We, the multinational people of the Russian Federation, united by a common fate in our land, establishing human rights and freedoms, civil peace and accord, preserving the historically established unity of the state, proceeding from the universally recognised principles of equality and self-determination of peoples, revering the memory of ancestors who have conveyed to us love and respect of the Fatherland, belief in good and justice, reviving the sovereign statehood of Russia and asserting the firmness of its democratic basis, striving to ensure the well-being and prosperity of Russia, proceeding from the responsibility for our Fatherland before present and future generations, recognising ourselves as part of the world community, adopt the CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
Man, his rights and freedoms are the supreme value. The recognition, observance and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen are duties of the State.
2. The Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws shall have supremacy in the whole territory of the Russian Federation.
2. A republic (State) shall have its own constitution and legislation. A territory, region, city of federal importance, autonomous region, and autonomous area shall have its charter and legislation.
Federation shall be equal.
2. Every citizen of the Russian Federation shall enjoy in its territory all the rights and freedoms and bear equal duties provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
See Federal Law No. 62-FZ of May 31, 2002 on Russian Federation Citizenship
Federation as the basis of life and activity of the people living in the corresponding territories.
State power in the Russian Federation shall be exercised on the basis of its division into legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative, executive and judicial authorities shall be independent.
3. The division of authority and powers among the bodies of state power of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation shall be effectuated by this Constitution, federal and other treaties on the delimitation of the authority and powers.
In the Russian Federation local self-government shall be recognised and guaranteed. Local self-government shall be independent within the limits of its authority. The bodies of local self-
government shall not be part of the system of state authorities.
Concerning activities of public associations see Federal Law No. 82-FZ of May 19, 1995 on
Public Associations and Federal Law No. 95-FZ of July 11, 2001 on Political Parties
See Federal Law No. 125-FZ of September 26, 1997 on the Freedom of Conscience and
Religious Associations
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation shall have the supreme juridical force, direct application and shall be used on the whole territory of the Russian Federation. Laws and other legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation shall not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
2. The bodies of state authority, bodies of local self-government, officials, private citizens and their associations shall be obliged to observe the Constitution of the Russian Federation and laws.
1. The provisions of the present chapter of the Constitution comprise the fundamental principles of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, and may not be changed otherwise than according to the rules established by the present Constitution.
2. No other provision of the present Constitution may contradict the fundamental principles of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation.
1. In the Russian Federation recognition and guarantees shall be provided for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen according to the universally recognised principles and norms of international law and according to the present Constitution.
The rights and freedoms of man and citizen shall operat directly. They determine the essence, meaning and implementation of laws, the activities of the legislative and executive
authorities, local self-government and shall be ensured by the administration of justice.
The home shall be inviolable. No one shall have the right to enter a home against the will of those living there, except for the cases established by a federal law or by court decision.
On the procedure of exit from the Russian Federation and entry into the Russian Federation see
Federal Law No. 114-FZ of August 15, 1996
Everyone shall be guaranteed the freedom of conscience, the freedom of religion, including the right to profess individually or together with others any religion or to profess no religion at all,
to freely choose, possess and disseminate religious and other views and act according to them.
See Federal Law No. 125-FZ of September 26, 1997 on the Freedom of Conscience and
Religious Associations
Concerning trade unions, their rights and guarantees for their activity see Federal Law No. 10- FZ of January 12, 1996
Concerning activities of public associations see Federal Law No. 82-FZ of May 19, 1995 on
Public Associations and Federal Law No. 95-FZ of July 11, 2001 on Political Parties
Citizens of the Russian Federation shall have the right to assemble peacefully, without weapons, hold rallies, meetings and demonstrations, marches and pickets.
On Rallies, Meetings, Demonstrations, Marches and Picketing, see Federal Law No. 54-FZ of
June 19, 2004
As to the Referendum of the Russian Federation, see Federal Constitutional Law No. 5-FKZ of
June 28, 2004
Citizens of the Russian Federation shall have the right to address personally, as well as to submit individual and collective appeals to state bodies and local self-government bodies.
On the procedure for handling applications of citizens of the Russian Federation, see Federal
Law No. 59-FZ of May 2, 2006
Everyone shall have the right to a favourable environment, reliable information about its state and to restitution for damage inflicted on his health and property by ecological
transgressions.
On education see Law of the Russian Federation No. 3266-1 of July 10, 1992
Russian Federation.
law.
The rights of victims of crimes and of abuse of office shall be protected by law. The State shall provide access to justice for them and compensation for the damage sustained.
Everyone shall have the right to state compensation for damage caused by unlawful actions
(inaction) of bodies of state authority and their officials.
1. The listing in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the fundamental rights and freedoms shall not be interpreted as a rejection or derogation of other universally recognized human rights and freedoms.
See Federal Constitutional Law No. 3-FKZ of May 30, 2001 on the State of Emergency
3. The rights and freedoms envisaged in Articles 20, 21, 23 (the first part), 24, 28, 34 (the first part), 40 (the first part), 46-54 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, shall not be liable to limitation.
Everyone shall be obliged to pay the legally established taxes and dues. Laws introducing new taxes or deteriorating the position of taxpayers may not have retroactive effect.
Everyone shall be obliged to preserve nature and the environment, treat and carefully the riches of nature.
Federation.
A citizen of the Russian Federation may exercise his or her rights and duties in full from the age of 18.
See Federal Law No. 115-FZ of July 25, 2002 on the Legal Position of Foreign Citizens in the
Russian Federation
See the Regulations on the Procedure for Granting Political Asylum by the Russian Federation approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 746 of July 21, 1997
The provisions of the present chapter comprise the basis of the legal status of the individual in the Russian Federation and may not be changed otherwise then according to the rules introduced by the present Constitution.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 841 of July 25, 2003 included a new name of an entity of the Russian Federation - Khanty-Mansiisk autonomous area - Yugra in part 1 of Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation instead of the name the Khanty- Mansiisk autonomous area
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 679 of June 9 9, 2001 included the new designation of an entity of the Russian Federation - the Chuvash Republic - Chuvashia - in part 1 of Article 65 of the Constitution instead of the designation the Chuvash Republic - Chavash respubliki
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 173 of February 10, 1996 included a new designation of an entity of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Kalmykia - in paragraph
1 of Article 65 of the Constitution instead of the designation the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalm
Tangch
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 20 of January 9, 1996 included the new designation of an entity of the Russian Federation in paragraph 1 of Article 65 of the Constitution
- the Republic of Ingushetia and the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania instead of the designation the Ingush Republic and the Republic of North Ossetia
the Republic of Adygeya (Adygeya), the Republic of Altai, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Buryatia, the Republic of Daghestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-
Balkarian Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic, the
Republic of Karelia, the Komi Republic, the Republic of Marii El, the Republic of Mordovia, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), the Republic of Tuva, the Udmurtian Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, the Chechen Republic, the Chuvash Republic - Chuvashia;
the Altai Territory, the Krasnodar Territory, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Primorie Territory, the Stavropol Territory, and the Khabarovsk Territory; the Amur Region, the Archangel Region, the Astrakhan Region, the Belgorod Region, the Bryansk Region, the Vladimir Region, the Volgograd Region, the Vologda Region, the Voronezh Region, the Ivanovo Region, the Irkutsk Region, the Kaliningrad Region, the Kaluga Region, the Kamchatka Region, the Kemerovo Region, the Kirov Region, the Kostroma Region, the Kurgan Region, the Kursk Region, the Leningrad Region, the Lipetsk Region, the Magadan Region, the Moscow Region, the Murmansk Region, the Nizhni Novgorod Region, the Novgorod Region, the Novosibirsk Region, the Omsk Region, the Orenburg Region, the Orel Region, the Penza Region, the Perm Region, the Pskov Region, the Rostov Region, the Ryazan Region, the Samara Region, the Saratov Region, the Sakhalin Region, the Sverdlovsk Region, the Smolensk Region, the Tambov Region, the Tver Region, the Tomsk Region, the Tula Region, the Tyumen Region, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Chelyabinsk Region, the Chita Region, and the Yaroslavl Region;
Moscow, St. Petersburg - cities of federal importance;
the Jewish Autonomous Region;
the Aginsk Buryat Autonomous Area, the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Area, the Koryak Autonomous Area, the Nenets Autonomous Area, the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Area, the Ust-Ordyn Buryat Autonomous Area, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, the Chukotka Autonomous Area, the Evenki Autonomous Area, and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area.
See Federal Constitutional Law No. 6-FKZ of December 17, 2001 on the Procedure for Admission to and Formation Within the Russian Federation of a New Constituent Member of the Russian Federation
1. The status of a republic shall be determined by the Constitution of the Russian
Federation and the constitution of the republic.
2. The status of a territory, region, city of federal importance, autonomous region and autonomous area shall be determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the charter of the territory, region, city of federal importance, autonomous region or autonomous area, adopted by the legislative (representative) body of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation.
See also Federal Law No. 155-FZ of July 31, 1998 on the Internal Sea Waters, Territorial Sea and Adjacent Zone of the Russian Federation
See Federal Law No. 191-FZ of December 17, 1998 on the Exclusive Economic Zone of the
Russian Federation
See Federal Law No. 187-FZ of November 30, 1995 on the Continental Shelf of the Russian
Federation
Federation.
See Federal Law No. 53-FZ of June 1, 2005 on the State Language of the Russian Federation
The Russian Federation shall guarantee the rights of the indigenous minority peoples according to the universally recognised principles and norms of international law and international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation.
On guarantees of rights of indigenous minority peoples of the Russian Federation, see Federal
Law No. 82-FZ of April 30, 1999
See Federal Constitutional Law No. 1-FKZ of December 25, 2000 on the National Flag of the
Russian Federation
See Federal Constitutional Law No. 2-FKZ of December 25, 2000 on the National Emblem of the Russian Federation
The jurisdiction of the Russian Federation includes:
a) adoption and amending of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, control over their observance;
b) federal structure and the territory of the Russian Federation;
c) regulation and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen; citizenship in the
Russian Federation, regulation and protection of the rights of national minorities;
On the interpretation of Item (d) of Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation see
Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of January 27, 1999
d) establishment of the system of federal legislative, executive and judicial bodies, the rules for their organisation and activities, formation of federal bodies of state authority;
e) federal state property and its management;
f) establishment of the principles of federal policy and federal programmes in the sphere of state, economic, ecological, social, cultural and national development of the Russian Federation;
See the Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on Culture approved by Law of the Russian Federation No. 3612-1 of October 9, 1992
g) establishment of the legal basis for a single market; financial, currency, credit, and
customs regulation, money issue, the principles of pricing policy; federal economic services, including federal banks;
h) federal budget, federal taxes and dues, federal regional development funds;
i) federal power systems, nuclear power-engineering, fissionable materials, federal transport, railways, information and communication, outer space activities;
j) foreign policy and international relations of the Russian Federation, international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation, issues of war and peace;
k) foreign economic relations of the Russian Federation;
l) defence and security; military production; determination of rules of selling and purchasing weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military property; production of poisonous substances, narcotic substances and rules for their use;
m) determination of the status and protection of the state border, territorial sea, air space, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of the Russian Federation;
n) judicial system, procurator's office, criminal, criminal procedural and penal legislation, amnesty and pardoning, civil, civil procedural and arbitration procedural legislation, legal
regulation of intellectual property;
o) federal law of conflict of laws;
p) meteorological service, standards, metric system, horometry, geodesy and cartography, names of geographical units, official statistics and accounting;
q) state awards and honourary titles of the Russian Federation;
r) federal state service.
Federation includes:
a) providing for the correspondence of the constitutions and laws of the republics, the charters and other normative legal acts of the territories, regions, cities of federal importance, autonomous region or autonomous areas to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and
federal laws;
b) protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen; protection of the rights of national minorities; ensuring the rule of law, law and order, public security and the border zone regime;
c) issues of possession, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources;
d) delimitation of state property;
e) utilization of natural resources, protection of the environment and ensuring ecological safety; specially protected natural territories, protection of historical and cultural monuments;
f) general questions of upbringing, education, science, culture, physical culture and sports;
g) coordination of issues of health care; protection of the family, maternity, paternity and childhood; social protection, including social security;
h) carrying out measures against catastrophes, natural calamities, epidemics, elimination of their aftermath;
i) establishment of common principles of taxation and dues in the Russian Federation;
j) administrative, administrative procedural, labour, family, housing, land, water, and forest legislation; legislation on subsoil and environmental protection;
k) personnel of the judicial and law enforcement agencies; the Bar, notary offices;
l) protection of the traditional habitat and way of life of small ethnic communities;
m) establishment of common principles of organisation of the system of bodies of state authority and local self-government;
On the general principles of the organization of the legislative (representative) and executive bodies of state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation see Federal Law No. 184-FZ of October 6, 1999
n) coordination of international and foreign economic relations of the subjects of the Russian
Federation, fulfillment of international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation.
See Federal Law No. 4-FZ of January 4, 1999 on Coordination of International and Foreign
Economic Relations of the Subjects of the Russian Federation
Outside the limits of authority of the Russian Federation and the powers of the Russian
Federation on issues under joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the
Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation shall possess full state authority.
On the interpretation of Part 1 of Article 76 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation see
Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of January 27, 1999
2. The federal bodies of executive power by agreement with the bodies of executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation may transfer to them the fulfillment of a part of their powers, if this does not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.
4. The President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation shall ensure, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the implementation of the powers of federal state authority in the whole territory of the Russian Federation.
The Russian Federation may participate in interstate associations and transfer to them part of its powers according to international treaties and agreements, if this does not involve the limitation of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen and does not contradict the principles of
the constitutional system of the Russian Federation.
2. The President of the Russian Federation shall be guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. According to the rules established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, he shall adopt measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, ensure coordinated functioning and interaction of all the bodies of state power.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1602 of September 1, 2000 created the State Council of the Russian Federation, which is an advisory body intended to assist in the implementation of powers of the head of state in the area of coordinated activities and interaction of bodies of state power, and approved the Regulations on it
3. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws the President of the Russian Federation shall determine the guidelines of the internal and foreign policies of the State.
Federation within the country and in international relations.
Law of the Russian Federation on an Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation No. 6-FKZ of December 30, 2008 reworded Part 1 of Article 81 of the Constitution. The new wording of the Part shall enter into force from the day of the official publication of the said Law
The amendments shall be applied with respect to the President of the Russian Federation elected after the entry into force of the said Law
See the Part in the previous wording
ballot.
"I swear in exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation to respect and safeguard the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and protect the Constitution of
the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the
State, to faithfully serve the people".
The President of the Russian Federation shall:
a) appoint by agreement with the State Duma the Chairman of the Government of the
Russian Federation;
b) have the right to chair meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) adopt decision on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation;
d) present to the State Duma a candidate for the appointment to the post of the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, raise before the State Duma the issue of dismissing
the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;
e) at the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation appoint and dismiss deputy chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministers; f) present to the Council of the Federation candidates for appointment as judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Higher Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation, as well as a candidate for the post of the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation; submit to the Council of the Federation a proposal to dismiss the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation; appoint judges of other federal
courts;
g) form and head the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the status of which is determined by federal law;
h) approve the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
i) form the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;
Administration of the President of the Russian Federation was formed by Decree of the
President of the Russian Federation No. 400 of March 25, 2004
j) appoint and dismiss plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian
Federation;
The Regulations on a Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation In a Region of the Russian Federation were approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 696 of July 9, 1997
k) appoint and dismiss the supreme command of the Armed Forces of the Russian
Federation;
l) after consultations with corresponding committees and commissions of the chambers of the Federal Assembly appoint and recall diplomatic representatives of the Russian Federation in foreign States and international organisations.
The President of the Russian Federation shall:
a) announce elections to the State Duma according to the Constitution of the Russian
Federation and the federal law;
b) dissolve the State Duma in cases and according to the rules established by the
Constitution of the Russian Federation;
c) announce referendums according to the rules established by the federal constitutional
law;
d) submit bills to the State Duma;
e) sign and make public federal laws;
f) address the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country, on
the guidelines for the internal and foreign policies of the State.
2. The President of the Russian Federation shall have the right to suspend acts of the bodies of executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation if these acts contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal laws or international commitments of the Russian Federation or violate the rights and freedoms of man and citizen until the issue is solved by a corresponding court.
The President of the Russian Federation shall:
a) govern the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
b) hold negotiations and sign international treaties and agreements of the Russian
Federation;
c) sign ratification instruments;
d) receive credentials and letters of recall of diplomatic representatives accredited to him.
the Russian Federation or in certain parts thereof and immediately inform the Council of the
Federation and the State Duma about this.
See Federal Constitutional Law No. 1-FKZ of January 30, 2002 on the Marshal Law
The President of the Russian Federation, in circumstances and according to the rules envisaged by the federal constitutional law, shall introduce a state of emergency in the territory of
the Russian Federation or in certain parts thereof and immediately inform the Council of the
Federation and the State Duma about this.
The President of the Russian Federation shall:
a) solve the issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation and of granting political asylum;
b) decorate with state awards of the Russian Federation, award honourary titles of the
Russian Federation, higher military and higher special ranks;
c) decide on pardoning.
3. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation shall not run counter to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.
The President of the Russian Federation shall possess immunity.
On guarantees to the President of the Russian Federation whose powers have ceased and to the members of his family see Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 12-FZ of February 12,
2001
3. In all cases when the President of the Russian Federation is incapable of fulfilling his duties, they shall be temporarily fulfilled by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Acting President of the Russian Federation shall have no right to dissolve the State Duma, call a referendum, or to submit proposals on amendments to, and review of, the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The Federal Assembly - the parliament of the Russian Federation - shall be the representative and legislative body of the Russian Federation.
State Duma.
Russian Federation: one from the legislative and one from the executive body of state authority.
Law of the Russian Federation on an Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation No. 6-FKZ of December 30, 2008 reworded Part 1 of Article 96 of the Constitution. The new wording of the Part shall enter into force from the day of the official publication of the said Law
The amendments shall be applied with respect to the State Duma elected after the entry into force of the said Law
See the Part in the previous wording
State Duma of the previous convocation shall expire.
a) approval of changes in borders between subjects of the Russian Federation;
b) approval of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law;
On approval by the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of a Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on introduction of a state of emergency, See Federal Constitutional Law No. 3-FKZ of May 30, 2001 on the State of Emergency
c) approval of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of a state of emergency;
d) deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
e) appointment of elections of the President of the Russian Federation;
f) impeachment of the President of the Russian Federation;
g) appointment of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, of the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation;
h) appointment and dismissal of the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation;
i) appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounts
Chamber.
2. The Council of the Federation shall adopt resolutions on the issues referred to its authority by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
3. Resolutions of the Council of the Federation shall be adopted by a majority of the total number of the members of the Council of the Federation, if other rules for adopting decisions are not envisaged by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Law of the Russian Federation on an Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation No. 7-FKZ of December 30, 2008 amended Part 1 of Article 103 of the Constitution. The amendments shall enter into force from the day of the official publication of the said Law
See the Part in the previous wording
a) approving the appointment of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation by the President of the Russian Federation;
b) resolution of the issue of confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) hearing of annual reports of the Government of the Russian Federation on the results of its activity, including on issues raised by the State Duma;
d) appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian
Federation;
e) appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounts
Chamber;
f) appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for human rights, who acts according to the federal constitutional law;
g) proclamation of amnesty;
h) advancing charges against the President of the Russian Federation for his impeachment.
Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Concerning interpretation of the third part of Article 103 of the Constitution see Decision of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of April 12, 1995
Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Concerning the interpretation of Articles 105 and 106 of the Constitution see Decision of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 1-P of March 23, 1995
Concerning interpretation of the second part of Article 105 of the Constitution see Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of April 12, 1995
2. Federal laws shall be adopted by a majority of votes of the total number of the deputies of the State Duma, unless otherwise envisaged by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Concerning interpretation of the fifth part of Article 105 of the Constitution see Decision of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of April 12, 1995
Concerning the interpretation of Articles 105 and 106 of the Constitution see Decision of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 1-P of March 23, 1995
Federal laws adopted by the State Duma on the following issues shall be the liable to obligatory consideration by the Council of the Federation:
a) federal budget;
b) federal taxes and dues;
c) financial, currency, credit, customs regulation, and money issue;
d) ratification and denunciation of international treaties and agreements of the Russian
Federation;
e) the status and protection of the state border of the Russian Federation;
f) peace and war.
Russian Federation for signing and making it public.
Concerning interpretation of the third part of Article 107 of the Constitution see Decision of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of April 12, 1995
the rules established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. If during the second vote the
law is approved in the earlier adopted wording by not less than two thirds of the total number of the members of the Council of the Federation and of the deputies of the State Duma, it shall be signed by the President within seven days and made public.
of the Russian Federation.
Concerning interpretation of the second part of Article 108 of the Constitution see Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of April 12, 1995
constitutional law shall be signed by the President of the Russian Federation within fourteen days
and made public.
1. The State Duma may be dissolved by the President of the Russian Federation in the cases envisaged in Articles 111 and 117 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Constitution of the Russian Federation within a year after it was elected.
According to Federal Constitutional Law No. 3-FKZ of May 30, 2001 on the State of Emergency, the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation shall continue its work throughout the effective period of a state of emergency
Federation.
President of the Russian Federation with the consent of the State Duma.
On the interpretation of Part 1 of Article 112 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation see
Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of January 27, 1999
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation shall determine the guidelines for the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation and
organise its work.
Law of the Russian Federation on an Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation No. 7-FKZ of December 30, 2008 reworded Item (a) of Part 1 of Article 114 of the Constitution. The new wording of the Item shall enter into force from the day of the official publication of the said Law
See the Item in the previous wording
a) draw up and submit to the State Duma a federal budget and ensure its execution; submit to the State Duma a report a report on the execution of the federal budget; submit to the State
Duma annual reports on the results of its activity, including on issues raised by the State Duma;
b) ensure the implementation in the Russian Federation of a single financial, credit and monetary policy;
c) ensure the implementation in the Russian Federation of a single state policy in the sphere of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology;
d) manages federal property;
e) carry out measures to secure the defence of the country, state security, and the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
f) implement measures to ensure the rule of law, human rights and freedoms, protection of property and public order, and control of crime;
g) exercise other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
See Federal Constitutional Law No. 2-FKZ of December 17, 1997 on the Government of the
Russian Federation
1. On the basis and for the sake of implementation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, normative decrees of the President of the Russian Federation the Government of the Russian Federation shall issue decisions and orders and ensure their implementation.
3. The decisions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, if they are inconsistent with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and decrees of the
President of the Russian Federation, may be cancelled by the President of the Russian
Federation.
The Government of the Russian Federation shall resign in the event of a newly-elected
President of the Russian Federation.
Russian Federation either shall accept or reject the resignation.
Government of the Russian Federation.
Concerning interpretation of the third part of Article 117 of the Constitution see Decision of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of April 12, 1995
3. The judicial system of the Russian Federation shall be instituted by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law. The creation of extraordinary courts shall not be allowed.
On the judicial system of the Russian Federation, see Federal Constitutional Law No. 1-FKZ of
December 31, 1996
On administration of justice in a territory where a state of emergency is introduced, See Federal
Constitutional Law No. 3-FKZ of May 30, 2001 on the State of Emergency
Judges are to be citizens of the Russian Federation over 25 years of age with a higher education in law and a law service record of not less than five years. Federal law may introduce additional requirements for judges of the courts of the Russian Federation.
1. Judges shall be independent and submit only to the Constitution and federal law.
The courts shall be financed only from the federal budget and the possibility of the complete and independent administration of justice shall be ensured in keeping with the requirements of
federal law.
See also Federal Constitutional Law No. 1-FKZ of July 21, 1994 on the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
2. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation upon requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, one fifth of the members of the Council of the Federation or of the deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, the bodies of legislative and executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation shall consider cases on the correspondence to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of:
a) federal laws, normative acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation;
b) the constitutions of republics, charters, and also the laws and other normative acts of subjects of the Russian Federation adopted on issues under the jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation or under the joint jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of
the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian
Federation;
c) treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation;
d) international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation which have not come into force.
a) between the federal bodies of state authority;
b) between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation;
c) between the higher bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
5. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, upon the requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the bodies of the legislative power of the subjects of the Russian Federation, shall give its interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
6. Acts or their provisions recognised as unconstitutional shall become invalid; international treaties and agreements not corresponding to the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall not be liable to enforcement and application.
On the meaning of Article 125 of Constitution of the Russian Federation made by Constitutional
Court of the Russian Federation see Decision No. 19-p of June 16, 1998
The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation shall be the supreme judicial body for civil, criminal, administrative and other cases under the jurisdiction of regular courts, shall carry out judicial supervision over their activities according to procedural forms envisaged in federal law
and provide explanations on issues of court proceedings.
On the meaning of Article 126 of Constitution of the Russian Federation see Decision of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 19-p of June 16, 1998
The Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation shall be the supreme judicial body for settling economic disputes and other cases examined by courts of arbitration, shall carry out
judicial supervision over their activities according to procedural forms envisaged in federal law and provide explanations on the issues of court proceedings.
Concerning the Arbitration Courts in the Russian Federation see Federal Constitutional Law No.
1-FKZ of April 28, 1995
On the meaning of Article 127 of Constitution of the Russian Federation see Decision of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 19-p of June 16, 1998
Federation according to the rules fixed by federal law.
Procurator-General of the Russian Federation by agreement with the subjects.
Federation.
Russian Federation shall be determined by federal law.
On the Procurator's Office of the Russian Federation see Federal Law No. 2202-I of January 17,
1992
Concerning the general principles of the organization of local selfgovernment in the Russian Federation see Federal Law No. 154-FZ of August 28, 1995 and Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003
On the financial foundations of local self-government in the Russian Federation - Federal Law
No. 126-FZ of September 25, 1997
Local self-government in the Russian Federation shall be guaranteed by the right to judicial protection, compensation for additional expenses emerging as a result of decisions adopted by state authorities, by a ban on limitation of the rights of local self-government fixed by the
Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.
Proposals on amendments and review of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian
Federation may be submitted by the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the legislative (representative) bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation, and also by groups numbering
not less than one fifth of the number of the members of the Council of the Federation or of the
deputies of the State Duma.
1. Provisions of Chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation may not be revised by the Federal Assembly.
Concerning interpretation of the second part of Article 135 of the Constitution see Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 2-P of April 12, 1995
2. If a proposal on the review of the provisions of Chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is supported by three fifths of the total number of the members of the
Council of the Federation and the deputies of the State Duma, then according to federal
constitutional law a Constitutional Assembly shall be convened.
3. The Constitutional Assembly shall either confirm the invariability of the Constitution of the Russian Federation or draft a new Constitution of the Russian Federation, which shall be adopted by the Constitutional Assembly by two thirds of the total number of its members or submitted to a referendum. In the case of a referendum the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall be considered adopted, if over half of the voters who came to the polls supported it and under the condition that over half of the electorate participated in the referendum.
Concerning the interpretation of Article 136 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation see
Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 12-P of October 31, 1995
Amendments to the provisions of Chapters 3-8 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall be adopted according to the rules fixed for adoption of federal constitutional laws and come
into force after they are approved by the bodies of legislative power of not less than two thirds of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
See Federal Law No. 33-FZ of March 4, 1998 on the Procedure for the Adoption and the
Enforcement of Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation
1. Amendments to Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation determining the structure of the Russian Federation shall be introduced on the basis of the federal constitutional law on the admission to the Russian Federation and the creation of new subjects of the Russian Federation within it, on changes in the constitutional-legal status of a subject of the Russian Federation.
Concerning the interpretation of the second part of Article 137 of this Constitution see Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation No. 15-P of November 28, 1995
shall be included in Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation shall come into force from the moment of its official publication according to the results of a nationwide referendum.
The day of the nationwide referendum of December 12, 1993 shall be considered to be the day of adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Simultaneously the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Russian Federation - Russia, adopted on April 12, 1978 with all amendments and changes, shall become invalid.
In the case of non-compliance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the
provisions of the Federal Treaty - the Treaty on the Division of Jurisdiction and Authority Between the Federal Bodies of State Power of the Russian Federation and the Bodies of Authority of the Sovereign Republics within the Russian Federation, the Treaty on the Division of Jurisdiction and Powers Between the Federal Bodies of State Authority of the Russian Federation and the Bodies of Authority of the Territories, Regions, Cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg of the Russian Federation, the Treaty on the Division of Jurisdiction and Powers Between the Federal Bodies of State Authority of the Russian Federation and the Bodies of Authority of the Autonomous Region, and Autonomous Areas within the Russian Federation, and also other treaties concluded between the federal bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, treaties between the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall be applicable.
2. The laws and other legal acts acting in the territory of the Russian Federation before this Constitution comes into force shall be applied in that part which does not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
3. The President of the Russian Federation, elected according to the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Russian Federation - Russia, from the moment this Constitution comes into force, shall carry out the powers fixed in it until the term of office for which he was elected expires.
4. The Council of Ministers (Government) of the Russian Federation from the moment when this Constitution comes into force shall acquire the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the Government of the Russian Federation fixed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and from then shall be called the Government of the Russian Federation.
5. The courts of the Russian Federation shall administer justice according to their powers fixed by this Constitution.
After the Constitution comes into force, the judges of all the courts of the Russian
Federation shall retain their powers until the term they were elected for expires. Vacant positions shall be filled according to the rules fixed by this Constitution.
Until the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation is brought into conformity with the provisions of this Constitution, the previous rules for arrest, detention and holding in custody of people suspected of committing crimes shall be preserved.
9. A deputy of the State Duma of the first convocation may simultaneously be a member of the Government of the Russian Federation. The provisions of the present Constitution on the immunity of deputies in that part which concerns the actions (inaction) connected with fulfillment of office duties shall not extend to the deputies of the State Duma, members of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The deputies of the Council of the Federation of the first convocation shall exercise their powers on a non-permanent basis.