Directiva 2001/110/CE del Consejo de 20 de diciembre de 2001 relativa a la miel, Unión Europea

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 37 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (¹),

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (²),

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (³),

Whereas:

(1)

Certain vertical directives relating to foods should be simplified in order to take account only of the essential requirements to be met by the products they cover in order that those products may move freely within the internal market, in accordance with the conclusions of the European Council held in Edinburgh on 11 and 12 December 1992, confirmed by those of the European Council in Brussels on 10 and 11 December 1993.

(2)

Council Directive 74/409/EEC of 22 July 1974 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to honey (⁴) was justified by the fact that differences between national laws on the definition of honey, the various types of honey and the characteristics required of it could result in conditions of unfair competition likely to mislead consumers, and thereby have a direct effect on the establishment and functioning of the common market.

(3)

Directive 74/409/EEC and its subsequent amendments consequently established definitions, specified the different types of honey which could be placed on the market under appropriate names, laid down common rules on composition and determined the main labelling information so as to ensure the free movement of these products within the Community.

(4)

For the sake of clarity Directive 74/409/EEC should be recast, in order to make rules on the conditions for the production and marketing of honey more accessible and to bring it into line with general Community legislation on foodstuffs, particularly legislation on labelling, contaminants and methods of analysis.

(1)

OJ C 231, 9.8.1996, p. 10.

(2)

OJ C 279, 1.10.1999, p. 91.

(3)

OJ C 56, 24.2.1997, p. 20.

(4)

OJ L 221, 12.8.1974, p. 10. Directive as last amended by the 1985 Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal.

(5)

The general food-labelling rules laid down in Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (⁵) should apply subject to certain conditions. In view of the close link between the quality of honey and its origin, it is indispensable that full information on those matters be available so that the consumer is not misled regarding the quality of the product. The particular consumer interests as regards the geographical characteristics of honey and full transparency in this regard necessitate that the country of origin where the honey has been harvested should be included in the labelling.

(6)

No pollen or other individual ingredient of honey is to be removed, unless that is inevitable when organic and inorganic foreign materials are removed. That process may be carried out by filtering. Where such filtering leads to the removal of a significant quantity of pollen, the consumer must be correctly informed to that effect by means of an appropriate indication on the label.

(7)

Honey the name of which includes indications concerning floral, vegetable, regional, territorial or topographical origin or specific quality criteria may not have filtered honey added to it. So that the transparency of the market may be improved, the labelling of filtered honeys and baker's honeys must be mandatory for every transaction on the bulk market.

(8)

As the Commission stressed in its communication to the European Parliament and the Council of 24 June 1994 on European apiculture, the Commission may adopt methods of analysis to ensure compliance with the compositional characteristics and additional specific statements for all honey marketed in the Community.

(9)

It is desirable to take account of the work achieved on a new Codex standard for honey, adjusted, as appropriate, to the specific requirements of the Community.

(10)

In accordance with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality established by Article 5 of the Treaty, the objective of laying down common definitions and rules for the products concerned and bringing the provisions into line with general Community legislation on foodstuffs cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of the nature of this Directive, be better achieved by the Community. This Directive does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve the said objective.

(5)

OJ L 109, 6.5.2000, p. 29.

(11)

The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission (¹).

(12)

To avoid creating new barriers to free movement, Member States should refrain from adopting, for the products in question, national provisions not provided for by this Directive,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

Article 1

This Directive shall apply to the products defined in Annex I. These products shall meet the requirements set out in Annex II.

Article 2

Directive 2000/13/EC shall apply to the products defined in Annex I, subject to the following conditions:

1. the term ‘honey’ shall be applied only to the product defined in Annex I, point 1, and shall be used in trade to designate that product;
2. the product names referred to in Annex I, points 2 and 3, shall apply only to the products defined therein and shall be used in trade to designate them. These names may be replaced by the simple product name ‘honey’, except in the case of filtered honey, comb honey, chunk honey or cut comb in honey and baker's honey.

However,

(a)

in the case of baker's honey, the words ‘intended for cooking only’ shall appear on the label in close proximity to the product name;

(b)

except in the case of filtered honey and baker's honey, the product names may be supplemented by information referring to:

—

floral or vegetable origin, if the product comes wholly or mainly from the indicated source and possesses the organoleptic, physico-chemical and microscopic characteristics of the source,

—

regional, territorial or topographical origin, if the product comes entirely from the indicated source,

—

specific quality criteria;

1. where baker's honey has been used as an ingredient in a compound foodstuff, the term ‘honey’ may be used in the product name of the compound food instead of the term ‘baker's honey’. However, in the list of ingredients, the term as referred to in Annex I, point 3, shall be used;
2. (a) the country or countries of origin where the honey has been harvested shall be indicated on the label.

However, if the honey originates in more than one Member State or third country that indication may be replaced with one of the following, as appropriate:

—

‘blend of EC honeys’,

—

‘blend of non-EC honeys’,

—

‘blend of EC and non-EC honeys’.

(b) For the purpose of Directive 2000/13/EC and in particular Articles 13, 14, 16 and 17 thereof, the particulars to be indicated according to subparagraph (a) shall be considered as indications according to Article 3 of that Directive.

Article 3

In the case of filtered honey and baker's honey, bulk containers, packs and trade documents shall clearly indicate the full product name, as referred to in Annex I, point 2(b)(viii), and point 3.

Article 4

The Commission may adopt methods to permit verification of compliance of honey with the provisions of this Directive. These methods shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 7(2). Until the adoption of such methods, Member States shall, whenever possible, use internationally recognised validated methods such as those approved by Codex Alimentarius to verify compliance with the provisions of this Directive.

Article 5

For the products defined in Annex I, Member States shall not adopt national provisions not provided for by this Directive.

Article 6

The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directive relating to the matters referred to below shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 7(2):

—

bringing this Directive into line with general Community legislation on foodstuffs,

—

adaptations to technical progress.

Article 7

1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Standing Committee on Foodstuffs (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Committee’) set up by Article 1 of Decision 69/414/EEC (²).
1. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply.
2. The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.
2. The Committee shall adopt its rules of procedure.

Article 8

Directive 74/409/EEC is hereby repealed with effect from 1 August 2003.

References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive.

Article 9

Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive before 1 August 2003. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.

The measures shall be applied so as to:

—

authorise the marketing of the products defined in Annex I if they conform to the definitions and rules laid down in this Directive, with effect from 1 August 2003;

—

prohibit the marketing of products which fail to conform to this Directive, with effect from 1 August 2004.

However, the marketing of products which fail to conform to this Directive and labelled before 1 August 2004 in accordance with Directive 74/409/EEC shall be permitted until stocks run out.

When Member States adopt these measures, these shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.

Article 10

This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

Article 11

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 20 December 2001.

For the Council

The President

C. PICQUÉ

NAMES, PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

1. Honey is the natural sweet substance produced by Apis mellifera bees from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of plant-sucking insects on the living parts of plants, which the bees collect, transform by combining with specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in honeycombs to ripen and mature.

2.

The main types of honey are as follows:

Honey obtained mainly from excretions of plant sucking insects (Hemiptera) on the living part of plants or secretions of living parts of plants;

(b) according to mode of production and/or presentation:

Honey stored by bees in the cells of freshly built broodless combs or thin comb foundation sheets made solely of beeswax and sold in sealed whole combs or sections of such combs;

(iv)

chunk honey or cut comb in honey
Honey which contains one or more pieces of comb honey;

(v)

drained honey
Honey obtained by draining decapped broodless combs;

(vi)

extracted honey
Honey obtained by centrifuging decapped broodless combs;

Honey obtained by pressing broodless combs with or without the application of moderate heat not exceeding 45 °C;

Honey obtained by removing foreign inorganic or organic matter in such a way as to result in the significant removal of pollen.

Honey which is (a) suitable for industrial uses or as an ingredient in other foodstuffs which are then processed and (b) may:

ANNEX II

COMPOSITION CRITERIA FOR HONEY

Honey consists essentially of different sugars, predominantly fructose and glucose as well as other substances such as organic acids, enzymes and solid particles derived from honey collection. The colour of honey varies from nearly colourless to dark brown. The consistency can be fluid, viscous or partly to entirely crystallised. The flavour and aroma vary, but are derived from the plant origin.

When placed on the market as honey or used in any product intended for human consumption, honey shall not have added to it any food ingredient, including food additives, nor shall any other additions be made other than honey. Honey must, as far as possible, be free from organic or inorganic matters foreign to its composition. With the exception of point 3 of Annex I, it must not have any foreign tastes or odours, have begun to ferment, have an artificially changed acidity or have been heated in such a way that the natural enzymes have been either destroyed or significantly inactivated.

Without prejudice to Annex I, point 2(b)(viii), no pollen or constituent particular to honey may be removed except where this is unavoidable in the removal of foreign inorganic or organic matter.

When placed on the market as honey or used in any product intended for human consumption, honey must meet the following composition criteria:

EL CONSEJO DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA,

Visto el Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea y, en particular, su artículo 37,

Vista la propuesta de la Comisión (¹),

Visto el dictamen del Parlamento Europeo (²),

Visto el dictamen del Comité Económico y Social (³),

Considerando lo siguiente:

(1)

De acuerdo con las conclusiones del Consejo Europeo de Edimburgo de los días 11 y 12 de diciembre de 1992, confirmadas por el Consejo Europeo de Bruselas de los días 10 y 11 de diciembre de 1993, conviene simplificar determinadas Directivas verticales en el ámbito de los productos alimenticios para limitarlas a los requisitos esenciales que deben cumplir tales productos, de manera que éstos puedan circular libremente en el mercado interior.

(2)

La Directiva 74/409/CEE del Consejo, de 22 de julio de 1974, relativa a la armonización de las legislaciones de los Estados miembros sobre la miel (⁴), se justificaba por el hecho de que las diferencias existentes entre las legislaciones nacionales sobre la definición de la miel, sus distintas variedades y las características a las que debe responder, podían crear condiciones de competencia desleal, lo que podía inducir a engaño a los consumidores, y repercutir por ello de forma directa en la realización y funcionamiento del mercado común.

(3)

La Directiva 74/409/CEE y sus modificaciones posteriores establecieron definiciones, especificaron las diferentes variedades de miel que podían ser puestas en el mercado con las denominaciones adecuadas, fijaron normas comunes sobre la composición y determinaron las principales menciones de etiquetado, para garantizar la libre circulación de los mencionados productos en la Comunidad.

(4)

Para una mayor claridad, conviene proceder a una refundición de la Directiva 74/409/CEE a fin de hacer más accesibles las normas sobre las condiciones de producción y comercialización de la miel y adaptarla a las disposiciones comunitarias generales aplicables a los productos alimenticios, especialmente a la relativas al etiquetado, los contaminantes y los métodos de análisis.

(5)

Las normas generales sobre etiquetado de los productos alimenticios que establece la Directiva 2000/13/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo (⁵), deben aplicarse

(1)

DO C 231 de 9.8.1996, p. 10.

(2)

DO C 279 de 1.10.1999, p. 91.

(3)

DO C 56 de 24.2.1997, p. 20.

(4)

DO L 221 de 12.8.1974, p. 10; Directiva cuya última modificación la constituye el Acta de adhesión de 1985.

(5)

DO L 109 de 6.5.2000, p. 29.

con arreglo a determinadas condiciones. Habida cuenta del estrecho vínculo existente entre la calidad de la miel y su origen, es indispensable garantizar una información completa sobre estos aspectos, a fin de no inducir a error a los consumidores en relación con la calidad del producto. Los intereses particulares de los consumidores en lo que se refiere a las características geográficas de la miel y una total transparencia al respecto requieren que se mencione en el etiquetado el país de origen en que se haya recolectado la miel.

(6)

No se podrá retirar de la miel el polen ni ninguno de sus componentes específicos, excepto cuando resulte inevitable en el proceso de eliminación de materia orgánica o inorgánica ajena a la miel. Dicha eliminación puede llevarse a cabo mediante filtrado. Cuando el filtrado conduzca a la eliminación de una importante cantidad de polen, será preciso informar de ello correctamente al consumidor mediante una mención adecuada en el etiquetado.

(7)

No puede añadirse miel filtrada a la miel cuya denominación se complete mediante indicaciones relativas a un origen floral o vegetal, regional, territorial o topográfico,

o mediante criterios de calidad específicos. A fin de mejorar la transparencia del mercado, el etiquetado de la miel filtrada o de la miel para uso industrial debe ser obligatorio para toda transacción en el mercado a granel.

(8)

Tal como señalaba en su Comunicación al Parlamento Europeo y al Consejo, de 24 de junio de 1994, sobre la situación de la apicultura europea, la Comisión podrá adoptar métodos de análisis armonizados que garanticen el cumplimiento de las características de composición y las indicaciones específicas adicionales para toda la miel comercializada en la Comunidad.

(9)

Conviene tener en cuenta los trabajos relativos a una nueva norma del Codex para la miel, ajustada, según proceda, a los requisitos específicos de la Comunidad.

(10)

De acuerdo con los principios de subsidiariedad y proporcionalidad establecidos en el artículo 5 del Tratado, los Estados miembros no pueden alcanzar de modo suficiente el objetivo de imponer definiciones y normas comunes para los productos contemplados y adaptar las disposiciones a la legislación comunitaria general aplicable a los productos alimenticios y, por tanto, a causa de la índole de la presente Directiva, este objetivo puede lograrse mejor a nivel comunitario. La presente Directiva no excede de lo necesario para alcanzar dicho objetivo.

(11)

Las medidas necesarias para la ejecución de la presente Directiva deben ser aprobadas con arreglo a lo dispuesto en la Decisión 1999/468/CE del Consejo, de 28 de junio de 1999, por la que se establecen los procedimientos para el ejercicio de las competencias de ejecución atribuidas a la Comisión (¹).

(12)

A fin de evitar la creación de nuevos obstáculos a la libre circulación, los Estados miembros deben abstenerse de adoptar, respecto a los productos contemplados, disposiciones nacionales no contempladas por la presente Directiva.

HA ADOPTADO LA PRESENTE DIRECTIVA:

Artículo 1

La presente Directiva se aplicará a los productos definidos en el anexo I. Estos productos deberán cumplir los requisitos del anexo II.

Artículo 2

La Directiva 2000/13/CE será aplicable a los productos definidos en el anexo I, con arreglo a las siguientes condiciones:

1) El término «miel» se aplicará solamente al producto definido en el punto 1 del anexo Iy deberá usarse en el comercio para designar a dicho producto.

2) Las denominaciones a que hacen referencia los puntos 2 y 3 del anexo Ise reservarán a los productos que en ellos se definen y se deberán utilizar en el comercio para designarlos. Estas denominaciones se podrán sustituir por la mera denominación «miel», salvo en los casos de la miel filtrada, la miel en panal, la miel con trozos de panal o el panal cortado en miel, y la miel para uso industrial.

No obstante,

a) en el caso de la miel para uso industrial, los términos «únicamente para uso culinario» aparecerán en la etiqueta en la proximidad inmediata de la denominación;

b) dichas denominaciones, salvo en los casos de la miel filtrada y de la miel para uso industrial, podrán verse completadas con indicaciones que hagan referencia:

—

al origen floral o vegetal, si el producto procede totalmente o en su mayor parte del origen indicado y si posee las características organolépticas, fisicoquímicas y microscópicas de dicho origen,

—

al origen regional, territorial o topográfico, si el producto procede enteramente del origen indicado,

—

a criterios de calidad específicos.