Foreign Trade Law of the People’s Republic of China
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Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is enacted with a view to opening wider to the outside world, developing foreign trade, maintaining foreign trade order, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of foreign trade dealers and promoting the sound development of the socialist market economy.
Article 2 This Law is applicable to foreign trade and the protection of foreign-trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights. For purposes of this Law, foreign trade refers to the import and export of goods and technologies, and international service trade.
Article 3 The department for foreign trade under the State Council is in charge of foreign trade throughout the country pursuant to this Law.
Article 4 The State applies a unified system of foreign trade, encourages the development of foreign trade and preserves a fair and free foreign trade order.
Article 5 The People’s Republic of China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, promotes and develops trade relations with other countries and regions, concludes or accedes to such regional economic and trade agreements as tariff alliances agreement and free trade zone agreement, and joins regional economic organizations.
Article 6 In the field of foreign trade, the People’s Republic of China, in accordance with the international treaties and agreements it has signed or acceded to, grants the other signatories or acceding parties most-favored-nation treatment or national treatment, or on the principle of mutual benefit and reciprocity, grants the other party most-favored-nation treatment or national treatment, etc.
Article 7 In the event that any country or region adopts prohibitive, restrictive or other similar measures that are discriminatory in nature against the People’s Republic of China in trade, the People’s Republic of China may, in light of the actual conditions, take countermeasures against the country or region accordingly.
Chapter II Foreign Trade Dealers
Article 8 For purposes of this Law, foreign trade dealers refer to the legal persons, other organizations or individuals that have gone through the formalities of industrial, commercial or other registration in accordance with law and engage in foreign trade activities in compliance with the provisions of this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations.
Article 9 A foreign trade dealer who intends to engage in the import and export of goods or technologies shall register with the department for foreign trade under the State Council or the body it entrusts with the registration, unless otherwise prescribed by laws, administrative regulations or by the said department.
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The specific measures for registration shall be formulated by the department. Where a foreign trade dealer fails to register as required by regulations, the Customs shall not process the procedures of declaration, inspection and release for the import or export of goods.
Article 10 The units and individuals engaged in international trade in services shall observe the provisions of this Law, and of the relevant laws and administrative regulations. The units engaged in contracted construction of foreign projects or service cooperation with other countries shall have the necessary eligibility or qualification. The specific measures in this regard shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 11 The State may put the import and export of certain goods under the control of State- operated trading. Such goods shall only be imported and exported by the authorized enterprises, expect the import and export of certain quantities of the goods under State- operated trading which the State permits to be operated by unauthorized enterprises. The catalogues of the goods under the control of State- operated trading and the authorized enterprises shall be determined, adjusted and published by the department for foreign trade under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant department under the State Council. Where, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of this Article, the goods under State- operated trading are imported or exported without authorization, the Customs shall not grant to them clearance.
Article 12 A foreign trade dealer may accept the entrustment by another person to engage in foreign trade as an agent within the scope of its business operations.
Article 13 A foreign trade dealer shall, in accordance with the regulations laid down according to law by the department for foreign trade under the State Council or any other relevant department under the State Council, submit to relevant departments the documents and information related to its foreign trade activities. The latter shall keep the business secrets for the former. Chapter III Import and Export of Goods and Technologies
Article 14 The State permits free import and export of goods and technologies, except where otherwise provided for in laws and administrative regulations.
Article 15 The department for foreign trade under the State Council may, based on the need to monitor imports and exports, implement an automatic import and export licensing system for certain goods subject to free import and export and shall publish the catalogue thereof. Where the consignee or consigner, before going through the Customs declaration formalities, submits an application for automatic licensing for the import or export of the goods under such licensing, the department for foreign trade under the State Council or its authorized department shall grant permission to it . The Customs shall not grant clearance to the goods for which the formalities for automatic licensing are not gone through. In the case of importing or exporting technologies subject to free import and export, the contracts thereof shall be registered with the department for foreign trade under the State Council or the authority it entrusts with such registration.
Article 16 For the following reasons, the State may restrict or prohibit the import or export of relevant goods and technologies:
(1) for safeguarding State security, and public interests and ethics, it is necessary to restrict or prohibit
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their import and export; (2) for protecting human health or safety, the lives or health of animals and plants, or the environment, it is necessary to restrict or prohibit their import or export; (3) for implementing the measures related to the import and export of gold and silver, it is necessary to restrict or prohibit their import or export; (4) because of short supply on domestic market or for effective conservation of exhaustible natural resources, it is necessary to restrict or prohibit their export; (5) because of the limited market capacity of the importing country or region, it is necessary to restrict their export; (6) because of serious chaos in export order, it is necessary to restrict their export; (7) for establishing or speeding up the establishment of a particular domestic industry, it is necessary to restrict their import; (8) it is necessary to restrict the import of agricultural, animal husbandry and fishery products of any form; (9) for maintaining the State’s international financial position and the balance of international receipts and payments, it is necessary to restrict their import; (10) other goods the import or export of which needs to be restricted or prohibited, as required by laws and administrative regulations; or (11) other goods the import or export of which needs to be restricted or prohibited in accordance with the provisions of international treaties or agreements signed or acceded to by the People’s Republic of China.
Article 17 With regard to the import and export of goods and technologies related to fissile and fusion material or the substances from which such material is derived, and the imports and exports related to arms, ammunition or other military supplies, the State may adopt any necessary measures to safeguard State security. In wartime or for the purpose of preserving international peace and security, the State may adopt any necessary measures in respect of the import and export of goods and technologies.
Article 18 The department for foreign trade under the State Council shall, in conjunction with other departments under the State Council and in accordance with the provisions in Articles 16 and 17 of this Law, formulate, adjust and publish the catalogue of goods and technologies that are restricted or prohibited for import or export. With the approval of the State Council, the department for foreign trade under the State Council or the said department in conjunction with other relevant departments under the State Council may, within the scope specified by the provisions in Article 16 and 17 of this Law, decide on temporary restriction or prohibition on the import or export of specific goods and technologies other than the ones listed in the catalogue mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
Article 19 The State exercises control of the goods subject to import or export restriction through quotas, licensing, etc; with regard to the technologies the import or export of which is restricted, it exercises control through licensing. The goods and technologies subject to control through quotas or licensing may only be imported or exported upon permission by the department for foreign trade under the State Council, or upon permission jointly by the department and the relevant departments under the State Council, as required by the regulations of the State Council. The State exercises control of part of the imported goods through tariff-rate quota.
Article 20 Quotas for imported and exported goods and tariff-rate quotas shall be distributed by the department for foreign trade under the State Council or the relevant departments under the State Council
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within the limits of their respective responsibilities, on the principles of openness, fairness, impartiality and efficiency. The specific measures in this regard shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 21 The State implements a unified commodity assessment system and, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations, carries out certification, inspection and quarantine in respect of imported and exported commodities.
Article 22 The State applies rules of origin to the imported and exported goods. The specific measures in this regard shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 23 Where the import or export of cultural relics, wild animals and plants and their products are prohibited or restricted by the provisions of other laws or administrative regulations, the provisions of those laws and administrative regulations shall prevail.
Chapter IV International Trade in Services
Article 24 In respect of international trade in services, the People’s Republic of China shall, in accordance with its commitments made in the international treaties or agreements it has signed or acceded to, grant the other signatories and acceding parties market access and national treatment. Article 25 The department for foreign trade under the State Council and the relevant departments under the State Council shall, pursuant to the provisions of this Law and the relevant laws and administrative regulations, regulate international trade in services.
Article 26 For any of the following reasons, the State may restrict or prohibit the relevant international trade in services:
(1) restrictions or prohibitions are needed for safeguarding State security and public interests and ethics; (2) restrictions or prohibitions are needed for protecting human health or safety, the lives or health of animals and plants, or the environment; (3) restrictions are needed for establishing or speeding up the establishment of a particular domestic service industry; (4) restrictions are needed for maintaining the balance of receipts and payments of the State in foreign exchanges; (5) restrictions or prohibitions are needed for other reasons, as laws and administrative regulations so provide; or (6) restrictions or prohibitions are needed for other reasons, as required by the provisions of the international treaties or agreements which China has signed or acceded to.
Article 27 With regard to military-related international trade in services, and international trade in services related to fissile and fusion material or the substances from which such material is derived, the State may adopt any necessary measure to safeguard State security. In wartime or for the purpose of preserving international peace and security, the State may adopt any necessary measure in respect of international trade in services.
Article 28 The department for foreign trade under the State Council shall, in conjunction with the relevant departments under the State Council and in accordance with the provisions in Articles 26 and 27 of this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations, formulate, adjust and publish the market access
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catalogue of international trade in services.
Chapter V Protection of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Article 29 The State protects trade-related intellectual property rights in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations concerning intellectual property rights. Where any imported goods infringe upon intellectual property rights and impair foreign trade order, the department for foreign trade under the State Council may take such measures as prohibiting, for a specified period of time, the import of the relevant goods produced or sold by the infringer.
Article 30 Where the owner of a intellectual property right commits any of the acts, such as preventing the licensee from challenging the validity of the intellectual property right in the licensing contract, imposing mandatory package licensing on the licensee or incorporating exclusive grant-back conditions in the licensing contract, which undermines the order of fair competition in foreign trade, the department for foreign trade under the State Council may take any necessary measures to eliminate the harm done.
Article 31 If any country or region fails to grant the legal persons, other organizations or individuals from the People’s Republic of China national treatment in respect of protection of intellectual property rights, or cannot adequately and effectively protect the intellectual property rights in respect of the goods, technologies or services from the People’s Republic of China, the department for foreign trade under the State Council may, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the relevant laws and administrative regulations, and the international treaties or agreements which the People’s Republic of China has signed or acceded to, take any necessary measures in respect of trade with the country or region in question.
Chapter VI Foreign Trade Order
Article 32 In foreign trade activities, monopolistic behavior in violation of the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations against monopoly is not allowed. In foreign trade activities, any monopolistic behavior that jeopardizes fair market competition shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations against monopoly. In the event that violations as mentioned in the preceding paragraph are committed, which undermine foreign trade order, the department for foreign trade under the State Council may take any necessary measures to eliminate the harm done.
Article 33 In foreign trade activities, no one may engage in unfair competition, such as selling commodities at unreasonably low prices, colluding with another person in a tender, publishing false advertisements and practising commercial bribery. Any unfair competition in foreign trade activities shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations against unfair competition. In the event that violations as mentioned in the preceding paragraph are committed, which undermine foreign trade order, the department for foreign trade under the State Council may take any measures such as prohibiting the dealer from importing and exporting relevant goods and technologies to eliminate the harm done.
Article 34 In foreign trade activities, none of the following acts may be committed:
(1) forging or falsifying marks of origin of imported or exported goods; forging, falsifying or dealing in
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origin certificates of imported or exported goods, import or export licenses, certificates of import or export quotas, or any other import or export certificates; (2) obtaining export tax refund by fraudulent means; (3) smuggling; (4) evading certification, inspection or quarantine which is required by laws and administrative regulations; or (5) other acts in violation of the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.
Article 35 In foreign trade activities, foreign trade dealers shall act in compliance with the regulations of the State governing foreign exchange control. Article 36 The department for foreign trade under the State Council may make known to the public any violations of this Law, which undermine foreign trade order.
Chapter VII Foreign Trade Investigation
Article 37 To maintain foreign trade order, the department for foreign trade under the State Council may, on its own or jointly with the relevant departments under the State Council, investigate the following matters in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations:
(1) the impact on domestic industries and their competitiveness exerted by the imported and exported goods, imported or exported technologies, and international trade in services; (2) trade barriers erected by relevant countries or regions; (3) matters needing to be investigated in order to determine whether such foreign trade remedies as anti-dumping, countervailing duties and safeguards should be taken in accordance with law; (4) acts circumventing foreign trade remedies; (5) matters concerning State security and interests in foreign trade; (6) matters needing to be investigated in order to enforce the provisions in Article 7, the second paragraph of Article 29, Articles 30 and 31, the third paragraph of Article 32 and of Article 33; and (7) other matters that may have an impact on foreign trade order. Article 38 The initiation of a foreign trade investigation shall be announced by the department for foreign trade under the State Council.
The investigation may be conducted in the form of written questionnaire, hearing, on-the-spot investigation, entrusted investigation, etc. The department for foreign trade under the State Council shall, based on the findings, submit an investigation report or make a ruling, and make the matter known to the public.
Article 39 The units and individuals concerned shall cooperate and assist in foreign trade investigation. The department for foreign trade under the State Council and the relevant departments under the State Council and their staff members shall have the obligation to keep confidential the State secrets and business secrets they come to know in the course of foreign trade investigation.
Chapter VIII Foreign Trade Remedies
Article 40 The State may, based on the findings of foreign trade investigation, take appropriate measures of foreign trade remedies. Article 41 Where a product from another country or region is dumped into the domestic market at a price lower than its normal value, thus causing or threatening to cause substantive damage to an established
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domestic industry, or presenting a substantive impediment to the establishment of a domestic industry, the State may take anti-dumping measures to eliminate or mitigate such damage, threat of damage, or impediment.
Article 42 Where a product from another country or region is exported to the market of a third country at a price lower than its normal value, thus causing or threatening to cause substantive damage to an established domestic industry, or presenting a substantive impediment to the establishment of a domestic industry, the department for foreign trade under the State Council may, in response to the application submitted by the domestic industry, conduct consultations with the government of that third country and request it to take appropriate measures.
Article 43 Where an imported product to which specific subsidies of any form are directly or indirectly granted by the exporting country or region causes or threatens to cause substantive damage to an established domestic industry, or presents a substantive impediment to the establishment of a domestic industry, the State may take countervailing measures to eliminate or mitigate such damage or threat of damage, or impediment.
Article 44 Where the substantial increase in the quantities of an imported product causes or threatens to cause serious damage to a domestic producer of like product or a manufacturer of a product directly competitive to the imported one, the State may take the necessary safeguard measures to eliminate or mitigate such damage or threat of damage and, at the same time, provide the industry concerned with the necessary support.
Article 45 Where the increase in the services provided to China by the service supplier of another country or region causes or threatens to cause damage to the domestic industry that provides like or directly competitive services, the State may take the necessary remedies measures to eliminate or mitigate such damage or threat of damage.
Article 46 Where the substantial increase in the quantities of a certain product imported into the domestic market, as a result of the restrictions imposed by a third country on its import, causes or threatens to cause damage to an established domestic industry, or presents a impediment to the establishment of a domestic industry, the State may take the necessary remedies measures to restrict the import of the said product.
Article 47 Where a country or region that has signed or jointly acceded to the economic and trade treaties or agreements with the People’s Republic of China violates the provisions of such treaties and agreements and thus causes losses or damage to the interests the People’s Republic of China is entitled to under these treaties and agreements, or impedes the achievement of the objectives set in the treaties and agreements, the government of the People’s Republic of China has the right to request the government of the country or region concerned to take appropriate remedies measures and may suspend or terminate its performance of relevant obligations in compliance with the relevant treaties and agreements.
Article 48 The department for foreign trade under the State Council shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and relevant laws, carry out bilateral or multilateral foreign trade consultations and negotiations and settle disputes over such trade.
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Article 49 The department for foreign trade under the State Council and the relevant departments under the State Council shall establish precaution and emergency mechanism for the import and export of goods and of technologies and for the international trade in services to cope with unexpected and unusual situations in foreign trade and safeguard the economic security of the State.
Article 50 The State may take the necessary anti-circumvention measures against the activities that circumvent the foreign trade remedies measures prescribed in this Law.
Chapter IX Promotion of Foreign Trade
Article 51 The State formulates strategies for the development of foreign trade, and establishes and improves the mechanism for promoting foreign trade.
Article 52 The State, in light of the need for the development of foreign trade, establishes and improves financial institutions in the service of foreign trade and establishes development fund and risk fund for foreign trade.
Article 53 The State develops foreign trade by means of import and export credit, export credit insurance, export tax refund and other means designed to promote foreign trade.
Article 54 The State establishes a system of public information service for foreign trade, providing foreign trade dealers and the public with information services. Article 55 The State takes measures to encourage foreign trade dealers to exploit international market, and extend foreign trade by a variety of means such as investment abroad, contract for foreign construction projects and overseas labor service cooperation.
Article 56 Foreign trade dealers may establish or join relevant associations or chambers of commerce in accordance with law. The relevant associations and chambers of commerce shall observe laws and administrative regulations; in compliance with their articles of association, provide their members with foreign-trade-related services in production, marketing, information, training, etc.; play the role of coordination and self-discipline; submit applications for foreign trade remedies measures according to law; safeguard the interests of their members and the industry; report to relevant government departments suggestions made by their members regarding foreign trade; and carry out activities for promotion of foreign trade.
Article 57 The organization for the promotion of international trade in China shall, in accordance with its articles of association, develop external relations, hold exhibitions, provide information and advisory services and carry out other activities to promote foreign trade.
Article 58 The State supports and facilitates small and medium-sized enterprises to develop foreign trade.
Article 59 The State supports and promotes the development of foreign trade in ethnic autonomous regions and economically under-developed areas.
Chapter X Legal Responsibility
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Article 60 The department for foreign trade under the State Council or the relevant department under the State Council may impose a fine of not more than RMB 50,000 yuan on enterprise that, in violation of the provisions in Article 11 of this Law and without authorization, imports or exports the goods subject to control of State-operated trading, and if the circumstances are serious, it may, within three years from the date the administrative penalty decision takes effect, refuse to accept the application submitted by the offender for engaging in the business of import and export of the goods subject to control of State-operated trading , or may withdraw the authorization granted to the offender for the import and export of other goods subject to control of State-operated trading.
Article 61 Any dealer who imports or exports the goods the import and export of which are prohibited or, without authorization, imports or exports the goods import and export of which are restricted shall be dealt with and penalized by the Customs in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations; if its act constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. Any dealer who imports or exports the technologies the import and export of which are prohibited or, without authorization, imports or exports the technologies the import and export of which are restricted shall be dealt with and penalized in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations. Where there are no provisions in laws or administrative regulations to go by, the department for foreign trade under the State Council shall order it to rectify, confiscate its unlawful gains and, in addition, impose a fine of not less than the amount of the unlawful gains but not more than five times that amount. If there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 10,000 yuan, a fine of not more than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed. If its act constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. Within three years from the date the administrative penalty decision or the criminal penalty judgment takes effect, as specified in the preceding two paragraphs, the department for foreign trade under the State Council or the relevant department under the State Council may refuse to accept the application submitted by the offender for import or export quotas or license, or prohibit the offender from engaging in the import or export of relevant goods and technologies for a period of not less than one year but not more than three years.
Article 62 Any dealer that engages in the international trade in services subject to prohibition or, without authorization, engages in the international trade in services subject to restriction shall be penalized in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. Where there are no provisions in laws or administrative regulations to go by, the department for foreign trade under the State Council shall order it to rectify, confiscate its unlawful gains and, in addition, impose a fine of not less than the amount of the unlawful gains but not more than five times that amount. If there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 10,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed. If its act constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. The department for foreign trade under the State Council may prohibit the offender from engaging in the relevant international trade in services for a period of not less than one year but not more than three years from the date the administrative penalty decision or the criminal penalty judgment takes effect, as specified in the preceding paragraph.
Article 63 Any dealer that violates the provisions in Article 34 of this Law shall be penalized in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. If its act constitutes a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. The department for foreign trade under the State Council may prohibit the offender from engaging in the relevant foreign trade activities for a period of not less than one year but not more than three years from the date the administrative penalty decision or the criminal penalty judgment takes effect, as specified in
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the preceding paragraph.
Article 64 During the period of time in which a foreign trade dealer is prohibited, in accordance with the provisions in Articles 61, 62 and 63 of this Law, from engaging in the relevant foreign trade activities, the Customs shall, in accordance with the prohibition decision made by the department for foreign trade under the State Council according to law, refuse to process the procedures of declaration, inspection and release for the relevant goods imported or exported by the said dealer, and the foreign exchange control department or the designated foreign exchange bank shall not handle the exchange settlement or sale for it.
Article 65 Where a staff member of the department responsible for foreign trade administration in accordance with this Law neglects his duties, commits irregularities for personal gain or abuses his power, which constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility. If his act is not serious enough to constitute a crime, he shall be given an administrative sanction according to law. Where a staff member of the department responsible for foreign trade administration in accordance with this Law, taking advantage of his position, extorts money or things of value from another person or illegally accepts another person’s money or things of value in order to seek benefits for that person in return, which constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law. If his act is not serious enough to constitute a crime, he shall be given an administrative sanction according to law.
Article 66 Any party engaged in foreign trade activities, who is not satisfied with the specific administrative act by the department responsible for foreign trade administration in accordance with this Law, may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit before the people’s court in accordance with law.
Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions
Article 67 Where other laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise in respect of foreign trade administration of military supplies, fissionable or fusionable material or the substances from which such material is derived and the administration of the import and export of cultural products, the provisions there shall prevail.
Article 68 The State adopts flexible measures, and provides preferential treatment and convenience to trade between the border areas of China and those of its neighboring countries as well as trade among border residents. The specific measures in this regard shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 69 This Law is not applicable to the separate customs territories of the People’s Republic of China.
Article 70 This Law shall go into effect as of July 1, 2004.
《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》
全文
目 录
第一章 总则 第二章 对外贸易经营者 第三章 货物进出口与技术进出口 第四章 国际服务贸易 第五章 与对外贸易有关的知识产权保护第六章 对外贸易秩序 第七章 对外贸易调查 第八章 对外贸易救济 第九章 对外贸易促进 第十章 法律责任 第十一章 附则
第一章 总 则
第一条为了扩大对外开放，发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，保护对外贸易经营者的合法权益，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，制定本法。 第二条本法适用于对外贸易以及与对外贸易有关的知识产权保护。 本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。 第三条国务院对外贸易主管部门依照本法主管全国对外贸易工作。 第四条国家实行统一的对外贸易制度，鼓励发展对外贸易，维护公平、自由的对外贸易秩序。 第五条中华人民共和国根据平等互利的原则，促进和发展同其他国家和地区的贸易关系，缔结或者参加关税同盟协定、自由贸易区协定等区域经济贸易协定，参加区域经济组织。 第六条中华人民共和国在对外贸易方面根据所缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，给予其他缔约方、参加方最惠国待遇、国民待遇等待遇，或者根据互惠、对等原则给予对方最惠国待遇、国民待遇等待遇。 第七条任何国家或者地区在贸易方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者该地区采取相应的措施。
第二章 对外贸易经营者
第八条本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依法办理工商登记或者其他执业手续，依照本法和其他有关法律、行政法规的规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人、其他组织或者个人。 第九条从事货物进出口或者技术进出口的对外贸易经营者，应当向国务院对外贸易主管部门或者其委托的机构办理备案登记；但是，法律、行政法规和国务院对外贸易主管部门规定不需要备案登记的除外。备案登记的具体办法由国务院对外贸易主管部门规定。对外贸易经营者未按照规定办理备案登记的，海关不予办理进出口货物的报关验放手续。 第十条从事国际服务贸易，应当遵守本法和其他有关法律、行政法规的规定。 从事对外工程承包或者对外劳务合作的单位，应当具备相应的资质或者资格。具体办法由国务院规定。 第十一条国家可以对部分货物的进出口实行国营贸易管理。实行国营贸易管理货物的进出口业务只能由经授权的企业经营；但是，国家允许部分数量的国营贸易管理货物的进出口业务由非授权企业经营的除外。实行国营贸易管理的货物和经授权经营企业的目录，由国务院对外贸易主管部门会同国务院其他有关部门确定、调整并公布。 违反本条第一款规定，擅自进出口实行国营贸易管理的货物的，海关不予放行。 第十二条对外贸易经营者可以接受他人的委托，在经营范围内代为办理对外贸易业务。 第十三条对外贸易经营者应当按照国务院对外贸易主管部门或者国务院其他有关部门依法作出的规定，向有关部门提交与其对外贸易经营活动有关的文件及资料。有关部门应当为提供者保守商业秘密。
第三章 货物进出口与技术进出口
第十四条国家准许货物与技术的自由进出口。但是，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。 第十五条国务院对外贸易主管部门基于监测进出口情况的需要，可以对部分自由进出口的货物实行进出口自动许可并公布其目录。 实行自动许可的进出口货物，收货人、发货人在办理海关报关手续前提出自动许可申请的，国务院对外贸易主管部门或者其委托的机构应当予以许可；未办理自动许可手续的，海关不予放行。 进出口属于自由进出口的技术，应当向国务院对外贸易主管部门或者其委托的机构办理合同备案登记。 第十六条国家基于下列原因，可以限制或者禁止有关货物、技术的进口或者出口： （一）为维护国家安全、社会公共利益或者公共道德，需要限制或者禁止进口或者出口的； （二）为保护人的健康或者安全，保护动物、植物的生命或者健康，保护环境，需要限制或者禁止进口或者出口的； （三）为实施与黄金或者白银进出口有关的措施，需要限制或者禁止进口或者出口的； （四）国内供应短缺或者为有效保护可能用竭的自然资源，需要限制或者禁止出口的； （五）输往国家或者地区的市场容量有限，需要限制出口的； （六）出口经营秩序出现严重混乱，需要限制出口的； （七）为建立或者加快建立国内特定产业，需要限制进口的； （八）对任何形式的农业、牧业、渔业产品有必要限制进口的； （九）为保障国家国际金融地位和国际收支平衡，需要限制进口的； （十）依照法律、行政法规的规定，其他需要限制或者禁止进口或者出口的； （十一）根据我国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定的规定，其他需要限制或者禁止进口或者出口的。 第十七条国家对与裂变、聚变物质或者衍生此类物质的物质有关的货物、技术进出口，以及与武器、弹药或者其他军用物资有关的进出口，可以采取任何必要的措施，维护国家安全。 在战时或者为维护国际和平与安全，国家在货物、技术进出口方面可以采取任何必要的措施。 第十八条国务院对外贸易主管部门会同国务院其他有关部门，依照本法第十六条和第十七条的规定，制定、调整并公布限制或者禁止进出口的货物、技术目录。 国务院对外贸易主管部门或者由其会同国务院其他有关部门，经国务院批准，可以在本法第十六条和第十七条规定的范围内，临时决定限制或者禁止前款规定目录以外的特定货物、技术的进口或者出口。 第十九条国家对限制进口或者出口的货物，实行配额、许可证等方式管理；对限制进口或者出口的技术，实行许可证管理。 实行配额、许可证管理的货物、技术，应当按照国务院规定经国务院对外贸易主管部门或者经其会同国务院其他有关部门许可，方可进口或者出口。 国家对部分进口货物可以实行关税配额管理。 第二十条进出口货物配额、关税配额，由国务院对外贸易主管部门或者国务院其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，按照公开、公平、公正和效益的原则进行分配。具体办法由国务院规定。 第二十一条国家实行统一的商品合格评定制度，根据有关法律、行政法规的规定，对进出口商品进行认证、检验、检疫。 第二十二条国家对进出口货物进行原产地管理。具体办法由国务院规定。 第二十三条对文物和野生动物、植物及其产品等，其他法律、行政法规有禁止或者限制进出口规定的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定执行。
第四章 国际服务贸易
第二十四条中华人民共和国在国际服务贸易方面根据所缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定中所作的承诺，给予其他缔约方、参加方市场准入和国民待遇。 第二十五条国务院对外贸易主管部门和国务院其他有关部门，依照本法和其他有关法律、行政法规的规定，对国际服务贸易进行管理。 第二十六条国家基于下列原因，可以限制或者禁止有关的国际服务贸易： （一）为维护国家安全、社会公共利益或者公共道德，需要限制或者禁止的； （二）为保护人的健康或者安全，保护动物、植物的生命或者健康，保护环境，需要限制或者禁止的； （三）为建立或者加快建立国内特定服务产业，需要限制的； （四）为保障国家外汇收支平衡，需要限制的； （五）依照法律、行政法规的规定，其他需要限制或者禁止的； （六）根据我国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定的规定，其他需要限制或者禁止的。 第二十七条国家对与军事有关的国际服务贸易，以及与裂变、聚变物质或者衍生此类物质的物质有关的国际服务贸易，可以采取任何必要的措施，维护国家安全。 在战时或者为维护国际和平与安全，国家在国际服务贸易方面可以采取任何必要的措施。 第二十八条国务院对外贸易主管部门会同国务院其他有关部门，依照本法第二十六条、第二十七条和其他有关法律、行政法规的规定，制定、调整并公布国际服务贸易市场准入目录。
第五章 与对外贸易有关的知识产权保护
第二十九条国家依照有关知识产权的法律、行政法规，保护与对外贸易有关的知识产权。 进口货物侵犯知识产权，并危害对外贸易秩序的，国务院对外贸易主管部门可以采取在一定期限内禁止侵权人生产、销售的有关货物进口等措施。 第三十条知识产权权利人有阻止被许可人对许可合同中的知识产权的有效性提出质疑、进行强制性一揽子许可、在许可合同中规定排他性返授条件等行为之一，并危害对外贸易公平竞争秩序的，国务院对外贸易主管部门可以采取必要的措施消除危害。 第三十一条其他国家或者地区在知识产权保护方面未给予中华人民共和国的法人、其他组织或者个人国民待遇，或者不能对来源于中华人民共和国的货物、技术或者服务提供充分有效的知识产权保护的，国务院对外贸易主管部门可以依照本法和其他有关法律、行政法规的规定，并根据中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，对与该国家或者该地区的贸易采取必要的措施。
第六章 对外贸易秩序
第三十二条在对外贸易经营活动中，不得违反有关反垄断的法律、行政法规的规定实施垄断行为。 在对外贸易经营活动中实施垄断行为，危害市场公平竞争的，依照有关反垄断的法律、行政法规的规定处理。有前款违法行为，并危害对外贸易秩序的，国务院对外贸易主管部门可以采取必要的措施消除危害。 第三十三条在对外贸易经营活动中，不得实施以不正当的低价销售商品、串通投标、发布虚假广告、进行商业贿赂等不正当竞争行为。 在对外贸易经营活动中实施不正当竞争行为的，依照有关反不正当竞争的法律、行政法规的规定处理。 有前款违法行为，并危害对外贸易秩序的，国务院对外贸易主管部门可以采取禁止该经营者有关货物、技术进出口等措施消除危害。 第三十四条在对外贸易活动中，不得有下列行为： （一）伪造、变造进出口货物原产地标记，伪造、变造或者买卖进出口货物原产地证书、进出口许可证、进出口配额证明或者其他进出口证明文件； （二）骗取出口退税； （三）走私； （四）逃避法律、行政法规规定的认证、检验、检疫； （五）违反法律、行政法规规定的其他行为。 第三十五条对外贸易经营者在对外贸易经营活动中，应当遵守国家有关外汇管理的规定。 第三十六条违反本法规定，危害对外贸易秩序的，国务院对外贸易主管部门可以向社会公告。
第七章 对外贸易调查
第三十七条为了维护对外贸易秩序，国务院对外贸易主管部门可以自行或者会同国务院其他有关部门，依照法律、行政法规的规定对下列事项进行调查： （一）货物进出口、技术进出口、国际服务贸易对国内产业及其竞争力的影响； （二）有关国家或者地区的贸易壁垒； （三）为确定是否应当依法采取反倾销、反补贴或者保障措施等对外贸易救济措施，需要调查的事项； （四）规避对外贸易救济措施的行为； （五）对外贸易中有关国家安全利益的事项； （六）为执行本法第七条、第二十九条第二款、第三十条、第三十一条、第三十二条第三款、第三十三条第三款的规定，需要调查的事项； （七）其他影响对外贸易秩序，需要调查的事项。 第三十八条启动对外贸易调查，由国务院对外贸易主管部门发布公告。 调查可以采取书面问卷、召开听证会、实地调查、委托调查等方式进行。 国务院对外贸易主管部门根据调查结果，提出调查报告或者作出处理裁定，并发布公告。 第三十九条有关单位和个人应当对对外贸易调查给予配合、协助。 国务院对外贸易主管部门和国务院其他有关部门及其工作人员进行对外贸易调查，对知悉的国家秘密和商业秘密负有保密义务。
第八章 对外贸易救济
第四十条国家根据对外贸易调查结果，可以采取适当的对外贸易救济措施。 第四十一条其他国家或者地区的产品以低于正常价值的倾销方式进入我国市场，对已建立的国内产业造成实质损害或者产生实质损害威胁，或者对建立国内产业造成实质阻碍的，国家可以采取反倾销措施，消除或者减轻这种损害或者损害的威胁或者阻碍。 第四十二条其他国家或者地区的产品以低于正常价值出口至第三国市场，对我国已建立的国内产业造成实质损害或者产生实质损害威胁，或者对我国建立国内产业造成实质阻碍的，应国内产业的申请，国务院对外贸易主管部门可以与该第三国政府进行磋商，要求其采取适当的措施。 第四十三条进口的产品直接或者间接地接受出口国家或者地区给予的任何形式的专向性补贴，对已建立的国内产业造成实质损害或者产生实质损害威胁，或者对建立国内产业造成实质阻碍的，国家可以采取反补贴措施，消除或者减轻这种损害或者损害的威胁或者阻碍。 第四十四条因进口产品数量大量增加，对生产同类产品或者与其直接竞争的产品的国内产业造成严重损害或者严重损害威胁的，国家可以采取必要的保障措施，消除或者减轻这种损害或者损害的威胁，并可以对该产业提供必要的支持。 第四十五条因其他国家或者地区的服务提供者向我国提供的服务增加，对提供同类服务或者与其直接竞争的服务的国内产业造成损害或者产生损害威胁的，国家可以采取必要的救济措施，消除或者减轻这种损害或者损害的威胁。 第四十六条因第三国限制进口而导致某种产品进入我国市场的数量大量增加，对已建立的国内产业造成损害或者产生损害威胁，或者对建立国内产业造成阻碍的，国家可以采取必要的救济措施，限制该产品进口。 第四十七条与中华人民共和国缔结或者共同参加经济贸易条约、协定的国家或者地区，违反条约、协定的规定，使中华人民共和国根据该条约、协定享有的利益丧失或者受损，或者阻碍条约、协定目标实现的，中华人民共和国政府有权要求有关国家或者地区政府采取适当的补救措施，并可以根据有关条约、协定中止或者终止履行相关义务。 第四十八条国务院对外贸易主管部门依照本法和其他有关法律的规定，进行对外贸易的双边或者多边磋商、谈判和争端的解决。 第四十九条国务院对外贸易主管部门和国务院其他有关部门应当建立货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易的预警应急机制，应对对外贸易中的突发和异常情况，维护国家经济安全。 第五十条国家对规避本法规定的对外贸易救济措施的行为，可以采取必要的反规避措施。
第九章 对外贸易促进
第五十一条国家制定对外贸易发展战略，建立和完善对外贸易促进机制。 第五十二条国家根据对外贸易发展的需要，建立和完善为对外贸易服务的金融机构，设立对外贸易发展基金、风险基金。 第五十三条国家通过进出口信贷、出口信用保险、出口退税及其他促进对外贸易的方式，发展对外贸易。 第五十四条国家建立对外贸易公共信息服务体系，向对外贸易经营者和其他社会公众提供信息服务。 第五十五条国家采取措施鼓励对外贸易经营者开拓国际市场，采取对外投资、对外工程承包和对外劳务合作等多种形式，发展对外贸易。 第五十六条对外贸易经营者可以依法成立和参加有关协会、商会。 有关协会、商会应当遵守法律、行政法规，按照章程对其成员提供与对外贸易有关的生产、营销、信息、培训等方面的服务，发挥协调和自律作用，依法提出有关对外贸易救济措施的申请，维护成员和行业的利益，向政府有关部门反映成员有关对外贸易的建议，开展对外贸易促进活动。 第五十七条中国国际贸易促进组织按照章程开展对外联系，举办展览，提供信息、咨询服务和其他对外贸易促进活动。 第五十八条国家扶持和促进中小企业开展对外贸易。 第五十九条国家扶持和促进民族自治地方和经济不发达地区发展对外贸易。
第十章 法律责任
第六十条违反本法第十一条规定，未经授权擅自进出口实行国营贸易管理的货物的，国务院对外贸易主管部门或者国务院其他有关部门可以处五万元以下罚款；情节严重的，可以自行政处罚决定生效之日起三年内，不受理违法行为人从事国营贸易管理货物进出口业务的申请，或者撤销已给予其从事其他国营贸易管理货物进出口的授权。 第六十一条进出口属于禁止进出口的货物的，或者未经许可擅自进出口属于限制进出口的货物的，由海关依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处理、处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。 进出口属于禁止进出口的技术的，或者未经许可擅自进出口属于限制进出口的技术的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处理、处罚；法律、行政法规没有规定的，由国务院对外贸易主管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚款，没有违法所得或者违法所得不足一万元的，处一万元以上五万元以下罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。 自前两款规定的行政处罚决定生效之日或者刑事处罚判决生效之日起，国务院对外贸易主管部门或者国务院其他有关部门可以在三年内不受理违法行为人提出的进出口配额或者许可证的申请，或者禁止违法行为人在一年以上三年以下的期限内从事有关货物或者技术的进出口经营活动。 第六十二条从事属于禁止的国际服务贸易的，或者未经许可擅自从事属于限制的国际服务贸易的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处罚；法律、行政法规没有规定的，由国务院对外贸易主管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚款，没有违法所得或者违法所得不足一万元的，处一万元以上五万元以下罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。 国务院对外贸易主管部门可以禁止违法行为人自前款规定的行政处罚决定生效之日或者刑事处罚判决生效之日起一年以上三年以下的期限内从事有关的国际服务贸易经营活动。 第六十三条违反本法第三十四条规定，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。 国务院对外贸易主管部门可以禁止违法行为人自前款规定的行政处罚决定生效之日或者刑事处罚判决生效之日起一年以上三年以下的期限内从事有关的对外贸易经营活动。 第六十四条依照本法第六十一条至第六十三条规定被禁止从事有关对外贸易经营活动的，在禁止期限内，海关根据国务院对外贸易主管部门依法作出的禁止决定，对该对外贸易经营者的有关进出口货物不予办理报关验放手续，外汇管理部门或者外汇指定银行不予办理有关结汇、售汇手续。 第六十五条依照本法负责对外贸易管理工作的部门的工作人员玩忽职守、徇私舞弊或者滥用职权，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。 依照本法负责对外贸易管理工作的部门的工作人员利用职务上的便利，索取他人财物，或者非法收受他人财物为他人谋取利益，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。 第六十六条对外贸易经营活动当事人对依照本法负责对外贸易管理工作的部门作出的具体行政行为不服的，可以依法申请行政复议或者向人民法院提起行政诉讼。
第十一章 附则
第六十七条与军品、裂变和聚变物质或者衍生此类物质的物质有关的对外贸易管理以及文化产品的进出口管理，法律、行政法规另有规定的，依照其规定。 第六十八条国家对边境地区与接壤国家边境地区之间的贸易以及边民互市贸易，采取灵活措施，给予优惠和便利。具体办法由国务院规定。 第六十九条中华人民共和国的单独关税区不适用本法。 第七十条本法自２００４年７月１日起施行。