环境管理与合作（生物多样性与资源，获取遗传资源与利益分享的对话）实施细则，2006， 肯尼亚

LEGAL NOTICE NO 160

PART I -PRELIMINARY

^Citation. 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Environmental Management and Co-ordination (Conservation of Biological Diversity and Resources, Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing) Regulations, 2006.

^{Interpretation.} 2. In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires -

“access” means obtaining, possessing and using genetic resources conserved, whether derived products and, where applicable, intangible components, for purposes of research, bioprospecting, conservation, industrial application or commercial use;

“access permit” means a permit that allows a person to access genetic resources issued under regulation 4;

“benefit sharing” means the sharing of benefits that accrue from the utilization of genetic resources;

“endangered species” means any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range (due to man-made or natural changes in the environment);

“genetic material” means any genetic material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity;

“habitat” means the place or type of site where an organism or population naturally occurs and includes areas colonized by introduced organisms;

“holotype” means the single specimen chosen for designation of a new species;

“intangible components” means any information held by persons that is associated with or regarding genetic resources within the jurisdiction of Kenya;

“inventory” means a detailed list, report or record of resources, or the process of making such a list, report or record;

“Material Transfer Agreement” means an agreement negotiated between the holder of an access permit and a relevant lead agency or community on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing;

“natural environment system” means relatively intact ecosystems of unique value, such as perennial and seasonal wetlands, highly diverse aquatic ecosystems, or ecosystems promoting a high concentration of rare and unusual species;

“Prior Informed Consent” means an international operation procedure for exchanging, receiving and handling notification and information by a competent authority; and

“threatened species” means any species of plant or animal

which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or significant portion of its range.

^Application. 3. These Regulations shall not apply to

(a)

the exchange of genetic resources, their derivative products, or the intangible components associated with them, carried out by members of any local Kenyan community amongst themselves and for their own consumption;

(b)

access to genetic resources derived from plant breeders in accordance with the Seeds and

Cap. 326 Plant Varieties Act;

(c) human genetic resources; and

(d) approved research activities intended for educational purposes within recognized Kenyan academic and research institutions, which are governed by relevant intellectual property laws.

PART II – CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

^{Environmental} 4. (1) A person shall not engage in any activity that may

Impact Assessment Licence.

(a) have an adverse impact on any ecosystem;

(b)

lead to the introduction of any exotic species;

(c)

lead to unsustainable use of natural resources,

without an Environmental Impact Assessment Licence issued by the Authority under the Act.

Conservation of threatened species.

Inventory of biological diversity.

Monitoring of status.

(2) In this regulation, “exotic species” means any species of plant or animal or microorganism (life form) whose natural range does not, or did not in the past, exist in a specific part of, or the whole of, Kenya and which out-competes all other life forms.

5. (1) The Authority shall, in consultation with the relevant lead agencies, impose bans, restrictions or similar measures on the access and use of any threatened species in order to ensure its regeneration and maximum sustainable yield.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Authority shall, in consultation with the relevant lead agencies

(a)

issue licenses for the establishment and maintenance of facilities for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species.

(b)

determine full recovery and rehabilitation measures of threatened species to ensure its restoration into its natural habitat.

6. (1) Within twenty-four months from commencement of these Regulations, the Authority shall, in consultation with the relevant lead agencies, identify and prepare an inventory of biological diversity of Kenya.

(2)

The inventory shall include threatened, endangered, or rare species.

(3)

The inventory shall be maintained and updated every year thereafter by the Authority.

(4)

The inventory shall be a public record of the Authority and shall be accessible, in a prescribed manner, to any person on application to the Authority, and upon payment of such fees as may be prescribed by the Authority.

7. The Authority shall, in consultation with the relevant lead agencies, monitor the status and the components of biological diversity in Kenya and take necessary measures to prevent and control their depletion.

Protection of environmentally significant areas.

Access permit.

Notification of application.

Determination of application.

8. This Part shall apply to any area of land, sea, lake or river which the Minister has, by notice in the Gazette, declared to be a protected natural environment system for purposes of promoting and preserving biological diversity in accordance with section 54 of the Act.

PART III – ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES

9. (1) Any person who intends to access genetic resources in Kenya shall apply to the Authority for an access permit in the form set out in the First Schedule, and such application shall be accompanied by the fees prescribed in the Second Schedule to these Regulations.

(2) The application shall be accompanied by evidence of Prior Informed Consent from interested persons and relevant lead agencies, and a research clearance certificate from the National Council for Science and Technology.

10. The Authority shall, upon receipt of the application, give notice thereof by publication in the Gazette and at least one newspaper with nationwide circulation, or in such other manner as the Authority may consider appropriate, specifying

(a)

the name and other particulars of the applicant;

(b)

the activity to be undertaken for which the access permit is required; and

(c)

the time within which representations or objections in respect of the proposed access permit may be made to the Authority.

11. (1) The Authority shall, on receipt of representations or objections to the proposed access permit from the public, review the application and if satisfied that the activity to be carried out shall facilitate the sustainable management and utilization of genetic resources for the benefit of the people of Kenya, issue an

Form of access permit.

Communication of decision.

Validity and renewal of access permit.

Terms, conditions of an access permit, etc.

access permit to the applicant.

(2)

Where the Authority has reasonable grounds for refusing to issue an access permit, it shall inform the applicant of the reasons of such refusal in writing.

(3)

A person aggrieved by refusal of the Authority to grant a licence may appeal to the Tribunal in accordance with section 129 of the Act.

1. The form set out in the Third Schedule is prescribed as the form of access permit.
2. The Authority shall, within sixty days of receipt of an application for an access permit, determine the application and communicate its decision in writing to the applicant.
3. (1) An access permit shall be valid for a period of one year from the date of issue and shall not be transferable.

(2) Upon expiry, an access permit may be renewed for a further period of one year upon payment of the fee prescribed in the Second Schedule and upon such terms and conditions as the Authority may deem necessary to impose.

15. (1) An access permit shall contain such terms and conditions as the Authority may deem necessary to impose.

(2)

In addition to such terms and conditions as may be contained in an access permit, the following conditions shall be implied in every access permit

(a)

Duplicates and holotypes of all genetic resources collected shall be deposited with the relevant lead agency.

(b)

Records of all intangible components of plant genetic material collected shall be deposited with the Authority.

(c)

Reasonable access to all genetic resources collected shall be guaranteed to all Kenyan citizens whether such genetic resources and intangible components are held locally or abroad.

(d)

All agreements entered into with respect to access of genetic resources shall be strictly for the purposes for which they were entered into.

(e)

The furnishing of quarterly reports to the Authority on the status of research, including all discoveries from research involving genetic resources and/or intangible components thereof.

(f)

The holder of an access permit shall inform the Authority of all discoveries made during the exercise of the right of access granted under the access permit.

(g)

The holder of an access permit shall provide the following reports

(i)

a semi-annual status report on the environmental impacts of any ongoing collection of genetic resources or intangible components thereof;

(ii)

a final status report on the environmental impacts of collection of genetic resources or intangible components thereof, in the event that the collection is of a duration of three months or less.

(h)

The holder of an access permit shall abide by the laws of the country.

(3)

The Authority may, on its own volition or on the application by an access permit holder, vary the conditions of an access permit.

Suspension, cancellation, etc, of access permit.

Register of access permits.

Material Transfer Agreement.

Application of Part.

Benefits sharing.

16. (1) The Authority may suspend, cancel or revoke any access permit issued under these Regulations where the holder thereof is in contravention of any of the conditions imposed on the access permit or those implied under these Regulations, or of the agreements concluded pursuant to its grant.

(2)

The Authority shall, before suspending, canceling or revoking an access permit, give a written notice of its intention to suspend, cancel or revoke the permit to the holder thereof, and shall accordingly invite the holder to make representations within thirty days from the date of such notice.

(3)

Where the Authority suspends, cancels or revokes a permit, it shall publish the order suspending, canceling or revoking the permit in the Gazette and in at least one newspaper with nationwide circulation.

(4)

The provisions of regulation 14 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the suspension, cancellation or revocation of an access permit.

1. The Authority shall keep, manage and update as appropriate a register of all access permits which it has granted, and the register shall be a public record of the Authority and shall be accessible, in a prescribed manner, to any person on application to the Authority, and upon payment of the fees prescribed in the Second Schedule.
2. Notwithstanding any provisions contained in these Regulations, no person shall transfer any genetic resources outside Kenya unless such person has executed a Material Transfer Agreement.

PART IV – BENEFIT SHARING

1. This Part shall apply subject to the laws in force relating to intellectual property rights.
2. (1) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the holder of an access permit shall facilitate an active involvement of Kenyan citizens and institutions in the execution

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of the activities under the permit.

(2) The facilitation by the holder of an access permit shall include enjoyment of both monetary and non-monetary benefits arising from the right of access granted and the use of genetic resources.

(3)

Monetary benefits include

(a)

access fees or fee per sample collected or acquired;

(b)

up-front payments;

(c)

milestone payments;

(d)

payment of royalties;

(e)

license fees in case genetic resources are to be utilised for commercial purposes;

(f)

fees to be paid to trust funds supporting conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity;

(g)

salaries and preferential terms where mutually agreed;

(h)

research funding;

(i)

joint ventures;

(j)

joint ownership of relevant intellectual property rights.

(4)

Non-monetary benefits include

(a)

sharing of research and development results;

(b)

collaboration, co-operation and contribution in scientific research and development

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programmes, particularly biotechnological research activities;

(c) participation in product development;

(d)

admittance to ex situ facilities of genetic resources and to databases by participating institutions;

(e)

transfer to Kenya of genetic resources of knowledge and technology under fair and most favourable terms, including concessional and preferential terms where agreed, in particular, knowledge and technology that make use of genetic resources, including biotechnology, or that are relevant to the conservation and sustainable utilization of biological diversity;

(f)

strengthening capacities for technology transfer to Kenya;

(g) institutional capacity building;

(h)

human and material resources to strengthen the capacities for the administration and enforcement of access regulations;

(i)

training related to genetic resources with the full participation of Kenya and where possible, in Kenya;

(j)

access to scientific information relevant to conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, including biological inventories and taxanomic studies;

(k)

institutional and professional relationships that can arise from access and benefit sharing agreements and subsequent collaborative activities;

(l) joint ownership of relevant intellectual

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property rights.

PART V -MISCELLANEOUS

^{Confidentiality.} 21. (1) On the request of an applicant of an access permit, the Authority may hold some information relating to access to genetic resources the subject of the application as confidential.

(2) Where an access permit is granted, information held as confidential under paragraph (1), with respect to the relevant applicant, shall not be accessible to a person inspecting the register of access permits in accordance with regulation 17.

^Transition. 22. A person carrying out any activities involving access to genetic resources immediately before the coming into force of these Regulations shall, within six months from the coming into force thereof, take all necessary measures to ensure full compliance with these Regulations.

^Offences. 23. A contravention or failure to comply with any of the matters provided in these Regulations shall constitute an offence.

^Penalties. 24. Any person convicted of an offence under these Regulations shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months, or to a fine not exceeding three hundred and fifty thousand shillings, or both.

FIRST SCHEDULE (r. 9)

Form of Application for an Access Permit

Applicants applying as individuals should fill Part I Applicants applying as corporates (organizations) should fill Part II All applicants must fill Part III All applicants must submit ten (10) hard copies and one (1) soft copy of this application to the Authority