知识产权执法

什么是知识产权执法?

知识产权执法是指在知识产权(包括商标版权工业品外观设计专利地理标志商业秘密)受到侵犯时采取法律行动的行为。其目的是制止侵权行为,防止进一步侵犯知识产权,并对侵权行为造成的损害进行救济。

知识产权是企业和个人的宝贵资产,它为创新理念、技术解决方案、品牌和创意作品提供保护。仅仅获得知识产权并不能保证其不受侵犯。知识产权执法对于创新者、企业家和创作者的成功至关重要。

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根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》进行知识产权执法

《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》(《TRIPS协定》)第三部分规定了与知识产权执法有关的最低法律标准。世界贸易组织成员国可自由决定在本国法律体系内实施《TRIPS协定》条款的方法,以实现私人利益与公共利益之间的适当平衡。

《TRIPS协定》中的民事和刑事救济措施包括临时措施民事和行政程序边境措施以及刑事程序和处罚

The civil and criminal remedies in the TRIPS Agreement include provisional measures (Provisional measures are temporary actions taken by a court or administrative authority before a final decision is issued. They seek to prevent IP rights infringement from occurring, such as preventing infringing goods from entering the market, or to preserve evidence concerning an alleged infringement), civil and administrative procedures (Civil and administrative procedures and remedies are legal mechanisms and remedies to address IP infringements before civil and administrative authorities), border measures (Border measures involve taking action at the border to stop infringing goods and prevent their release into the market), and criminal procedures and penalties (Criminal procedures and penalties are legal mechanisms to address IP crime, especially trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy).

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请访问全球WIPO Lex数据库,获取有关知识产权执法的法律信息,包括知识产权法律法规、产权组织管理的条约和知识产权相关条约,以及主要司法判决。

知识产权判例法

请访问知识产权判例法互联网资源,获取包含知识产权法领域判决或判决摘要的在线数据库链接汇总(非穷尽)。

为什么要进行知识产权执法?

知识产权执法对不同的利益攸关方有着不同的意义。对企业而言,它是保护企业投资和确保公平竞争的重要法律机制。对消费者而言,它有助于保证产品质量和安全。对政府而言,它既可以保护重要社会服务所需的收入,也可以确保商业环境健全、公平,这对吸引投资必不可少。

知识产权侵权类型

商标侵权是指未经授权使用注册商标或近似标志来标识与注册商标所涵盖的产品和服务相同或类似的产品和服务,可能让消费者对这些标志所标识的商品和服务的来源产生混淆

商标假冒是商标侵权的一个特殊类别。它包括未经授权在与注册商标所针对的商品或服务相同的商品或服务上,使用与注册商标相同或从根本上与注册商标无法区分的任何标志

版权侵权涉及未经版权持有人或相关权持有人同意而使用复制发行改编表演或展示版权作品的行为。

版权盗版是一种特殊的版权侵权行为,是指未经权利人同意复制版权作品。

专利侵权是未经授权制造、使用、允诺销售、销售或进口专利产品的行为。如果专利的客体是方法,侵权行为至少涉及使用、允诺销售、销售或进口通过专利方法获得的产品的行为。

工业品外观设计侵权是指未经授权使用已注册的工业品外观设计,可能会导致消费者对商品的来源产生混淆的行为。这些未经授权的使用可能涉及制造销售或进口物品,此种物品带有或体现的外观设计是注册外观设计的复制品或与注册外观设计实质上类似。

地理标志侵权是指未经权利人授权使用这些显著标志,并以虚假的方式暗示标有这些标志的商品源自特定的地理区域。这会导致消费者对产品的真实地理原产地和特殊品质产生混淆。

一般来说,商业秘密保护赋予所有者防止他人未经其同意,以违反诚信商业做法的方式披露获取或使用其合法控制的信息的权利。虽然商业秘密保护是否受到侵犯的最终判定取决于每个个案的具体情况,但一般而言,涉及秘密信息的不公平做法包括违约违反保密规定以及工业或商业间谍行为

产权组织在知识产权执法方面的作用

首先,产权组织通过树立尊重知识产权风尚(BRIP)司,主持执法咨询委员会(ACE),这是成员国和利益攸关方讨论涉及知识产权执法和树立尊重知识产权风尚的热点议题的首要国际论坛。产权组织还向成员国提供立法援助及能力建设计划,开发和运行供成员国和利益攸关方用于打击假冒和盗版的系统,提供宣传方面的援助,并与非政府组织(NGO)和其他政府间组织(IGO)合作开展反假冒和反盗版工作。

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图:WIPO

Types of IP infringement

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Trademark infringement

Trademark infringement occurs when there is an unauthorized use of a registered trademark or similar sign to identify identical or similar products and services as those covered by the registered trademark that lead to likelihood of confusion among consumers about the origin of the goods and services that are identified by these signs.

Trademark counterfeiting is a special category of trademark infringement. It consists of an unauthorized use of any sign, which is identical to or indistinguishable in its essential aspects from the registered trademark, in relation to goods or services which are identical with those for which the trademark is registered.

IMAGE: Sinenkiy/IStock/Getty Images

Copyright infringement

Copyright infringement involves the acts of use, reproduction, distribution, adaptation, performance or display of a copyrighted work without the consent of the copyright holder or the related rights holder.

Copyright piracy is a special type of copyright infringement consisting of the reproduction of a copyrighted work without the consent of the right holder.

IMAGE: gorodenkoff/IStock/Getty Images

Patent infringement

Patent infringement is an unauthorized act of - for example - making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing for these purposes a patented product. Where the subject-matter of the patent is a process, infringement involves the act of using, offering for sale, selling or importing for these purposes at least the product obtained by the patented process.
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Industrial design infringement

Infringement of an industrial design occurs when there is an unauthorized use of a registered industrial design, which can lead to confusion among consumers about the origin of the goods. These unauthorized uses may involve the making, selling or importation of articles bearing or embodying a design that is a copy of, or substantially similar to, the registered design.
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Geographical indication infringement

The infringement of geographical indications occurs when these distinctive signs are used without the authorization of the right holders and in a way that falsely suggests the goods labeled with these signs originate from a specific geographical region. This can lead to confusion among consumers about the true geographical origin and special qualities of the products.
IMAGE: nespix/IStock/Getty Images

Trade secrets

In general, trade secret protection confers owners the right to prevent the information lawfully within their control from being disclosed, acquired or used by others without their consent in a manner contrary to honest commercial practice. While a final determination of whether trade secret protection is violated or not depends on the circumstances of each individual case, in general, unfair practices in respect of secret information include breach of contract, breach of confidence and industrial or commercial espionage.

Learn more about IP enforcement

了解关于知识产权执法的更多信息

欢迎收听“Eye on Copyright Enforcement”(关注版权执法),这是产权组织播客“Intellectual Property Matters”(知识产权至关重要)的一个迷你博客系列。欢迎倾听与艺术家、律师和创意产业专家的对话,和我们一起探讨尊重版权和版权执法的重要性。这个迷你播客系列由产权组织树立尊重知识产权风尚司制作,并得到大韩民国文化体育观光部的支持。

树立尊重知识产权的风尚网络研讨会

产权组织“树立尊重知识产权的风尚网络研讨会”汇集了来自不同背景的发言人,包括学者、从业人员和知识产权执法官员。我们通过教育和宣传,对知识产权执法和构建尊重知识产权的文化方面的热点问题进行探讨。
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知识产权执法案例集

出版年份:2018 年