a department or by an officer who in his opinion is of similar status and the appointment to any post so designated shall not be made in accordance with Clause (1) but shall be made by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the recommendation of the Commission whose jurisdiction extends to the service in which the post is held.
- (4) The Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of a State may designate as special posts any posts in the public service of his State held by the head or deputy head of a department or by an officer who in his opinion is of similar status: and the appointment to any post so designated shall not be made in accordance with Clause (1) but shall be made by the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri on the recommendation of the Public Services Commission (or, if there is in the State a State Public Service Commission, on the recommendation of that Commission).
- (5) Before acting, in accordance with Clause (3) or (4), on the recommendation of the Commission therein mentioned -
- (a) the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall consider the advice of the Prime Minister; and
- (b) the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall consider the advice of the Chief Minister of his State,
and may once refer the recommendation back to the Commission in order that it may be reconsidered.
● (5A) Save as provided in Clause (5B), federal law and, subject to the provisions of any such law, regulations made by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may, notwithstanding the provisions of Clause
(1) of Article 135, provide for the exercise by any officer in a service to which the jurisdiction of a Commission to which this Part applies extends, or by any board of such officers, of any of the functions of the Commission under Clause (1):
Provided that -
- (a) no such law or regulation may provide for the exercise by any such officer or board of officers of any power of first appointment to the permanent or pensionable establishment, or of any power of promotion (other than promotion to an acting appointment); and
- (b) any person aggrieved by the exercise by any such officer or board of officers of any power of disciplinary control may appeal to the Commission within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed by any such law or regulations, and the Commission may make such order thereon as it may consider just.
- (5B)
- (i) Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause (1) of Article 135 and Article 139 and Article 141A, all the powers and functions of the Public Services Commission or the Education Service Commission established under Article 139 and Article 141A, other than the power of first appointment to the permanent or pensionable establishment, may be exercised by a board appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- (ii) Any person aggrieved by the exercise by the board of any of the aforesaid powers or functions may appeal to an Appeal Board appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- (iii) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may by regulations provide for matters relating to the appointments of the members of, and the procedure to be followed by, the board or the Appeal Board under this Clause.
- (iv) Where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong has appointed the board under paragraph (i) of this Clause for the purpose of exercising any of the powers or functions referred to under that paragraph, such power or function shall so long as it remains a power or function to be exercised by the board, cease to be exercisable by the said Commission.
- (6) A Commission to which this Part applies may delegate to any officer in a service to which its jurisdiction extends, or to any board of such officers appointed by it, any of its functions under Clause (1) in respect of any grade of service, and that officer or board shall exercise those functions under the direction and the control of the Commission.
- (6A) In respect of members of the general public service of the Federation who are employed in posts ancillary to the armed forces or any of them or to the police force, or in respect of any grade of members of that service who are so employed, functions of the Public Services Commission may, under Clause (5A) or (6), be made exercisable by an officer or board of officers of the armed forces or police force, as the case may be, as if he or they were members of the general public service of the Federation.
- (7) In this Article "transfer" does not include transfer without change of rank within a department of Government.
- (8) A Commission to which this Part applies may, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and of federal law, make rules regulating its procedure and specifying the number of its members which are to constitute a quorum.
Article number: 145
145.
- (1) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint a person who is qualified to be a judge of the Supreme Court to be the Attorney General for the Federation.
- (2) It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to advise the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet or any Minister upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may from time to time be referred or assigned to him by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet, and to discharge the functions conferred on him by or under this Constitution or any other written law.
- (3) The Attorney General shall have power, exercisable at his discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a native court or a court-martial.
- (4) In the performance of his duties the Attorney General shall have the right of audience, in, and shall take precedence over any other person appearing before, any court or tribunal in the Federation.
- (5) Subject to Clause (6), the Attorney General shall hold office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and may at any time resign his office and, unless he is a member of the Cabinet, shall receive such remuneration as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may determine.
- (6) The person holding the office of Attorney General immediately prior to the coming into operation of this Article shall continue to hold the office on terms and conditions not less favourable than those applicable to him immediately before such coming into operation and shall not be removed from office except on the like grounds and in the like manner as a judge of the Supreme Court.
Article number: 146
146.
- (1) Each of the Commissions to which this Part applies shall make an annual report on its activities to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and copies of those reports shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament.
- (2) The Public Services Commission shall send a copy of every report made under this Article to the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of each State to members of whose public service their jurisdiction extends, and the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall lay it before the Legislative Assembly.
Article number: 146a
146A. (Repealed).
Article number: 146b
146B. (Repealed).
Article number: 146c
146C. (Repealed).
Article number: 146d
146D. Notwithstanding Clause (2) of Article 134, the jurisdiction of the Police Force Commission shall extend to embers of the public service of the State of Sabah or Sarawak who are seconded to the police force; and for purposes of the Police Force Commission they shall be deemed to be members of the police force.
- (2) (Repealed).
- (3) (Repealed).
Article number: 147
147.
- (1) The law applicable to any pension, gratuity or other like allowance (in this Article referred to as an "award") granted to a member of any of the public services, or to his widow, children, dependant or personal representatives, shall be that in force on the relevant day or any later law not less favourable to the person to whom the award is made.
- (2) For the purposes of this Article the relevant day is -
- (a) in relation to an award made before Merdeka Day, the date on which the award was made;
- (b) in relation to an award made after Merdeka Day to or in respect of any person who was a member of any of the public services before Merdeka Day, the thirtieth day of August, nineteen hundred and fifty-seven;
- (c) in relation to an award made to or in respect of any person who first became a member of any of the public services on or after Merdeka Day, the date on which he first became such a member.
- (3) For the purposes of this Article, where the law applicable to an award depends on the option of the person to whom it is made, the law for which he opts shall be taken to be more favourable
to him than any other law for which he might have opted.
Article number: 148
148.
- (1) References in this Constitution to a Commission to which this Part applies are, unless the context otherwise requires, references to any of the Commissions established under Articles 138 to 141A.
- (2) In this Part "ex officio member" includes a Minister and a judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court and "State Public Service Commission" means, in relation to any State, a Commission exercising functions in respect of members of the public service of the State and corresponding in status and jurisdiction to the Public Services Commission.
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PART XI - SPECIAL POWERS AGAINST SUBVERSION, ORGANISED VIOLENCE, AND ACTS AND CRIMES PREJUDICIAL TO THE PUBLIC AND EMERGENCY POWERS
Article number: 149
149.
● (1) If an act of parliament recites that action has been taken or threatened by any substantial body of persons, whether inside or outside the Federation -
- (a) to cause, or to cause a substantial number of citizens to fear, organised violence against persons or property; or
- (b) to excite disaffection against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or any Government in the Federation; or
- (c) to promote feelings of ill-will and hostility between different races or other classes of the population likely to cause violence; or
- (d) to procure the alteration, otherwise than by lawful means, of anything by law established; or
- (e) which is prejudicial to the maintenance or the functioning of any supply or service to the public or any class of the public in the Federation or any part thereof; or
- (f) which is prejudicial to public order in, or the security of, the Federation or any part thereof,
any provision of that law designed to stop or prevent that action is valid notwithstanding that it is inconsistent with any of the provisions of Article 5, 9, 10 or 13, or would apart from this Article be outside the legislative power of Parliament; and Article 79 shall not apply to a Bill for such an Act or any amendment to such a Bill.
● (2) A law containing such a recital as is mentioned in Clause (1) shall, if not sooner repealed, cease to have effect if resolutions are passed by both Houses of Parliament annulling such law, but without prejudice to anything previously done by virtue thereof or to the power of Parliament to make a new law under this Article.
Article number: 150
150.
- (1) If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof is threatened, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency making therein a declaration to that effect.
- (2) A Proclamation of Emergency under Clause (1) may be issued before the actual occurrence of the event which threatens the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof if the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that there is imminent danger of the occurrence of such event.
- (2A) The power conferred on the Yang di-Pertuan Agong by this Article shall include the power to issue different Proclamations on different grounds or in different circumstances, whether or not there is a Proclamation or Proclamations already issued by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong under Clause (1) and such Proclamation or Proclamations are in operation.
- (2B) If at any time while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, except when both Houses of Parliament are sitting concurrently, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that certain circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action, he may promulgate such ordinances as circumstances appear to him to require.
- (2C) An ordinance promulgated under Clause (2B) shall have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament, and shall continue in full force and effect as if it is an Act of Parliament until it is revoked or annulled under Clause (3) or until it lapses under Clause (7); and the power of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to promulgate ordinances under Clause (2B) may be exercised in relation to any matter with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws regardless of the legislative or other procedures required to be followed, or the proportion of the total votes required to be had, in either House of Parliament.
- (3) A Proclamation of Emergency and any ordinance promulgated under Clause (2B) shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament and, if not sooner revoked, shall cease to have effect if resolutions are passed by both Houses annulling such Proclamation or ordinance, but without prejudice to anything previously done by virtue thereof or to the power of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to issue a new Proclamation under Clause (1) or promulgate any ordinance under Clause (2B).
- (4) While a Proclamation of Emergency is in force the executive authority of the Federation shall, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, extent to any matter within the legislative authority of a State and to the giving of directions to the Government of a State or to any officer or authority thereof.
- (5) Subject to Clause (6A), while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution make laws with respect to any matter, if it appears to Parliament that the law is required by reason of the emergency; and Article 79 shall not apply to a Bill for such a law or an amendment to such a Bill, nor shall any provision of this Constitution or of any written law which requires any consent or concurrence to the passing of a law or any consultation with respect thereto, or which restricts the coming into force of a law after it is passed or the presentation of a Bill to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for his assent.
- (6) Subject to Clause (6A), no provision of any ordinance promulgated under this Article, and no provision of any Act of Parliament which is passed while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force and which declares that the law appears to Parliament to be required by reason of the emergency, shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Constitution.
- (6A) Clause (5) shall not extend the powers of Parliament with respect to any matter of Islamic law or the custom of the Malays, or with respect to any matter of native law or custom in the State of Sabah or Sarawak; nor shall Clause (6) validate any provision inconsistent with the
- provisions of this Constitution relating to any such matter or relating to religion, citizenship, or language.
- (7) At the expiration of a period of six months beginning with the date on which a Proclamation of Emergency ceases to be in force, any ordinance promulgated in pursuance of the Proclamation and, to the extent that it could not have been validly made but for this Article any law made while the Proclamation was in force, shall cease to have effect, except as to things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of that period.
- (8) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution-
- (a) the satisfaction of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong mentioned in Clause (1) and Clause (2B) shall be final and conclusive and shall not be challenged or called in question in any court on any ground; and
- (b) no court shall have jurisdiction to entertain or determine any application, question or proceeding, in whatever form, on any ground, regarding the validity of-
- (i) a Proclamation under Clauses (1) or of a declaration made in such Proclamation to the effect stated in Clause (1);
- (ii) the continued operation of such Proclamation;
- (iii) any ordinance promulgated under Clause (2B); or
- (iv) the continuation in force of any such ordinance.
- (9) For the purpose of this Article the Houses of Parliament shall be regarded as sitting only if the members of each House are respectively assembled together and carrying out the business of the House.
Article number: 151
151.
- (1) Where any law or ordinance made or promulgated in pursuance of this Part provides for preventive detention-
- (a) the authority on whose order any person is detained under that law or ordinance shall,
- as soon as may be, inform him of the grounds for his detention and, subject to Clause (3), the allegations of fact on which the order is based, and shall give him the opportunity of making representations against the order as soon as may be;
- (b) no citizen shall continue to be detained under that law or ordinance unless an advisory board constituted as mentioned in Clause (2) has considered any representations made by him under paragraph (a) and made recommendations thereon to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong within three months of receiving such representations, or within such longer period as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may allow.
- (2) An advisory board constituted for the purposes of this Article shall consist of a chairman, who shall be ap,pointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and who shall be or have been, or be qualified to be, a judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, or shall before Malaysia Day have been a judge of the Supreme Court, and two other members, who shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong after consultation with the Lord President of the Supreme Court.
- (3) This Article does not require any authority to disclose facts whose disclosure would in its opinion be against the national interest.
PART XII - GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS
Article number: 152
152.
● (1) The national language shall be the Malay language and shall be in such script as Parliament may by law* provide:
Provided that-
- (a) no person shall be prohibited or prevented from using (otherwise than for official purposes), or from teaching or learning, any other language; and
- (b) nothing in this Clause shall prejudice the right of the Federal Government or of any State Government to preserve and sustain the use and study of the language of any other community in the Federation.
- (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause (1), for a period of ten years after Merdeka Day, and thereafter until Parliament otherwise provides, the English language may be used in both Houses of Parliament, in the Legislative Assembly of every State, and for all other official purposes.
- (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause (1), for a period of ten years after Merdeka Day, and thereafter until Parliament otherwise provides, the authoritative texts-
- (a) of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either House of Parliament, and
- (b) of all Acts of Parliament and all subsidiary legislation issued by the Federal Government,
shall be in the English language.
- (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause (1), for a period of ten years after Merdeka Day, and thereafter until Parliament otherwise provides, all proceedings in the Supreme Court or a High Court shall be in the English language:
- Provided that, it the Court and counsel on both sides agree, evidence taken in language spoken by the witness need not be translated into or recorded in English.
- (5) Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause (1), until Parliament otherwise provides, all proceedings in subordinate courts, other than the taking of evidence, shall be in the English language.
- (6) In this Article, "official purpose" means any purpose of the Government, whether Federal or State, and includes any purpose of a public authority.
Article number: 153
153.
- (1) It shall be the responsibility of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to safeguard the special position of the Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak and the legitimate interests of other communities in accordance with the provisions of this Article.
- (2) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, but subject to the provisions of Article 40 and
- of this Article, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall exercise his functions under this Constitution and federal law in such manner as may be necessary to safeguard the special provision of the Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak and to ensure the reservation for Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak of such proportion as he may deem reasonable of positions in the public service (other than the public service of a State) and of scholarships, exhibitions and other similar educational or training privileges or special facilities given or accorded by the Federal Government and, when any permit or licence for the operation of any trade or business is required by federal law, then, subject to the provisions of that law and this Article, of such permits and licences.
- (3) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may, in order to ensure in accordance with Clause (2) the reservation to Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak of positions in the public service and of scholarships, exhibitions and other educational or training privileges or special facilities, give such general directions as may be required for that purpose to any Commission to which Part X applies or to any authority charged with responsibility for the grant of such scholarships, exhibitions or other educational or training privileges or special facilities; and the Commission or authority shall duly comply with the directions.
- (4) In exercising his functions under this Constitution and federal law in accordance with Clauses
- (1) to (3) the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall not deprive any person of any public office held by him or of the continuance of any scholarship, exhibition or other educational or training privileges or special facilities enjoyed by him.
- (5) This Article does not derogate from the provisions of Article 136.
- (6) Where by existing federal law a permit or licence is required for the operation of any trade or business the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may exercise his functions under that law in such manner, or give such general directions to any authority charged under that law with the grant of such permits or licences, as may be required to ensure the reservation of such proportion of such permits or licences for Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may deem reasonable, and the authority shall duly comply with the directions.
- (7) Nothing in this Article shall operate to deprive or authorise the deprivation of any person of any right, privilege, permit or licence accrued to or enjoyed or held by him or to authorised a refusal to renew to any person any such permit or licence or a refusal to grant to the heirs, successors or assigns of a person any permit or licence when the renewal or grant might reasonably be expected in the ordinary course of events.
- (8) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, where by any federal law any permit or licence is required for the operation of any trade or business, that law may provide for the reservation of a proportion of such permits or licences for Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak; but no such law shall for the purpose of ensuring such a reservation-
- (a) deprive or authorise the deprivation of any person of any right, privilege, permit or licence accrued to or enjoyed or held by him;
- (b) authorise a refusal to renew to any person any such permit or licence or a refusal to grant to the heirs, successors or assigns of any person any permit or licence when the renewal or grant might in accordance with he other provisions of the law reasonably be expected in the ordinary course of events, or prevent any person from transferring together with his business any transferable licence to operate that business; or
- (c) where no permit or licence was previously required for the operation of the trade or business, authorise a refusal to grant a permit or licence to any person for the operation of any trade or business which immediately before the coming into force of the law he had been bona fide carrying on, or authorise a refusal subsequently to renew to any such person any permit or licence, or a refusal to grant to the heirs, successors or assigns of any such person any such permit or licence when the renewal or grant might in accordance with the other provisions of that law reasonably be expected in the ordinary course of events.
- (8A) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, where in any University, College and other educational institution providing education after Malaysian Certificate of Education or its equivalent, the number of places offered by the authority responsible for the management of the University, College or such educational institution to candidates for any course of study is less than the number of candidates qualified for such places, it shall be lawful for the Yang di-Pertuan Agong by virtue of this Article to give such directions to the authority as may be required to ensure the reservation of such proportion of such places for Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak as the Yank di-Pertuan Agong may deem reasonable, and the authority shall duly comply with the directions.
- (9) Noting in this Article shall empower Parliament to restrict business or trade solely for the purpose of reservations for Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak.
- (9A) In this Article the expression "natives" in relation to the State of Sabah or Sarawak shall have the meaning assigned to it in Article 161A.
- (10) The Constitution of the State of any Ruler may make provision corresponding (with the necessary modifications) to the provisions of this Article.
Article number: 154
154.
- (1) Until Parliament otherwise determines, the municipality of Kuala Lumpur shall be the federal capital.
- (2) Notwithstanding anything in Part VI, Parliament shall have exclusive power to make laws with respect to the boundaries of the federal capital.
- (3) (Repealed).
Article number: 155
155.
- (1) Where the law in force in any other part of the Commonwealth confers upon citizens of the Federation any fight or privilege it shall be lawful, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, for Parliament to confer a similar right or privilege upon citizens of that part of the Commonwealth who are not citizens of the Federation.
- (2) The reference in Clause (1) to citizens of a part of the Commonwealth shall be construed, in relation to the United Kingdom or to any other part of the Commonwealth not being a Commonwealth country or a territory administered by the Government of a Commonwealth country other than the United Kingdom, as a reference to citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies.
- (3) This Article applies in relation to the Republic of Ireland as it applies in relation to a Commonwealth country.
Article number: 156
156. Where lands, buildings, or hereditaments are occupied for public purposes by or on behalf of the Federation, a State or a public authority, the Federation, State of public authority shall be liable to pay local rates in respect thereof but shall in aid of those rates make such contributions in respect thereof as may be agreed between the Federation, State of public authority. as the case may be, and the authority levying the rates or as may in default of agreement be determined by a tribunal consisting of the chairman of the Lands Tribunal established under Article 87, who shall preside, and two other members of whom each of the parties concerned shall appoint one.
Article number: 157
157. Subject to any provisions of State Law, arrangements may be made between any two States for the performance of any functions by the authorities of the one on behalf of the authorities of the other, and such arrangements may provide for the making of payments in respect of any costs incurred under the arrangements.
Article number: 158
158.
- (1) Nothing in this Constitution shall be taken to prohibit the making or continuance of arrangements whereby-
- (a) departments, authorities or services are maintained by the Federal Government in common with the Government of Brunei; or
- (b) the Federal Government or any officer or authority thereof acts as agent for the Government of Brunei; or
- (c) any part of the executive authority of the Federation is exercised, with the consent of the Federal Government, by any officer or authority of the Government of Brunei.
- (2) (Repealed).
Article number: 159
159.
- (1) Subject tot he following provisions of this Article and to Article 161E the provisions of this Constitution may be amended by federal law.
- (2) (Repealed).
- (3) A Bill for making any amendment to the Constitution (other than an amendment excepted from the provisions of this Clause) and a Bill for making any amendment to a law passed under
- Clause (4) of Article 10 shall not be passed in either House of Parliament unless it has been supported on Second and Third Readings by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total number of member of that House.
- (4) The following amendments are excepted from the provisions of Clause (3), that is to say:
- (a) any amendment to Part III of the Second or to the Sixth or Seventh Schedule;
- (b) any amendment incidental to or consequential on the exercise of any power to make law conferred on Parliament by any provision of this Constitution other than Articles 74 and 76;
- (bb) Subject to Article 161E any amendment made for or in connection with the admission of any State to the Federation or its association with the States thereof, or any modification made as to the application of this Constitution to a State previously so admitted or associated;
- (c) any amendment consequential on an amendment made under paragraph (a).
- (5) A law making an amendment to Clause (4) of Article 10, any law passed thereunder, the provisions of Part III, Article 38, 63 (4), 70, 71 (1), 72 (4), 152, or 153 or to this Clause shall not be passed without the consent of the Conference of Rulers.
- (6) In this Article "amendment" includes addition and repeal; and in this Article and in Article 2
(a) "State" includes any territory.
Article number: 159a
159A. The provisions of Part IV of the Malaysia Act* (which contains temporary and transitional provisions in connection with the operation of that Act) shall have effect as if embodied in this Constitution, and shall have effect notwithstanding anything in this Constitution as amended by that Act; and the provisions of this Constitution, and in particular Clause (1) of Article 4 and Articles 159 and 161E shall have effect in relation thereto accordingly.
Article number: 160
160.
- (1) The Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1948, as in force immediately before Merdeka Day shall, to the extent specified in the Eleventh Schedule, apply for the interpretation of this Constitution as it applies for the interpretation of any written law within the meaning of that Ordinance, but with the substitution of references to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for references to the High Commissioner.
- (2) In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say -
- "Aborigine" means an aborigine of the Malay Peninsula;
- "Act of Parliament" means a law made by Parliament;
- "Attorney General" means the Attorney General of the Federation;
- "Borrow" includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities or by entering into any arrangement requiring the payment before the due date of any taxes, rates, royalties, fees or any other payments or by entering into any agreement whereby the Government has to repay or refund any benefits that is has enjoyed under that agreement, and "loan" shall be construed accordingly;
- "Casual vacancy" means a vacancy arising in the House of Representatives or a Legislative Assembly otherwise than by a dissolution of Parliament or of the Assembly;
- "Chief Minister" and "Menteri Besar" both mean the president, by whatever style known, of the Executive Council in a State;
- "Citizen" means a citizen of the Federation;
- "Civil List" means the provision made for the maintenance of the Yang di-Pertua Agong, his Consort, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri out of public funds;
- "Commonwealth country" means any country recognised by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to be a Commonwealth country; and "part of the Commonwealth" means any Commonwealth country, any colony, protectorate or protected state or any other territory administered by the Government of any Commonwealth country;
- "Concurrent List" means the Third List set out in the Ninth Schedule;
- "Debt" includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and "debt charges" shall be construed
- accordingly;
- "Elector" means a person who is entitled to vote in an election to the House of Representatives or the Legislative Assembly of a State;
- "Enactment", where the expression occurs in the Eighth Schedule, means a law made by the Legislature of a State;
- "Executive Council" means the Cabinet or other body, however called, which in the Government of a State corresponds, whether or not the members of it are Ministers, to the Cabinet of Ministers in the Government of the Federation (and in particular includes the Supreme Council in Sarawak);
- "Existing law" means any law in operation in the Federation or any part thereof immediately before Merdeka Day;
- "Federal law" means -
- (a) any existing law relating to a matter with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws, being a law continued in operation under Part XIII, and
- (b) any Act of Parliament;
- "Federal List" means the First list set out in the Ninth Schedule;
- "Federal purposes" includes the purposes of the Federation in connection with matters enumerated in the Concurrent List and with any other matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws otherwise than by virtue of Article 76;
- "Foreign country" does not include any part of the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland;
- "Governor" (Repealed).
- "Law" includes written law, the common law in so far as it is in operation in the Federation or any part thereof, and any custom or usage having the force of law in the Federation or any part thereof;
- "Legislative Assembly" means the representatives assembly, however called, in the Legislature of a State (and in particular includes the Council Negri in Sarawak), but except in the Eighth Schedule includes also a Legislative Council, however called;
- "Legislative Council" (Repealed);
- "Legislature", in relation to a State, means the authority having power under the Constitution of that State to make laws for the State;
- "Local rates" (Repealed);
- "Malay" means a person who professes the religion of Islam, habitually speaks the Malay language, conforms to Malay custom and -
- (a) was before Merdeka Day born in the Federation or in Singapore or born of parents one of whom was born in the Federation or in Singapore, or is on that day domiciled in the Federation or in Singapore; or
- (b) is the issue of such a person;
- "Member of the administration" means, in relation to the Federation, a person holding office as Minister, Deputy Minister, Parliamentary Secretary or Political Secretary and, in relation to a State, a person holding a corresponding office in the State or holding office as member (other than an official member) of the Executive Council;
- "Merdeka Day" means the thirty-first day of August, nineteen hundred and fifty-seven;
- "Office of profit" means any whole time office in any of the public services, and includes -
- (a) the office of any judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court; and
- (b) the office of Auditor General; and
- (c) the office of a member of the Election Commission, of a member (other than an ex officio member) of a Commission to which Part X applies, or of a member (other that an ex officio member) of any corresponding Commission established by the Constitution of a State; and
- (d) any other office not specified in Clause (3) of Article 132 which may be declared by Act of Parliament to be an office of profit;
- "Pension rights" includes a superannuation rights and provident fund rights;
- "Public authority" means the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Ruler or Yang di-Pertuan
- Negeri of a State, the Federal Government, the Government of a State, a local authority, a statutory authority exercising powers vested in it by federal or State law, any court or tribunal other than the Supreme Court and High Courts, or any officer or authority appointed by or acting on behalf of any of those person, courts, tribunals or authorities;
- "Remuneration" includes salary or wages, allowances, pension rights, free or subsidised housing, free or subsidised transport, and other privileges capable of being valued in money;
- "Rule Committee" (Repealed);
- "Ruler" -
- (a) in relation to Negeri Sembilan, means the Yang di-Pertuan Besar acting on behalf of himself and the Ruling Chiefs in accordance with the Constitution of that State; and
- (b) in the case of any State, includes, except in Article 181 (2) and the Third and Fifth Schedules, any person who in accordance with the Constitution of that State exercises the functions of the Ruler;
- "State" means a State of the Federation'
- "State law" means -
- (a) any existing law relating to a matter with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make law, being a law continued in operation under Part XIII; and
- (b) a law made by the Legislature of a State;
- "State List" means the Second List set out in the Ninth Schedule;
- "State purposes" includes, in relation to any State, the purposes of the State in connection with matters enumerated in the Concurrent List and with any other matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has power to make laws;
- "Tax" includes am impost or a duty but does not include a rate levied for local purposes or a fee for services rendered;
- "The Federation" means the Federation established under the Federation of Malaya
- Agreement, 1957;
- "Written law" includes this Constitution and the Constitution of any State;
- "Yang di-Pertuan Negeri" means the Head of State in a State not having a Ruler.
- (3) Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference in this Constitution to a specified Part, Article or Schedule is a reference to that Part or Article of, or that Schedule to, this Constitution, any reference to a specified chapter, clause, section or paragraph is a reference to that chapter of the Part, that clause of the Article, that section of the Schedule, or that paragraph of that clause or section, in which the reference occurs; and any reference to a group of Articles, sections or divisions of Articles or sections shall be construed as including both the first and the last member of the group referred to.
- (4) Where under this Constitution a person is required to take and subscribe an oath, he shall be permitted, if he so desires, to comply with that requirement by making and subscribing an affirmation.
- (5) References in this Constitution to the Federation and its States and to the territories of the Federation or any of its States, and to any officer holding office under the Federation or any authority or body in or for the Federation shall be construed -
- (a) in relation to any time after the coming into operation of the Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948, and before Merdeka Day, as references to the Federation established under that Agreement, and the States and Settlements comprising it and to the territories of that Federation or any of the States and Settlements comprising it, and to the corresponding office holding office thereunder or the corresponding authority or body in or for that Federation;
- (b) in relation to any time before the coming into operation of the said Agreement (so far as the context admits) as references to such of the countries, territories, offices, authorities or bodies for the construction of references to which provision was made by Clause 135
- (2) of the said Agreement, as may be appropriate.
- (6) References in this Constitution to any period shall be construed, so far as the context admits, as including references to a period beginning before Merdeka Day.
- (7) References in this Constitution to the Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948, shall be construed, except where the context otherwise require, as references to that Agreement as in force immediately before Merdeka Day.
PART XIIA - ADDITIONAL PROTECTIONS FOR STATES OF SABAH AND SARAWAK
Article number: 161
161.
- (1) No Act of Parliament terminating or restricting the use of the English language for any of the purposes mentioned in Clauses (2) to (5) of Article 152 shall come into operation as regards the use of the English language in any case mentioned in Clause (2) of this Article until ten years after Malaysia Day.
- (2) Clause (1) applies -
- (a) to the use of the English language in either House of Parliament by a member for or from the State of Sabah or Sarawak; and
- (b) to the use of the English language for proceedings in the High Court in Borneo or in a subordinate court in the State of Sabah or Sarawak, or for such proceedings in the Supreme Court as are mentioned in Clause (4); and
- (c) to the use of the English language in the State of Sabah or Sarawak in the Legislative Assembly or for other official purposes (including the official purposes of the Federal Government).
- (3) Without prejudice to Clause (1), no such Act of Parliament as is there mentioned shall come into operation as regards the use of the English language for proceedings in the High Court in Borneo or for such proceedings in the Supreme Court as are mentioned in Clause (4), until the Act or the relevant provision of it has been approved by enactments of the Legislatures of the States of Sabah and Sarawak; and no such Act shall come into operation as regards the use of the English language in the State of Sabah or Sarawak in any other case mentioned in paragraph (b) or (c) of Clause (2), until the Act or the relevant provision of it has been approved by an enactment of the Legislature of that State.
- (4) The proceedings in the Supreme Court referred to in Clauses (2) and (3) are any proceedings on appeal from the High Court in Borneo or a judge thereof, and any proceedings under Clause
(2) of Article 128 for the determination of a question which has arisen in proceedings before the
High Court in Borneo or a ubordinate court in the State of Sabah or Sarawak.
● (5) Notwithstanding anything in Article 152, in the State of Sabah or Sarawak a native language in current use in the State may be used in native courts or for any code of native law and custom, and in the case of Sarawak, until otherwise provided by enactment of the Legislature, may be used by a member addressing the Legislative Assembly or any committee thereof.
Article number: 161a
161A. (1), (2) and (3) (Repealed).
● (4) The Constitutions of the States of Sabah and Sarawak may make provision corresponding (with the necessary modifications) to Article 153.
●
- (5) Article 89 shall not apply to the State of Sabah or Sarawak, and Article 8 shall not invalidate or prohibit any provision of State law in the State of Sabah or Sarawak for the reservation of land for natives of the State or for alienation to them, or for giving them preferential treatment as regards the alienation of land by the State.
- (6) In this Article "native" means-
- (a) in relation. to Sarawak, a person who is a citizen and either belongs to one of the races specified in Clause (7) as indigenous to the State or is of mixed blood deriving exclusively from those races; and
- (b) in relation to Sabah, a person who is a citizen, is the child or grandchild of a person of a race indigenous to Sabah, and was born (whether on or after Malaysia Day or not) either in Sabah or to a father domiciled in Sabah at the time of the birth.
- (7) The races to be treated for the purposes of the definition of "native" in Clause (6) as indigenous to Sarawak are the Bukitans, Bisayahs, Dusuns, Sea Dayaks, Land Dayaks, Kadayans, Kalabit, Kayans, Kenyags (Including Sabups and Sipengs), Kajangs (including Sekapans,. Kejamans, Lahanans, Punans, Tanjongs dan Kanowits), Lugats, Lisums, Malays, Melanos, Muruts, Penans, Sians, Tagals, Tabuns and Ukits.
Article number: 161b
161B.
- (1) In so far as any provision made by or under an Act of Parliament, by removing or altering a residence qualification, confers a right to practise before a court in the States of Sabah and Sarawak or either of them on persons not previously having the right, that provision shall not come into operation until adopted in the States or State in question by an enactment of the Legislature.
- (2) This Article shall apply to the right to practise before the Supreme Court when sitting in the States of Sabah and Sarawak and entertaining proceedings on appeal from the High Court in Borneo or a judge thereof or proceedings under Clause (2) of Article 128 for the determination of a question which has arisen in proceedings before the High Court in Borneo or a subordinate court in the State of Sabah or Sarawak.
Article number: 161c
161C. (Repealed)
Article number: 161d
161D. (Repealed)
Article number: 161e
161E.
- (1) As from the passing of the Malaysia Act no amendment to the Constitution made in connection with the admission to the Federation of the State of Sabah or Sarawak shall be excepted from Clause (3) of Article 159 by Clause (4) (bb) of that Article; nor shall any modification made as to the application of the Constitution to the State of Sabah or Sarawak be so excepted unless the modification is such as to equate or assimilate the position of that State under the Constitution to the position of the States of Malaya.
- (2) No amendment shall be made to the Constitution without the concurrence of the Yang di-Pertuan Negeri of the State of Sabah or Sarawak or each of the States of Sabah and Sarawak
concerned, if the amendment is such as to affect the operation of the Constitution as regards any of the following matters:
- (a) the right of persons born before Malaysia Day to citizenship by reason of a connection with the State, and (except to the extent that different provision is made by the Constitution as in force on Malaysia Day) the equal treatment, as regards their own citizenship and that of others, or persons born or resident in the State and of persons born or resident in the States of Malaya;
- (b) the constitution and jurisdiction of the High Court in Borneo and the appointment, removal and suspension of judges of that court;
- (c) the matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State may (or Parliament may not) make laws, and the executive authority of the State in those matters, and (so far as related thereto) the financial arrangements between the Federation and the State;
- (d) religion in the State, the use in the State or in Parliament of any language and the special treatment of natives of the State;
- (e) the allocation to the State, in any Parliament summoned to meet before the end of August, 1970, of a quota of members of the House of Representatives not less, in proportion to the total allocated to the other States which are members of the Federation in Malaysia Day, than the quota allocated to the State on that Day.
- (3) No amendments to the Constitution which affects its operation as regards the quota of members of the House of Representatives allocated to the State of Sabah or Sarawak shall be treated for purposes of Clause (1) as equating or assimilating the position of that State to the position of the States of Malaya.
- (4) In relation to any rights and powers conferred by federal law on the Government of the State of Sabah or Sarawak as regards entry into the State and residence in the State and matters connected therewith (whether or not the law is passed before Malaysia Day) Clause (2) shall apply, except in so far as the law provides to the contrary, as if the law had been embodied in the Constitution and those rights and powers had been included among the matters mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (e) of that Clause.
- (5) In this Article "amendment" includes addition and repeal.
Article number: 161f
161F. (Repealed).
Article number: 161g
161G. (Repealed).
Article number: 161h
161H. (Repealed).
PART XIII - TEMPORARY AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
Article number: 162
162.
- (1) Subject to the following provisions of this Article and Article 163, the existing laws shall until repealed by the authority having power to do so under this Constitution, continue in force on and after Merdeka Day, with such modifications as may be made therein under this Article and subject to any amendments made by federal or State law.
- (2) Where any State law amends or repeals an existing law made by the Legislature of a State, nothing in Article 75 shall invalidate the amendment or repeal by reason only that the existing law, relating to a matter with regard to which Parliament as well as the Legislature of a State has power to make laws, is federal law as defined by Article 160.
- (3) References in any existing law to the Federation established by the Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948, and its territories, and to any officer holding office under that Federation or to any authority or body constituted in or for that Federation (including any references falling to be construed as such references by virtue of Clause 135 of the said Agreement) shall be construed, in relation to any time on and after Merdeka Day, as references to the Federation (that is to say, the Agreement, 1957) and its territories and to the corresponding officer, authority or body respectively; and the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may by order declare what office, authority or body
- is to be taken for the purposes of this Clause to correspond to any officer, authority or body referred to in any existing law.
- (4) (Repealed).
- (5) Any order made under Clause (4) may be amended or repealed by the authority having power to make laws with respect to the matter to which the order relates.
- (6) any court or tribunal applying the provision of any existing law which has not been modified on or after Merdeka Day under this Article or otherwise may apply it with such modifications as may be necessary to bring it into accord with the provision of this Constitution.
- (7) In this Article "modification" includes amendment, adaptation and repeal.
Article number: 163
163. (Repealed).
Article number: 164
164. (Repealed).
Article number: 165
165. (Repealed).
Article number: 166
166.
- (1) (Repealed).
- (2) (Repealed).
- (3) Any land vested in the State of Malacca or the State of Penang which immediately before Merdeka Day was occupied or used by the Federation Government or Her Majesty's Government or by any public authority for purposes which in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution become federal purposes shall on and after that day be occupied, used, controlled and managed by the Federal Government or, as the case may be, the said public authority, so long as it is required for federal purposes, and -
- (a) shall not be disposed of or used for any purposes other that federal purposes without the consent of the Federal Government, and
- (b) shall not be used for federal purposes different from the purposes for which it was used immediately before Merdeka Day without the consent of the Government of the State.
- (4) (Repealed).
- (5) (Repealed).
- (6) (Repealed).
- (7) (Repealed).
- (8) Any property which was, immediately before Merdeka Day, liable to escheat to Her Majesty in respect of the Government of Malacca or the Government of Penang shall on that day be liable to escheat to the State of Malacca or the State of Penang, as the case may be.
Article number: 167
167.
- (1) (Repealed).
- (2) (Repealed).
- (3) (Repealed).
- (4) (Repealed).
- (5) (Repealed).
- (6) The Attorney General shall, on the application of any party interested in any legal proceedings, other than proceedings between the Federation and a State, certify whether any right, liability or obligation is by virtue of this Article a right, liability or obligation of the Federation or of a State named in the certificate, and any such certificate shall for the purposes of those proceedings be final and binding on all courts, but shall not operate to prejudice the rights and obligations of the Federation and any State as between themselves.
- (7) The Federation shall make the like annual payments as fell to be made before Merdeka Day under Article II of the Treaty made on the sixth day of May, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, between Her Majesty of the one part and the King of Siam of the other part relative to the State of Kedah.
Article number: 168
168. (Repealed).
Article number: 169
169. For the purposes of Article 76 (1) -
- (a) any treaty, agreement or convention entered into before Merdeka Day between Her Majesty or her predecessors or the Government of the United Kingdom on behalf of the Federation or any part thereof and another country shall be deemed to be a treaty, agreement or convention between the Federation and that other country;
- (b) any decision taken by an international organisation and accepted before Merdeka Day by the Government of the United Kingdom on behalf of the Federation or any part thereof shall be deemed to be a decision of an international organisation of which the Federation is a member;
- (c) in relation to the States of Sabah and Sarawak paragraphs (a) and (b) shall apply with the substitution of references to Merdeka Day and of references to the territories comprised in those State or any of them for the references to the Federation or any part thereof.
Article number: 170
170. (Repealed).
Article number: 171
171. (Repealed).
Article number: 172
172. (Repealed).
Article number: 173
173. (Repealed).
Article number: 174
174. (Repealed).
Article number: 175
175. The person holding office as Director of Audit immediately before Merdeka Day shall, as from that day, hold office as Auditor General on terms and conditions not less favourable that those applicable to him immediately before Merdeka Day.
Article number: 176
176.
- (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitutions and any existing law, all persons serving in connection with the affairs of the Federation immediately before Merdeka Day shall continue to have the same powers and to exercise the same functions on Merdeka Day on the same terms and conditions as were applicable to them immediately before that day.
- (2) This Article does not apply to the High Commissioner or the Chief Secretary.
Article number: 177
177. A person who, under any provision of this Parts, holds office under the Federation by virtue of having been the holder of a corresponding office immediately before Merdeka Day may, until Parliament otherwise provides, perform his functions without taking the oath required in the case of other holders of that office.
Article number: 178
178. Until Parliament otherwise provides, the remuneration payable to the person holding offices of Prime Minister and other Ministers shall be the same as was payable immediately before Merdeka Day, to the Chief Minister and other Minister of the Federation respectively.
Article number: 179
179. Any agreement in force immediately before Merdeka Day relating to the proportion of the remuneration payable by the Federation and any State in respect of any such employment as is mentioned in Article 133 (2) shall continue in force until superseded by a new agreement or federal law.
Article number: 180
180.
- (1) The Tenth Schedule to the Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948, shall continue in force on and after Merdeka Day, but with the modification that any reference therein to the High Commissioner shall be construed as a reference to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- (2) The said Schedule shall for the purposes of this Constitution be deemed to be federal law and may, subject to the provisions of Article 147, be amended and repealed accordingly.
- (3) In its application to any law made under Clause (2) of Article 147 shall have effect as if references therein to an award included compensation.
PART XIV - SAVING FOR RULERS' SOVEREIGNTY, ETC.
Article number: 181
181.
- (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the sovereignty, prerogative, powers and jurisdiction of the Rulers and the prerogatives, powers and jurisdiction of the Ruling Chiefs of Negeri Sembiliam within their respective territories as hitherto had and enjoyed shall remain unaffected.
- (2) No proceedings whatsoever shall be brought in any court against the Ruler of a State in his personal capacity.
FIRST SCHEDULE
OATH OF APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTRATION OR NATURALISATION
I.........of hereby declare on oath that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all loyalty to any country or State outside the Federation, and I do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and be a true, loyal and faithful citizen of the Federation.
SECOND SCHEDULE
PART I
CITIZENSHIP BY OPERATION OF LAW OF PERSONS BORN BEFORE MALAYSIA DAY
1.
- (1) Subject to the provision of Part III of this Constitution and anything done thereunder before Malaysia Day, the following persons born before Malaysia Day are citizens by operation of law, that is to say:
- (a) every person who immediately before Merdeka Day, was a citizen of the Federation by virtue of any of the provisions of the Federation of Malaya Agreement,* 9148, whether by operation of law or otherwise;
- (b) every person born within the Federation on or after Merdeka Day and before October, 1962;
- (c) every person born within the Federation after September, 1962, of whose parents one at least was at the time of the birth either a citizen or permanently resident in the Federation, or who was not born a citizen of any other country;
- (d) every person born outside the Federation on or after Merdeka Day whose father was a citizen at the time of his birth and either was born in the Federation or was at the time of the birth in service under the Government of the Federation or of a State;
- (e) every person born outside the Federation on or after Merdeka Day whose father was a citizen at the time of the birth if the birth was, or is, within one year of its occurrence or within such longer period as in any particular case was or is allowed by the Federal Government, registered at a consulate of the Federation or, if it occurred in Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei or North Borneo, registered with the Federal Government.
- (2) A person is not a citizen by virtue of paragraph (b) or (c) of subsection (1) is, at the time of his birth, his father, not being a citizen, possessed such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a sovereign power accredited to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
2. Subject to the provisions of Part III of this Constitution, a person ordinarily resident in the State of Sabah or Sarawak or in Brunei on Malaysia Day is a citizen by operation of law if he was immediately before that day a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies, and either -
- (a) was born in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak; or
- (b) became such a citizen by registration in those territories or by or in consequence of naturalisation there.
PART II
CITIZENSHIP BY OPERATION OF LAW OF PERSONS BORN ON OR AFTER MALAYSIA DAY
1. Subject to the provision of Part III of this Constitution, the following persons born on or after Malaysia Day are citizens by operation of law, that is to say:
- (a) every person born within the Federation of whose parents one at least is at the time of the birth either a citizen or permanently resident in the Federation; and
- (b) every person born outside the Federation whose father is at the time of the birth a citizen and either was born in the Federation or is at the time of the birth in the service of the Federation or of a State; and
- (c) every person born outside the Federation whose father is at the time of the birth a citizen and whose birth is, within one year of its occurrence or within such longer period as the Federal Government may in any particular case allow, registered at a consulate of the Federation or, if it occurs in Brunei or in a territory prescribed for this purpose by order of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, registered with the Federal Government; and
- (d) every person born in Singapore of whose parents one at least is at the time of the birth a citizen and who is not born a citizen otherwise than by virtue of this paragraph; and
- (e) every person born within the Federation who is not born a citizen of any country otherwise than by virtue of this paragraph.
2.
- (1) A person is not a citizen by virtue of paragraph (a), (d) or (e) of section 1 if, at the time of his birth, his father, not being a citizen, possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a sovereign power accredited to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or if his father is then an enemy alien and the birth occurs in a place under the occupation of the enemy.
- (2) In section 1 the reference in paragraph (b) to a person having been born in the Federation includes his having been born before Malaysia Day in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak.
- (3) For the purposes of paragraph (c) of section 1 a person is to be treated as having at birth any citizenship which he acquires within one year afterwards by virtue of any provisions corresponding to paragraph (c) of that section or otherwise.
PART III
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISION RELATING TO CITIZENSHIP
The Minister
- The functions of the Federal Government under Part III of this Constitution shall be exercised by such Minister of the Government as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may from time to time direct, and references in this Schedule to the Minister shall be construed accordingly.
- A decision of the Federal Government under Part III of this Constitution shall not be subject to appeal or review in any court.
- (Repealed).
-
- (1) The Minister may delegate to any officer of the Federal Government or, with the consent of the Ruler or Yang di-Pertuan Negeri of any State, to any officer of the Government of that State, any of his functions under Part III of this Constitution or this Schedule relating to citizenship by registration and the keeping of registers, and, in relation orders under paragraph (c) of Clause (1) of Article 25 or under Article 26, any of his functions under Article 27 prior to determine whether to make such an order; but any person aggrieved by the decision of a person to whom the functions of the Minister are so delegated may appeal to the Minister.
- (2) The Minister may also, with the consent of the Yang di-Pertuan Negeri of the State, delegate to an authority of the State of Sabah or Sarawak (subject or not to conditions providing for an appeal from that authority to the Minister) any of the Minister's functions under Clause (6) of Article 28A which are not required to be delegated by Clause (7) of that Article.
- (3) Subsection (1) shall apply to enrolments under Clause (2) of Article 19A as it applies to citizenship by registration, and to the cancellation under Clause (4) of Article 19A of an enrolment under that Article as it applies to an order under Article 26.
- (Repealed). Functions of Minister
- Subject to federal law, the Minister may make rules* and prescribe forms for the purpose of the exercise of his functions under Part III of this Constitution.
- Any power of the Federal Government to extend, for purposes of Part III of this Constitution, the period for registering a birth occurring outside the Federation may be exercised either before or after the registration has been affected.
- (Repealed).
- Any notice to be given by the Minister to any person under Article 27 may be sent to that person at his last known address, or, in the case of a person under the age of twenty-one years (not being a married woman), to his parent or guardian at the last known address of the parent or guardian; and if an address at which notice may be sent to any person under this section is not known and cannot after reasonable inquiry be ascertained, the notice may be given by publication in the Gazette.
-
- (1) It shall be the duty of the Minister to compile and maintain -
- (a) a register of citizens by registration;
- (b) a register of citizens by naturalisation;
- (c) a register of persons to whom certificates have been issued under Clause (1) of Article 30;
- (d) a register of person who have renounced or been deprived of citizenship under any provision of Part III of this Constitution;
- (e) (Repealed).
- (f) an alphabetical index of all person referred to in paragraphs (a) to (d).
- (2) References in this section to citizen by registration or by naturalisation shall be construed in accordance with Article 28 as if this section were included among the provisions to which that Article applies.
- If the Minister has reason to believe that an error appears in any register compiled under section 10, he shall, after giving notice to the person concerned and after considering such representations from him as he may choose to make, make such alteration on the register as appears to the Minister to be necessary to correct the error.
● 12. Subject to section 11, the said register shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein contained.
13 - 15. (Repealed).
Offences
16.
- (1) It shall be an offence punishable with imprisonment for two years or a fine of one thousand ringgit or both for any person -
- (a) knowingly to make any false statement with a view to inducing the Minister to grant or refuse any applications under Part III of this Constitution, including any application to determine whether the applicant is a citizen by operation of law; or
- (b) to forge or without lawful authority alter any certificate, whether issued or granted in the Federation or elsewhere, or without lawful authority use or have in his possession any certificate which has been so forged or altered; or
- (c) to fail to comply with any requirement imposed upon him by any rules made under section 6 with respect to the delivering up of certificates;
- (d) to personate or falsely represent himself to be or not to be a person to whom a certificate, whether issued in the Federation or elsewhere, has been duly issued or granted.
- (2) In this section "certificate" means any certificate of the following descriptions issued under Part III of this Constitution that is to say -
- (a) any certificate of registration or of naturalisation as a citizen; and
- (b) any certificate of registration effected at a consulate of the Federation or elsewhere outside the Federation; and
- (c) any such certificate as is mentioned in Article 30.
Interpretation
- For the purposes of Part III of this Constitution references to a person's father or to his parent, or to one of his parents, are in relation to a person who is illegitimate to be construed as references to his mother, and accordingly section 19 of this Schedule shall not apply to such a person.
- In relation to an adopted child whose adoption has been registered under any written law in force in the Federation, including any such law in force before Merdeka Day, Clause (3) of Article 15 shall have effect as if for the reference to his father there were substituted a reference to the adopter, and references in that Clause and section 9 of this Part of this Schedule to his parent shall be construed accordingly.
- Any reference in Part III of this Constitution to the status or description of the father of a person at the time of that person's birth shall, in relation to a person born after the death of his father, be construed as a reference to the status or description of the father at the time of the father's death; and where that death occurred before and the birth occurs on or after Merdeka Day, the status or description which would have been applicable to the father had he died after Merdeka Day shall be deemed to be the status or description applicable to him at the time of his death. This section shall have effect relation to Malaysia Day as it has effect relation to Merdeka Day.
19A. For the purposes of Part I and II of this Schedule a person born on board a registered ship or aircraft shall be deemed to have been born in the place in which the ship or aircraft was registered, and a person born on board an unregistered ship or aircraft of the Government of any country shall be deemed to have been born in that country.
19B. For the purposes of Part I and II of this Schedule any new born child found exposed in any place shall be presumed, until the contrary is shown, to have been born there of a mother permanently resident there; and if he is treated by virtue of this section as so born, the date of the finding shall be taken to be the date of the birth.
19C. For the purposes of Part I or II of the Schedule a person shall be treated as having been at any time permanently resident in the Federation if, but only if, he was then resident in the Federation and either -
- (a) he then had permission, granted without limit of time under any federal law, to reside there; or
- (b) it is certified by the Federal Government that he is to be treated for those purposes as a permanent resident in the Federation.
20.
- (1) In calculating for the purposes of Part III of this Constitution any residence in the Federation -
- (a) a period of absence from the Federation of less than six months;
- (b) a period of absence from the Federation for the purposes of education of such kind, in such country and for such time as may from time to time be either generally or specially approved by the Minister;
- (c) a period of absence from the Federation for reasons of health;
- (d) a period of absence from the Federation on duty in the service of the Federation or of any State, where such period is not inconsistent with the essential continuity of such residence; and
- (e) a period of absence from the Federation for any other cause prescribed generally or specially by the Minister, shall be treated as residence in the Federation.
- (2) In calculating for the purposes of Part III of this Constitution any residence in the Federation -
- (a) a period during which a person was not lawfully resident in the Federation;
- (b) a period spent as an inmate of any prison or as a person detained in lawful custody in any other place, other than a mental hospital, under the provision of any written law of the Federation; and
- (c) a period during which a person is allowed to remain temporarily in the Federation under the authority of any pass issued or exemption order made under the provisions of any written law of the Federation relating to immigration, shall not, except in the case of any period referred to in paragraph (c) with the consent of the Minister, be treated as residence in the Federation.
- (3) For the purposes of Part II of this Constitution a person shall be deemed to be resident in the Federation on a particular day if he had been resident in the Federation before that day and that day is included in any period of absence referred to in subsection (1).
- (4) This section shall apply in relation to any part of the Federation and the territories comprised in that part before Malaysia Day as it applies in relation to the Federation as a whole, and the reference in subsection (1) (d) to the service of a State shall include, in relation to those territories, the service of any Government having jurisdiction therein before Malaysia Day; and in relation to Malaysia Day or any later day subsection (3) shall apply as if the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak had at all times formed part of the Federation.
- For the purposes of Part III of this Constitution "consulate of the Federation" includes any office exercising consular function on behalf of the Federation.
- Except in so far as the context otherwise requires, references in this Schedule to Part III of this Constitution are to be read as including references to this Schedule.
THIRD SCHEDULE
ELECTION OF YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG AND TIMBALAN YANG DIPERTUAN AGONG
Part 1 - ELECTION OF YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG
1.
- (1) A Ruler is qualified to be elected Yang di-Pertuan Agong unless -
- (a) he is a minor, or
- (b) he has notified the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal that he does not desire to be elected, or
- (c) the Conference of Rulers by secret ballot resolves that he is unsuitable by reason of infirmity of mind or body or for any other cause to exercise the functions of Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- (2) A resolution under this section shall not be carried unless at least five members of the Conference have voted in favour of it.
- The Conference of Rulers shall offer the office of Yang di-Pertuan Agong to the Ruler qualified for election whose State if first on the election list described in section 4 and, if he does not accept the office, to the Ruler whose State is next on the list, and so on until a Ruler accepts the office.
- When a Ruler to whom the office of Yang di-Pertuan Agong has been offered in accordance with section 2 has accepted the office, the Conference of Rulers shall declare him elected and the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal shall notify the result of the election in writing to both Houses of Parliament.
4.
- (1) The election list -
- (a) shall for the purposes of the first election be a list comprising the States of all Rulers in the order in which Their Royal Highnesses then recognize precedence among themselves;
- (b) shall for the purposes of subsequent elections be that list as varied in accordance with subsection (2) until it is reconstituted under subsection (3), and shall then be the list to reconstituted but varied, for the purposes of further elections, in accordance with subsection (4).
- (2) The list in force at the first election shall be varied as follows -
- (a) after each election any States preceding on the list the State whose Ruler was elected shall be transferred (in order in which they are then on the list) to the end of the list, and the State whose Ruler was elected shall be omitted;
- (b) whenever there is a change in the Ruler of a State then on the list, that State shall be transferred to the end of the list (and if on the same day there is a change in the Rulers of more than one such State, those States shall be so transferred in the order in which they are then on the list).
- (3) When no State remains on the list as varied in accordance with subsection (2), or if at an election no Ruler of a State on that list is qualified for election or accepts office, the election list shall be reconstituted so as to comprise again the States of all the Rulers, but in the following order, that is to say, those whose Rulers have held the office of Yang di-Pertuan Agong in the order in which their Rulers have held that office, and the others (if any) following them in the order in which they were on the list before it was reconstituted.
- (4) After each election held in accordance with the reconstituted list that list shall be varied as follows;
- (a) any State preceding on the list the State whose Ruler was elected shall be transferred (in the order in which they are then on the list) to the end of the list; and
- (b) the State whose Ruler was elected shall then be place last.
PART II - ELECTION OF TIMBALAN YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG
5. A Ruler is qualified to be elected Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong unless -
- (a) he would not be qualified to be elected Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or
- (b) he has notified the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal that he does not desire to be elected.
- The Conference of Rulers shall not elect a Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong while the office of Yang di-Pertuan Agong is vacant.
- The Conference of Rulers shall offer the office of Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong to the Ruler qualified for election who, on the death of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong last elected, would be the first entitled to be offered the office of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and, if he does not accept it, to the next and so on until a Ruler accepts the office.
PART III - REMOVAL OF YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG
8. A resolution of the Conference of Rulers to remove the Yang di-Pertuan Agong from office shall not be carried unless at least five members of the Conference have voted in favour of it.
PART IV - GENERAL
- (Repealed).
- In section 4 (3) the expression "Ruler" includes a past Ruler.
FOURTH SCHEDULE
OATHS OF OFFICE OF YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG AND TIMBALAN YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG
Part 1 - OATH OF YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG
Kami ....................ibni .......................... Yang di-Pertuan Agong bagi Malaysia bersumpah dengan malafazkan: Wallahi; Wabillahi; Watallahi;
maka dengan lafaz ini berikrarlah kami dengan sesungguh dan dengan sebenarnya mengaku akan taat setia pada menjalankan dengan adilnya pemerintahan bagi Malaysia dengan mengikut sebagaimana Undang-undang dan Perlembagaan Negeri yang telah disah dan dimasyhurkan dan yang akan disah dan dimasyhurkan di masa hadapan ini. Dan lagi kami berikrar mengaku dengan sesungguh dan dengan sebenarnya memliharakan pada setiap masa Ugama Islam dan berdiri tetap di atas pemerintahan yang adil dan aman di dalam negeri.
Part II - OATH OF TIMBALAN YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG
Kami ....................ibni........................... yang telah dilantik menjadi Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong bagi Malaysia bersumpah dengan melafazkan: Wallahi; Wabillahi;
Watallahi; dan dengan lafaz ini berikrarlah kami dengan sesungguh dan dengan sebenarnya mengaku akan taat setia pada menjalankan tanggungan kami yang telah ditetapkan dan yang akan ditetapkan pada suatu masa ke suatu masa yang ke hadapah ini olch Undang-undang dan Perlembagaan Negeri Malaysia.
Part III - ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
We ..................... ibni ............................. Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia do hereby swear
Wallahi;
Wabillahi;
Watallahi;
and by virtue of that oath do solemnly and truly declare that We shall justly and faithfully perform (carry out) our duties in the administration of Malaysia in accordance with its laws and constitution which have been promulgated or which may be promulgated from time to time in the future. Further We do solemnly and truly declare that We shall at all time protect the Religion of Islam and uphold the rules of law and order in the Country.
We .................... ibni ............................. being elected to be the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia do hereby swear: Wallahi; Wabillahi;
Watallabi; and by virtue of that oath do solemnly and truly declare that We shall faithfully perform (carry out) our duties as Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong as laid down and as may from time to time be laid down by the laws and the Constitution of Malaysia.
FIFTH SCHEDULE
THE CONFERENCE OF RULERS
- The Conference of Rulers shall, subject to the following provisions of this Schedule, consist of Their Royal Highnesses the Rulers and the Yang di-Pertua Yang di-Pertua Negeri of States not having a Ruler.
- The place of His Royal Highness the Ruler of any State of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of any State as a member of the Conference of Rulers may in any case in which the Constitution of that State so provides be taken by such person as that Constitution may provide.
- The Conference of Rulers shall have a Rulers' Seal which shall be kept in custody of a person appointed by the Conference.
- The person appointed under section 3 shall be known as the Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja (Keeper of the Rulers' Seal), shall act as secretary to the Conference of Rulers and shall hold his office at the pleasure of the Conference.
- A majority of the members of the Conference of Rulers shall form a quorum and, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Conference may determine its own procedure.
- The Keeper of the Rulers' Seal shall convene the Conference of Rulers whenever required to do so by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or by not less than three members of the Conference and, without being so required, not later than four weeks before the expiry of the term of office of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
- and whenever a vacancy occurs in that office or in the office of the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- The Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri of States not having a Ruler shall not be members of the Conference of Rulers for the purposes of any proceedings relating to the election or for the purposes of any proceedings relating to the election or removal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the election of the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong or relating solely to the privileges, position, honours and dignities or Their Royal Highnesses or to religious acts, observances or ceremonies.
- In any case where the Conference of Rulers is not unanimous it shall take its decision by a majority of the members voting, subject however to the provisions of the Third Schedule.
- Any consent, appointment or advice of the Conference of Rulers required under this Constitution shall be signified under the Rulers' Seal, and where, in the case of any proposed appointment, a majority of the members of the Conference have indicated, by writing addressed to the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal that they are in favour of the appointment, he shall so signify the advice of the Conference without convening it.
SIXTH SHEDULE
FORMS OF OATHS AND AFFIRMATIONS
1. Oath of Office and Allegiance
"I, ..........................., having been elected (or appointed) to the office of .................... do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully discharge the duties of that office to the best of my ability, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Malaysia, and will preserve, protect and defend its Constitution."
(NOTE - A judge of the Supreme Court, other than the Lord President, or a judge of a High Court shall use the words "mu judicial duties in that or any other office" in place of the words "the duties of that office".)
2. Oath as Member of Parliament and of Allegiance
"I, ........................., having been elected (or appointed) as a member of the House of Representatives (or the Senate) do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully discharge my duties as such to the best of my ability, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Malaysia, and will preserve, protect and defend its Constitution."
3. Oath of Secrecy
"I, ........................., do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as ................. except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as such or as may be specially permitted by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong."
SEVENTH SCHEDULE
ELECTION AND RETIREMENT OF SENATORS
Part I - ELECTION OF SENATORS
1.
- (1) (Repealed).
- (2) As often as there is a vacancy among the members elected to the Senate by a State the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall give notice to the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of the State that an election of a Senator is required and the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall require the Legislative Assembly to elect a Senator as soon as may be.
2.
- (1) The names of candidates for election shall be proposed and seconded by members of the Assembly and the member proposing or the member seconding shall submit a statement in writing, signed by the person nominated, that he is willing to serve as a Senator if elected.
- (2) When all the nominations have been received, the presiding officer shall announce the names of the persons nominated in alphabetical order and shall then put their names to the vote in that order.
- (3) Each member present shall be entitled to vote for as many candidates as there are vacancies to be filled, and the names of the members voting for each candidate shall be recorded; and if any member casts a vote in addition to those allowed by this subsection that vote shall be void.
- (4) The presiding officer shall declare to be elected the candidate or candidates who receive the largest number of votes, but if two or more candidates have an equal number of votes and the number of those candidates is larger than the number of vacancies to be filled, the election of those candidates shall be determined by lot.
- Notwithstanding anything in section 2, if a vacancy due to the expiry of the term of office of a Senator is to be filled at the same meeting as a vacancy arising in any other way there shall first be an election to fill the vacancy due to the expiry of the term and then a separate election to fill the other vacancy.
- The presiding officer shall certify to the clerk to the Senate, by writing under his hand, the name of a person elected as Senator in accordance with the provisions of this Schedule.
- If any question arises whether a member of the Senate has been duly elected in accordance with the provisions of this Schedule, the decision of the Senate shall be taken and shall be final, but the failure to hold an election under section 1 (2) as soon as my be shall not of itself invalidate the election of any Senator.
PART II - RETIREMENT OF SENATORS
- (Repealed).
- (Repealed).
- The term of office of a person or appointed to replace a person who has died to be a Senator before the expiration of his term shall be the remainder of that term.
EIGHT SCHEDULE
PROVISIONS TO BE INSERTED IN STATE CONSTITUTION
PART I - FINAL PROVISIONS
Ruler to act on advice
1.
- (1) In the exercise of his functions under the Constitution of this State or any law or as a member of the Conference of Rulers the Rulers shall act in accordance with the advice of the Executive Council or of a member thereof acting under the general authority of the Council, except as otherwise provided by the Federal Constitution or the State Constitution; but shall be entitled, at his request, to any information concerning the Government of the State which is available to the Executive Council.
- (2) The Ruler may act in his discretion in the performance of the following functions (in addition to those in the performance of which he may act in his discretion under the Federal Constitution) that is to say -
- (a) the appointment of a Menteri Besar.
- (b) the withholding of consent to a request for the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly.
- (c) the making of a request for a meeting of the Conference of Rulers concerned solely with the privileges, position, honours and dignities of Their Royal Highnesses or religious acts, observances or ceremonies,
- (d) any function as Head of the religion of Islam or relating to the custom of the Malays,
- (e) the appointment of an heir or heirs, consort, Regent or Council of Regency,
- (f) the appointment of person to Malay customary ranks, titles, honours and dignities and the designation of the functions appertaining thereto,
- (g) the regulation of royal courts and palaces.
- (3) State law may make provision for requiring the ruler to act after consultation with or on the recommendation of any person or body of persons other than the Executive Council in the exercise of any of his functions other than -
- (a) functions exercisable in his discretion;
- (b) function with respect to the exercise of which provision is made the State Constitution or the Federal Constitution.
The Executive Council
2.
- (1) The Ruler shall appoint an Executive Council.
- (2) The Executive Council shall be appointed as follows, that is to say:
- (a) the Ruler shall first appoint as Menteri Besar to preside over the Executive Council a member of the Legislative Assembly who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Assembly; and
- (b) he shall on the advice of the Menteri Besar appoint not more that eight nor less than four other members from among the members of the Legislative Assembly;
but if an appointment is made while the Legislative Assembly is dissolved a person who was a member of the last Legislative Assembly may be appointed but shall not continue to hold office after the first sitting of the next Legislative Assembly unless he is a member thereof.
- (3) Notwithstanding anything in this section, a person who is a citizen by naturalisation or by registration under Article 17 of the Federal Constitution shall not be appointed Menteri Besar.
- (4) In appointing a Menteri Besar the Ruler may, in his discretion, dispense with any provision in the Constitution of this State restricting his choice of a Menteri Besar, if in his opinion it is necessary to do so in order to comply with the provisions of this section.
- (5) The Executive Council shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly.
- (6) If the Menteri Besar ceases to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Legislative Assembly, then, unless at his request the Ruler dissolves the Legislative Assembly, he shall tender the resignation of the Executive Council.
- (7) Subject to subsection (6), a member of the Executive Council other than the Menteri Besar shall hold office at the Ruler's pleasure, but any member of the Council may at any time resign his office.
- (8) A member of the Executive Council shall not engage in any trade, business or profession connected with any subject or department for which he is responsible and shall not, so long as he is engaged in any trade, business or profession, take part in any decision of the Executive Council relating to that trade, business or profession or in any decision likely to affect his pecuniary interests therein.
Legislature of the State
3. The Legislature of the State shall consist of the Ruler and one House, namely, the Legislative Assembly.
Composition of Legislative Assembly
4.
● (1) The Legislative Assembly shall consist of such number of elected members as the Legislature may by law provide.
● (2) (Repealed). Qualifications of members
5. Every citizen of or over the age of twenty-one years who is resident in the State is qualified to be a member of the Legislative Assembly, unless he is disqualified for being a member by the Federal Constitution or this Constitution or by any such law as is mentioned in section 6 of the Eighth
Schedule to the Federal Constitution. Disqualification for membership of Legislative Assembly
6.
- (1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a person is disqualified for being a member of the Legislative Assembly if -
- (a) he is and has been found or declared to be of unsound mind;
- (b) he is an undischarged bankrupt;
- (c) he holds an office of profit;
- (d) having been nominated for election to either House of Parliament or to the Legislative Assembly, or having acted as election agent to a person so nominated, he has failed to lodge any return of election expenses required by law within the time and in the manner so required; or
- (e) he has been convicted of an offence by a court of law in the Federation (or, before Malaysia Day, in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak or in Singapore) and sentenced to imprisonment for a term of not less than one year or to a fine of not less than two thousand ringgit and has not received a free pardon;
- (f) he is disqualified under any law relating to offences in connection with elections to either House of Parliament or to the Legislative Assembly by reasons of having been convicted of such an offence or having in proceedings relating to such an election been proved guilty of an act constituting such an offence; or
- (g) he has voluntary acquired citizenship of, or exercised rights of citizenship in, a foreign country or has made a declaration of allegiance to a foreign country.
- (2) The disqualification of a person under paragraph (d) or paragraph (e) of subsection (1) may be removed by the Ruler and shall, if not so removed, cease at the end of the period of five years beginning with the date on which the return mentioned in the said paragraph (d) was required to be lodged or, as the case may be, the date on which the person convicted as mentioned in the said paragraph (e) was released from custody or the date on which the fine mentioned in the said paragraph (e) was imposed, and a person shall not be disqualified under paragraph (g) of subsection (1) by reason only of anything done by him before he became a citizen.
- (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section where a member of the Legislative Assembly becomes disqualified from continuing to be a member thereof pursuant to paragraph (e) of subsection (1), or under a law as is referred to in paragraph
(f) of subsection (1) -
- (a) the disqualification shall take effect upon the expiry of fourteen days from the date on which he was:
- (i) convicted and sentenced as specified in the aforesaid paragraph (e); or
- (ii) convicted of an offence or proved guilty of an act under a law as is referred to in the aforesaid paragraph (f); or
- (b) if within the period of fourteen days specified in paragraph (a) an appeal or any other court proceedings is brought in respect of such conviction or sentence, or in respect of being so convicted or proved guilty, as the case may be, the disqualification shall take effect upon the expiry of fourteen days from the date on which such appeal or other court proceedings is disposed of by the court; or
- (c) if within the period specified in paragraph of nomination or election of any person to the Legislative Assembly, for which purpose the disqualification shall take effect immediately upon the occurrence of the event referred to in paragraph (e) or (f), as the case may be, of subsection (1).
Provision against double membership
7. A person shall not at the same time be a member of the Legislative Assembly for more than one constituency.
Decision as to disqualification
8.
- (1) If any question arises whether a member of the Legislative Assembly has become disqualified for membership, the decision of the Assembly shall be taken and shall be final:
- Provided that this section shall not be taken to prevent the practice of the Assembly postponing a decision in order to allow for the taking of determination of any proceedings that may affect the decision (including proceedings for the removal of the disqualification).
- (2) Where a member of the Legislative Assembly becomes disqualified under paragraph (e) of subsection (1) of section 6, or under a law as is referred to in paragraph (f) of subsection (1) of section 6, the foregoing subsection (1) shall not apply, and he shall cease to be a member of the Legislative Assembly, and his seat shall become vacant, immediately upon his disqualification taking effect in accordance with subsection (3) of section 6.
Summoning, prorogation and dissolution of Legislative Assembly
*9.
- (1) The Ruler shall from time to time summon the Legislative Assembly and shall not allow six months to elapse between the last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.
- (2) The Ruler may prorogue or dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
- (3) The Legislative Assembly unless sooner dissolved shall continue for five years from the date of its first sitting and shall then stand dissolved.
- (4) Whenever the Legislative Assembly is dissolved a general election shall be held within sixty days from the date of the dissolution and the new Legislative Assembly shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than one hundred and twenty days from that date.
- (5) A casual vacancy shall be filled within sixty days from the date on which it is established by the Election Commission that there is a vacancy:
Provided that is a casual vacancy is established on a date within six months of the date the Legislative
Assembly shall, in accordance with subsection (3) of this section stand dissolved, such casual vacancy shall not be filled.
Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
10.
- (1) The Legislative Assembly shall from time to time choose one of its members to be Speaker and shall transact no business which the office of Speaker is vacant other than the election or a Speaker.
- (2) A member holding office as Speaker shall vacate his office on ceasing to be a member of the Legislative Assembly or upon being disqualified under subsection (4), and may at any time resign his office.
- (3) During any absence of the Speaker from a sitting of the Legislative Assembly such other member as may be determined by the rules of procedure of the Assembly shall act as Speaker.
- (4) A member who is elected to be the Speaker shall be disqualified from holding such office if after three months of his election to such office or at any time thereafter he is or becomes a member of any board of directors or board of management or on officer or employee, or engages in the affairs or business, of any organisation or body, whether corporate or otherwise, or of any commercial, industrial or other undertaking, whether or not he receives any remuneration, reward, profit or benefit from it;
- Provided that such disqualification shall not apply where such organisation or body carries out any welfare or voluntary work or objective beneficial to the community or any part thereof, or any other work or objective of a charitable or social nature, and the member does not receive any remuneration, reward, profit or benefit from it.
- (5) Where any question arises regarding the disqualification of the Speaker under subsection (4) the decision of the Legislative Assembly shall be taken and shall be final.
Exercise of legislative power
11.
- (1) The power of the Legislature to make laws shall be exercised by Bills passed by the Legislative Assembly and assented to by the Ruler.
- (2) No Bill or amendment involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of the State may be introduced or moved in the Legislative Assembly except by a member of the Executive Council.
- (3) A Bill shall become law on being assented to by the Ruler, but no law shall come into force until it has been published, without prejudice, however, to the power of the Legislature to postpone the operation of any law or to make laws with retrospective effect.
FINANCIAL PROVISION
No taxation unless authorised by law
12. No tax or rate shall be levied by or for the purposes of the State except by or under the authority of law.
Expenditure charged on Consolidated Fund
13.
- (1) There shall be charge on the Consolidated Fund of the State, in addition to any grant, remuneration or other moneys so charged by any other provision of the Constitution of the State or by State law -
- (a) the Civil List of the Ruler and remuneration of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly;
- (b) all debt charges for which the State is liable; and
- (c) any moneys required to satisfy any judgment, decision or award against the State by any court or tribunal.
- (2) For the purposes of this provision debt charges include interest, sinking fund charges, repayment or amortisation of debt and all expenditure in connection with the raising of loans on the security of the Consolidated fund and the service and redemption of debt created thereby.
Annual financial statement
14.
- (1) Subject to subsection (3), the Ruler shall, in respect of every financial year, cause to be laid before the Legislative Assembly a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the State for that year, and, unless the State Legislature in respect of any year otherwise provides, that statement shall be so laid before the commencement of the year.
- (2) The estimates of expenditure shall show separately -
- (a) the total sums required to meet expenditure charged on the Consolidated fund; and
- (b) subject to subsection (3), the sums respectively required to meet the heads of other expenditure proposed to be met from the Consolidated fund.
- (3) The estimated receipts to be shown in the said statement do not include any sums received by way of Zakat, Fitrah and Baitulmal or similar Islamic religious revenue, and the sums to be shown under paragraph (b) of subsection (2) do not include -
- (a) sums representing the proceeds of any loan raised by the State for specific purposes and appropriated for those purposes by the law authorising the raising of the loan;
- (b) sums representing any money or interest on money received by the State subject to a trust and to be applied in accordance with the terms of the trust;
- (c) sums representing any money held by the State which has been received or appropriated for the purpose of any trust fund established by or in accordance with federal or State law.
- (4) The said statement shall also show, so far as is practicable, the assets and liabilities of the State at the end of the last completed financial year, the manner in which those assets are invested or held, and the general heads in respect of which those liabilities are outstanding.
Supply Bill
15. The heads of expenditure to be met from the Consolidated Fund of the State, but not charged thereon, other than the sums mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 14 (3) of the Eighth Schedule to the Federal Constitution, shall be included in a Bill, to be known as a Supply Bill, providing for the issue from the Consolidated Fund of the sums necessary to meet that expenditure and the appropriation of those sums for the purposes specified therein.
Supplementary and excess expenditure
16. If in respect of any financial year it is found -
- (a) that the amount appropriated by the Supply Enactment for that purpose is insufficient, or that a need has arisen for expenditure for a purpose for which no amount has been appropriated by the Supply Enactment; or
- (b) that any moneys have been expended for any purpose in excess of the amount (if any) appropriated for that purpose by the Supply Enactment,
a supplementary estimate showing the sums required or spent shall be laid before the Legislative Assembly and the heads of any such expenditure shall be included in a Supply Bill.
Withdrawals from the Consolidated Fund
17.
- (1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, no moneys shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund unless they are -
- (a) charged on the Consolidated Fund; or
- (b) authorised to be issued by a Supply Enactment.
- (2) No moneys shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund except in the manner provided by federal law.
- (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to any such sums as are mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b) and
- (c) of section 14 (3) of the Eighth Schedule to the Federal Constitution.
- (4) The State Legislature may in respect of any financial year authorise, before the passing of the Supply Enactment, expenditure for part of the year and the issue from the Consolidated Fund of any moneys required to meet that expenditure.
IMPARTIAL TREATMENT OF STATE EMPLOYEES Impartial treatment of State employees
18. All persons of whatever race in the same grade of the service of the State, shall, subject to the terms and conditions of their employment, be treated impartially.
AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION Amendment of the Constitution
19.
- (1) The following provision of this section shall have effect with respect to the amendment of the
- Constitution of this State.
- (2) The provisions affecting succession to the throne and the position of the Ruling Chiefs and similar Malay customary dignitaries may not be amended by the State Legislature.
- (3) Any other provisions may, subject to the following provisions of this section, be amended by an Enactment of the State Legislature but may not be amended by any other means.
- (4) A Bill for making an amendment to the said Constitution (other that an amendment excepted from the provisions of this subsection) shall not be passed by the Legislative Assembly unless it has been supported on Second and Third Readings by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total number of members thereof.
- (5) The following amendments are excepted from the provisions of subsection (4), that is to say -
- (a) any amendment consequential on such a law as is mentioned in section 4 or section 21 of the Eighth Schedule to the Federal Constitution; and
- (aa) any amendments to the definition of the territory of the State which is made in consequence of the passing of a law altering the boundaries of the State under Article 2 of the Federal Constitution to which the State Legislative Assembly and the Conference of Rulers have consented under the said Article; and
- (b) any amendment of effect of which is to bring the Constitution of this State into accord with any of the provisions of the said Schedule, but only if it is made after the Legislative Assembly has been elected in accordance with section 4 of that Schedule.
- (6) This section does not invalidate any provision of the Constitution of this State requiring the consent of any body of persons to any amendment affecting -
- (a) the appointment and attributes of an heir or heirs to the throne, of the Ruler's Consort or of the Regent or Members of the Council of Regency of the State,
- (b) the removal, withdrawal, or abdication of the Ruler or his heir or heirs,
- (c) the appointment and attributes of the Ruling Chiefs or similar Malay customary dignitaries and of members of religious or customary Advisory Councils or similar bodies,
- (d) the establishment, regulation, confirmation and deprivation of Malay customary ranks, titles, honours, dignities and awards and the attributes of the holders thereof and the regulation of the royal courts and repeal.
PROVISIONS IN RESPECT OF YANG DI-PERTUA NEGERI IN RELATION TO THE STATES OF MALACCA, PENANG, SABAH AND SARAWAK
Yang di-Pertua Negeri
19A.
- (1) There shall be a Yang di-Pertua Negeri of the State who shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong acting in his discretion but after consultation with the Chief Minister.
- (2) The Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall be appointed for a term of four years but may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and may be removed from office by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in pursuance of an address by the Legislative Assembly of the State supported by votes of not less than two-thirds of the total number of its members.
- (3) The Legislature may by law make provision for enabling the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, acting in his discretion but after consultation with the Chief Minister, to appoint a person to exercise the functions of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri during any period which the Yang di-Pertua Negeri is unable to do so himself owing to illness, absence or any other cause; but no person shall be so appointed unless he would be qualified to be appointed a Yang di-Pertua Negeri.
- (4) A person appointed under subsection (3) may take the place of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri as a member of the Conference of during any period which under that subsection he may exercise the functions of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri.
Qualification and disabilities of Yang di-Pertua Negeri
19B.
- (1) A person who is not a citizen or is a citizen by naturalisation or by registration under Article 17 of the Federal Constitution shall not be appointed a Yang di-Pertua Negeri.
- (2) The Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall not hold any office of profit and shall not actively engage in any commercial enterprise.
Civil List of Yang de-Pertua Negeri
19C. The Legislature shall by law provide a Civil List of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, which shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund and shall not be diminished during his continuance in office.
Oath of office of Yang di-Pertua Negeri
19D.
- (1) The Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall before exercising his functions take and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice or of a judge of the High Court, an oath or affirmation in the following form, that is to say -
- "I, ..................................................... having been appointed Yang di-Pertua Negeri of the State of ............................................................ do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully discharge my duties as such to the best of my ability, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the State of .................... and to the Federation of Malaysia, and that I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia and the Constitution of the State of .........................".
- (2) Any law made under subsection (3) of section 19A shall make provision corresponding (with necessary modifications) to subsection (1).
PART II - TEMPORARY PROVISIONS ALTERNATIVE TO PROVISION IN PART I
The Executive Council (alternative to section 2)
20.
- (1) The Ruler shall appoint an Executive Council.
- (2) The Executive Council shall be appointed as follows, that is to say -
- (a) the Ruler shall first appoint as Menteri Besar to preside over the Executive Council a person who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the Assembly; and
- (b) he shall on the advice of the Menteri Besar appoint not more than eight nor less than four other persons.
- (3) Notwithstanding anything in this section, a person who is a citizen by naturalisation or by registration under Article 17 of the Federal Constitution shall not be appointed Menteri Besar.
- (4) In appointing a Menteri Besat the Ruler may in his discretion dispense with any provision in the Constitution of this State restricting his choice of a Menteri Besar, if in his opinion it is necessary to do so in order to comply with the provisions of this section.
- (5) The Executive Council shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly.
- (6) The Menteri Besar shall cease to hold office at the expiration of a period of three months from the date of his appointment, unless before the expiration of that period a resolution of confidence in him has been passed by the Legislative Assembly; and if at any time he ceases to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Legislative Assembly, then unless at his request the Ruler dissolves the Legislative Assembly, he shall tender the resignation of the Executive Council.
- (7) Subject to subsection (6), a member of the Executive Council other than the Menteri Besar shall hold office at the Ruler's pleasure, but any member of the Council may at any time resign his office.
- (8) A member of the Executive Council shall not engage in any trade, business or profession connected with any subject or department for which he is responsible and shall not, so long as he is engaged in any trade, business or profession, take part in any decision of the Executive Council relating to that trade, business or profession or in any decision likely to affect his pecuniary interests therein.
21.
● (1) The Legislative Assembly shall consist of -
- (a) such number of elected members as the Legislature may by law provide; and
- (b) such number of other members, being less than the number of elected members, as the Ruler may appoint;
and, until other provisions made as aforesaid, the number of elected members shall be the number specified in Article 171 of the Federal Constitution.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in section 6 of the Eighth Schedule to the Federal Constitution a person shall not be disqualified for being an appointed member of the Legislative Assembly by reason only that he holds an office of profit.
PART III - MODIFICATION OF PARTS I AND II IN RELATION TO MALACCA AND PENANG
22. In the application of Parts I and II of this Schedule to the States of Malacca and Penang references to the Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall be substituted for references to the Ruler, and the following shall be omitted, that is to say, paragraphs (c) to (g) of section 1 (2), section 2 (4), subsection (2) and (6) of section 19, section 20 (4), in section 14 (3) the words preceding "the sums to be shown under paragraph
(b)" and in subsection 19 (3) the word "other" in the first place where it occurs.
23.
- (1) Part I of this Schedule shall apply to the States of Sabah and Sarawak as it applies to the States of Penang and Malacca except for the modifications of section 10 stated in subsection (2) of this section.
- (2) Section 10 in its application to the State of Sabah or Sarawak may be modified by the substitution for the words "one of its members to be Speaker" in subsection (1) of the words "as Speaker such person as the Assembly may determine" by the omission of the word "other" in subsection (3), and by the addition of a subsection (4) -
❍ "(4) A person shall not be chosen to be Speaker, unless he is a member or qualified to be a member of the Legislative Assembly, and the Speaker, whether a member or not, shall vacate his office on the dissolution of the Assembly, and may at any time resign his office."
NINTH SCHEDULE
LEGISLATIVE LISTS
List I - Federal List
1. External affairs, including -
- (a) Treaties, agreements and conventions with other countries and all matters which bring the Federation into relations with any other country;
- (b) Implementation of treaties, agreements and conventions with other countries;
- (c) Diplomatic, consular and trade representation;
- (d) International organizations; participation in international bodies and implementation of decisions taken thereat;
- (e) Extradition, fugitive offenders, admission into, and emigration and expulsion from, the Federation;
- (f) Passports, visas, permits of entry or other certificates; quarantine;
- (g) Foreign and extra-territorial jurisdiction; and
- (h) Pilgrimages to places outside Malaysia.
2. Defence of the Federation or any part thereof, including -
- (a) Naval, military and air forces and other armed forces;
- (b) Any armed forces attached to or operating with any of the armed forces of the Federation; visiting forces;
- (c) Defence works; military and protected areas; naval, military and air force bases; barracks, aerodromes and other works;
- (d) Manoeuvres;
- (e) War and peace; alien enemies and enemy aliens; enemy property; trading with an enemy; war damage; war risk insurance;
- (f) Arms, fire-arms, ammunition and explosives;
- (g) National service; and
- (h) Civil defence.
3. Internal security, including -
- (a) Police; criminal investigation; registration of criminals; public order;
- (b) Prisons, reformatories; remand homes; place of detention; probation of offenders; juvenile offenders;
- (c) Preventive detention; restriction of residence;
- (d) Intelligence services; and
- (e) National registration.
4. Civil and criminal law and procedure and the administration of justice, including -
- (a) Constitution and organization of all courts other that Syariah Courts;
- (b) Jurisdiction and powers of all such courts.
- (c) Remuneration and other privileges of the judges and officers presiding over such courts;
- (d) Persons entitled to practise before such courts;
- (e) Subject to paragraph (ii), the following -
- (i) Contract, partnership, agency and other special contracts; master and servant; inns and inn-keepers; actionable wrongs, property and its transfer and hypothecation, except land, bona bacantia; equity and trusts, marriage, divorce and legitimacy; married women's property and status; interpretation of federal law; negotiable instruments; statutory declarations; arbitration; mercantile law; registration of businesses and business names; age of majority; infants and minors; adoption; succession, testate and intestate; probate and letters of administration; bankruptcy and insolvency; oaths and affirmations; limitation; reciprocal enforcement of judgments and orders; the law of evidence;
- (ii) the matters mentioned in paragraph (i) do not include Islamic personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, family law, gifts or succession, testate and intestate;
- (f) Official secrets, corrupt practices;
- (g) Use of exhibition of coats of arms, armorial bearing, flags, emblems, uniforms, orders and decorations other than those of a State;
- (h) Creation of offences in respect of any of the matters included in the Federal List or dealt with by federal law;
- (i) Indemnity in respect of any of the matters in the Federal List or dealt with by federal law;
- (j) Admiralty Jurisdiction;
- (k) Ascertainment of Islamic law and other personal laws for purposes of federal law; and
- (n( �/span> Betting and lotteries.
- Federal citizenship and naturalisation; aliens.
- The machinery of government, subject to the State List, but including -
- (a) Elections to both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and all matters connected therewith;
- (b) The Armed Forces Council and the Commissions to which Part I applies;
- (c) Federal services including the establishment of services common to the Federation and the States; services common to two or more States;
- (d) Pensions and compensation for loss of office; gratuities and conditions of service;
- (e) Government and administration of the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan including Islamic law therein to the same extent as provided in item I in the State List and in respect of the Federal Territory of Labuan, native law and custom to the same extent as provided in item 13 of the Supplement to State List for States of Sabah and Sarawak;
- (f) Federal Government contracts;
- (g) Federal public authorities; and
- (h) Purchase, acquisition and holding of, and dealing with, property for federal purposes.
- Finance, including -
- (a) Currency, legal tender and coinage;
- (b) National savings and savings banks;
- (c) Borrowing on the security by the States, public authorities and private enterprise;
- (d) Loans to or borrowing by the States, public authorities and private enterprise;
- (e) Public debt of the Federation;
- (f) Financial and accounting procedure, including procedure for the collection, custody and payment of the public moneys of the Federation and of the States, and the purchase, custody and
- disposal of public property other than land of the Federation and of the States;
- (g) Audit and account of the Federation and the States and other public authorities;
- (h) Taxes, rates in the federal capital;
- (i) Fees in respect of any of the matters in the Federal List or dealt with by federal law;
- (j) Banking, money- lending' pawnbrokers; control of credit;
- (k) Bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes and other similar instruments;
- (n( �/span> Foreign exchange; and
- (m) Capital issues, stock and commodity exchanges.
8. Trade, commerce and industry, including -
- (a) Production, supply and distribution of goods, price control and food control, adulteration of foodstuffs and other goods;
- (b) Imports into, and exports from, the Federation;
- (c) Incorporation, regulation and winding up of corporations other than municipal corporations ( but including the municipal corporation of the federal capitan( � regulation of foreign corporations; bounties on production in or export from the Federation;
- (d) Insurance, including compulsory insurance;
- (e) Patents, designs; inventions; trade marks and mercantile marks; copyrights;
- (f) Establishments of standards of weights and measures;
- (g) Establishments of standards of quality of goods manufactured in or exported from the Federation;
- (h) Auctions and auctioneers;
- (i) Industries, regulation of industrial undertakings;
- (j) Subject to item 2 (c) in the State List; Development of mineral resources, mines, mining,
- minerals and mineral ores, oils and oilfields; purchase, sale, import and export of minerals and mineral ores; petroleum products; regulation of labour and safety in mines and oilfields;
- (k) Factories, boilers and machinery, dangerous trades; and
- (n( �/span> Dangerous and inflammable substances.
9. Shipping, navigation and fisheries, including -
- (a) Shipping and navigation on the high seas and in tidal and inland waters;
- (b) Ports and harbours; foreshores;
- (c) Lighthouses and other provisions for the safety of navigation;
- (d) Maritime and estuarine fishing and fisheries, excluding turtles;
- (e) Light dues; and
- (f) Wrecks and salvage.
10. Communications and transport, including -
- (a) Roads, bridges, ferries and other means of communication if declared to be federal by or under federal law;
- (b) Railways, excluding Penang Hill Railway;
- (c) Airways, aircraft and air navigation; civil aerodromes; provisions for the safety of aircraft;
- (d) Regulation of traffic by land, water and air other than on rivers outside harbour areas wholly within one State;
- (e) Carriage of passengers and goods by land, water and air;
- (f) Mechanically propelled vehicles;
- (g) Posts and telecommunications; and
- (h) Wireless, broadcasting and television.
11. Federal works and power, including -
- (a) Public works for federal purposes;
- (b) Water supplies, rivers and canals, except those wholly within one State or regulated by an agreement between all the States concerned; production, distributions by supply of water power; and
- (c) Electricity, gas and gas works; and other works for the production and distribution of power and energy.
12. Surveys, inquiries and research, including -
- (a) Census; registration of births and deaths; registration of marriages; registration of adoptions other than adoptions under Islamic law or Malay custom;
- (b) Survey of the Federation; social, economic and scientific surveys; meteorological organizations;
- (c) Scientific and technical research; and
- (d) Commissions of inquiry.
13. Education, including -
- (a) Elementary, secondary, and university education; vocational and technical education, training of teachers; registration and control of teachers; managers and schools; promotion of special studies and research; scientific and literary societies;
- (b) Libraries; museums; ancient and historical monuments and records; archaeological sites and remains.
14. Medicine and health including sanitation in the federal capital, and including -
- (a) Hospitals, clinic and dispensaries, medical profession; maternity and child welfare; lepers and leper institutions;
- (b) Lunacy and mental deficiency, including places for reception and treatment;
- (c) Poisons and dangerous drugs; and
- (d) Intoxicating drugs and liquors, manufacture and sale of drugs.
15. Labour and social security, including -
- (a) Trade unions; industrial and labour disputes, welfare of labour including housing of labourers by employers; employers liability and workmen's compensation;
- (b) Unemployment insurance; health insurance; widow's orphan's and old age pensions; maternity benefits; provident and benevolent funds; superannuation; and
- (c) Charities and charitable institutions; charitable trusts and trustees excluding Wakafs; Hindu endowments.
- Welfare of the aborigines.
- Professional occupations other than those specifically enumerated.
- Holidays other than State holidays; standard of time.
- Unincorporated societies.
- Control of agricultural pests; protection against such pests; prevention of plant diseases.
- Newspaper, publications, publishers, printing and printing presses.
- Censorship.
- Subject to item 5(f) of the State List, theatres; cinemas; cinematograph films; places of public amusement.
- Federal housing and improvement trusts.
- Co-operative societies.
- Subject to item 9A of the Concurrent List, prevention and extinguishment of fire, including fire services and fire brigades.
- All matters relating to the Federal Territory, including the matters enumerated in items 2,3,4 and 5 of the State List and in the Cast of the Federal Territory of Labuan, the matter enumerated in items 15,16 and 17 of the Supplement to State List for States of Sabah and Sarawak.
List II - State List
- Except with respect to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan, Islamic law and personal and family law of persons professing the religion of Islam, including the Islamic law relating to succession, testate and intestate, betrothal, marriage, divorce, dower, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy guardianship, gifts, partitions and non-charitable trusts; Wakafs and the definition and regulation of charitable and religious endowments, institutions, trusts, charities and charitable institutions operating wholly within the State; Malay customs. Zakat, Fitrah and Baitulmal or similar Islamic religious revenue, mosques or any Islamic public places of worship, creation and punishment of offences by persons professing the religion of Islam against precepts of that religion, except in regard to matters included in the Federal List; the constitution, organisation and procedure of Syariah courts, which shall have jurisdiction only over person professing the religion of Islam and in respect only of any of the matters included in this paragraph, but shall not have jurisdiction in respect of offences except in so fat as conferred by federal law*, the control of propagating doctrines and beliefs among persons professing the religion of Islam; the determination of matters of Islamic law and doctrine Malay custom.
- Except with respect to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan, land including -
- (a) Land tenure, relation of landlord and tenant; registration of titles and deeds relating to land; colonization, land improvement and soil conservation; rent restriction;
- (b) Malay reservations or, in the States of Sabah and Sarawak, native reservations;
- (c) Permits and licences for prospecting for mines; mining leases and certificates;
- (d) Compulsory acquisition of land;
- (e) Transfer of land, mortgages, leases and charges in respect of land; easements; and
- (f) Escheat; treasure trove excluding antiquities.
- Except with respect to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan, agriculture and forestry, including -
- (a) Agriculture and agricultural loans, and
- (b) Forests.
- Local government outside the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan, including -
- (a) Local administration; municipal corporation; local town and rural board and other local
- authorities; local government services, local rates, local government elections;
- (b) Obnoxious trades and public nuisances in local authority areas;
- (c) Housing and provision for housing accommodation, improvement trusts.
5. Except with respect to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan, other services of a local character, that is to say -
- (a) (Repealed).
- (b) Boarding houses and lodging houses;
- (c) Burial and cremation grounds;
- (d) Pounds and cattle trespass;
- (e) Markets and fairs; and
- (f) Licensing of theatres, cinemas and places of public amusement.
6. State works and water, that is to say -
- (a) Public work for State purposes;
- (b) Roads, bridges and ferries other than those in Federal List, regulation of weight and speed of vehicles on such roads; and
- (c) Subject to the Federal List, water (including water supplies, rivers and canals); control of silt; riparian rights.
7. Machinery of the State Government, subject to the Federal List, but including -
- (a) Civil List and State pensions;
- (b) Exclusive State services;
- (c) Borrowing on the security of the State Consolidated Fund;
- (d) Loans for State purposes;
- (e) Public debt of the State; and
- (f) Fees in respect of any of the matters included in the State List or dealt with by State law.
- State holidays.
- Creation of offences in respect of any of the matters included in the State List or dealt with by State law, proof of State law and of thing done thereunder, and proof of any matter for purposes of State law.
- Inquiries for State purposes, including commissions of inquiry and collection of statistics with respect to any of the matters included in the State List of dealt with by State law.
- Indemnity in respect of any of the matters in the State List or dealt with by State law.
- Turtles and riverine fishing.
List IIA - Supplement to State List for State of Sabah and Sarawak
- Native law and custom, including the personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, family law, gifts or succession testate or intestate; registration of adoptions under native law or custom; the determination of matters of native law or custom; the constitution, organization and procedure of native courts (including the right of audience in such courts), and the jurisdiction and powers of such courts, which shall extend only to the matters included in this paragraph and shall not include jurisdiction in respect of offences except in so far as conferred by federal law.
- Incorporation of authorities and other bodies set up by State law, if incorporated directly by State law, and regulation and winding up of corporations so created.
- Ports and harbours, other than those declared to be federal by or under federal law; regulation of traffic by water in ports and harbours or on rivers wholly within the State, except traffic in federal ports or harbours; foreshores.
- Cadastral land surveys.
- Libraries, museums, ancient and historical monuments and records and archaeological sites and remains, other than those declared to be federal by or under federal law.
- In Sabah, the Sabah Railway.
- (Repealed).
List II B - (Repealed) List III - Concurrent List
- Social welfare; social services subject to Lists I and II; protection of women, children and your persons.
- Scholarships.
- Protection of wild animals and wild birds; National Parks.
- Animal husbandry, prevention of cruelty to animals; veterinary services; animal quarantine.
- Town and country planning, except in the federal capital.
- Vagrancy and itinerant hawkers.
- Public health, sanitation (excluding sanitation in the federal capital) and the prevention of diseases.
- Drainage and irrigation.
- Rehabilitation of mining land and land which has suffered soil erosion. 9A. Fire safety measures and fire precautions in the construction and maintenance of building.
List IIIA - Supplement to Concurrent List for State of Sabah and Sarawak
- Personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, family law, gifts or succession testate and intestate.
- Adulteration of foodstuffs and other goods.
- Shipping under fifteen registered tons, including the carriage of passengers and goods by such shipping, maritime and estuarine fishing and fisheries.
- The production, distribution and supply of water power and of electricity generated by water power.
- Agricultural and forestry research, control of agricultural pests, and protection against such pests, prevention of plant diseases.
- Charities and charitable trusts and institutions in the State (that is to say, operating wholly within, or created and operating in, the State) and their trustees, including the incorporation thereof and the regulation and winding-up of incorporated charities and charitable institutions in the State.
- Theatres; cinemas; cinematograph films; places of public amusements.
- Elections to the State Assembly held during the period of indirect elections.
- In Sabah until the end of the year 1970 (but not in Sarawak), medicine and health, including the matters specified in items 14 (a) to (d) of the Federal List.
List III B - (Repealed).
of Malaysia
TENTH SCHEDULE
GRANTS AND SOURCE OF REVENUE ASSIGNED TO STATES
Part I - CAPITATION GRANT
1.
● (1) The capitation grant payable to each State in respect of a financial year shall be at the following rates:
- (a) for the first 100,000 persons at the rate of $20 per person;
- (b) for the next 150,000 persons at the rate of $10 per person;
- (c) for the next 250,000 person at the rate of $6 per person;
- (d) for the remainder at the rate of $3 per person,
and shall be based on the annual population projection of the State as determined by the Federal Government and calculated as the last population census:
Provided that if the last census was taken one year before the beginning of the financial year, the grant for that particular year shall be based on the population as determined by that population census.
● (2) (Repealed).
Part II - STATE ROAD GRANT
2. The State road grant payable to each of the States of Malaya in respect of a financial year shall be calculated by multiplying -
- (a) the average cost to a State of maintaining a mile of State orad at the minimum standard determined for State roads in those States by the Federal Government after consultation with the National Federal Council; by
- (b) so much of the mileage of State roads in the State as qualifies for grant.
3. For the purpose of section 2 -
- (a) the mileage of State roads in a State shall be taken to be that mileage as on the thirty-first day of December of the preceding financial year, and the average cost mentioned in paragraph (a) of that section shall be taken to be the average cost in that State calculated in the preceding financial year; and
- (b) the maintenance of State roads means the preservation, upkeep and restoration of State roads, roadside furniture, bridges, viaducts or culverts forming part thereof or connected therewith as nearly as possible in their original condition as constructed or as subsequently improved.
- A length of State road if it is actually maintained by the Public Works Department of the State at or above the minimum standard mentioned in section 2 (a) and a length of any road within the limit of a local authority if such road is certified by the Public Works Department of the State as coming within the qualifying standard and maintained at or above the minimum standard as mentioned in section 2 (a) qualify for grant.
- In this Part of this Schedule, "State road" means any public road other than a federal road, and any other road other than a federal road to which the public has access.
-
- (1) The State road grant payable to Sabah or Sarawak shall, in each of the years 1964 and 1965, be payable at the rate of $4,500 a mile in respect of a mileage in Sabah of 1,151 miles and in
- Sarawak of such amount as may be agreed between the Federal and State Governments.
- (2) Thereafter sections 2 to 5 shall apply to the State road grant so payable with the following modifications:
- (a) the minimum standard mentioned in section 2 (a) shall be the minimum standard determined for State roads in the State; and
- (b) any length of road maintained by a local authority at the expense of the State shall be treated as maintained by the Public Works Department of the State.
Part III - SOURCES OF REVENUE ASSIGNED TO STATES
- Revenue from toddy shops.
- Revenue from lands, mines and forests.
- Revenue from licences other than those connected with mechanically propelled vehicles, electrical installations and registration of business.
- Entertainment duty.
- Fees in court other than federal courts.
- Fees and receipts in respect of specific services rendered by departments of State Governments.
- Revenue of town boards, town councils, rural boards, local councils and similar local authorities other than -
- (a) municipalities established under any Municipal Ordinance;
- (b) those town boards, town councils, rural boards, local councils and similar local authorities which have power under written law to retain their revenues and control the spending thereof.
- Receipts in respect of water supplies, including water rates.
- Rents on State property.
- Interest on State balances.
- Receipts from land sales and sales of State property.
- Fines and forfeitures in courts other than federal courts.
- Zakat, Fitrah and Baitumal and similar Islamic religious revenue.
- Treasure trove.
Part IV - SPECIAL GRANTS TO STATES OF SABAH AND SARAWAK
1.
- (1) In the case of Sarawak a grant of $5,800,000 in each year.
- (2) In the case of Sarawak, a grant of which the amount in 1964 and each of the four following years shall be respectively $3.5m., $7m., $11.5m., $16m., $21m., and in later years shall be fixed on a review under Article 112B.
2.
● (1) In the case of Sabah, a grant of an amount equal in each year to two-fifths of the amount by which the net revenue derived by the Federation from Sabah exceeds the net revenue which would have been so derived in the year 1963 if -
(a)the Malaysia Act had been in operation in that year as in the year 1964; and
(b) the net revenue for the year 1963 were calculated without regard to any alternation of any tax or fee made on or after Malaysia Day;
("net revenue" meaning for this purpose the revenue which accrues to the Federation, less the amounts received by the State in respect of assignments of that revenue).
● (2) In the case of Sabah, for any year before 1968 in which the State road grant is less than $5,179,500, a supplement to that grant on an amount equal to the deficiency.
3. In either case, for any year before 1974 and, if at the beginning of 1974 the Legislature to the State has power to make laws with respect to the carriage of passengers and goods by land or to mechanically propelled road vehicles, then during the continuance of that power, a grant equal to the cost to the State in the year of the State road transport department.
Part V - ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF REVENUE ASSIGNED TO STATES OF SABAH AND SARAWAK
- Import duty and excise duty on petroleum products.
- Export duty on timber and other forest product.
- So long as the royalty levied by the State on any mineral chargeable with export duty other than tin (but including mineral oils) does not amount to 10 per cent ad valorem calculated as for export duty, export duty on that mineral or such part of the export duty as makes the total of royalty and duty on exported mineral up to 10 per cent ad valorem so calculated.
- In the case of Sabah, so long as medicine and health remains an item in the Concurrent List and expenses in respect of that item are borne by the State, 30 per cent of all customs revenue other than that in respect of the duties mentioned in section 1, 2 and 3.
- For any year before 1974 and, if at the beginning of 1974 the Legislature of the State has power to make laws with respect to the carriage of passengers and goods by land or with respect to mechanically propelled road vehicles or licences connected with those vehicles, then during continuance of that powers, fees from such licences.
- For any year before 1974, and if at the beginning of 1974 the Legislature of the State has power to make laws with respect to the registration of mechanically propelled vehicles, then during the continuance of that power, fees from the registration of such vehicles.
- State sales taxes.
- Fees and dues from ports and harbours other than federal ports and harbours.
ELEVENTH SCHEDULE
PROVISIONS OF THE INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES ORDINANCE, 1948 (MALAYAN UNION ORDINANCE NO. 7 OF 1948), APPLIED FOR INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION
Section - Subject Matter
2 (56) Meaning of "month" - "month" means calendar month according to the Gregorian calendar.
2 (61) Meaning of "person" and "party"; - "person" and "party" included any body of persons, corporate or unincorporate.
2 (88) Definition of "subsidiary legislation" - "subsidiary legislation" means any Order in Council, proclamation, rule, regulation, order, notification, by-law or other instrument made under any Ordinance, Enactment or other lawful authority and having legislative effect.
2 (94) Construction of masculine gender - words importing the masculine gender include females.
2 (95) Construction of singular or plural - words in the singular include the plural, and words in the plural include the singular.
2 (96) Meaning of "writing" - "writing" and expressions referring to writing include printing, lithography, typewriting, photography, and other modes of representing or reproducing words or figures in visible form.
2 (98) Meaning of "year" - "year" means a year reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar.
7. Forms - Save as is otherwise expressly provided, whenever forms are prescribed slight deviations therefrom, not affecting the substance or calculated to mislead, shall not invalidate them.
13 Effect of repeal - Where a written law repeals in whole or in part any other written law, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the repeal shall not -
- (a) revive anything not in force or existing at the time at which the repeal takes effect; or
- (b) affect the previous operation of any written law so repealed or anything duly done or suffered under any written law to repealed; or
- (c) affect any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred under any written law so repealed; or
- (d) affect any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in respect of any offence committed against any written law so repealed; or
- (e) affect any investigation, legal proceeding, or remedy in respect of any such right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture or punishment as aforesaid;
and any such investigation, legal proceeding or remedy may be instituted, continued or enforced, and any such penalty, forfeiture or punishment may be imposed, as if the repealing law had not been passed.
21. (Repealed).
23. General provisions with respect to power given to any authority to make subsidiary Legislation -Where an Ordinance or Enactment confers power on any authority to make subsidiary legislation, such subsidiary legislation may at any time be amended, varied, rescinded or revoked by the same authority and in the same manner by and in which it was made.
28. Construction of provisions as to exercise of powers and duties -
- (1) Where a written law confers a power or imposes a duty, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the power may be exercised and the duty shall be performed from time to time as occasion requires.
- (2) Where a written law confers a power or imposes a duty on the holder of an office as such, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the power may be exercised and the duty shall be performed by the holder of the office for the time being or by a person duly appointed to act for him.
- Power to appoint includes power to dismiss - Where a written law confers upon any person or authority a power to make appointments to any office or place, the power shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as including a power to dismiss or suspend any person appointed and to appoint another person temporarily in the place of any person so suspended or in place of any sick or absent holder of such office or place:
- Construction of enabling words - Where a written law confers power on any person to do or enforce the doing of any act or thing, all such powers shall be understood to be also conferred as are reasonably necessary to enable the person to do or enforce the doing of the act or thing.
- Official designation to include officer executing duties - When reference is made in any written law, instrument, warrant or process of any kind made or issued by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or a Ruler or any body or person having authority under any written law to make or to issue the same to any public officer by the term designating his office, such officer shall include the officer for the time being executing the duties of such office or any portion of such duties.
- Power of Yang di-Pertuan Agong to provide for execution of duties of public officer during temporary absence or inability -
- (1) Where by or under any written law any powers are conferred or any duties are imposed upon a public officer, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or, in the case of a public officer borne on the establishment of a State, the Ruler of that State, may direct that if, during any period, owing to absence or inability to act from illness or any other cause, such public officer is unable to exercise the powers or perform the duties of his office in any place under his jurisdiction or
- control, such powers shall be had and may be exercised and such duties shall be performed in such place by a person named by, or by a public officer holding the office designated by, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or Ruler, as the case may be, and thereupon such person or public officer, during any period as aforesaid, shall have and may exercise the powers and shall perform the duties aforesaid subject to such conditions, exceptions and qualifications as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or Ruler may direct.
- (2) Without prejudice to the provisions of subsection (1), when a substantive holder of any office is on leave of absence pending relinquishment of his office, it shall be lawful for another person to be appointed substantively in his place.
33C Powers of a board, etc., not affected by vacancy, etc. - Where by or under any written law any board, commission, committee or similar body, whether corporate or unincorporate, is established, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the powers and proceedings of such board, commission, committee or similar body shall not be affected by -
- (a) any vacancy in the membership thereof;
- (b) any defect afterwards discovered in the appointment or qualification of a person purporting to be a member thereof; or
- (c) any minor irregularity in the convening of any meeting thereof.
35 (Repealed).
36 Computation of time - In computing time for the purposes of any written law, unless the contrary intention appears -
- (a) a period of days from the happening of an event or the doing of any act or thing shall be deemed to be exclusive of the day in which the event happens or the act or thing is done;
- (b) if the last day of the period is a weekly holiday or a public holiday (which days are in this section referred to as excluded days) the period shall include the next following day not being an excluded day;
- (c) when any act or proceeding is directed or allowed to be done or taken on a certain day, then, if that day happens to be an excluded day, the act or proceedings shall be considered as done or taken in due time if it is dome or taken on the next day afterwards, not being an excluded day;
- (d) when an act or proceedings is directed or allowed to be done or taken within any time not exceeding six days, excluded days shall not be reckoned in the computation of the time.
38 Provision when no time prescribed - Where no time is prescribed or allowed within which anything shall be done, such thing shall be done with all convenient speed and as often as the prescribed occasion arises.
40A Solicitor-General to exercise powers of Attorney General -
- (1) Unless in any written law it is otherwise expressly provided, the Solicitor-General may perform any of the duties and may exercise any of the powers of the Attorney General.
- (2) Where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or any other person has lawfully delegated his powers to the Attorney General such delegation shall, unless otherwise expressly provided, be deemed to be delegation of powers to both the Attorney General and the Solicitor-General.
42 Public officers - A reference in any written law to any public officer by the usual or common title of his office shall, if there be such an office customarily in the Federation or any State and unless the contrary intentions appears, by read and construed as referring to the person for the time being holding or carrying out the duties of that office in the Federation or State, as the case amy be.
44 Construction of references to laws - In any written law a description or citation of a portion of another written law shall, unless a contrary intention appears, be construed as including the word, section or other part mentioned or referred to as forming the beginning and as forming the end of the portion comprised in the description or citation.
46 English text to prevail - In case of any conflict or discrepancy between the English text of a written law and any translation thereof, the english text shall prevail.
TWELFTH SCHEDULE
TWELFTH SCHEDULE (Repealed).
THIRTEENTH SCHEDULE
PROVISIONS RELATING TO DELIMITATION OF CONSTITUENCIES
Part I - DECLARATION OF AND PRINCIPLES RELATING TO THE DELIMITATION OF CONSTITUENCIES
- The constituencies for the election of members to the House of Representatives and the Legislative Assemblies of the State shall until altered in accordance with the provisions of this Schedule, be those first used for elections to the House or Assembly, as the case may be, pursuant to this Constitution or the Malaysia Act.
- The following principles shall as far as possible be taken into account in dividing any unit of review into constituencies pursuant to the provisions of Articles 116 and 117 -
- (a) while having regard to the desirability of giving all electors reasonably convenient opportunities of going to the polls, constituencies ought to be delimited so that they do not cross State boundaries and regard ought to be had to the inconvenience of State constituencies crossing the boundaries of federal constituencies;
- (b) regard ought to be to the administrative facilities available within the constituencies for the establishment of the necessary registration and polling machines;
- (c) the number of electors within each constituency in a State ought to be approximately equal except that, having regard to the greater difficulty of reaching electors in the country districts and the other disadvantages facing rural constituencies, a measure of weightage for area ought to be given to such constituencies;
- (d) regard ought to be had to the inconveniences attendant on alterations of constituencies, and to the maintenance of local ties.
- For the purposes of this Park, the number of electors shall be taken to be as shown on the current electoral rolls.
3A. For the purposes of this Part, in any review of constituencies for the purposes of election to the House of Representatives, the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur or the Federal Territory of Labuan, as the case may be, shall each be regarded as a State.
Part II - PROCEDURE FOR DELIMITATION OF CONSTITUENCIES
4. Where the Election Commission have provisionally determined to make recommendations under Clause (2) of Article 113 affecting any constituency, they shall inform the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Prime Minister accordingly, and shall publish in the Gazette and in at least on
newspaper circulating in the constituency a notice stating -
- (a) the effect of their proposed recommendations, and (except in a case where they propose to recommend that no alteration be made in respect of the constituency) that a copy of their recommendations is open to inspection at a specified place within the constituency; and
- (b) that representations with respect to the proposed recommendations may be made to the Commission within one month after the publication of such notice,
and the Commission shall take into consideration any representation duly made in accordance with any such notice.
5. Where, on the publication of the notice under section 4 of a proposed recommendation of the Election Commission for the alteration of any constituencies, the Commission receive and presentation objecting to the proposed recommendations from -
- (a) the State Government or any local authority whose area is wholly or partly comprised in the constituencies affected by the recommendation; or
- (b) a body of one hundred or more persons whose names are shown on the current electoral rolls of the constituencies in question,
the Commissions shall cause a local enquiry to be held in respect of those constituencies.
- In relation to any enquiry held under section 5 the Election Commission shall have all the powers conferred on Commissioners by the Commissions of Enquiry Act 1950.
- Where the Election Commission revise any proposed recommendations after publishing a notice thereof under section 4, the Commission shall comply again with that section in relation to the revised recommendations, as if no earlier notice had been published;
- ● Provided that is shall not be necessary to hold more than two local enquiries in respect of any such recommendations.
- The Election Commission shall, having completed the procedure prescribed by this Part, submit to the Prime Minister a report on constituencies showing -
- (a) the constituencies into which they recommend that each unit of review should be divided in order to give effect to the principles set out in section 2; and
- (b) the names by which they recommend that those constituencies shall be known,
or stating that in their opinion no alteration is required to be made in order to give effect to the said principles.
- As soon as may be after the Election Commission have submitted their report to the Prime Minister under section 8, he shall lay the report before the House of Representatives, together (except in a case where the report states that no alternation is required to be made) with the draft of an Order to be made under section 12 for giving effect, with or without modifications, to the recommendations contained in the report.
- If any draft Order referred to in section 9 is approved by the House of Representatives by resolution supported by the votes of not less than one-half of the total number of members of that House, the Prime Minister shall submit the draft Order to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- If a motion for the removal of any draft Order referred to in section 9 is rejected by the House of Representatives, or withdrawn by leave of the House, or is not supported by the votes of not less than one-half of the total number of members of the House, the Prime Minister may, after such consultation with the Election Commission as he may consider necessary, amend the draft and lay the amended draft before the House of Representative; and if the draft as so amended is approved by the House by a resolution supported by the votes of not less than one-half of the total number of members of the House, the Prime Minister shall submit the amended draft to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
- Where the draft of an Order is submitted to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong under this Part, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall make an Order in the terms of the draft submitted to him, and the Order shall come into force on such date as may be specified therein:
● Provided that the coming into force of any such Order shall not affect any election to the House of Representatives or a Legislative Assembly until the next dissolution of Parliament or the Assembly, as the case may be, occurring on or after the date.
NOTES
Art. 1:
The original Article as it stood on Merdeka Day read as follows;
● "1.
- (1) The Federation shall be known by the name of Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (in English the Federation of Malaya)
- (2) The States of the Federation are Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor and Terengganu (formerly known as the Malay States) and Malacca and Penang (formerly known as the Settlements of Malacca and Penang).
- (3) The territories of each of the States mentioned in Clause (2) are the territories of that State immediately before Merdeka Day."
Art. 1 (2):
The present Article without Clause (4) was inserted by Act 26/1963. s.4. in force from 16-9-1963 (i.e. when Malaysia was established). Act 59/1966 s.2. in force from 9-8-1965 (i.e. the date Singapore left Malaysia) amended Clause (2) by deleting therefrom para (c) which read as follows:
● "(c) the State of Singapore."
The present Clause (2) was substituted by Act A354, s. 2. in force from 27-8-1976. This Clause before its substitution by Act A.354 was amended by Act 26/1963, s.4. in force from 16-9-1963 (i.e. when Malaysia was established) read as follows:
● "(2) The States of the Federation shall be -
- (a) the States of Malaya, namely, Johore, Kedah, Kelanta, Malacca, Negeri, Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor and Terengganu;
- (b) the Borneo States, namely, Sabah and Sarawak; and
- (c) the State of Singapore."
Art. 1 (3):
The words "Subject to Clause (4)," were inserted before the words "The territories of each of the States" by Act A206, Schedule, in force from 1-2-1974.
Art. 1 (4):
1. The original Clause which was added by Act A206, Schedule, in force from 1-2-1974 (i.e. the date of the establishment of the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur) read as follows:
● "(4) The territory of the State of Salangor shall exclude the Federal Territory established under the Constitution (Amendment) (No.2) Act 1973."
2. Subsequently this Clause was amended by Act A566, s.2. (1), in force from 1-2-1974, by inserting the words, " and the Federal Territory shall be a territory of the Federation."
Section 2 (2) of Act A566 also provided w.e.f. 1-2-1974 that -
● "Any reference in the Constitution and any other written law to the Federation, Malaya, Malaysia, the States of the Federation, the State of Malaya, or West Malaysia, however used, whether or not used in conjunction with or as part of another, shall be construed to include a reference to the Federal Territory, unless there is a provision to the contrary or there is something in the subject or context inconsistent with or repugnant to such construction".
3. The present Clause was substituted by Act A585, a. 11, in force from 16-4-1984.
Art. 2:
See Art. 22, 113 (3), 159 (4) (bb).
Art. 3 (2):
- The words "States not having a Ruler" in line 1 were substituted for "Malacca and Penang" by Act 26/1963, s. 7 (1), in force from 16-9-1963.
- The words, "religion of Islam" were substituted for "Muslim religion" by Act A354, s. 45, in force from 27-8-1976.
Art. 3 (3):
The words "religion of Islam" were substituted for "Muslim religion" by Act A354, s. 45, in force from 27-8-1976. The words "States of Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak" were substituted for "States of Malacca and Penang" by Act A354, s.3. in force from 27-8-1976.
- Act 26/1963, s. 7(2), in force from 16-9-1963, substituted "Penang and Singapore" for "and Penang" Act 59/1966, s. 2, in force from 9-8-1965, restored the original version "and Penang".
- See Art. 5 of the Constitutions of the States of Malacca and Penang.
Art. 3 (5):
- Added by Act A206, Schedule, in force 1-2-1974 and amended by Act A354, s. 45, in force from 278-1976, substituted "religion of Islam" for "Muslim religion" and "Islamic" and "Muslim".
- The words "Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan" were substituted for the word "Territory" by Act A585, Schedule, in force from 16-4-1984.
Art: 4 (1);
See Art. 159A.
Art. 4 (3):
The words "in proceedings for a declaration that the law is invalid on that ground or "which appear before para. (a) were inserted by Act 26/1963, s. 40, in force from 16-9-1963.
Art. 4 (4):
Added by Act 26/1963, s. 40, in force from 16-9-1963.
Art. 5 (1):
See Art. 149 (1).
Art. 5 (2):
The words "a High Court" which appear in line 1 were substituted for "the Supreme Court" by Act 26/1963, s. 70. in force from 16-9-1963.
Art. 5 (4):
Proviso added by Act A354, s. 4, in force from 31-8-1957.
Art. 6 (4):
Added by Act A354, s. 5, in force from 27-8-1976.
Art. 8
See Art. 12.161A (5)
Clause (5) (c): The words "Malay Peninsula" were substituted for "Federation" by Act 26/1963, s. 70, in force from 16-9-1963.
Art. 9
See Art. 149 (1).
Clause (2):
- The words "Subject to Clause (3) and to any law relating to the security of the Federation or any part thereof" which appear at the commencement were substituted for the words "Subject to any restriction
- imposed by any law relating to the security of the Federation" by Act 26/1963, s. 60 (1) in force from 169-1963.
- See Art. 4 (2) (a).
Clause (3):
1. This Clause was added by Act 26/1963, s. 60 (1), in force from 16-9-1963. A proviso which was added at the same time was repealed by Act 59/1966, s. 2, in force from 19-9-1966. As it stood on the date of repeal, the proviso read as follows:
● "Provided that no restriction on the right of movement between the State of Singapore and the State of Malaya shall be imposed by virtue of this Clause except by a law relating to labour or education or to any matter in respect of which, because of the special position of the State of Singapore, it appears to Parliament to be desirable to prevent the enjoyment of rights both in the State of Singapore and in the States of Malaya."
- This Clause (3) applies to laws passed before Malaysia Day so as to impose restrictions with effect from Malaysia Day - Act 26/1963, s. 60 (2).
- The proviso to Clause (3) was amended by adding " and any such restriction shall apply reciprocally to the State of Malaya and the State of Singapore" at the end of the proviso by Act 19/1964, s. 2. in force from 30-7-1964.
Art. 10:
See Art. 149 (1)
Clause (1): The words "Subject to Clauses (2), (3) and (4)" substituted for "Subject to Clauses (2) and (3)" by Act A30, s. 2, in force from 10-3-1971.
Clause (2):
- The words " or any part thereof" which appear in paras (a), (b) and (c) after the word "Federation" were inserted by Act 26/1963, s. 60 (3), in force from 16-9-1963.
- See Art. 4 (2) (b). Clause (3) was added by Act 26/1963, s. 60 (4), in force from 16-9-1963, which also amended Clause
(1) by substituting the words "Clause (2) and (3)" for "Clause (2)" appearing at the commencement of the Clause.
Clause (4) added by Act A30, s. 2, in force from 10-3-1971.
Art. 11 (4):
- The words "and in respect of the Federal Territory, federal law" were inserted after "State law" in line 1 by Act A206, Schedule, in force from 1-2-1974. The words "religion of Islam" substituted for "Muslim religion" by Act A354, s. 45, in force from 27-8-1976.
- Subsequently the words "Territories" Kuala Lumpur and Labuan" were substituted for the word "Territory" by Act A585, Schedule, in force from 16-4-1984.
Art. 12 (2):
1. The present Clause (2) was inserted by Act A354, s. 6, in force from 27-8-1976 and replaced the earlier Clause which read as follows:
● "(2) Every religious group has the right to establish and maintain institutions for the education of children and provide therein instruction in its own religion, and there shall be no discrimination on the ground only of religion in any law relating to such institutions or in the administration of any such law, but federal law or State law may provide for special financial aid for the establishment or maintenance of Muslim institutions or the instruction in the Muslim religion of persons professing that religion."
2. The words "or State law" which appears in line five after "federal law" were inserted by Act 25/1963,
s. 2 (1), in force from 31-8-1957 vide s. 3 (3).
Art. 14
1. The present Article was inserted by Act 26/1963, s. 23, in force from 16-9-1963, but Clauses (1) (c),
(2) and (3), which are reproduced below, were repealed by Act 59/1966, s. 2, in force from 9-8-1965.
- "(1) (C) every citizen of Singapore.
- (2) Subject to the provisions of this Part, provision with respect to citizenship of Singapore may be made by the constitution of that State, and may be amended by laws passed by the Legislature of that State and approved by Act of Parliament.
- (3) Citizenship of Singapore shall not be severable from citizenship of the Federation, but a Singapore citizen by the loss of either shall lose the other also (subject to the provision made by this Part for the enrolment of a Singapore citizen as a citizen who is not a Singapore citizen)."
2. The earlier Article, as it stood at the date of repeal, read as follows:
● "14.
❍ (1) Subject to the following provision of this Article, the following persons are citizens by operation of law, that is to say:
- (a) every person who, immediately before Merdeka Day, was a citizen of the Federation by virtue of any of the provisions of the Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948, whether by operation of law or otherwise;
- (b) every person born within the Federation on or after Merdeka Day;
- (c) every person born outside the Federation on or after Merdeka Day whose father is a citizen at the time of the birth and either was born within the Federation or is at the time of the birth in service under the Government of the Federation or of a State;
- (d) every person born outside the Federation on or after Merdeka Day whose father is a citizen at the time of the birth, if the birth is registered at a Malayan Consulate or, in the case of any such person born within any prescribed territory , with the Federal Government, within one year of its occurrence, or within such longer period as the Federal Government may in any particular case allow.
For the purposes of paragraph (d) of this Clause "prescribed territory" means Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei or North Borneo, or any such other territory as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may by order prescribe for such purposes.
❍ (2) A person is not a citizen by virtue of paragraph (b) of Clause (1) if, at the time of his birth -
- (a) his father, not being a citizen of the Federation, possessed such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a sovereign power accredited to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong; or
- (b) case of a birth occurring in a place under occupation by the enemy, his father was an enemy alien; or
- (c) neither of his parents was a citizen of the Federation and neither of them was a permanent resident therein.
Provided that paragraph (c) of this Clause does not apply -
- (i) to any person born within the Federation before the date on which section 2 of the Constitution (Amendment) Act 1962 came into force;
- (ii) to any person if, as a result of the application of that paragraph, he would not be a citizen of any country.
- (3) For the purposes of this Article a person born on board a registered ship or aircraft shall be deemed to have been born in the place in which the ship or aircraft was registered, and a person born on board an unregistered ship or aircraft of the Government of any country shall be deemed to have been born in that Country.
- (4) For the purposes of paragraph (c) of Clause (2) a person shall be treated as having been at any time a permanent resident in the Federation if, but only if, he was then resident in the Federation and either -
- (a) he then had permission, granted without limit of time under any federal law, to reside there; or
- (b) it is certified by the Federal Government that he is to be treated for the purposes of the said paragraph (e) as a permanent resident in the Federation.
- (5) A certificate of the Federal Government that a person is or was excluded from the applications of paragraPH (C) of Clause (2) by paragraph (ii) of the proviso to that Clause shall be conclusive evidence of the matter certified.
Art. 15
1. The present Article was inserted by Act 26/1963, s. 25, in force from 16-9-1963, Act 59/1966, s. 2, in force from 9-8-1965, amended it -
- (a) by repealing Clause (6) which read as follows:
- ❍ "(6) In Clause (1) the words 'outside Singapore' shall not have effect in the case of a woman whose husband is a citizen by naturalisation under Clause (2) of Article 19."
- (b) by deleting the references to Singapore and Singapore citizens in Clauses (1) to (5). Clause (1): See Art. 24 (4), 26 (2), 28 (1) (b), 28A (3). Clause (3): See 2nd Sch. Pt III. s.18.
2. The original Article as it stood on Merdeka Day read as follows:
● "15
- (1) Subject to Article 18, any woman who is married to a citizen is entitle, upon making application to the registering authority, to be registered as a citizen.
- (2) Subject to Article 18, any person under the age of twenty-one years whose father is a citizen or, if deceased, was a citizen at the time of his death, is entitled, upon application made to the registering authority by his parent or guardian, to be registered as a citizen if that authority is satisfied that he is ordinarily resident in the Federation and is of good character.