Loi de 2003 sur la concurrence loyale (loi n° 8 de 2003), République-Unie de Tanzanie

62(7);

''dominant position in a market'' has the meaning provided for in section 5 and ''dominance'' has a corresponding meaning.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 11

''EWURA'' means the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority.

''EWURA Act'' means the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Act, 200 1.''give effect to ,'' in relation to an agreement, includes do an act or thing

in pursuance of or in accordance with or enforce or purport to enforce.''goods'' include but not limited to;

(a)

ships, aircraft and vehicles;

(b)

animals, including fish;

(c)

minerals, trees and crops, whether on, under, or attached to land or not; and

(d)

gas and electricity.''intermediate goods'' means goods used as inputs in manufacturing. ''licence'' means a licence, permit or authority that allows the licensee to supply or acquire goods or services or to carry on any other activity. ''local government body'' means a body established by or under a law for the purposes of local government.''make'', in connection with an agreement, means make, enter into or arrive at. ''manufacture'' or ''manufacturing'' includes any artificial process which transforms goods in order to add value to them for the purpose of resale and any operation of packing or repacking not linked to a form of transportation within a single enterprise.''market'' has the meaning provided for in section 5. ''member'', in connection with the Commission, means the Chairman and any other member of the Commission. "merger'' means an acquisition of shares, a business or other assets, whether inside or outside Tanzania, resulting in the change of control of a business, part of a business or an asset of a business in Tanzania.''Minister'' means the Minister for the time being responsible for the Commission. "person'' means any natural or legal person, irrespective of its legal status. ''public register'' means the public register required to be kept by the Commission under section 77.

''regulatory body'' means any one of EWURA, SUMATRA, the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority, the Civil Aviation Authorityor such other utility or transport regulatory authorities;''sale'' includes an agreement to sell or offer for sale, and an

Act No.11 of 2001

12 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

"offer for sale'' shall be deemed to include the exposing of goods for sale, the furnishing of a quotation, whether verbally or in writing, andany other act or notification whatsoever by which willingness to enter into any transaction for sale is expressed.

"service'' includes any rights (including interests in, and rights in relation to, real or personal property), benefits, privileges or facilities and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes the rights, benefits, privileges or facilities provided, granted or conferred under any contract for or in relation to:

(a)

the performance of work, including work of a professional nature, whether with or without the supply of goods;

(b)

the provision of, or the use or enjoyment of facilities for, amusement, entertainment, recreation, education or instruction;

(c)

insurance;

(d)

banking;

(e)

the lending of money,and any right, benefit or privilege for which remuneration is payablein the form of a royalty, tribute, levy or similar charge, but does notinclude the performance of work or the supply of goods under a contract of employment

''State'' means the Mainland Tanzania.
"state body'' means:

(a)

a body corporate established by or under a law for a purpose of the State; or

(b)

a body corporate in which the State or a body corporate referred to in (a) has a controlling interest.''SUMATRA'' means the Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory

Authority.Act No.9 "SUMATRA Act '' means the Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory

of 2001

Authority Act, 2001.

supply includes:

(a)

in relation to goods, supply or re-supply by way of sale, exchange, lease, hire or hire purchase; and

(b)

in relation to services, provide, grant or confer,

and ''supplier'' has a corresponding meaning. ''trade'' includes commerce. ''Tribunal'' means the Fair Competition Tribunal established by section

83.

3. The object of this Act is to enhance the welfare of the people of Object of the Act

Tanzania as a whole by promoting and protecting effective competition in markets and preventing unfair and misleading market conductthroughout Tanzania in order to:

(a)

increase efficiency in the production, distribution and supply
of goods and services;

(b)

promote innovation;

(c)

maximise the efficient allocation of resources; and

(d)

protect consumers.

4.-(I) For the purposes of sections 8, 9 and I 0, if a body corporate _Bodies controls another body corporate, the bodies corporate shall be regarded corporate as a single person. ^under

common control to

(2) A body corporate shall control another body corporate within the meaning of sub-section (1) if the first-mentioned body corporate: ^be

regarded as a

(a) owns or controls a majority of the shares carrying the right

singleto vote at a general meeting of the other body corporate; person

for the

(b) has the power to control the composition of a majority of purposes

the board of directors or other governing organ of the other of sections

body corporate; or

8, 9, and

(c) has the power to make decisions in respect of the conduct ¹⁰ of the affairs of the other body corporate.

5.-(I) The expressions referred to under Part 11 in accordance to this Cornpeti

tion in

section shall be interpreted in accordance with this section.

markets and

(2). ''Competition'' means competition in a market in Tanzania and

dominant

refers to the process whereby two or more persons: position

(a) supply or attempt to supply the same or substitutable goods ^{in a}

market

or services to the persons in the same relevant
geographical market; or

(b)

acquire or attempt to acquire the same or substitutable goods
or services from the persons in the same relevant geographical
market.

(3)

A person is a competitor'' of another person if they are incompetition with each other or would, but for an agreement to which the two persons are parties, be likely to be in competition with each other.

14 No. 8 Fair Competition

(4)

''Market'' means a market in Tanzania or a part of Tanzania and refers to the range of reasonable possibilities for substitution in supply or demand between particular kinds of goods or services and between suppliers or acquirers, or potential suppliers or acquirers, of those goods or services.

(5)

In defining markets, assessing effects on competition or determining whether a person has a dominant position in a market, the following matters, in addition to other relevant matters, shall be taken into account:

(a)

competition from imported goods and services supplied by persons not resident or carrying on business in Tanzania; and

(b)

the economic circumstances of the relevant market including the market shares of persons supplying or acquiring goods or services in the market, the ability of those persons to expand their market shares and the potential for new entry into the

market.

(6)

A person has a dominant position in a market if both (a) and

(b)

apply:

(a)

acting alone, the person can profitably and materially restrain or reduce competition in that market for a significant period of time; and

(b)

the person's share of the relevant market exceeds 35 per cent.

^Applica-6.-(I) This Act shall apply to Mainland Tanzania, state bodies and

tion of

local government bodies in so far as they engage in trade.

the Act to Mainland

Tanzania, (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-sections (1), the State state shall not be liable to any fine or penalty under this Act or be liable to be

bodies

prosecuted for an offence against this Act.

and local govern

(3) For the purposes of this section, without affecting the meaning of ^ment ''trade '' in other respects

bodies

(a) the sale or acquisition of a business, part of a business or an asset of a business carried on by the State, a State body or a local government body constitutes engaging in trade; and

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(b)

the following do not constitute engaging in trade:

(i)

the imposition or collection of taxes;

(ii)

the grant or revocation of licences, permits and authorities;

(iii) the collection of fees for licences, permits and authorities;

(iv) internal transactions within the Government, a State body or a local government body.

Extra

7. This Act shall apply to conduct outside mainland Tanzania:

territorial

(a)

by a citizen of Tanzania or a person ordinarily resident in operation Tanzania;

(b)

by a body corporate incorporated in Tanzania or carrying on
business within Tanzania;

(c)

by any person in relation to the supply or acquisition of goods
or services by that person into or within Tanzania; or

(d)

by any person in relation to the acquisition of shares or other
assets outside Tanzania resulting in the change of control of
a business, part of a business or an asset of a business, in
Tanzania.

PART 11

RESTRICTIVE TRADE PRACTICES

Anti-

8.-(l) A person shall not make or give effect to an agreement if the

competi

object, effect or likely effect of the agreement is to appreciably prevent, restrict or distort competition. ^five

agreements

(2)

An agreement in contravention of this section is unenforceable except to the extent the provisions of the agreement causing it to be in contravention of the section are severable from the other provisions of the agreement.

(3)

Unless proved otherwise, it shall be presumed that an agreement does not have the object, effect or likely effect of appreciably preventing, restricting or distorting competition if none of the parties to the agreement has a dominant position in a market affected by the agree

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 16

ment and either (a) or (b) applies:

(a)

the combined shares of the parties to the agreement of each market affected by the agreement is 35 per cent or less; or

(b)

none of the parties to the agreement are competitors.

(4)

For the purposes of this section, in determining whether the effect or likely effect of an agreement is to appreciably prevent, restrict or distort competition, the fact that similar agreements are widespread in a market affected by the agreement shall be taken into account.

(5)

This section does not apply to an agreement to the extent it provides for a merger.

(6)

For the purposes of sub-section (1), an object is the object of an agreement if it is a significant object of the agreement even if it is only one of a number of objects of the agreement.

(7)

Any person who intentionally or negligently acts in contravention of the provisions of this section, commits an offence under this Act.

Prohibi-

9.-(I) A person shall not make or give effect to an agreement if the

tion of

object, effect or likely effect of the agreement is:

certain

(a) price fixing between competitors;

agree

ments (b) a collective boycott by competitors; or irrespec-(c) collusive bidding or tendering.

tive of their

(2) In this section:

effect on competi

_tion (a) ''price fixing between competitors'' means to fix, restrict or control the prices, tariffs, surcharges or other charges for, or the terms or conditions upon which, a party to an agreement supplies or acquires, or offers to supply or acquire, goods or services, in competition with any other party to the agreement;

(b) ''collective boycott by competitors'' means:

(i) to prevent a party to an agreement from supplying goods or services to particular persons, or acquiring goods or services from particular persons, in competition with any other party to the agreement; or

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 17

(ii)

to restrict or control the terms and conditions on which, or the circumstances in which, a party to an agreement supplies goods or services to particular persons, or acquires goods or services from particular persons, in competition with any other party to the agreement;

(c)

''output restrictions between competitors'' means to prevent,
restrict or control the production by a party to an agreement
of goods or services to be supplied in competition with any
other party to the agreement;

co

(d)

'' Collusive bidding or tendering'' means:

(i)

to fix or control the prices or terms or conditions of any bid or tender by any of the parties to an agreement at an auction or in any tender or other form of bidding, in competition with any other party to the agreement; or

(ii)

to prevent a party to an agreement from making a bid or tender at an auction or in any tender or other form of bidding, in competition with any other party to the agreement.

(3)

An agreement in contravention of this section is unenforceable except to the extent the provisions of the agreement causing it to be in contravention of the section are severable from the other provisions of the agreement.

(4)

Any person who intentionally or negligently acts in contravention of the provisions of this section, commits an offence, under this Act.

1O.-(1) A person with a dominant position in a market shall not Misuse use his position of dominance if the object, effect or likely effect of the of market

power

conduct is to appreciably prevent, restrict or distort competition.

(2) If the Commission has granted an exemption under section 12 for an agreement, conduct of a person in making or giving effect to that agreement is not prohibited by this section during the period of the exemption.

18 No. 8 Fair Competition

Mergers

and acquisitions

(3)

For the purposes of sub-section (1), an object is the object of conduct if it is a significant object of the conduct even if it is only one of a number of objects

(4)

Any person who intentionally or negligently acts in contravention of the provisions of this section, commits an offence.

11.-(1) A merger is prohibited if it creates or strengthens a position of dominance in a market.

(2)

A merger is notifiable under this section if it involves turnover or assets above threshold amounts the Commission shall specify from time to time by Order, in the Gazette, calculated in the manner prescribed in the Order.

(3)

if, within 14 days after receipt of a notification of a merger under sub-section (2), the Commission determines that the proposed merger should be examined, the merger shall be prohibited for a period of 90 days thereafter or such further period as the Commission determines under sub-section (4), unless the Commission earlier determines the merger should not be prohibited.

(4)

The Commission may extend the period of 90 days referred to insub-section (3)

(a)

for such further period not exceeding 30 days as the Commission sees fit; and

(b)

in addition, where the Commission determines its consideration of the merger has been delayed in obtaining information from any of the parties to the proposed merger, for such further period as the Commission considers it has been so delayed.

(5)

Without limiting the operation of sub-section (1), a person shall not give effect to a notifiable merger unless it has, at least 14 days before doing so, filed with the Commission a notification of the proposed merger supplying such information as the Commission may by Order require to be included in such notification.

,

r-

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 19

(6) Any person who intentionally or negligently acts in contravention of the provisions of this section, commits an offence under this Act.

12.-(I) The Commission may, upon the application of a party to an agreement, grant an exemption for that agreement, either unconditionally or subject to such conditions as the Commission sees fit, if the Commission is satisfied in all the circumstances that both paragraph (a) and

(b)

apply:

(a)

the agreement either contravenes section 9 or has, or is likely to have, the effect of appreciably preventing, restraining or distorting competition; and

(b)

the agreement results or is likely to result in benefits to the public in one or more of the following ways:

(i)

by contributing to greater efficiency in production or distribution;

(ii)

by promoting technical or economic progress;

(iii) by contributing to greater efficiency in the allocation of resources; or

(iv)

by protecting the environment;
and the agreement:

(v)

prevents, restrains or distorts competition no more than is reasonably necessary to attain the benefits; and

(vi)

the benefits to the public resulting from the agreement

outweigh the detriments caused by preventing,restraining or distorting competition.

(2)

The Commission may grant a block exemption, either unconditionally or subject to such conditions as the Commission sees fit, for all agreements falling within a class of agreements if the Commission is satisfied in all the circumstances that paragraph (a) of sub-section (1) shall not apply to the class of agreements.

(3)

When granting an exemption under this section, the Commission shall fix a period, not exceeding 5 years from the date the exemption is granted, as the period of the exemption.

(4)

An agreement exempted under this section is not prohibited by section 8 or section 9 during the period of the exemption.

Exemp

tion of agreements by the

Commis

sion

20 No. 8 Fair Competition

Exemption of mergers

(5)

For the purposes of this section, ''agreement'' includes proposed agreement and 'party' includes party to a proposed agreement.

(6)

The Commission may revoke or vary an exemption at any time during the period of the exemption if it is satisfied that circumstances since the grant of the exemption have materially changed or the exemption was granted wholly or partly on the basis of false, misleading or incomplete information.

13.-(I) The Commission may, upon the application of a party to a merger, grant an exemption for that merger, either unconditionally or subject to such conditions as the Commission sees fit, if the Commission is satisfied in all the circumstances that paragraph (a) and either paragraph (b) or (c) applies:

(a)

the merger is likely to create or strengthen a position of dominance in a market;

(b)

the merger results or is likely to result in benefits to the public in one or more of the following ways:

(i)

by contributing to greater efficiency in production or distribution;

(ii)

by promoting technical or economic progress;

(iii) by contributing to greater efficiency in the allocation of resources; or

(iv)

by protecting the environment and the merger:

(v)

prevents, restrains or distorts competition no more than is reasonably necessary to attain those benefits; and

(vi)

the benefits to the public resulting from the merger

outweigh the detriments caused by preventing,restraining or distorting competition;

(c) in the case of a merger resulting in the change of control of a business, the business faces actual or imminent financial failure and the merger offers the least anti-competitive alternative use of the assets of the business.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 21

(2)

When granting an exemption under this section the Commission shall fix a period, not exceeding one year from the date the exemption is granted, as the period of the exemption.

(3)

A merger exempted under this section is not prohibited by section I 1 during the period of the exemption.

(4)

The Commission may revoke or vary an exemption at any time during the period of the exemption if it is satisfied that circumstances since the grant of the exemption have materially changed or the exemption was granted wholly or partly on the basis of false, misleading or incomplete information.

14.-(l) This Part shall not prohibit an agreement to the extent it Exceprelates to the remuneration, conditions of employment, hours of work or tions working conditions of employees.

(2)

This Part shall not prohibit an agreement to the extent it provides for compliance with or application of standards of dimension, design, quality or performance prepared or approved by the Tanzania Bureau of Standards or any other association, institution or body prescribed by regulations.

(3)

This Part shall not prohibit an agreement to the extent it relates to the export of goods from Tanzania or the supply of services outside Tanzania if such particulars of the agreement as the Commission may by Order require are filed with the Commission within 21 days after it is made.

(4)

Sub-section (3) shall cease to apply to an agreement if the Commission decides the agreement may have an effect on competition in Tanzania and notifies the parties to the agreement of that decision.

(5)

If it is necessary to do so in order to comply with the obligations of the United Republic under an agreement with the government of another country, the particular agreement or conduct, or agreements or conduct of particular kind, shall be excluded from the prohibitions in this Part.

22 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

PART III

MISLEADING AND DECEPTIVE CONDUCT

Mislead-15.-(I) No person shall, in trade, engage in conduct that is mislead

^{ing or} ing or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive.

deceptive

^conduct (2) Nothing in this Part shall be taken as limiting by implication the generality of subsection (1).

16. No person shall, in connection with supply or possible supply of

False or

mislead-goods or services or in connection with the promotion by any means of

ing the supply or use of goods or services:

represent

tations (a) falsely represent that goods are of a particular standard, quality, grade, composition, style or model or have had a particular history or particular previous use;

(b)

falsely represent that services are of a particular standard quality or grade;

(c)

falsely represent that goods are new;

(d)

falsely represent that a particular person has agreed to acquire goods or services;

(e)

represent that goods or services have sponsorship, approval, performance characteristics, accessories, uses or benefits they do not have;

(f)

represent that he has a sponsorship, approval or affiliation he does not have;

(g)

make a false or misleading representation with respect to theprice of goods or services;

(h)

make a false or misleading representation concerning the availability of facilities for the repair of goods or of spare parts for goods;

(i)

make a false or misleading representation concerning the place of origin of goods;

0) make a false or misleading representation concerning the need for any goods; or

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 23

(k) make a false or misleading representation concerning the existence, exclusion or effect of any condition, warranty,guarantee right or remedy.

17. No person shall, in connection with the supply or possible supply Cash

price to

of goods or services or in connection with the promotion by any means

be stated

of the supply or use of goods or services, make a representation with

in certain

respect to an amount that, if paid, would constitute a part of the circurn

consideration for the supply of the goods or services unless he also stances

specifies the cash price for the goods or services.

18. No person shall engage in conduct that is liable to mislead the Misleading public as to the nature, the manufacturing process, the characteristics, conduct

in rela

the suitability for their purpose or the quantity of any goods.

tion to goods

19. No person shall, engage in conduct that is liable to mislead the Mislead-public as to the nature, the characteristics, the suitability for their purpose ing

conduct

or the quantity of any services.

in relation to services

Mislead

20.-(I) No person shall, make a representation that is false or misleading in a material particular concerning the profitability or risk or^ing

represen

any other material aspect of any business activity that he has represented

tations

as one that can be, or can be to a considerable extent, carried on at or

about

from a person's place of residence.

certain business activities

(2) Where a person, invites, whether by advertisement or otherwise,persons to engage or participate, or to offer or apply to engage orparticipate, in a business activity requiring the performance by thepersons concerned of work, or the investment of moneys by the personsconcerned and the performance by them of work associated with theinvestment, he shall not make, with respect to the profitability or risk orany other material aspect of the business activity, a representation that isfalse or misleading in the material particular.

24 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

Applica

21.-(I) This Part does not apply to a prescribed publication of matter

tion of

by a prescribed information provider, other than:

provisions of Part III to (a) a publication of matter in connection with: pre

_scribed (i) the supply or possible supply of goods or services; or informa

_tion (ii) the promotion by any means of the supply or use of _providers goods or services, where:

(iii) the goods or services were relevant goods or services, in relation to the prescribed information provider; or

(iv)

the publication was made on behalf of, or pursuant to a contract, arrangement or understanding with:

(a)

a person who supplies goods or services of that kind; or

(b)

body corporate that is related to a body corporate that supplies goods or services of that kind; or

(b)

a publication of an advertisement.

(2)

For the purposes of this section, a publication by a prescribedinformation provider is a prescribed publication if

(a)

in any case - the publication was made by the prescribed information provider in the course of carrying on a business of providing information; or

(b)

in the case of a person who is a prescribed information provider by virtue of paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of the definition of prescribed information provider in sub-section (3) (whether or not the person is also a prescribed information provider by virtue of another operation of that definition) - the publication was by way of radio or television broadcast by the prescribedinformation provider.

(3)

In this section: ''prescribed information provider'' means a person who carries on a

business of providing information.''relevant goods or services'' in relation to a prescribed information

2003 25

No. 8 Fair Competition

provider, means goods or services of a kind supplied by the prescribedinformation provider or, where the prescribed information provider is a body corporate, by a body corporate that is related to the prescribed information provider.

PART IV

UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES

22.-(I) No person shall advertise goods or services for supply at a specified price if there are reasonable grounds, of which he is aware, or ought reasonably to be aware, for believing that he will not be able to offer for supply those goods or services at that price for a period that is, and in quantities that are, reasonable having regard to the nature of the market in which he carries on business and the nature of the advertisement.

(2)

Any person who has, in trade, advertised goods or services for supply at a specified price shall offer such goods or services for supply at that price for a period that is, and in quantities that are, reasonable having regard to the nature of the market in which he carries on business and the nature of the advertisement.

(3)

In a prosecution of a person in relation to a failure to offer goods or services to a person (in this sub-section referred to as the 'customer') in accordance with sub-section (2), it is a defence for that person if he establishes that:

(a)

he offered to supply or to procure another person to supply goods or services of the kind advertised to the customer within a reasonable time, in a reasonable quantity and at the advertised price; or

(b)

he offered to supply immediately, or to procure another person to supply within a reasonable time, equivalent goods or services to the customer in a reasonable quantity and at the price at which the first-mentioned ''goods'' or ''services'' were advertised, and, in either case, where the offer was accepted by the customer, he has so supplied, or procured another person to supply, goods or services.

Bait Advertis

ing

Accept

23. No person shall accept payment or other consideration for

ing

goods or services where, at the time of the acceptance:

payment without intending (a) he intends:

^{or being} (i) not to supply the goods or services; or

able to

(ii) to supply goods or services materially different from

supply as

_ordered the goods or services in respect of which the payment or other consideration is accepted; or

(b) there are reasonable grounds, of which he is aware or ought reasonably to be aware, for believing that he will not be able to supply the goods or services within the period specified by him or, if no period is specified, within a reasonable time.

Harass

24. No person shall use physical force or undue harassment or

ment and

coercion in connection with the supply or possible supply of goods or

coercion

services to a consumer or the payment for goods or services by a consumer.

PART V

UNCONSCIONABLE CONDUCT

^Uncon-25.-(I) No person shall, in connection with the supply or possiblescionable

supply of goods or services to a person, engage in conduct that is, in all

conduct

the circumstances, unconscionable.

(2)

Without in any way limiting the matters to which the Court mayhave regard for the purpose of determining whether a person has contravened sub-section (1) in connection with the supply or possible supplyof goods or services to a person (in this sub-section referred to as the'consumer'), the Court may have regard to:

(a)

the relevant strengths of the bargaining positions of the person and the consumer;

(b)

whether, as a result of conduct engaged in by the person, the consumer was required to comply with conditions that were not reasonably necessary for the protection of the legitimate interests of the supplier;

(c)

whether the consumer was able to understand any documents relating to the supply or possible supply of the goods or services;

(d)

whether any undue influence or pressure was exerted on, or any unfair tactics were used against, the consumer or a person acting on behalf of the consumer by the person in relation to the supply or possible supply of the goods or services; and

(e)

the amount for which, and the circumstances under which, the consumer could have acquired identical or equivalent goods or services from a person other than a body corporate.

(3)

A person shall not be taken for the purposes of this section to engage in unconscionable conduct in connection with the supply or possible supply of goods or services to a person by reason only that he

P institutes legal proceedings in relation to that supply or possible supply or refers a dispute or claim in relation to that supply or possible supply to arbitration.

(4)

For the purposes of determining whether a person has contravened sub-section (1) in connection with the supply or possible supply of goods or services to a person:

(a)

the Court shall not have regard to any circumstances that were

not reasonably forceable at the time of the alleged contravention; and

(b)

the Court may have regard to conduct engaged in, or circumstances existing, before the commencement of this section.

(5)

A reference in this section to goods or services is a reference to goods or services of a kind ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household use or consumption.

(6)

A reference in this section to the supply or possible supply of goods does not include a reference to the supply or possible supply of goods for the purpose of re-supply or for the purpose of using them up or transforming them in trade or commerce.

28 No. 8 Fair Competition

PART VI

IMPLIED CONDITIONS IN CONSUMER CONTRACTS

^Conflict 26.-(l) Where: of laws

(a)

the proper law of a contract for the supply by any person of goods or services to a consumer would, but for a term that it should be the law of some other country or a term to the like effect, be the law of any part of the United Republic; or

(b)

a contract for the supply by any person of goods or services to a consumer contains a term that purports to substitute, or has the effect of substituting, provisions of the law of some other country for all or any of the provisions of this Part.

(2)

This Part shall apply to any type of contract made or entered between parties under this Act.

Applica

27.-(I) Any term of a contract (including term that is not set out in

tion of

the contract but is incorporated in the contract by another term of the

provi

contract) that purports to exclude, restrict or modify has the effect of

sions not

to be excluding, restricting or modifying:

excluded

(a) the application of all or any of the provisions of this Part; ^or (b) the exercise of a right conferred by such a provision;

modified

(C)

any liability of the person for breach of a condition or warranty implied by such a provision; or

(d)

the application of section 35, is void.

(2)

A term of a contract shall not be taken to exclude, restrict or modify the application of a provision of this Part or the application of section 35 unless the term does so expressly or is inconsistent with that provision or section.

Limita-28.-(I) Subject to this section, a term of a contract for the supply by tion of a person of goods or services other than goods or services of a kind

liability

ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household use or consump^for tion is not void under this section by reason only that the term limits his

breach of

liability for a breach of a condition or warranty (other than a condition

certain

condi-or warranty implied by section 29) to:

tions or

warran-(a) in the case of goods: ^ties (i) the replacement of the goods or the supply of equivalent goods;

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 29

(ii) the payment of the cost of replacing the goods or of acquiring equivalent goods;

(iii) the payment of the cost of having the goods repaired; or

(b)

in the case of services:

(i)

the supplying of the services again; or

(ii)

the payment of the cost of having the services supplied again.

(2)

The provisions of sub-section (1) do not apply in relation to a term of a contract if the person to whom the goods or services were supplied establishes that it is not fair or reasonable for the supplier to rely on that term of the contract.

(3)

In determining for the purposes of sub-section (2) whether or not reliance on a term of a contract is fair or reasonable, a court shall have regard to all the circumstances of the case and in particular to the following matters:

(a)

the strength of the bargaining positions of the supplier and the person to whom the goods or services were supplied, in this sub-section referred to as 'the buyer' relative to each other, taking into account, among other things, the availability of equivalent goods or services and suitable alternative sources of supply;

(b)

whether the buyer received an inducement to agree to the term or, in agreeing to the term, had an opportunity of acquiring the goods or services or equivalent goods or services from any source of supply under a contract that did not include that term;

(c)

whether the buyer knew or ought reasonably to have known of the existence and extent of the term, having regard, among other things, to any custom of the trade and any previous course of dealing between the parties; and

(d)

in the case of the supply of goods, whether the goods were manufactured, processed or adapted to the special order of the buyer.

30 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

Implied 29.-(I) Where in a contract for the supply of goods by a supplier to

undertak

a consumer, other than a contract to which sub-section (3) applies,

ings as to

there is:

title, encum

(a) an implied condition that, in the case of a supply by way of

brances

sale, the supplier has a right to sell the goods, and, in the case

and quiet

posses-of an agreement to sell or a hire-purchase agreement, the sion supplier will have a right to sell the goods at the time when the property is to pass;

(b)

an implied warranty that the consumer will enjoy quiet possession of the goods except so far as it may lawfully be disturbed by the supplier or by another person who is entitled to the benefit of any charge or encumbrance disclosed or known to the consumer before the contract is made; and

(c)

in the case of a contract for the supply of goods under which the property is to pass or may pass to the consumer-implied warranty that the goods are free, and will remain free until the time when the property passes, from any charge or encumbrance not disclosed or known to the consumer before the contract is made.

(2)

A person is not, in relation to a contract for the supply of goods, in breach of the implied warranty referred to in paragraph (c) of subsection (1) by reason only of the existence of a floating charge over assets of the supplier unless and until the charge becomes fixed and enforceable by the person to whom the charge is given.

(3)

In a contract for the supply of goods by the supplier to a consumer in the case of which there appears from the contract or is to be inferred from the circumstances of the contract an intention that the supplier should transfer only such title as he or a third person may have, there is:

(a)

an implied warranty that all charges of encumbrances known to the supplier and not known to the consumer have been disclosed to the consumer before the contract is made; and

(b)

an implied warranty that:

(i)

the supplier;

No 8 Fair Competition 2003

(ii) in a case where the parties to the contract intend that the supplier should transfer only such title as a third person may have - that person; and

(iii) any one claiming through or under the supplier or thatthird person otherwise than under a charge or encumbrance disclosed or known to the consumer before the contract is made,

will not disturb the consumer's quiet possession of the goods.

30.-(I) Where there is a contract for the supply, otherwise than by way of sale, by auction, by a person in the course of a business of goods to a consumer by description, there is an implied condition that goods will correspond with the description, and, if the supply is by reference to a sample as well as by description, it is not sufficient that the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the description.

(2) A supply of goods is not prevented from being a supply by description for the purposes of sub-section (1) by reason only that, being exposed for sale or hire, they are selected by the consumer.

31.-(l) Where a person supplies, otherwise than by way of sale, by auction, goods to a consumer in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract for the supply of the goods are of merchantable quality, except that there is no such condition by virtue only of this section:

(a)

as regards defects specifically drawn to the consumer's attention before the contract is made; or

(b)

if the consumer examines the goods before the contract is made, as regards defects which that examination ought to reveal.

(2)

Where a person supplies otherwise than by way of sale, by auction goods to a consumer in the course of a business and the consumer, expressly or by implication, makes known to the person by whom any antecedent negotiations are conducted any particular purpose for which the goods are being acquired, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract for the supply of the goods are reasonably fit for that purpose, whether or not that is a purpose for which such goods are commonly supplied, except where the circumstances show that the consumer does not rely, or that it is unreasonable for him to rely, on the skill or judgment of that person.

Supply by description

Implied undertak

ings as to quality and

fitness

32 No. 8 Fair Competition

(3) Sub-sections (1) and (2) shall apply to a contract for the supply of goods made by a person who in the course of a business is acting as agent for another person as they apply to a contract for the supply of goods made by a person in the course of a business, except where that person is not supplying in the course of a business and either the consumer knows that fact or reasonable steps are taken to bring it to the notice of the consumer before the contract is made.

supply 32. Where in a contract for the supply, other-wise than by way of

by supply by sale by auction by a person in the course of a business ofsample

goods to a consumer there is a term in the contract, expressed or implied, to the effect that the goods are supplied by reference to a sample:

(a)

there is an implied condition that the bulk will correspond with the sample in quality;

(b)

there is an implied condition that the consumer will have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample; and

(c)

there is an implied condition that the goods will be free from any defect, rendering them unmerchantable, that would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample.

Liability 33.-(I) Where: for loss

^or (a) a person, in this section referred to as the 'supplier' supplies

damage

_from goods, or causes goods to be supplied, to a linked certain breach of credit provider of the supplier and a contracts consumer enters certain into a contract with the linked credit provider for the provision

contracts

of credit in respect of the supply by way of sale, lease, hire or hire purchase of the goods to the consumer; or

(b) a consumer enters into a contract with a linked credit provider of a supplier for the provisions of credit in respect of the supply by the supplier of goods or services, or goods and services, to the consumer;

and the consumer suffers loss or damage as a result of misrepresentation, breach of contract, or failure of consideration

No . 8 Fair Competition 2003 33

in relation to the contract, or as a result of a breach of a condition that is implied in the contract by virtue of sections 30, 3 land 32 or of a warranty that is implied in the contract by virtue of section 34, the supplier and the linked credit provider are, subject to this section; jointly and severally liable to the consumer for the amount of the loss or damage, and the consumer may recover that amount by action in accordance with this section in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(2)

Where:

(a)

a supplier supplies goods, or causes goods to be supplied, to a credit provider who is not a linked credit provider of the supplier;

(b)

a consumer enters into a contract with the credit provider for the provision of credit in respect of the supply by way of sale, lease, hire or hire-purchase of the goods to the consumer;

(c)

antecedent negotiations in relation to the contract were conducted with the consumer by or on behalf of the supplier; and

(d)

the credit provider did not take physical possession of the

goods before they were delivered to the consumer; or where a consumer enters into a contract with a credit provider for the provision of credit in respect of the supply of services to the consumer by a supplier of which the credit provider is not a linked credit provider, and the consumer suffers loss or damage as a result of a breach of a condition that is implied in the contract by virtue of sections 30, 31 and 32 or of a warranty that is implied in the contract by virtue of section 34, the credit provider is not under any liability to the consumer for the amount of the loss or damage but the consumer may recover that amount by action in a court of competent jurisdiction against the supplier.

(3)

A linked credit provider of a particular supplier is not liable to aconsumer by virtue of sub-section (1) in proceedings arising under thatsub-section if the credit provider establishes:

(a)

that the credit provided by the credit provider to the consumer was the result of an approach made to the credit provider by the consumer that was not induced by the supplier;

34 No. 8 Fair Competition

(b) where the proceedings relate to the supply by way of lease, hire or hire-purchase of goods by the linked credit provider to the consumer, that:

G) after due inquiry before becoming a linked credit provider of the supplier, the credit provider was satisfied that the reputation of the supplier in respect of the suppliers financial standing and business conduct was good;and

(ii) after becoming a linked credit provider of the supplierthe credit provider had not had cause to suspect that

(aa) the consumer might be entitled to recover an amount of loss or damage suffered as a result of misrepresentation or breach of a condition or warranty referred to in sub-section (1); and

(bb) the supplier might be unable to meet the liabilities of the supplier liabilities as and when they fall due;

(c) where the proceedings relate to a contract of sale with respect to which a tied loan contract applies, that:

G) after due inquiry before becoming a linked credit provider of the supplier, the credit provider was satisfied that the reputation of the supplier in respect of the supplier's financial standing and business conduct was good;and

(ii) after becoming a linked credit provider of the supplier, but before the tied loan contract was entered into, the linked credit provider had not had cause to suspect that:

(aa) the consumer might, if the contract was entered '' into, be entitled to recover an amount of loss or damage suffered as result of misrepresentation, breach of contract or failure of consideration in relation to the contract or as a result of a breach of a sub-section (1); and

No 8 Fair Competition 2003 35

(bb) the supplier might be unable to meet the liabilities of the suppliers as and when they fall due; or

(d) where the proceedings relate to a contract of sale with respect to which a tied continuing credit contract entered into by the linked credit provider applies, that, having regard to:

G) the nature and volume of business carried on by the linked credit provider; and

(ii) such other matters as appear to be relevant in the circumstances of the case;

the linked credit provider, before becoming aware of the contract

of sale or of proposals for the making of the contract of sale,

whichever the linked credit provider first became aware of, had no

cause to suspect that a person entering into such a contract with

the supplier might be entitled to claim damages against, or recover

a sum of money from, the supplier for misrepresentation, breach

of contract, failure of consideration, breach of a condition or breach

of a warranty as referred to in sub-section (1).

(4)

Subject to sub-section (5), in any proceedings in relation to a contract referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1) in which a credit provider claims damages or an amount of money from a consumer, the consumer may set up the liability of the credit provider under subsection (1) in diminution or extinction of the consumers liability.

(5)

Subject to sub-section (6), a consumer may not, in respect of a liability for which, by reason of this section, a supplier and a linked credit provider are jointly and severally liable:

(a)

bring proceedings to recover an amount of loss or damage from the credit provider; or

(b)

where proceedings are brought against the consumer by the credit provider, make a counter claim or exercise the right conferred by sub-section (4) against the credit provider:

unless the consumer brings the action against the supplier and the

36 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

credit provider jointly or, in the case of a counter claim or right conferred by sub-section (4), claims in the proceedings against the supplier in respect of the liability by third party proceedings or otherwise.

(6)

Sub-section (5), paragraph (a) of subsections (8) and (9)(a) do not apply in relation to proceedings where:

(a)

the supplier has been dissolved or is commenced to be wound up; or

(b)

in the opinion of the court in which the proceedings are taken, it is not reasonably likely that a judgement obtained against the supplier would be satisfied and the court has, on the application of the consumer, declared that sub-section (5) and paragraphs (a) of sub-section (8) and paragraph (a) of subsection (9) do not apply in relation to the proceedings.

(7)

The liability of a linked credit provider to a consumer for damages or a sum of money in respect of a contract referred to in sub-section

(1)

does not exceed the sum of

(a)

the amount financed under the tied loan contract, tied continuing credit contract, lease contract, contract of hire or contract of hire purchase;

(b)

the amount of interest (if any) or damages in the nature of interest allowed or awarded against the linked credit provider by the court; and

(C)

the amount of costs (if any) awarded by the court against the linked credit provider or supplier or both.

(8)

Wherein proceedings arising under sub-section (1), judgement is given against a supplier and a linked credit provider, the judgement:

(a)

shall not be enforced against the linked credit provider unless a written demand made on the supplier for satisfaction of the judgement has remained unsatisfied for not less than thirty days;and

(b)

may be enforced against the linked credit provider only tothe extent of,

No 8 Fair Competition 2003 37

(i)

the amount calculated in accordance with sub-section (7); or

(ii)

so much of the judgement debt as has not been satisfied

by the supplier;
whichever is the lesser.

V) Unless the linked credit provider and supplier otherwise agree,

supplier is liable to the linked credit provider for the amount of a loss suffered by the linked credit provider, being an amount not exceeding the maximum amount of the linked credit provider's liability under sub-section (7) and, unless the court otherwise determines, the amount of costs (if any) reasonably incurred by the linked credit provider in defending the proceedings by reason of which the liability was incurred.

(10)

Notwithstanding any other law, where in proceedings arising under sub-section (1) judgement is given against a supplier and a linked credit provider or against a linked credit provider for an amount of loss or damage, the court in which the proceedings are taken shall, on the application of the consumer, unless good cause is shown to the contrary, award interest to the consumer against the supplier and credit provider or against the credit provider, as the case may be, upon the whole or part of the amount, from the time when the consumer became entitled to recover the amount until the date on which the judgement is given, at whichever of the following rates is the greater:

(a)

where the amount payable by the consumer to the credit provider for the reason of obtaining credit in connection with the goods or services to which the proceedings relate may be calculated at a percentage rate per annum - that rate or, if more than one such rate may be calculated, the lower or lowest of those rates;

(b)

eight percent or such other rate as is prescribed.

(I 1) In determining whether good cause is shown against awarding interest under sub-section (I 0) on the whole or part of an amount of loss or damage, the court shall take into account any payment made into court by the supplier or credit provider.

38 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(12) Where a judgement given in proceedings arising under sub-seetion (1) is enforced against a linked credit provider of a particular supplier, the credit provider is subrogated to the extent of the judgement so enforced to any rights that the consumer would have had but for the judgement against the supplier or any other person.

(I 3) In this section: "credit provider'' means a person, providing, or proposing to provide, in

the course of a business carried on by him, credit to consumers in relation to the acquisition of goods or services;

''linked credit provider'', in relation to a supplier, means a credit provider:

(a) with whom the supplier has a contract, arrangement or understanding relating to:

G) the supply to the supplier of goods in which the supplier deals;

(ii) the business carried on by the supplier of supplying goods or services; or

(iii) the provision to persons to whom goods or services are supplied by the supplier of credit in respect of payment for those goods or services;

(b)

to whom the supplier, by arrangement with the credit provider, regularly refers persons for the purpose of obtaining credit;

(c)

whose forms of contract or forms of application or offers for credit are, by arrangement with the credit provider, made available to persons by the supplier; or

(d)

with whom the supplier has a contract, arrangement orunderstanding under which contracts or applications or offers for credit from the credit provider may be signed by persons at premises of the supplier.

''tied continuing credit contract'' means a continuing credit contract under which a credit provider provides credit in respect of the payment by a consumer for goods or services supplied by a supplier in relation to whom the credit provider is a linked credit provider;

^{No 8} Fair Competition 2003 39

"tied loan contract'' means a loan contract entered into between a credit provider and a consumer where:

(a)

the credit provider knows or ought reasonably to know that the consumer enters into the loan contract wholly or partly for the purposes of payment for goods or services supplied by a supplier; and

(b)

at the time the loan contract is entered into the credit provider as a linked credit provider of the supplier.

34.-(I) In every contract for the supply by a supplier in the course of

business of services to a consumer there is an implied warranty thatthe services will be rendered with due care and skill and that any mate-rials supplied in connection on or with those services will be reasonablyAt for the purpose for which are supplied.

(2) Where a person supplies services, other than services of a profes

sional nature provided by a qualified architect or engineer, to a consumer in the course of a business and the consumer, expressly or by implication, makes known to him any particular purpose for which the services are required or the result that he desires the services to achieve,there is an implied warranty that the services supplied under the contract for the supply of the services and any materials supplied in connection with those services will be reasonably fit or are of such a nature and quality that they, for that purpose, might reasonably be expected to achieve that result, except where the circumstances show that the consumer does not rely, or that it is unreasonable for him to rely on, theperson's skill or judgment.

(3)

A reference in this section to services does not include a reference to services that are, or are to be, provided, granted or conferred under:

(a)

a contract for or in relation to the transportation or storage of goods for the purposes of a business, trade, profession or occupation carried on or engaged in by the person for whom the goods are transported or stored; or

(b)

a contract of insurance.

Warran

ties in

relation to the supply of services

I

40 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

Rescission 35.-(I) Where: of

contracts (a) a person supplies goods to a consumer in the course of a business; and

(b) there is a breach of a condition that is, by virtue of a provision in this Part, implied in the contract for the supply of the goods, the consumer is, subject to this section, entitled to rescind the contract by:

G) causing to be served on the supplier a notice in writing signed by him giving particulars of the breach; or

(ii)

causing the goods to be returned to the supplier and giving to him either orally or in writing, particulars of the breach.

(2)

Where a consumer purports to rescind under this section a contract for the supply of goods by any person, the purported rescission does not have any effect if.

(a)

the notice is not served or the goods are not returned within a reasonable time after the consumer has had a reasonable opportunity of inspecting the goods;

(b)

in the case of a rescission effected by services of a notice after the delivery of the goods to the consumer but before the notice is served:

(i)

the goods were disposed of by the consumer, were lost, or were destroyed otherwise than by reason of a defect in the goods;

(ii)

the consumer caused the goods to become unmerchantable or failed to take reasonable steps to present the goods from becoming unmerchantable; or

(iii) the goods were damaged by abnormal use; or

(c)

in the case of a rescission effected by return of the goods, while the goods were in the possession of the consumer:

(i)

the consumer caused the goods to become unmerchantable or failed to take reasonable steps to prevent the goods from becoming unmerchantable; or

(ii)

the goods were damaged by abnormal use.

(3)

Where a contract for the supply of goods by any person to a
consumer has been rescinded in accordance with this section:

(a)

if the property in the goods had passed to the consumer before the notice of rescission was served on, or the goods were returned to him, the property in the goods re-vests in the supplier upon the service of the notice or the return of the goods;and

(b)

the consumer may recover from the supplier as a debt, the amount or value of any consideration paid or provided by him for the goods.

(4)

The right of rescission conferred by this section is in addition to,
and not in derogation of, any other right or remedy under this Act or any
other Act.

No 8 Fair Competition 2003 41

...

36. Whenever the terms and conditions which are to govern Standard any consumer transaction are to be included, whether wholly or in ^form

contracts

part, in a standard form contract the terms and conditions shall be , registered with the Commission in accordance with the regulations , under this Act.

PART V11

MANUFACTURER'S OBLIGATIONS

37.-(I) In this Part: Definition express warranty'' in relation to goods, means an undertaking, assertion or representation in relation to:

(a) the quality, performance or characteristics of the goods;

42 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(b)

the provision of services that are or may at anytime be required in respect of the goods;

(c)

the supply of parts that are or may at any time be required for the goods; or

(d)

the future availability of identical goods, or of goods constituting or forming part of a set of which the goods in relation to which the undertaking, assertion or representation is given or made form part;

given or made in connection with the supply of the goods or in connection with the goods or in connection with the promotion by any means of the supply or use of the goods, the natural tendency of which is to induce persons to acquire the goods''manufactured'' includes grown, extracted, produced, processed

and assembled.

(2)

For the purposes of this Part, where a person makes a representation with respect to any future matter, including doing of or the refusing to do, any act, and the person does not have reasonable grounds for making the representation, the representation shall be taken to be misleading.

(3)

For the purposes of the application of sub-section (1) in relation to a proceeding concerning a representation made by a person with respect to any future matter, the person shall, unless he adduces evidence to the contrary, be deemed not to have had reasonable grounds for making the representation.

(4)

Sub-section (1) shall be deemed not to limit by implication the meaning of a reference in this Part to a misleading representation, a representation that is misleading in a material particular or conduct that is misleading or is likely or liable to mislead.

(5)

In this Part:

(a)

a reference to goods shall, unless the contrary intention appear, be read as a reference to goods of a kind ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household use or consumption;

No 8 Fair Competition 2003 43

(b)

a reference to a person who acquires goods from a consumerdoes not include a reference to a person who acquires goods for the purpose of re-supply;

(c)

a reference to the quality of goods includes a reference to the
state or condition of the goods; and

(d)

a reference to antecedent negotiations in relation to the
acquisition of goods by a consumer shall be read as a reference
to any negotiations or arrangements conducted or made with
the consumer by another person in the course of business
carried on by the other person whereby the consumer was
induced to acquire the goods or which otherwise promoted
the acquisition of the goods by the consumer.

(6)

A person shall be deemed, for the purposes of this Part, to be the
manufacture of goods, if

(a)

the person holds himself out to the public as the manufacturer
of those goods;

(b)

the person supplies those goods and causes or permits his
name, a name by which he carries on business or his brand or
mark to be applied to those goods; or

(c)

the person causes or permits another person, in connection
with the supply or possible supply of those goods by that
other person, or in connection with the promotion by that
other person by any means of the supply or use of those goods,
to hold out the person to the public as the manufacturer of the
goods.

(7)

A person shall be deemed, for the purposes of this Part, to be the manufacturer of goods if he imports into the country goods of which he a not the manufacturer provided that at the time of the importation the

manufacturer of the goods does not have a place of business in the coun

(8)

For the purposes of paragraph (b) of sub-section (6):

(a)

a name, brand or mark shall be deemed to be applied to goods
if.

Fair Competition

44 No. 8

Actions in respect

of

Unsuit

able

goods

(i)

it is woven in. impressed on, worked into or annexed or affixed to the goods; or

(ii)

it is applied to a covering, label, reel or thing in or with which the goods are supplied; and

(b)

where a person's name in which he carries on business or hisbrand or mark is applied to goods, it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is established, that he caused or permitted the name brand or mark to be applied to the goods.

(9)

The reference in sub-section (8) to a covering includes a reference to a stopper, glass, bottle, vessel, box, capsule, case, frame or wrapper and the reference in that sub-section to a label includes a reference

to a brand or ticket.

(10) if goods are imported into the country on behalf of a person,

such person shall be deemed, for the purposes of this Part, to have imported the goods into the country.

(11) For the purposes of this Part, goods shall be taken to be supplied to a consumer notwithstanding that, at the time of the supply, they are affixed to land or premises.

38.-(I) Where:

a person, supplies goods manufactured by him to another

(a)

person who acquires the goods for resupply;

(b) a person, whether or not the person who acquired the goods

from another person supplies the goods otherwise than by way of sale by auction, to a consumer;

(c) the goods are acquired by the consumer for a particularpurpose that was, expressly or by implication, made known to the person, either directly, or through the person from whom the consumer acquired the goods or a person by whom any antecedent negotiations in connection with the acquisition Of

the goods were conducted;

(d) the goods are not reasonably fit for that purpose, whether or not that is a purpose for which such goods are commonly

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 45

supplied; and

(e) the consumer or a person who acquires the goods from, or
derives title to the goods through or under, the consumer
suffers loss or damage by reason that the goods are not
reasonably fit for that purpose,

he has little to compensate the consumer or that other person for
the loss or damage and the consumer or that other person may
. recover the amount of the compensation by action against him in a

court of competent jurisdiction.

(2)

Sub-section (1) does not apply

(a)

if the, goods are not reasonably fit for the purpose referred
to in that sub-section by reason of-

G) an act or default of any person, not being the person or a servant or agent of the person; or

(ii)

a cause independent of human control;
occurring after the goods have left the control of the person;

or

(b) where the circumstances show that, the consumer did not rely,
or that it was unreasonable for the consumer to rely, on the
skill or judgment of the person.

39.-(I) Where: Actions in respect

(a) a person supplies goods manufactured by the person to another of false descrip

person who acquires the goods for resupply;

tions

(b)

a person (whether or not the person who acquired the goods
from the person) supplies the goods (otherwise than by way
of sale by auction) to a consumer by description;

(c)

the goods do not correspond with the description; and

(d)

the consumer or a person who acquires the goods from, or
derives title to the goods through or under, suffers loss or
damage by reason that the goods do not correspond with the
description,

46 No. 8 Fair Competition

he is liable to compensate the consumer or that other person for the loss or damage and the consumer or that other person may recover the amount of the compensation by action against him in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(2)

Sub-section (1) does not apply if the goods do not correspondwith the description referred to in that sub-section by reason of

(a)

an act or default of a person;

(b)

a cause independent of human control,
occurring after the goods have left the control of that person.

(3)

A person is not liable to compensate a person for loss or damage suffered by the person by reason that goods do not correspond with a description unless the description was applied to the goods:

(a)

by or on behalf of him; or

(b)

with his consent, whether express or implied.

(4)

If the goods referred to in sub-section (1) are supplied to the consumer by reference to a sample as well as by description, it is not a defence to an action under this section that the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the description.

(5)

A supply of goods is not prevented from being a supply by description for the purposes of sub-section (1) by reason only that, being exposed for sale or hire, they are selected by the consumer.

Actions 40.-(I) Where: in respect ofgoods

_of (a) a person supplies goods manufactured by him to another perunmer-son who acquires the goods for resupply; chantable quality (b) a person (whether or not the person acquired the goods from

him) supplies the goods (otherwise than by way of sale by auction) to a consumer;

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 47

(c)

the goods are not of merchantable quality; and

(d)

the consumer or a person who acquires the goods from,or derives title to the goods through or under, theconsumer suffers loss or damage by reason that the goodsare not of merchantable quality,

such person is liable to compensate the consumer or that other person for the loss or damage and the consumer or that other person may recover the amount of the compensation by action against him in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(2)

Sub-section (1) does not apply

(a)

if the goods are not of merchantable quality by reason of-

G) an act or default of any person; or

(ii)

a cause independent of human control, occurring after the goods have left the control of the person;

(b)

as regards defects specifically drawn to the consumer's attention before the making of the contract for the supply of the goods to the consumer; or

(c)

if the consumer examines the goods before that contract is made, as regards defects that the examination ought to reveal.

(3)

Goods of any kind are of merchantable quality within the meaning of this section if they are as fit for the purpose or purposes for which goods of that kind are commonly bought as it is reasonable to expect having regard to

(a)

any description applied to the goods by him;

(b)

the price received by him for the goods (if relevant); and

(c)

all the other relevant circumstances.

-

48 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

Actions 41.-(I) Where: in respect

(a) a person, supplies goods manufactured by him to another

of non

person who acquires the goods for re-supply;

corre

spon

dence (b) a person (whether or not the person who acquired the goods ^with from the other person) supplies the goods (otherwise than by

samples

way of sale by auction) to a consumer;

etc

(c)

goods are supplied to the consumer by reference to a sample;

(d)

the bulk of the goods does not correspond with the sample in quality or the goods have a defect, rendering them unmerchantable, that is not, or would not be, apparent on reasonable examination of the sample; and

(e)

the consumer or a person who acquires the goods from, or derives title to the goods through or under, the consumer suffers loss or damage by reason that the bulk does not correspond with the sample in quality or by reason that the goods have that defect,

he is liable to compensate the consumer or that other person for the loss or damage and the consumer or that other person may recover the amount of the loss or damage by action against him in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(2)

Sub-section (1) does not apply where

(a)

the sample is not supplied by the person;

(b)

the supply by sample is made without the express or implied concurrence of the person; or

(c)

the failure of the bulk of the goods to correspond with the sample in quality or the existence of the defect is due to:

(i)

default of any person or a cause independent of human control, occurring after the goods have left the control of the person; or

(ii)

other circumstances that were beyond the control of him and that he could not reasonably be expected to have foreseen.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 49

42.-(I) Where: Actions in respect

(a) a person supplies goods (otherwise than by way of sale by

of failure

auction) manufactured by him to a consumer;

to

(b) a person, supplies goods manufactured by him to another person provide who acquires the goods for re-supply and a person (whether or facilities not the person who acquired the goods from him) supplies for the goods (otherwise than by way of sale by auction) to a con-repairs or

parts

sumer; and:

(c)

at a time (in this section referred to as the ''relevant time'')
after the acquisition of the goods by the consumer:

(i)

the goods required to be repaired but facilities for their repair are not reasonably available to the consumer or a person who acquires the goods from or derives title to the goods through or under, the consumer; or

(ii)

a part is required for the goods but the part is not reasonably available to the consumer or a person who acquires the goods from, or derives title to the goods through or under, the consumer;

(d)

the person acted unreasonably in failing to ensure that facilities for the repair of the goods were, or that the part was, reasonably available to the consumer or that other person at the relevant time; and

(e)

the consumer or that other person suffers loss or damage by reason of the failure of the supplier to ensure that facilities for the repair of goods were, or that the part was, reasonably available to the consumer or that other person at the relevant time,

he is liable to compensate the consumer or that other person for the loss or damage and the consumer or that other person may recover the amount of the compensation by action against him in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(2)

Sub-section (1) does not apply where the person took reasonable action to ensure that the consumer acquiring the goods would be given notice at or before the time when he acquired the goods that:

(a)

he did not promise that facilities for the repair of the goods,
or that parts for the goods, would be available; or

I

50 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

Actions

in respectof noncompliance with express warranty

(b)

he did not promise that facilities for the repair of the goods, or that parts for the goods, would be available after a specified period, being a period that expired before the relevant time.

(3)

Where the person took reasonable action to ensure that the consumer acquiring the goods would be given notice at or before the time when he acquired the goods that he did not promise that:

(a)

facilities for the repair of the goods, being facilities of a kind specified in the notice, would be available;

(b)

parts for the goods, being parts of a kind specified in the notice, would be available; or

(c)

facilities for the repair of the goods would be available at, or parts for the goods would be available from, a place or places specified in the notice,

he is not liable to compensate the consumer or a person who acquires the goods from, or derives title to the goods through or under, the consumer for loss or damage suffered by the consumer or that other person by reason of the failure of person to ensure that facilities or parts of the kind specified in the notice, were available, or that facilities for the repair of the goods were available at, or parts for the goods were available from a place or places specified in the notice, as the case may be.

(4) In determining whether a person acted unreasonably in failing to ensure that facilities for the repair of goods were, or that a part was, reasonably available to a person at the relevant time, a court shall have regard to all the circumstances of the case, and in particular to the existence, at the relevant time, of circumstances that prevented those facilities or that part being so available, being circumstances beyond the control of the person.

43.-(I) Where

(a)

a person supplies goods (otherwise than by way of sale by auction) manufactured by him to a consumer; or

(b)

a person supplies goods manufactured by him to another person who acquires the goods for re-supply and a person (whether or not the person acquired the goods from him) supplies the goods (otherwise than by way of sale by auction) to a consumer; and:

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 51

(c)

a person fails to comply with an express warranty given or made by him in relation to the goods; and

(d)

the consumer who acquires the goods from him suffers loss or damage by reason of the failure,

he is liable to compensate the consumer for the. loss or damage and the consumer may recover the amount of the compensation by action against him in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(2)

For the purposes of any action instituted by a person against a person under this section, where:

(a)

an undertaking, assertion or representation was given or madein connection with the supply of goods or in connection with the promotion by any means of the supply or use of goods; and

(b)

the undertaking, assertion or representation would, if it had been given or made by him or a person acting on his behalf, have constituted an express warranty in relation to the goods,

it shall be presumed that the undertaking, assertion or representation was given or made by him or a person acting on his behalf unless he proves that he did not give or make, and did not cause or permit the giving or making of, the undertaking, assertion or representation.

44. Where

(a) a person (in this section referred to as the ''seller'') is under a

liability to another person in respect of loss or damage sufferedby the consumer as a result of a breach of a condition or warranty implied by a provision of this Part in a contract for

the supply of goods (whether or not the goods are of a kind ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household use or consumption) by the seller to the consumer; and

(b)

a third person (in this section referred to as the ''manufacturer''):

(i)

is liable to compensate the consumer in respect of the same loss or damage by reason of the provisions of this Part; or

Right of seller to recover against manufac

turer or importer

...

52 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

Time for commencing actions

(ii) in a case where the goods referred to in paragraph (a) are not of a kind ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household use or consumption would, if the provisions of sections 38, 39, 40 and 41 applied in relation to those goods, be liable to compensate the consumer in respect of the same loss or damage by reason of any of those provisions,

the manufacturer is liable to indemnify the seller in respect of the liabilityof the seller to the consumer and the seller may, in respect of themanufacturer's liability to indemnify the seller, institute an action against

the manufacturer in a court of competent jurisdiction for such legal or equitable relief as the seller could have obtained if the liability of the manufacturer to indemnify the seller had arisen under a contract of indemnity made between the manufacturer and the seller.

45.-(I) Subject to this section, an action under a provision of this Part may be commenced at any time within three years after the day on which the cause of action accrued.

(2)

For the purposes of this section, a cause of action shall be deemedto have accrued

(a)

in the case of an action other than an action under section 44, on the day on which the consumer or a person who acquired the goods from or derived title to the goods through or under, consumer first became aware, or ought reasonably to have become aware:

(i)

in the case of an action under section 44, that the goods were not reasonably fit for the purpose referred to in that section;

(ii)

in the case of an action under section 39, that the goods did not correspond with the description referred to in that section;

(iii) in the case of an action under section 40, that the goods were not of merchantable quality;

(iv)

in the case of an action under section 41, that the bulk of the goods did not correspond with the sample in quality or the goods had the defect referred to in the section;

(v)

in the case of an action under section 42 that the goods required to be repaired or that the part was required for the goods, as the case may be; or

(vi)

in the case of an action under section 43, of the failure of the corporation to comply with the express warranty referred to in that section; or

(b)

in the case of an action under section 44, on G) the day, or the first day, as the case may be, on which the seller referred to in that section made a payment in respect of, or otherwise discharged in whole or in part,

the liability of that seller to the consumer or that other person; or

(ii)

the day on which a proceeding was instituted by the consumer or that other person against that seller in respect of that liability or, if more than one such proceeding was instituted, the day on which the first such proceeding was instituted, whichever was the earlier.

(3)

In an action under a provision of this Part, it is a defence if the defendant proves that the action was not commenced within ten years after the time of the first supply to consumer of the goods to which the action relates.

46.-(I) Any term of a contract (including a term that is not set out in Applicathe contract but is incorporated in the contract by another term of the tion of contract) that purports to exclude, restrict or modify, or has the effect of this Part

not to be

excluding, restricting or modifying, any liability of a person to compen

excluded

sate or indemnify another person that may arise under this Part, is void. or

modified

(2)

A term of a contract shall not be taken to exclude, restrict or modify the application of a provisions of this Part unless the term does so expressly or is inconsistent with that provision.

(3)

Nothing in this section shall apply to a term of a contract referred to in sub-section (4) of section 47.

47.-(I) Notwithstanding section 44, in the case of goods other than Limitagoods of a kind ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household tion in

certain

use or consumption, the liability under that section of a manufacturer to

circum

a seller is limited to a liability to pay to the seller an amount equal to:

stances of

liability of rnanufac

turer to a seller

54 No. 8 Fair Competition

(a)

the cost of replacing the goods;

(b)

the cost of obtaining equivalent goods; or

(c)

the cost of having the goods repaired;

whichever is the lowest amount.

(2)

Sub-section (1) shall not apply in relation to particular goods ifthe seller established that it is not fair or reasonable for the liability ofthe manufacturer in respect of those goods to be limited as mentioned insub-section (I).

(3)

In determining for the purposes of sub-section (2) whether or not it is fair or reasonable for the liability of a manufacturer to a seller in respect of goods to be limited as mentioned in sub-section (1), a court shall have regard to all the circumstances of the case and, in particular, to

(a)

the availability of suitable alternative sources of supply of the goods;

(b)

the availability of equivalent goods; and

(c)

whether the goods were manufactured, processed or adapted to the .special order of the seller.

(4)

Any term of a contract between the manufacturer and the seller imposing on the manufacturer a greater liability than the liability mentioned in sub-section (1), shall be subject to this section.

(5)

In this section, the expressions ''manufacturer'' and ''seller'' have the same respective meanings as provided for under section 44.

PART V111

PRODUCT SAFETY AND PRODUCT INFORMATION

Warning 48.-(I) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, the Commission

notice to

may publish a notice in the Gazette containing

public

(a)

a statement that goods of a kind specified in the notice are under public investigation to determine whether the goods will or may cause injury to any person; or

(b)

a warning of possible risks involved in the use of goods of a kind specified in the notice.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 55

(2) Where an investigation referred to in sub-section (1) has been completed, the Commission shall, as soon as practicable after the investigation has been completed, by notice published in the Gazette, announce the results of the investigation, and may announce in the notice whether and if so, what action is proposed to be taken in relation to the goods under this Part.

49.-(I) No person shall supply goods that are intended to be used, or are of a kind likely to be used, by a consumer if the goods are of a kind

(a)

in respect of which there is a prescribed consumer product safety standard and which do not comply with that standard;

(b)

in respect of which there is in force a notice under this section declaring the goods to be unsafe goods; or

(c)

in respect of which there is in force a notice under this section imposing a permanent ban on those goods.

(2)

The regulations may, in respect of goods of a particular kind, prescribe a consumer product safety standard consisting of such requirements as to

(a)

performance, composition, contents, methods of manufacture or processing, design, construction, finish or packaging of the goods;

(b)

testing of the goods during, or after the completion of, manufacture or processing; and

(c)

the form and content of markings, warnings or instructions to accompany the goods, as are reasonably necessary to prevent or reduce risk of injury to any person.

(3)

No person shall export goods or supply goods in the country which are prohibited by sub-section (1) unless the Minister has, by notice in writing given to such person, approval to export such goods.

(4)

Where the Minister approves the export of goods under sub-section (3), the Minister shall cause a statement setting out particulars of the approval to be laid before the Nation Assembly at the next meeting after the approval.

Product safety standards and unsafe goods

56 No. 8 Fair Competition

(5)

Where it appears to the Minister after consultation with the Commission that goods of a particular kind will or may cause injury to any person, the Minister may, by notice published in the Gazette, declare the goods to be unsafe, and shall forthwith impose a temporary ban on such goods.

(6)

A notice and the temporary ban under sub-section (5) shall remain in force until the end of three months after the publication of the notice in the Gazette unless it is revoked before the end of that period.

(7)

Where:

(a)

period of three months has elapsed after the date of publication of the notice in the Gazette declaring goods to be unsafe and a temporary ban has been imposed; and

(b)

the supplier has failed to make good the defect, the Minister may, by notice published in the Gazette impose a permanent ban.

(8)

Where:

(a)

the supplying of goods by any person constitutes a contravention of this section by reason that the goods do not comply with a prescribed consumer product safety standard;

(b)

a person suffers loss or damage by reason of a defect in, or a dangerous characteristic of, the goods or by reason of not having particular information in relation to the goods; and

(c)

the person would not have suffered the loss or damage if the goods had complied with that standard,

that person shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to have suffered the loss or damage by the supplying of the goods.

(9)

Where:

(a)

the supplying of goods by any person constitutes a contravention of this section by reason that there is in force a notice under this section declaring the goods to be unsafe goods or imposing a temporary or permanent ban on the goods; and

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 57

(b) a person suffers loss or damage by reason of a defect in, or a dangerous characteristic of the goods, or by reason of not having particular information as to a characteristic of the goods,

that person, shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to have suffered the loss or damage by supplying of such goods.

50.-(I) Subject to the provisions of the Standards Act, 1975 no person shall supply goods that are intended to be used, or are of a kind likely to be used, by a consumer, being goods of a kind in respect of which a consumer product information standard has been prescribed, unless he has complied with that Standard in relation to those goods.

(2)

The regulations may, in respect of goods of a particular kind, prescribe a consumer product information standard consisting of such requirements as to:

(a)

the disclosure of information relating to the performance, corn-

position, contents, methods of manufacture or processing,design, construction, finish or packaging of the goods; and

(b)

the form and manner in which that information is to be disclosed on or with the goods,

as are reasonably necessary to give persons using the goods information as to the quantity, quality, nature or value of the goods.

(3)

Where:

(a)

the supplying of goods by any person constitutes a contravention. of this section by reason that he has not complied with a prescribed consumer product information standard in relation to the goods;

(b)

a person suffers loss or damage by reason of not having particular information in relation to the goods; and

(c)

the person would not have suffered the loss or damage if he had complied with that standard in relation to the goods,

that person shall be deemed, for the purposes of this Act, to have suffered the loss or damage by supplying such goods.

Product Infonna

tion Act No.3 of 1 975

58 No. 8 Fair Competition

^{Power of} 51.-(I) The Minister may, by a notice published in the Gazette,

Minister

declare that, in respect of goods of a kind specified in the notice, a particular

to declare

product standard, or a particular part of a standard, prepared or approved by the

safety

Bureau of Standards or by a prescribed association or body, or such a stan

informa_tion dard or part of a standard with additions or variations specified in the notice, standards is a consumer product safety standard for the purposes of section 49 or a consumer product information standard for the purposes of section 50.

(2)

Where a notice is so published, the standard, or the part of the standard, referred to in the notice, or the standard or part of a standard so referred to with additions or variations specified in the notice, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be a prescribed consumer product safety standard for the purposes of section 49 or a prescribed consumer product information standard for the purposes of section 50, as the case may be.

(3)

Sub-section (1) shall not authorise the publication of a notice in relation to goods of a particular kind if the standard or the part of the standard referred to in the notice, or the standard or the part of the standard so referred to with additions and variations specified in the notice is inconsistent with a standard prescribed in relation to goods of that kind by regulations made for the purposes of section 49 or 50.

^{Copies of} 52.-(l) Where the Commission publishes notice in the Gazette under

certain

_{notices to} paragraph (1) of section 48, the Commission shall, within fourteen days,

be given either:

to

(a) cause a copy of the notice to be given to each person who, to

supplier

or be the knowledge of the Commission, supplies goods of the kind

^published to which the notice relates; or

in certain

(b) cause a copy of the notice to be published in a newspaper

newspapers circulating in each part of the country where goods of the kind to which the notice relates are, to the knowledge of the Commission supplied.

(2) Any failure to comply with sub-section (1) in relation to a notice shall not invalidate the notice.

-

No. 8 Fair Competition ^{2003 59}

PART IX

PRODUCT RECALL

53. -(I) Where-Compul

(a) any person supplies goods that are intended to be used, or are ^Sory

product

of a kind likely to be used, by a consumer, and: recall

(i)

it appears to the Minister that the goods are goods of a kind which will or may cause injury to any person;

(ii)

the goods are goods of a kind in respect of which there is a prescribed consumer product safety standard and the goods do not comply with that standard; or

(iii) the goods are goods of a kind in relation to which there is in force a notice under sub-section (5) or (7) of section 49, and

(b)

it appears to the Minister that the supplier has not taken satisfactory action to prevent the goods causing injury to any
person,

the Minister may, by notice published in the Gazette, require the
supplier:

(c)

to take action within the period specified in the notice to recall
the goods;

(d)

disclose to the public, or to a class of persons specified in the
notice, in the manner and within the period specified in the
notice, one or more of the following:

(i)

the nature of a defect in, or a dangerous characteristic of, the goods identified or the notice;

(ii)

the circumstances, being circumstances identified in the notice, in which the use of the goods is dangerous;

(iii) the procedures for disposing of the goods specified in the notice; or

(e)

to inform the public, or a class of persons specified in the
notice, in the manner and within the period specified in the
notice that the supplier undertakes to do whichever of the
following the supplier thinks is appropriate:

60 No. 8 Fair Competition

(i)

except where the notice identifies a dangerous characteristic of the goods - repair the goods;

(ii)

replace the goods;

(iii) refund to a person to whom the goods were supplied (whether by the supplier or by another person) the price of the goods,

within the period specified in the notice.

(2)

Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (iii) of subsection(l)(e), where the Minister, in a notice under sub-section (1), requires the supplier to take action under paragraph (e) of subsection (1), the Minister may specify in the notice that, where:

(a)

the supplier chooses to refund the price of the goods; and

(b)

a period of more than 12 months has elapsed since a person (whether or not the person to whom the refund is to be made) acquired the goods from the supplier, the amount of a refund may be reduced by the supplier by an amount attributable to the use which a person has had of the goods, being an amount calculated in a manner specified in the notice.

(3)

The Minister may, by notice published in the Gazette, give directions as to the manner in which the supplier is to carry out a recall of goods required under sub-section (I).

(4)

Where the supplier, under sub-section (1) undertakes to repair goods, the supplier shall cause the goods to be repaired so that:

(a)

any defect in the goods identified in the notice under subsection (1) is remedied; and

(b)

if there is a prescribed consumer product safety standard in respect of the goods - the goods comply with that standard.

(5)

Where the supplier, under sub-section (1), undertakes to replace goods, the supplier shall replace the goods with like goods which:

(a)

if a defect in, or a dangerous characteristic of, the first mentioned goods was identified in the notice under sub-section (1), do not contain that defect or have that characteristic; and

(b)

if there is a prescribed consumer product safety standard in respect of goods of that kind, comply with that standard.

(6)

Where the supplier, under sub-section (1) undertakes to repair goods or replace goods, the cost of the repair or replacement, including any necessary transportation costs, shall be borne by the supplier.

(7)

Where goods are recalled, whether voluntarily or in accordance with a requirement made by the Minister under paragraph (d) of subsection (1), a person who has supplied any of the recalled goods to another person outside the country shall, as soon as practicable after the supply of those goods, give a notice in writing to that other person:

(a)

stating that the goods are subject to recall;

(b)

if the goods contain a defector have a dangerous characteristic - setting out the nature of that defect or characteristic; and

(c)

if the goods do not comply with a prescribed consumer product safety standard in respect of the goods - setting out the nature of the non compliance.

(8)

Where a person is required under sub-section (7) to give a notice in writing to another person, the first-mentioned person shall, within ten days after giving that notice, provide the Minister with a copy of that notice.

(9)

Any person who contravenes sub-section (8), commits an offence and is liable on conviction:

(a)

in the case of a person not being a body corporate, to a fine of not less than fifty thousand and not exceeding one million shillings or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months; or

(b)

in the case of a person being a body corporate, to a fine of not less than one hundred thousand shilling and not exceeding five million shillings.

54. Where a notice under sub-section 53(l) is in force in relation to compli

any person, such person: ance with product

(a) shall comply with the requirements and directions in the

recall

notice; and

order

(b) shall not:

62 No. 8 Fair Competition

(i)

where the notice identifies a defect in, or a dangerous characteristic of the goods, supply goods of the kind to which the notice relates and which contain that defect and have that characteristic; or

(ii)

in any other case, supply goods of the kind to which thenotice relates.

Loss or

55. Where:

damage

(a) a person contravenes the provisions of section 54 by:

caused by

contra-(i) supplying goods of a kind in relation to which a notice vention under sub-section (1) of section 53 is in force; or ^of (ii) failing to comply with the requirements of such a notice;

product

and

recall

(b) a person suffers loss or damage by reason of a defect in, or a

order

dangerous characteristic of, the goods or by reason of not having particular information as to a characteristic of the goods,

that person shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to have suffered loss or damage by the supplying of the goods; or by the failure of supplier to comply with the notice, as the case may be.

Notifica-56.-(I) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, where a person tion of voluntarily takes action to recall goods because the goods will or may

voluntary

cause injury to any person, he shall, within two days after taking that

recall

action, give a notice in writing to the Commission:

(a)

stating that the goods are subject to recall; and

(b)

setting out the nature of the defect in, or dangerous characteristics of, the goods.

(2)

A person who contravenes sub-section (1), commits an offence and is liable on conviction:

(a)

in the case of a person not being a body corporate to a fine of not less than fifty thousand shillings and not exceeding one million shillings or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months; or

(b)

in the case of a person being a body corporate to a fine of not less than one hundred thousand shillings and not exceeding five million shillings.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 63

PART X

OFFENCES, PENALTIES AND REMEDIES

57.-(I) A person shall not: Person

involved

(a) aid, abet, counsel or procure;

in an

(b)

conspire with others to commit; offence

(c)

be directly or indirectly knowingly concerned in;

an offence against this Act by another person (in this section referred to as the ''primary offence'').

(2) For the purposes of this Part, a person who commits an offence against sub-section (1) is ''involved'' in the primary offence.

58.-(I) Where the Commission is satisfied that a person has committed Cornphor is likely to commit an offence against this Act (other than Parts VI or ^ance

orders and

VII), it may make a compliance order under this section against that compliperson and any person involved in the offence. ance

agreements

(2)

A person against whom a compliance order is made commits an offence if that person fails to comply with the order.

(3)

A compliance order may require a person to refrain from conduct in contravention of this Act or to take actions to comply with this Act, and shall specify the time for compliance with the order and the duration of the order.

(4)

The Commission may make an interim compliance order pending a proper consideration of a matter if the Commission is of the opinion that there is an imminent danger of substantial damage to a person if a threatened or likely offence is committed or there are other good reasons for making such an order.

(5)

Without limiting the generality of sub-section (3), where the Commission is satisfied that a person (in this sub-section referred to as the ''acquirer'') has acquired shares or other assets in breach of sub-section (1) of section I 1, the Commission may make an order at any time within three years after the acquisition

(a)

requiring the acquirer to dispose of some or all of the shares or assets within such time as the Commission specifies in the order;or

(b)

declaring the acquisition to be void, requiring the acquirer to transfer some or all of the shares or assets back to the person from whom the acquirer acquired the shares or assets (in this sub-section referred to as the ''vendor'') and requiring the vendor to refund to the acquirer some or all of the amounts received by the vendor in respect of the acquisition, as the Commission specifies in the order.

(6)

Without limiting the generality of the provisions of sub-section (3), where the Commission is satisfied that a person has committed an offence against this Act (other than under Parts VI and VII), the Commission may order that person to publish, in such manner and within such time as the Commission sees fit, such information as Director General it considers appropriate relating to the offence.

(7)

A compliance order shall be made in writing specifying the grounds for making the order.

(8)

The Commission may enter into an agreement in writing, referred to in this section as a"compliance agreement'', whereby a personundertakes to the Commission to refrain from conduct in contravention of this Act from a date, and for a period of time, specified in the compliance agreement or for the disposal of shares or assets and other matters referred to in sub-section (5), on such terms and conditions as the Commission deems appropriate.

(9)

A compliance order shall be enforceable as an order of the HighCourt.

(I 0) A copy of a compliance order or compliance agreement shall be placed on the Public Register and, in the case of a compliance order, a copy shall be served on the person against whom it is made.

(I 1) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, a copy of a compliance order or compliance agreement duly certified by the Commission shall

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 65

be conclusive evidence in any court of the making of the order and the grounds for making it or the making of the compliance agreement.

(I 2) The Commission does not have jurisdiction to make compliance orders or enter into compliance agreements in relation to breaches of conditions or warranties implied under Part VI or manufacturers obligations under Part VII

59.-(I) Any person who suffers loss or damage as a result of an offence against this Act (other than under Parts VI or V11) may apply to the Commission for compensatory orders under this section against the person who committed the offence and any person involved in the offence, whether or not they have been convicted of the offence.

(2)

An application under sub-section (1) may be made at any time within three years after the loss or damage was suffered or the applicant became aware of the offence, whichever is the later.

(3)

The Commission may make orders under this section against the person who committed the offence and any person involved in the offence (in this section referred to as the ''respondents'') as the Commission considers appropriate to compensate the applicant for the loss or damage suffered by the applicant or to prevent or reduce such loss or damage, including the orders in sub-section (4).

(4)

The orders referred to in sub-section (3) are:

(a)

an order requiring the respondents to pay money;

(b)

an order requiring the respondents to supply goods or services for specified periods or on specified terms and conditions;

(c)

an order declaring void, terminating or varying a contract;

(d)

an order requiring the respondents to pay the costs of the applicant or of a person appearing at the hearing or producing documents.

(5)

Any person against whom a compensatory order is made commits an offence if that person fails to comply with the order.

Compensatory orders

66 No. 8 Fair Competition

(6)

Any person who suffers loss or damage as a result of breach of a condition or warranty implied under Part VI or a manufacturer's obligation under Part VII may seek a relief in a Court of competent jurisdiction but shall not seek, and the Commission shall not grant, a compensatory order under this section.

(7)

Orders of the Commission under this section shall be enforceable as orders of the High Court.

Offences 60.-(I) Where a person commits an offence against this Act (other than under Part VI, Part VII or sections 58, 59 or 88) or is involved in such an offence, the Commission may impose on that person a fine of not less than five percent of his annual turnover and not exceeding ten percent of his annual turnover.

(2)

If the Commission is satisfied that a monetary value can reasonably be placed on the damage including loss of income suffered by a person as a result of an offence against this Act, the convicted person shall, in addition to any other penalty which may be imposed, be liable to a fine of two times such monetary value, which the Commission shall order to be paid to the person suffering the damage.

(3)

Where a person charged with an offence under this Act is a body corporate, every person who, at the time of the commission of the offence, was a director, manager or officer of the body corporate may be charged jointly in the same proceedings with such body corporate and where the body corporate is convicted of the offence, every such director, manager or officer of the body corporate shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence unless he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.

(4)

For the purposes of this section, any partner of a firm shall be jointly and severally liable for the acts or omissions of any other partner of the same firm done or omitted in the course of the firm's business.

(5)

A person who contravenes section 16 is not liable to fines under this section but may be subject to compliance orders under section 58 and compensatory orders under section 59.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 67

(6)

Any person who contravenes section 15 is not liable to fines under this section but may be subject to compliance orders under section 5 8 and compensatory orders under section 59.

(7)

Any person who breaches a condition or warranty implied under Part VI or a manufacturers obligation under Part V11 is not liable to fines under this section.

(8)

The Commission may act upon an offence at any time within six years after the commission of the offence.

PART X1

APPEALS TO THE FAIR COMPETITION TRIBUNAL

61.-(l) Any person that has a pecuniary and material grievance arising from a decision of the Commission:

(a) to grant or refuse to grant an exemption under section 12 or

13;

(b)

to make or not to make a compliance order under section 58; or

(c)

to make or not to make a compensatory order under section

59, may appeal to the Tribunal for review of the decision within 28 days after notification or publication of the decision.

(2)

An appeal under sub-section (1) shall be by way of a rehearing.

(3)

Any person that has a pecuniary and material grievance arising from a decision of the Commission other than a decision referred to in sub-section (1) may appeal to the Tribunal for review of the decision within 28 days after the notification or publication of the decision.

(4)

The grounds for an appeal under sub-section (3) shall be that:

(a)

the decision made was not based on evidence produced;

(b)

there was an error in law;

(c)

the procedures and other statutory requirements applicable to the Commission were not complied with and non-compliance materially affected the determination;

(d)

the Commission did not have power to make the determination.

Appeals againstdecisions

of the Commis

sion

68 No. 8 Fair Competition

(5)

On an appeal under this section the Tribunal shall make a determination affirming, setting aside or varying the decision of the Commission or it may direct the Commission to reconsider the matter or specified parts of the matter to which the appeal relates.

(6)

In reconsidering a matter referred back to it under sub-section (5),the Commission shall have regard to the Tribunal's reasons for givingthe direction.

(7)

For the purposes of an appeal under this section, the Tribunal:

(a)

may perform all the functions and exercise all the powers of the Commission; and

(b)

may make such orders as to the payment of any person's costs of the review as it deems appropriate.

(8)

The decisions of the Tribunal on appeals under this section shall be final.

PART XII

FAIR COMPETITION COMMISSION

Estab

62.-(I) There is hereby established a Commission to be known as the

lishment

Fair Competition Commission.

of the commis

sion (2) The Commission shall be independent and shall perform its functions and exercise its powers independently and impartially without fear or favour.

(3)

The Commission shall be a body corporate with perpetual successionand subject to this Act, shall

(a)

be capable of suing and being sued in its corporate name;

(b)

be capable of acquiring, holding and disposing of real and personal property;

(c)

have power to exercise and perform the powers and functions conferred on it by or under this Act;

(d)

have power to do and suffer all such other acts and things a body corporate may by law do and suffer.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 69

(4)

Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Commission shall have power to do all things necessary to enable it to perform its functions and duties.

(5)

The common seal of the Commission shall be judicially noticedand shall be duly affixed if witnessed under the hand of the Chairman orDirector-General of the Commission.

(6)

The Commission shall be constituted by five members as follows:

(a)

a Chairman, who shall be a non-executive appointed by the President;

(b)

three non-executive members appointed by the Minister;

e.

(c)

the Director-General.

(7)

There shall be a Director-General of the Commission, who shall be appointed by the Minister, from amongst a list of names submitted by the Nomination Committee, to serve on such terms and conditions as may be set out in the letter of his appointment or as may from time to time be determined by the Commission with the approval of the Minister.

(8)

A person appointed as a Director-General under this section shall have the functions and qualifications set out in the Second Schedule to this Act.

(9)

No civil liability will attach to any member, or employee of the Commission in his personal capacity as a result of any act or thing done in good faith in the performance or exercise, or purported performance or exercise, of any function or power of the Commission.

63.-(I) Whenever a member or members are to be appointed to the Appoint-

Commission, a Nomination Committee shall be established in accordance ment of members

with the provisions of the First Schedule.

(2) Subject to this section, the composition, functions and procedures of the Nomination Committee shall be as provided for under the provisions of the First Schedule.

70 No. 8 Fair Competition

(3)

The President shall appoint the Chairman of the Commission from candidates nominated by the Nomination Committee.

(4)

The Minister shall appoint other members of the Commission from candidates nominated by the Nomination Committee.

(5)

Before nominating a person as a candidate for appointment to the Commission, the Nomination Committee shall satisfy itself that the person is qualified for the appointment because of his knowledge of, or experience in, industry, commerce, economics, law, public administration or other related fields.

(6)

In order to maintain impartiality of the Commission and for the purpose of avoiding conflict of interest, a person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of the Commission if owing to the nature of the office he holds is likely to exert influence on the Commission.

(7)

The first Chairman and members of the Commission shall be appointed for the following fixed terms:

(a)

Chairman - four years;

(b)

Director-General - four years;

(c)

one member - three years;

(d)

two members - five years.

(8)

Members shall be eligible for reappointment for one further consecutive term but shall not be eligible for re-appointment thereafter.

(9)

The members of the Commission shall be paid such fees and allowances as shall be set out in their letters of appointment as determined by the President or the Minister, as the case may be, on the advice of the Commission and after consultation with relevant Ministers.

(10)

The members of the Commission may not be removed from office except in accordance with the provisions of section 64.

(I 1) Members may resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Minister.

64.-(I) The President may, acting upon an advise given by the Minister remove a member, including the Chairman, from office at any time if.

(a) the member is declared bankrupt, takes the benefit of any law for the relief of insolvent debtors or assigns the member's remuneration for the benefit of creditors;

(b) the member is convicted of a criminal offence:

9

(c)

if the member is required by section 66 to resign;

(d)

the President decides that member is incapable of carrying out the member's duties because of ill health or physical or mental impairment;

(e)

the member fails to attend at least two thirds of all meetings of the Commission in any Period of twelve consecutive months; or

(f)

the member has committed a material breach of a code of

conduct to which the Commission is subject or a material breach of the Provisions of this Act.

(2) Before removing a member from office, the President shall inform a member in writing stating the grounds for removal.

65.-(I) The Commission shall administer this Act and develop and promote Policies for enhancing competition and consumer welfare.

(2)

Without limiting sub-section (1), the Commission shall

(a)

control, manage and efficiently perform the functions of the Commission under the Act;

(b)

Promote and enforce compliance with the Act;

(c)

Promote Public knowledge, awareness and understanding of the obligations, rights and remedies under the Act and the duties, functions and activities of the Commission;

(d)

make available to consumers information and guidelines relating to the obligations Of Persons under the Act and the rights and remedies available to consumers under the Act;

(e)

carry out inquiries studies and research into matters relating to competition and the Protection of the interests of consumers;

Removal of members

Functions of the Cominis-Sion

72 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

Conflicts of interest

(f)

study government policies, procedures and programmes, legislation and proposals for legislation so as to assess their effects on competition and consumer welfare and publicise the results of such studies;

(g)

investigate impediments to competition, including entry intoand exit from markets, in the economy as a whole or in particular sectors and publicise the results of such investigations;

(h)

investigate policies, procedures and programmes of regulatory authorities so as to assess their effects on competition and consumer welfare and publicise the results of such studies;

(i)

participate in deliberations and proceedings of government, government commissions, regulatory authorities and other bodies in relation to competition and consumer welfare;

0) make representations to government, government commissions, regulatory authorities and other bodies on matters related to competition and consumer welfare;

(k)

consult with consumer bodies, regulatory authorities, business organizations and other interested persons;

(1)

consult with the competition authorities of other countries;

(m)

represent Tanzania at international fora concerned with matters relating to competition or the interests of consumers.

(3)

The Chairman of the Commission shall in consultation with the other members of the Commission determine from time to time the priority to be given to any of the functions and activities set out in sub-section (2) for effective and efficient administration of this Act.

(4)

The Commission shall be entitled to participate in the proceedings of courts, tribunals, regulatory authorities, government inquiries, commissions, committees and working groups for the purpose of observing the proceedings and making representations on matters relevant to the Commission's functions.

66.-(I) A member or employee of the Commission shall be considered to have a conflict of interest for the purposes of this Act if he acquires any pecuniary or other interest that could conflict with the proper performance of his duties as a member or employee of the Commission.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 73

(2)

If at any time a member of the Commission has a conflict of interest in relation to:

(a)

any matter before the Commission for consideration or determination; or

(b)

any matter the Commission could reasonably expect might come before it for consideration or determination;

the member shall immediately disclose the conflict of interest to the other members of the Commission and refrain from taking part, or any further part, in the consideration or determination of the matter.

(3)

Where the Commission becomes aware that a member has a conflict of interest in relation to any matter before the Commission, the Commission shall direct the member to refrain from taking part, or taking any further part, in the consideration or determination of the matter.

(4)

If the Chairman has a conflict of interest he shall, in addition to complying with the other provisions of this section, disclose the conflict that exist to the Minister in writing.

(5)

Upon the Commission becoming aware of any conflict of interest, it shall make a determination as to whether in future the conflict is likely to interfere significantly with the proper and effective performance of the functions and duties of the member or the Commission and the member with the conflict of interest shall not vote on this determination.

(6)

Where the Commission determines that the conflict is likely to interfere significantly with the member's proper and effective performance as provided for in sub-section (5), the member shall resign unless the member has eliminated the conflict to the satisfaction of the Commission within 30 days.

(7)

The Commission shall report to the Minister any determination by the Commission that a conflict is likely to interfere significantly with performance as above and whether or not the conflict has been eliminsated to the satisfaction of the Commission.

(8)

The Annual Report of the Commission shall disclose details of all conflicts of interest and determinations arising during the period covered by the Report.

74 No. 8 Fair Competition

^{Code of} 67.-(I) Within twelve months of the commencement of this Act, theConduct

Commission shall adopt a code of conduct prescribing standards of behaviour to be observed by the members and employees of the Commission in the performance of their duties.

(2)

Subject to sub-section (1), before adopting any code of conduct or making any substantial amendments to an existing code of conduct, the Competition Commission shall publish the proposed code or amendments in the Gazette and in a newspaper circulating nationally, inviting public comment.

(3)

The Commission shall include in its Annual Report a report on compliance with the code during the period covered by the Annual Report.

(4)

Code of conduct adopted or prescribed under this section shall be binding on the Commission and its employees.

Power to

68.-(I) The Commission may conduct an inquiry where it considers^hold it necessary or desirable for the purpose of carrying out its functions.

inquiries

(2)

The Commission shall conduct an inquiry before exercising a power to grant, revoke or vary a block exemption under section 12.

(3)

The Minister may, by a direction in writing to the Commission, require the Commission to conduct an inquiry into a matter specified in the direction and may specify in the direction a time within which the Commission shall submit its report on the inquiry and, if so, the Commission shall submit its report to the Minister within that time.

(4)

At the request of a regulatory body the Commission may conduct an inquiry into the matter specified by the regulatory body and provide a report within a period agreed with the regulatory body.

(5)

The Commission shall give notice of an inquiry by:

(a)

publishing a notice in the Gazette and in a daily newspaper circulating generally in Tanzania specifying the purpose of the inquiry, the time within which submissions may be made to the Commission and the form in which submissions should be made, the matters the Commission would like submissions to deal with and in the case of an inquiry conducted at the direction of the Minister, the Minister's terms of references;

(b)

sending written notice of the inquiry, including the information in paragraph (a) to

(i)

undertakings whose interests the Commission considers are likely to be affected by the outcome of the inquiry;

(ii)

the National Consumer Advocacy Council, established under Part XIV,

(iii) industry and consumer organizations which the Commission considers may have an interest in the matter;

(iv) the Minister.

69.-(I) The Commission may initiate a complaint against an alleged Initiating a com

prohibited practice. plaint

(2)

Any person may

(a)

submit information concerning an alleged prohibited practice to the Commission, in any manner or form; or

(b)

submit a complaint against an alleged prohibited practice to the Commission in the prescribed form.

70.-(I) At anytime, whether or not a hearing into an alleged prohibited interim practice, has commenced the complainant may apply to the Commission relief for an interim order in respect of the alleged practice.

(2)

The Commission

(a)

shall give the respondent a reasonable opportunity to be heard, having regard to the urgency of the proceedings; and

(b)

may grant an interim order if it is reasonable and just to do so, having regard to

(i)

the evidence relating to the alleged prohibited practice;

(ii)

the need to prevent serious or irreparable damage to the applicant; and

(iii) the balance of convenience.

71.-(I) Where the Commission has reason to believe that a person is

Power to

capable of supplying information, producing a document or giving evi-obtain

informa

dence that may assist in the performance of any of its functions, a member of the Commission may, by summons signed by the Chairman or Director ^tion General of the Commission served on that person, require that person:

76 No. 8 Fair Competition

(a)

to famish the information in writing signed by him, in the case of a body corporate signed by a competent authorized officer or a legal officer of the body corporate;

(b)

to produce the document to the Commission;

(c)

to appear before the Commission to give evidence orally.

(2)

A summons under this section shall specify the required time and manner of compliance.

(3)

The Commission may require that any evidence referred to under this section be given on oath or affirmation and, for this purpose, the Chairman, the Director-General or any member of the Commission may administer the oath or affirmation.

(4)

A person shall not be excused from complying with a summons under this section on the grounds that compliance may tend to incriminate the person or make the person liable to a penalty, save that information, documents and evidence provided in answer to a summons will not be admissible in any proceedings against the person other than proceedings under this Act.

(5)

Where the Commission has reason to believe that a person is in possession or control of any documents that may assist it in the performance of any of its functions, the Chairman, the Director-General or any member of the Commission, may apply to the Tribunal who, acting through the Chairman, shall issue a warrant authorizing any police officer, accompanied by staff of the Commission duly authorized by the Chairman of the Commission to enter premises to conduct a search and make copies or take extracts of documents therein.

(6)

Any person who

(a)

knowingly gives false or misleading information or evidence in purported compliance with a summons

(b)

without lawful excuse refuses or fails to comply with a

summons; under this section, commits an offence.

I

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 77

72.-(l) The Commission shall employ such staff as it considers ^Employees and

appropriate to enable it to perform its functions and exercise its powers.

Consult

(2)

The Commission may engage consultants and experts, as it ^ants considers appropriate, to assist it to perform its functions and exercise its powers.

(3)

The Commission shall establish a competitive selection procedure for the appointment of all employees, consultants and experts.

(4)

The terms and conditions on which the Commission employs staff and engages consultants and experts shall be as determined by theCommission but shall include the following

(a)

an employee, consultant or expert shall, without delay, notify the Commission in writing of any conflict of interest as soon as it arises and failure to comply with this requirement, whether willfully or inadvertently, will be a ground for immediate dismissal;

(b)

where the Commission becomes aware of a conflict of interest, whether as a result of a notification under paragraph (a) or by any other means, the Commission may direct the person not to participate in the consideration of any matter in relation to which the person has the conflict of interest and, in that case, the person shall comply with the direction.

(5)

Before employing or engaging any person, the Commission shall obtain from the person a written declaration of any existing conflict of interest.

(6)

Persons employed by the Commission as full-time employees shall not undertake any other paid employment or remunerated activities.

(7)

The Commission may enter into agreements with government departments and other government authorities and agencies to share the services of particular employees, as the Chairman considers appropriate.

(8)

The Commission shall include in its Annual Report a report of its competitive selection procedure and its employment practices.

78 No. 8 Fair Competition

Meetings 73.-(l) The Commission shall hold meetings not less than six timesof the

m any period of twelve months and the interval between successive meetings

Commis_sion shall not on any occasion exceed two months.

(2)

The Director-General shall convene meetings of the Commission as directed by the Chairman or if requested in writing by at least half of the members.

(3)

Subject to the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2), the Chairman may convene meetings of the Commission, after consultation with the members, at such times and places as he sees fit.

(4)

The Chairman shall preside at meetings of the Commission and the members may appoint from amongst themselves a Deputy Chairman to preside at meetings in his absence.

(5)

A quorum will be three members including the Chairman or a Deputy Chairman.

(6)

All questions shall be decided by a majority of votes of the members present and voting and, in the event of an equality of votes, the presiding member shall have a deliberative and a casting vote.

(7)

The Chairman may decide that particular meetings of the Commission should be held by telephone, closed circuit television or other method of communication as the Chairman thinks fit.

(8)

A minute of a resolution signed by all members of the Commission shall constitute a valid resolution of the Commission as if it were duly passed at a validly constituted meeting of the Commission.

Delega-74.-(I) The Commission may delegate to a member of the Commission, ^tion either generally or otherwise as provided by the instrument of delegation, any of its powers other than

(a)

duties to make decisions under Part 11 of the Act;

(b)

his power of delegation itself, and

(c)

the powers to revoke or vary delegation.

(2)

A delegated power shall be exercised in accordance with the instrument of delegation.

(3)

A delegation may be revoked or varied at will and shall not prevent the exercise of a power by the Commission.

75.-(I) The Commission shall establish one or more divisions which Estabshall be responsible for investigation and compliance in respect to matters lishment falling under Part 11. ^of

divisions of the

(2)

The Commission shall appoint an employee or employees of the Commis-Commission as Directors of the divisions. sion

(3)

The Commission may establish one or more other divisions to perform other functions, subject to the directions of the Commission as the Commission may from time to time determine.

Confi

76.-(I) In this section ''material'' includes any information, document

dentiality

or evidence.

(2)

Any person who gives or discloses any material to the Commission, whether under compulsion of law or otherwise, may claim confidentiality in respect of the whole or any part of the material.

(3)

A claim for confidentiality may be made at any time before the material is disclosed to persons outside the Commission without any breach of the provisions of this section.

(4)

In the case of oral evidence, the claim may be made orally at the time of giving the evidence and in all other cases it shall be in writing, signed by the person making the claim specifying the material and stating the reason for the claim.

(5)

If the Commission is satisfied that material is of a confidential nature and:

(a)

its disclosure could adversely affect the competitive position of any person; or

(b)

is commercially sensitive for some other reason, the Commission shall grant confidentiality for the material.

80 No. 8 Fair Competition

(6)

The Commission shall give notice in writing to a person making a claim for confidentiality of the Commission's decision to grant or not grant confidentiality and, if it has not granted confidentiality, the Commission shall treat the material as confidential for a period of fourteen days after giving such notification.

(7)

If a claim for confidentiality:

(a)

is made in relation to material supplied to the Commission voluntarily; and

(b)

the Commission decides not to grant confidentiality in whole or in part for the material;

that person who supplied the material may, within the fourteen days period provided under sub-section (6), withdraw the material from the Commission together with other material supplied with it.

(8)

Notwithstanding that the Commission has granted a claim for confidentiality under sub-section (5), the Commission may disclose the material:

(a)

at any time without notice to any other person if

(i)

the disclosure is made to another person who is also performing a function under this Act;

(ii)

the disclosure is made with the consent of the person who gave the material;

(iii) the disclosure is authorised or required under any other Act or law; or

(iv)

the disclosure is authorised or required by a court or tribunal constituted by law; or

(b)

if the Commission is of the opinion that:

(i)

disclosure of the material would not cause detriment to the person supplying it or the person to whom it relates; or

(ii)

although the disclosure of the material would cause detriment to the person supplying it or the person to whom it relates, the public benefit in disclosing it outweighs the detriment;

and the Commission has given fourteen days prior written notice to those persons of its intention to disclose the material pursuant to this provision.

(9)

Any person who is aggrieved by a decision of the Commission under this section not to grant a claim for confidentiality for material or to disclose confidential material may, at any time while the Commission is obliged by this section to keep the material confidential, appeal to the Tribunal against the decision and the Commission shall continue to treat the material confidential pending determination of the appeal.

(10)

Any person who discloses confidential information otherwise than as authorised by this section, commits an offence.

77.-(l) There shall be a Public Register kept by the Commission at Public its principal office, which shall be available for public inspection at all Register times during business hours.

(2)

There shall be kept at any sub-offices of the Commission copies of the Public Register which shall be accessible for inspection by members of the public.

(3)

The Commission shall promptly place on the Public Register copies of

(a)

decisions made in respect to offences committed under sections 8, 9, 1 0 and I 1, decisions to grant or refuse exemptions under sections 12 and 13 and decisions to make or refuse to make orders under Part X and section 70;

(b)

its reasons for granting or refusing exemptions or orders referred to in paragraph (a);

(c)

significant reports and studies;

(d)

all other documents required to be placed on the Public Register under any other provision of this Act; and

(e)

such other decisions and information as the Commission may determine from time to time.

(4)

The Commission shall cause to be published in the Gazette andplaced on the Public Register as soon as may be practicable

(a)

any proposed or adopted code of conduct or amendment to a code of conduct;

(b)

any Regulations, Rules or Orders;

(c)

any other decision or information the Commission may decide to publish in the Gazette.

...

82 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(5)

The Commission shall exclude from the Public Register any document or part of a document which is confidential within the provisions of section 74.

(6)

The Commission shall ensure that, where possible, the Public Register shall be accessible to the public by internet.

Funds of

78.-(I) Funds of the Commission will comprise of ^the (a) fees not exceeding 2.5% of business licences;

Commis

_sion (b) any grants, donations, bequests or other contributions made to the Commission;

(c)

funds allocated to the Commission from the funds of EWURA,SUMATRA, the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority, the Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority and such other regulatory authorities for work done by the Commission or as provided in the other relevant legislation or as may beagreed between the Commission and those authorities respectively,

(d)

funds allocated to the Commission by Parliament;

(e)

fees collected by the Commission;

(f)

all other payment due to the Commission in respect of anymatter incidental to its functions;

(2)

The Commission may make rules prescribing filing fees and other fees to be paid by persons in connection with the procedures of the Commission.

(3)

The Commission shall disclose details of the sources of its funds in the Annual Report.

Accounts 79.-(I) The Commission shall keep books of accounts and maintain ^and proper records of its operations in accordance with accounting standards.

financial audit

(2) The accounts of the Commission may at any time and shall, at the

end of each financial year, be audited by a person registered as an auditor Act No. under the Auditors Accountants (Registration) Act, 1972 appointed by

33 of

the Commission on such terms and conditions as the Commission may¹⁹⁷² determine.

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 83

Performance audit

Annual report

80.-(I) The Controller and Auditor General shall at the request of the Minister conduct performance audit of the Commission's functions particularly in relation to the Commission's key performance indicators, on such terms and conditions as the Minister may determine.

(2) Before the beginning of each financial year the Commission shall adopt key performance indicators for that year and shall include them in its annual report.

81.-(I) Before 30'' September each year, the Commission shall prepare an Annual Report in respect of the year up to the immediately preceding 30th June and submit it to the Minister before 30th November in that year.

(2)

The Annual Report shall provide information regarding the activities and plans of the Commission during the year to which it relates sufficient to impart an accurate understanding of the nature and scope of its activities and its plans and priorities and, without limitation, shall include:

(a)

a copy of the audited accounts of the Commission;

(b)

a copy of any report of the Controller and Auditor General on any performance audit carried out by the Controller and Auditor General during the year to which the Annual Report relates;

(c)

details of the performance of the Commission against its key performance indicators including the number and nature of complaints and applications the Commission has decided or are under consideration, the number and nature of investigations completed and continuing, significant studies and reports completed, undertaken or planned, and the number and nature of inquiries completed, undertaken or planned;

(d)

such information and other material as the Commission may be required by this Act or the regulations to include in the Annual Report;

(e)

such additional information or other material as the Ministermay request in writing.

(3)

The Minister shall cause a copy of the Annual Report to be laid before the National Assembly within two months after receiving it from the Chairman or at the following meeting of the National Assembly.

84 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

82. Before the end of each financial year, the Commission shall cause to be prepared a budget for the following financial year showing estimates of its receipts and expenditures for that financial year and shall submit the budget to the Minister for information and approval.	Budget
PART X111
FAIR COMPETITION TRIBUNAL
83.-(I) There shall be established an independent tribunal which shall be known as the Fair Competition Tribunal to exercise the functions conferred upon it by this Act.	Establishment of the Fair Competi
(2) The Tribunal shall consist of	tion Tribunal
(a) a Chairman who shall be a person holding the office of a Judge	and a nomina

of the High Court appointed by the President after consultation tion

committee

with the Chief Justice, and shall serve on part time basis; and

(b)

six other members appointed to serve on part time basis by the President after consultation with the Attorney-General from candidates nominated by a Nomination Committee established under sub-section (4) of this section.

(3)

No person shall be appointed as a member of the Tribunal other than the Chairman, unless he qualifies for appointment by virtue of his knowledge of, or experience in industry, commerce, economics, law or public administration.

(4)

Whenever a member or members of the Tribunal, other than the Chairman, are to be appointed to the Tribunal, a Nomination Committeeshall be established as follows

(a)

the committee shall be separate from any Nomination Committee established under section 63; and

(b)

the composition, functions and procedure of the NominationCommittee shall be as provided for under the First Schedule subject to the substitution of the Attorney-General for the Minister and of the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry responsible for Justice for the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry responsible for the Commission.

(5)

A member of the Tribunal shall hold office for a period not exceeding three years as specified in the instrument of his appointment and shall be eligible for re-appointment unless, prior to the expiration of that period

(a)

he resigns his office by written notification under his hand addressed to the President; or

(b)

the President, being satisfied that the member is unfit by reason of mental or physical infirmity to perform the duties of his office, or that the member has failed to attend at least three consecutive meetings of the Tribunal, revokes his appointment.

(6)

The quorum for a meeting of the Tribunal shall be the Chairman and two other members.

Judgment 84.-(I) A judgment or order of the Tribunal on any matter before it and shall, subject to sub-section (2), be final.

Orders of Tribunal

(2) Judgments and orders of the Tribunal shall be executed and enforced in the same manner as judgments and orders of the High Court.

Functions 85.-(I) The Tribunal shall have jurisdiction ^of (a) to hear and determine appeals under Part XI of the Act;

Tribunal

(b) to issue warrants in accordance with section 71;

(c) to carry out the functions conferred on it under the EWURA Acts Nos Act, 2001, the SUMATRA Act, 2001, the Tanzania ^{I I} Communications Regulatory Authority Act, 2003, the Tanzania

and 9

Civil Aviation Authority Act, 2003 and any other written law

of 2001

(d) to exercise such other functions and powers as are conferred upon it by the Act;

(2)

The Tribunal may decline to hear an appeal if it considers that the person does not have a pecuniary and material grievance arising from the decision of the Commission. In reaching its decision the Tribunal shall have regard to any regulations on the matters made by the Minister under section 98.

(3)

The Tribunal shall in the exercise of its functions under this Act be guided by the rules of natural justice and shall publish its decisions and the reasons for its decisions in the Public Register.

(4)

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (4) of section 90, the Tribunal shall maintain a Public Register into which all the proceedings and decisions made by it shall be entered.

86 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(5)

The Tribunal shall in the discharge of its functions have all the powers of the High Court in respect of

(a)

enforcing the attendance of witnesses and examining them on
oath, affirmation or otherwise;

(b)

compelling the production of documents; and

(c)

the issue of a Commission or request to examine witnesses
abroad.

(6)

The Tribunal shall be duly constituted if at any time the Chairman and two other members are present.

(7)

Any decision shall be deemed to be a decision of the Tribunal if it is supported by a majority of the members.

(8)

A witness before the Tribunal shall have the immunities and privileges as if he were a witness before the High Court.

86. The Minister shall, after consultation with the Chief Justice, Registrar

and other

appoint an officer to be known as the Registrar of the Tribunal and shall

staff of the

provide to the Tribunal the services of such other officers as the Tribunal

Tribunal

may reasonably require for carrying out its functions under this Act.

87.-(I) Funds of the Tribunal shall comprise -Financial

arrange

(a)

fees paid to the Tribunal; ments of

(b)

funds allocated to the Tribunal by Parliament; ^the

Tribunal

(c)grants, donations, bequests or other contributions made to the
Tribunal; and

(d)

funds allocated to the Tribunal from the funds of EWURA, SUMATRA, the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority, the Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority and other Regulatory Authorities as provided for in the relevant legislation.

(2)

Before the end of each financial year, the Tribunal shall cause to be prepared a budget for the following financial year showing estimates of its receipts and expenditures for that financial year and shall submit the budget to the Minister for information and approval.

(3)

The members of the Tribunal, the Registrar and staff of the Tribunal shall be paid from the funds of the Tribunal such remunerations and allowances as the Minister shall determine.

88.-(I) Any person who -

Obstruc

tion of

Tribunal

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 87

(a)

when summoned, fails or refuses to attend without reasonable excuse;

(b)

having attended as a witness refuses or fails to take an oath or make an affirmation as required by the Tribunal;

(c)

makes any statement before the Tribunal which he knows to be false or which he has no reason to believe to be true;

(d)

omits or suppresses any information required by the Tribunal in the discharge of its functions or relevant to the discharge of those functions; or

(e)

in any manner misleads, obstructs, insults or disturbs the Tribunal, commits an offence.

(2)

The Tribunal shall be empowered to impose a fine of not less than one hundred thousand shilling and not exceeding five million shillings on a person that commits an offence under sub-section (1) of this section.

Rules of

89. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Tribunal may make rules-

Tribunal

(a)

prescribing the manner in which an appeal shall be made to the Tribunal and the fees to be paid in respect of an appeal;

(b)

prescribing the procedure to be adopted by the Tribunal in hearing an appeal and the records to be kept by the Tribunal;

(c)

prescribing the manner m which the Tribunal shall be convened and places where and the time at which the sittings shall be held;

(d)

generally for the better carrying out of the provisions of this Act relating to the Tribunal and appeals thereto.

Procedure 90.-(I) The parties to an appeal may appear before the Tribunal

on appeals

either in person or by an advocate.

to the Tribunal

(2)

The costs of the appeal shall be at the discretion of the Tribunal.

(3)

The Tribunal may, if it considers it is in the interest of the parties or of any of them and is not contrary to the interest of other persons concerned or the public interest, order that a hearing or any part of it shall be held in camera.

(4)

The Tribunal may make an order prohibiting the publication of any report or description of proceedings or of any part of proceedings before it (whether heard in public or in camera) but no such order shall be made prohibiting the publication of the names and descriptions of the parties to an appeal or a decision of the Tribunal.

88 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

91. Where an appeal is brought under Part XI against an order of the Stay of the

Conuni-

Commission, the order shall, unless the Tribunal otherwise orders, be

ssion's

stayed pending the determination of the appeal.

orders pending^{PART XIV} determine-NATIONAL CONSUMER ADVOCACY COUNCIL tion of appeal

Establish

92.-(I) There is hereby established a Council to be known as the

ment of

National Consumer Advocacy Council. _the

Council

(2)

The Council shall consist of not less than five members and not more than ten members appointed by the Minister.

(3)

The Minister shall appoint the Chairman and the Members shall elect the Deputy Chairman from amongst themselves.

(4)

Before making the appointments of members pursuant to sub-section (2), the Minister shall, by notice published in the Gazette, and in any newspaper or newspapers circulating widely in the country, invite nominations for appointments and having received them publish the names and call for comments, objections or representations from the public.

(5)

In appointing persons to the Council, the Minister shall have regard to the desirability of the Council as a group having knowledge and understanding of the interests of consumers, including the interest of

(a)

low income, rural and disadvantaged persons;

(b)

industrial and business users;
(c)government and community organization.

(6)

Subject to the provisions of this Part, the Council in consultation with the Minister shall make its own rules for regulating its procedures and other matters relating to its functions.

93.-(I) In carrying out its functions conferred under this Act, the Functions Council shall -^and

powers of

(a)

represent the interests of consumers by making submissions to, _the providing views and information to and consulting with the Council Commission, regulatory authorities and government ministries;

(b)

receive and disseminate information and views on matters of
interest to consumers;

(c)

establish regional and sector consumer committees and consult
with them;

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 89

(d) consult with industry, government and other consumer groups on matters of interest to consumers.

(2) The Commission shall in the first three years of the existence of the Council provide for the secretarial functions of the Council, and thereafter the Council shall maintain its own secretariat.

Proceed

94.-(I) The Council shall hold meetings at least four times in any

ings of the

Council period of twelve months.

(2)

The Chairman of the Council shall convene meetings of the Council as directed by the Council or if requested by members in writing so to do.

(3)

At least seven days written notice of a meeting shall be given to all members, except in the case of extra-ordinary meetings for which the requirement may be waived.

(4)

Subject to sub-sections (1), (2) and (3), the Chairman in consultation with the members may convene meetings at such time and places as he may think fit.

(5)

The Chairman, in his absence the Deputy Chairman, shall preside at the meetings of the Council.

(6)

A quorum at a meeting of the Council shall be five members.

Funds of 95.-(I) The funds of the Council shall comprise

the Council

(a) such sums as may be appropriated by Parliament for the ^and purposes of the Council;

Annual

Report (b) grants, donations, bequests or other contributions.

(2)

The Council shall keep books of accounts and maintain proper records of its operations in accordance with commercial accounting standards.

(3)

The Council may at any time, and shall at the end of each financial ^{Act No.33} year have the accounts of the Council audited by a person registered

of 1972

under the Auditors and Accountants (Registration) Act, 1972 appointed by the Council on such terms and conditions as the Council may determine.

(4) The Council shall prepare an Annual Report in relation to each year ending 30th June and submit it to the Minister before 30th November in that year.

90 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(5)

The Annual Report shall provide detailed information regarding the activities of the Council during the previous year and any additional information requested by the Minister.

(6)

Within twenty eight days of its receipt or on the first available sitting day thereafter, the Minister shall table in the National Assembly the Annual Report of the Council.

(7)

Subject to sub-section (5), the Annual Report of the Council shall include the financial statements of the Council for the immediately preceding financial year and the auditor's report based on the aforementioned financial statements.

(8)

The Council shall prepare a budget and submit to the Minister for approval before the end of each financial year for the following financial year showing estimates of its receipts and expenditures for the following financial year.

(9)

At the Minister's request, the Council shall commission its auditors to assess and report on the extent to which the budget represents a fair and reasonable projection of the income and expenditure of the Council for the relevant year and shall submit that report to the Minister.

PART XV

INCONSISTENCY WITH OTHER LAWS

96.-(I) Subject only to this section, this Act applies to all persons in allsectors of the economy and shall not be read down, excluded or modified

(a)

by any other Act except to the extent that the Act is passed after the commencement of this Act and expressly excludes or modifies this Act; or

(b)

by any subsidiary legislation whether or not such subsidiary legislation purports to exclude or modify this Act.

(2)

A person shall not contravene this Act by reason only of engaging in a conduct, unless a provision of an enactment specified in sub-section (3):

(a)

requires the person to engage in the conduct or conduct of that kind; or

(b)

authorises or approves the person engaging or refraining from engaging in conduct of that kind.

inconsis tency with other laws

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 91

Acts No. I I and No.9

of 2001;

No. 10 and

12 of 2003

Functions of the Minister

(3)

The enactments referred to in sub-section (2) are: EWURA Act, 2001 SUMATRA Act, 2001 the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Act, 2003 the Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority Act, 2003 and sector legislation referred to in the sector legislation, enactments for the protection of the environment; and, any subsidiary legislation or instrument under any of the aforementioned Acts. ^0.

(4)

Where the Commission is of the opinion that, any conduct required, authorised or approved by a regulatory authority under an enactment referred to in sub-section (3) would be in breach of this Act if sub-section (1) did not apply to the conduct the Commission, shall report the matter to the Minister.

(5)

Where the Minister receives a report from the Commission under sub-section (4), he may direct the relevant regulatory authority to take the necessary steps to ensure that the conduct described by the Commission is not required, authorised or approved by the regulatory authority.

(6)

A person shall not contravene this Act by reason only of engaging in conduct required in order to comply with an enactment other than an enactment referred to in sub-section (3) of this section.

PART XVI

MISCELLANEOUS

97. The functions and powers of the Minister are:

(a)

to appoint members of the Commission other than the Chairman as provided for under section 63;

(b)

to receive reports of any conflicts of interest by the Chairman or other members of the Commission as provided for under section 66;

(c)

to direct the Commission to conduct an inquiry under section 68;

(d)

to request performance audits of the Commission as provided for under section 80;

(e)

to receive the Annual Reports of the Commission and cause a copy to be laid before the National Assembly under section 8 1;

(f)

to receive the budgets of the Commission and request assessmentsof the budgets under section 82;

(g)

to appoint members to the Council, to receive Annual Reportsand budgets of the Council and to request assessments of the budgets under section 95; and

(h)

to make regulations under section 98.

92 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

1. The Minister may, in consultation with the Commission or Tribunal, make regulations not inconsistent with this Act as he considers necessary or desirable to give effect to the provisions of this Act.
2. The Commission may make rules or orders not inconsistent with this Act with respect to:

(a)

matters referred to in the Act as matters on which the Commission may make rules or orders; and

(b)

such other matters as the Commission considers necessary or desirable to give effect to this Act.

100.-(I) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Fair Competition Act, 1994 any rules, regulations, certificates or anything done under the repealed Act or made immediately before the commencement of this Act shall continue to have force until amended or revoked or otherwise dealt with under this Act.

(2) The property, rights and liabilities to which the Commissioner of Trade Practices was entitled or subject immediately before and after the commencement of this Act shall vest in the Commission.

101.-(I) The terms and conditions of employment of any employee or staff from the former Fair Competition Commission who joins the Commission through a competitive recruitment process established in terms of section 63 and 72 shall not be less favourable than those enjoyed by that employee immediately prior to the date on which he joined the service of the Commission.

(2)

The service of any employee or staff of the former Fair Competition Commission who joins the service of the Commission shall be deemed to be continuous with the Fair Competition Commission or with any respective Ministry, public institution.

(3)

An employee or staff of the Fair Competition Commission whose service does not continue with the Commission and where such employee or staff is a member of any statutory, voluntary pension or other superannuate benefits scheme prior to such termination, such employee or staff shall be paid terminal benefits in accordance with the laws and regulations governing such scheme immediately before such termination.

Regulations

Rules

Savings and provisions

Rights of employees

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 93

(4)

Where an employee or staff of the former Fair Competition Commission is not absorbed by the Commission he may be transferred to any other Ministry or public institution, and his service shall be deemed to be continuous and if he was a member of any statutory, voluntary pension or any other superannuate scheme, such employee shall continue to be governed by the same laws and regulations governing such scheme and the employer shall contribute to such scheme accordingly.

(5)

Where an employee or staff whose service with the Fair Competition Commission is deemed to be continuous is a member of any statutory, voluntary pension or any other superannuate scheme, such employee shall continue to be governed by the same laws and regulations governing such scheme and the Commission shall contribute to such scheme accordingly.

(6)

Nothing in this section shall operate so as to create an entitlement for any employee or staff of the Fair Competition Commission to become employees or staff of the Commission.

Repeal of

102. The Fair Competition Act, 1994 is hereby repealed.

Act No.4 of 1994 PART XV11

CONSEQUENTIAL AMENDMENTS

AMENDMENT OF THE SURFACE AND MARINE TRANSPORT

REGULATORY AUTHORITY ACT, 2001

Construe

103. The Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority Act,^tion 2001, is amended in the following manner,

Act No.9

of 2001

Amend-104. Section 3 of the principal Act is amended by

ment of section 3

(a) adding the following definitions in their appropriate alphabeticalpositions

''Code of Conduct'' means a code of conduct adopted by the Authority in accordance with section 10(2);"consultation'' means notify or seek views of the other party or person;

94 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(b) by deleting definiton of the word ''Division'' and substituting
for it on its appropriate alphabetical order the following

''Committee'' means a Committee established by the Authority under section 20;

105. Section 4 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (3), by Amend

ment of

adding immediately after the word ''Authority'' which appears at the

section 4

end of that subsection the words ''and any other person duly authorized in that behalf'.

106. Section 6 of the principal Act is amended - Amend

ment of

(a)

in subsection (1)(b)(v), by adding the words ''for carrying out section 6 the purposes and provisions of this Act and the sector legislation'' immediately after the words ''rules'' appearing at the end of that subsection;

(b)

by adding immediately after subsection (4) the following newsubsection ''(5) Any direction given by the Minister in accordance with

subsection (4) of this section shall be in writing and shall be published in the Government Gazette.''

107. Section 7 of the Principal Act is amended

Amend-

Ment of

(a) in subsection (2), by adding immediately after the word

section 7

''Minister's'' appearing at the end of that subsection the words

''and the appointments shall be made from the respective lists of short listed candidates submitted by the NominationCommittee'';

(b) by deleting subsection (3) and substituting for it the following

''(3) In order to maintain impartiality of the Authority and for the purpose of avoiding conflict of interest, a person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of the Authority if owing to the nature of the office he holds is likely to exert influence on the Authority.''

Amendment of section 9

108. Section 9 of the principal Act is amended by adding immediatelyafter subsection (3) the following new subsection

''(4) The Nomination Committee shall submit to

(a)

the Minister, three names of persons to be forwarded to the President by the Minister to be considered for appointment as Chairman;

(b)

the Minister, ten names of persons to be considered for appointment as Board members;

(c)

the Minister, three names of persons to be considered for appointment as Director-General.''

109. Section I I of the principal Act is amended in subsection (3), bydeleting the words ''Chairman'' and ''he'' appearing in the first andsecond lines and substituting for them the words ''Board'' and ''it''

respectively.

1. Section 13 subsection (1) of the principal Act is amended by deleting the words ''the Board after consultation with'' appearing on the second line.
2. Section 14 of the principal Act is amended by deleting subsection

(7) and substituting for it the following

"(7) The Authority shall comply with the competitive selection procedure established under subsection (6) whenever it appoints employees and consultants.''

112. Section 17 of the principal Act is amended

(a) by deleting the words ''a District Court for grant of a warrant permitting the Authority to enter into any premises at reasonable times to search or inspect the premises for documents in the possession or under the control of the person and make copies of, or take extracts from those documents'' appearing in subsection (6), and substituting for them the words ''the Fair Competition Tribunal which acting through its Chairman, shall issue a warrant authorizing any police officer, accompanied by staff of the Authority duly authorized by the Director-General to enter premises to conduct search and make copies or take extracts of documents therein''

96 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(b) by deleting subsection (8) and substituting for it the following
new subsection

"(8) The Chairman, or any authorized person may, on application, issue a warrant authorizing any police officer to enter by force in the premises to conduct the search and make copies or take extracts of documents therein.''

113. Section 20 of the principal Act is amended by deleting the wordAmend

ment of

''Division'' wherever it appears in subsections (1),(2),(3),(4), and (5)

section 20

and substituting for it the word ''Committee''

114. Section 26 of the principal Act is amended- Amend

ment of

(a)

by deleting subsection (2); section 26

(b)

by renumbering subsections, (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) and

(1 0) as subsections (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9);

(c)

by adding the words ''the Authority to ^{'' immediately after the} word ''to'' which appears in the opening words of subsection

(8)

as renumbered.

Amend

115. Section 27 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (1),

ment of

by deleting the figure '' 1 7'' and substituting for it the figure 442695.

section 27

Amend

116. Section 28 of the principal Act is amended by

ment of

(a) deleting paragraph (d) of subsection (2);

section 28

(b) by renaming paragraph (e) as (d);

117. Section 29 of the principal Act is amended- Amend

ment of

(a) in subsection (2), by deleting the words ''not less than six nor section 29 _{more than ten}~I appearing in the first line of that subsection,

1%

and substituting for them the word ''seven ,

(b) by adding immediately after subsection (5) the following new
subsection

''(6) After the members are appointed under subsection (2) they shall meet to elect their Chairman''

118. Section 30 of the principal Act is amended - Amend

ment of

(a) in subsection (4), by deleting the words ''such times and places _{section 30} as he may think fit'' and substituting for them the words ''at least four times a year''

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 97

(b) in subsection (6) by deleting the word ''five'' and substitutingfor it the word '' four''

Amend

119. Section 33 of the principal Act is amended by adding immediately

ment of

section 33 after paragraph (e) of subsection (1) the following new paragraphs

''(f) imposing the fines and or refunds;

(g)

requiring specific performance;

(h)

setting up an escrow fund;

(i)

appointing Trustees;
0) such other relief as may be deemed reasonable and necessary''

Amend

120. Section 34 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (4)

ment of section 34

(a)

by adding the word '' '' immediately after the word ''part''

or appearing at the end of paragraph (a);

(b)

by deleting paragraph (c).

Amend

ment of 121. Section 36 of the principal Act is amended-

section 36

(a)

in subsection (1), by inserting a word ''not'' between the words

''shall'' and ''contravene''

(b)

in subsection (2), by deleting the word ''Practice'' appearing immediately after the word ''Competition'' which appears in the first line of that subsection.

Amend

122. Section 39 of the principal Act is amended by deleting the word

ment of

section 39 44 specific'' appearing between the words ''sector'' and ''Act''.

Amend

123. Section 42 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (1), by

ment of

deleting the words '' the end of the financial year^{~ appearing at the end}

at

section 42

of that subsection.

Repeal of 124. The principal Act is amended by repealing section 43.

section 43

Amend-125. Section 45 of the principal Act is amended

ment of

section 45 (a) in subsection (1), by deleting the words ''on such terms and conditions as the Minister may determine'' appearing at the end of that subsection;

98 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

(b)

in subsection (2), by deleting the word ''shall'' appearing between the words ''General'' and ''conduct'' and substituting for it the words ''may, in a proper case;''

(c)

by deleting subsection (3).

126. Section 46 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (2) Amend

ment of

by-

section 46

(a)

deleting the figure ''45''appearing in paragraph (a), and
substituting for it the figure ''44'';

(b)

deleting the figure ''45 appearing in paragraph (b), and
substituting for it the figure ''44.''

AMENDMENT OF THE ENERGY AND WATER UTILITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY ACT, 2001

Construe

127. The Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Act, 200 1,

tion Act

herein referred to as ''principal Act'' is amended.

No. I I of 2001

Amend

128. Section 3 of the principal Act is amended

ment of section 3

(a) by adding the following definitions in their appropriate alphabeticalpositions''Code of Conduct'' means a code of conduct adopted by the

Authority in accordance with section 1 1 (2);"consultation'' means notify or seek views of the other party or person;''Committee'' means a Committee established by the Authority under section 21;''

(b) by deleting the definition of the words ''regulated sector ^{11 and}

substituting for it the following "regulated sector'' means

(a)

electricity;

(b)

petroleum;

(c)

natural gas;

(d)

water and sewerage;''

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 99

(c) by deleting the definition of the word ''standards'' and substituting for it the following

''standards'' includes technical and safety standards in the

regulated sectors''_I

(d) by deleting the words ''supply'' and ''distribution'' appearingin the definition of the word ''standards'';

Amend

129. Section 5 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (3) by

ment of

deleting the words ''the Chairman'' and the ''comma'', and by adding

section 5

immediately after the word ''Authority'' which appears at the end of that

subsection the words ''and any other person duly authorised in that

behalf'.

Amend

130. Section 7 of the principal Act is amended

ment of

_{section 7} (a) by adding the words ''for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act and the sector legislation'' immediately after the word ''rules'' appearing at the end of subsection (1)(b) (v);

(b) by adding immediately after subsection (4) the following newsubsection

''(5) Any direction given by the Minister in accordance with subsection (4) of this section shall be in writing and shall be published in the Government Gazette.''

Amend

131. Section 8 of the principal Act is amended by

ment of section 8

(a)

adding immediately after the word ''Minister''appearing at the end of subsection (2) the words ''and the appointments shallbe made from the respective lists of shortlisted candidatessubmitted by the Nomination Committee'';

(b)

by deleting subsection (3) and substituting for it the following

''(3) In order to maintain impartiality of the Authority and for the purpose of avoiding conflict of interest, a person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of the Authority if owing to the nature of the office he holds is likely to exert influence on the Authority.''

(a)

in subsection (6), by deleting the words ''a District Court for grant of a warrant permitting the Authority to enter into any premises at reasonable times to search or inspect the premises for documents in the possession or under the control of the person and make copies of or take extracts from those documents'' appearing in that subsection and substituting for them the words ''the Fair Competition Tribunal which acting through its Chairman, shall issue a warrant authorising any police officer, accompanied by staff of the Authority duly authorised by the Director General to enter premises to conduct search and make copies or take extracts of documents therein;''

(b)

by deleting subsection (8) and substituting for it the followingnew subsection

''(8) The Chairman, or any authorised person may, on application, issue a warrant authorising any police officer to enter by force in the premises to conduct the search and make copies or take extracts of documents therein.''

Amend

139. Section 21 of the principal Act is amended by

ment of section 21

(a)

deleting subsection (1);

(b)

renumbering subsection (3) as subsection (1);

(c)

by deleting the word ''Division'' and substituting for it the word

''Committee'' wherever it appears in subsection (2) as renumbered.

^Amend-140. Section 24 of the principal Act is amended by deleting subsection

ment of

(3) and substituting for it the following-

section 24 "(3) The Authority shall, determine the categories of decisions and information which is to be placed on the Public Register fromtime to time''

Amend

141. Section 27 of the principal Act is amended

ment of

section 27 (d) by deleting subsection (2);

(e) by renumbering subsections, (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) and

(1 0) as subsections (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9);

(f)

by adding the words ''the Authority to ^{'' immediately after the} word ''to'' which appears in the opening words of subsection

(8)

as renumbered.

102 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

142. Section 29 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (2) by-Amend

ment of section 29

(a)

deleting paragraph (d)

(b)

by renaming paragraph (e) as (d).

Amend

143. Section 30 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (2) by

Ment of

deleting the words ''not less than six members or more than ten ^{11 appearing}

section 30

in the first and second lines of that subsection, and substituting for them the word ''seven''

Amend

144. Section 32 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (6) by

ment of

deleting the word ''five'' appearing in that subsection and 'substituting

section 32

for it the word ''four''

145. Section 34 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (7), by Amend

ment of

deleting the words ''in each Division'' appearing in the second line of

section 34

that subsection.

146. Section 35 of the principal Act is amended -^Amend

ment of

(a) designating section 35 as section 35(n( �

section 35

(b)

in subsection (1) as designated, by

(i)

deleting paragraph (a) and substituting for it the following ''(a) imposing fine;''

(ii)

adding immediately after paragraph (e) the following newparagraphs

''(f) requiring specific performance;

(g)

setting up an escrow accounts;

(h)

appointing Trustees;

(i)

for refunds;
0) such other relief as may be deemed reasonable and necessary''.

(iii) under this section the phrase ''escrow account'' means a bank account, generally held in the name of the depositor and an escrow agent, that is returnable to the depositor or paid to a third person on fulfillment of specified conditions.

Amend

147. Section 36 of the principal Act is amended by deleting paragraph

ment of

(c) of subsection (4).

section 36

Amend-148. Section 40 is amended in subsection (1) by deleting the opening

ment of

words of that subsection and substituting for it the following

section 40

''(1) In consultation with the Minister, the Authority may make rules in respect to''

Amend

149. Section 41 of the principal Act is amended by deleting the word

ment of

"specific'' appearing between the words ''sector'' and ''Act''.

section 41

Amend

150. Section 43 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (1), by

ment of

section 43 deleting the word ''other'' appearing in paragraph ( c ) and substituting for it the word ''the.''

Amend-151. Section 44 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (1), by ment of _at15 appearing at the end

deleting the words '' the end of the financial year

section 44

of that subsection.

Amend

152. The principal Act is amended by repealing section 44.

ment of section 45

Amend

153. Section 47 of the principal Act is amended

ment of

section 47 (a) in subsection (1), by deleting the word ''on such terms and conditions as the Minister may determine'' appearing at the end of that subsection;

(b) m subsection (2), by deleting the word ''shall'' appearing between the words ''General'' and ''conduct'' and substituting for it the words ''may, in a proper case.''

Amend

154. Section 48 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (2) by

ment of section 48

(c)

deleting the figure ''46'' appearing in paragraph (a) and substituting for it the figure ''43'';

(d)

deleting the figure ''47 appearing in paragraph (b),and substituting for it the figure ''43.''

104 No. 8 Fair Competition 2003

FIRST SCHEDULE

(Made under sections 63 and 83)

THE NOMINATION COMMITTEE

1.-(1) The Nomination Committee shall consist of three members, namely:

(a)

the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry responsible for the Commission in the case of appointments to the Commission, or the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry responsible for Justice in the case of appointments to the Tribunal, as the case may be, who shall be the Chairman of the Committee; and

(b)

two other persons appointed by the Minister, in the case of appointments to the Commission, or by the Attorney-General in the case of appointments to the Tribunal, as the case may be, one nominated by a body recognized as being representative of private sector and one nominated by a body recognized as being representative of consumers.

(2)

In proposing names of persons for appointment to the Nomination Committee, the body representing the private sector and the body representing consumers shall strive to select persons with relevant knowledge, sound integrity and probity who do not have conflicts of interest.

2. The function of the Nomination Committee shall be to nominate persons for appointment as:

(a)

Member of the Commission;

(b)

Director-General of the Commission; or

(c)

Member of the Tribunal;

3. -(I) The Nomination Committee shall submit to the Attorney-General twelve names of persons to be forwarded to the President by the Attorney- General to be considered for appointment as members of the Tribunal.

(2)

The Nomination Committee shall submit to

(a)

the Minister, three names of persons to be forwarded to the President by the Minister to be considered for appointment as Chairman;

(b)

the Minister, six names of persons to be considered for appointment as members of the Commission;

(c)

the Minister, three names of persons to be considered for appointment as the Director-General of the Commission.

4.-(]) The Nomination Committee shall meet as often as there arises the need for exercise of the function of the Committee.

(2) Meetings of the Committee shall be convened by the Chairman and at such places and times as the Chairman may specify in the notice of the meeting.

Compos-tion of Committee

Functions

Nomina

tion of members of the Tribunal

Meetings of Committee

No. 8 Fair Competition 2003 105

Nominations

Proceedings notinvalidated

e, byirregularity

Absence

from three

consecu

tive

meeting

Committee mayregulate its own proceedings

Qualifications

(3)

The Chairman may on his own motion, and shall, if requested in writing in that behalf by at least one of the other members, convene a meeting of the Committee.

(4)

The Committee may invite any person who is not a member to participate in the deliberations of the Committee, but any person so invited shall have no vote at the meeting.

(5)

A quorum at a meeting of the Committee shall be the Chairman and the two other members.

(6)

Minutes in proper form of each meeting of the Committee shall be kept and shall be confirmed by the Committee at its next meeting.

1. Nominations by the Committee shall be in writing signed by the Chairman and one other member.
2. No act or proceeding of the Committee shall be invalid by reason of any defect or irregularity in the appointment of any member or by reason that any person who purported bona fide to act as a member at the time of the act or proceeding was in fact disqualified or not entitled to act as a member.
3. Where any member absents himself from three consecutive meetings of the Committee without sufficient cause, the Committee shall advise the Minister or the Attorney-General, as the case may be, of the fact and the Minister or the Attorney-General may terminate the appointment of the member and appoint another member in his place.
4. Subject to this Act, the Committee shall have power to regulate its procedure in relation to its meetings and the transaction of its business.

SECOND SCHEDULE

(Made under section 62)

QUALIFICATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DIRECTOR - GENERAL

I.-(I) A person appointed as the Director-General shall

(a)

be graduate of a recognised university;

(b)

possess at least ten years experience in one or more of the fields of management, law, economics or finance;

(c)

satisfy the Board that he is unlikely to have a conflict of interest under section I 1;

(d)

be willing to serve as the Director-General;

(e)

be in the opinion of the Board otherwise well suited to perform the functions
and duties of Director-General competently and honestly.

2. The Director-General shall also be the Chief Executive Officer of the Commission Director and shall not engage in any other paid employment. General to

be Chef Executive

3. The Director- General shall be responsible for the day today operations of the Officer Commission subject to the directions of the Board.

Responsibilities

Passed in the National Assembly on the ^nd2 April, 2003

Clerk of the National Assembly