Law of the People’s Republic of China on Progress of Science and Technology
Order of the President of the People’s Republic of China
No. 82
The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Progress of Science and Technology, amended and adopted at the 31st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on December 29, 2007, is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of July 1, 2008.
Hu Jintao President of the People’s Republic of China December 29, 2007
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Progress of Science and Technology
(Adopted at the 2nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress on July 2, 1993 and amended at the 31st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress on December 29, 2007)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Scientific Research, Technological Development and Application of Science and Technology
Chapter III Technological Progress of Enterprises
Chapter IV Scientific Research and Technological Development Institutions
Chapter V Scientists and Technicians Personnel
Chapter VI Guarantee Measures
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I
General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution with a view to promoting the progress of science and technology, bringing into play the role of science and technology as the primary productive forces, and promoting the transformation of scientific and technologic advances into practical productive forces, in order that science and technology shall render service to economic and social development.
Article 2 The State upholds the scientific outlook on development, implements the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education, and applies to scientific and technological work the guidelines of encouraging independent innovation, making giant strides in major fields, supporting development and taking the lead in future fields, in order to establish a national innovation system and build an innovation-oriented country.
Article 3 The State guarantees the freedom of scientific research and technological development, encourages scientific exploration and technological innovation and protects the legitimate rights and interests of scientists and technicians.
The whole society shall respect labor, knowledge, talent and creation.
Schools and other institutions of education shall adhere to the principle of integration of theory with practice, pay attention to helping the educated develop the ability to think independently, to practice and innovate, and implant in them the scientific spirit of pursuing truth, advocating innovation and seeking truth from facts.
Article 4 Economic and social development shall rely on science and technology, and scientific and technological progress shall serve economic and social development.
The State encourages scientific research and technological development, promotes the application of science and technology to transformation of traditional industries and development of high and new technology industries and social undertakings.
Article 5 The State develops undertakings for popularization of science and technology, in order to disseminate scientific and technological knowledge and raise the scientific and cultural qualifications of all citizens.
The State encourages government departments, enterprises, institutions, public organizations and citizens to participate in and support activities for progress of science and technology.
Article 6 The State encourages the combination of scientific research and technological development with higher education and industrial development, and encourages the crossed merging and mutual promotion of natural science with the humanities of social sciences.
The State strengthens the scientific and technological cooperation between different regions, trades and domains, and assists and supports the ethnic autonomous regions, and outlying or poverty- stricken areas in their efforts to make progress in science and technology.
The State strengthens the connection and coordination of military and civilian scientific and technological plans, promotes the mutual exchange and two-way transfer of military and civilian scientific and technological resources and of demands for technological development, in order to develop the technologies for use by both the military and civilian.
Article 7 The State shall draw up and carry out the strategy for intellectual property rights, establish and improve the system of intellectual property rights, create the social environment in which intellectual property rights are respected, and protect intellectual property rights according to law, in order to stimulate independent innovation.
Enterprises, and institutions, and scientists and technicians shall enhance their awareness of the importance of intellectual property rights, increase their ability to innovate independently, and enlarge their capability to exercise, protect and manage intellectual property rights.
Article 8 The State establishes and improves an appraisal system for science and technology conducive to independent innovation.
The appraisal system for science and technology shall be applied through classified appraisal on the basis of the characteristics of different scientific and technological activities and in adherence to the principles of fairness, impartiality and openness.
Article 9 The State shall increase its input of government funds, and formulate, among other policies, industrial, taxation, financial and governmental procurement policies to encourage and give guidance to the input of social funds, and push forward sustained and stable increase of funds for scientific research and technological development by all sectors of society.
Article 10 The State Council shall lead the nationwide work for progress of science and technology, formulate plans for scientific and technological development and determine the major scientific and technological projects of the country and other major projects closely related to science and technology, in order to guarantee balance between scientific and technological progress and economic and social development.
Local people’s governments at various levels shall adopt effective measures to promote progress of science and technology.
Article 11 The administration department for science and technology under the State Council shall be responsible for the macro-management and overall coordination of the work for scientific and technological progress nationwide; and the relevant departments under the State Council shall, within the scope of their respective duties, be responsible for the work related to scientific and technological progress.
The administration departments for science and technology under the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the work for scientific and technological progress within their respective administrative areas; and the relevant departments under the said people’s governments shall, within the scope of their respective duties, be responsible for the work related to scientific and technological progress.
Article 12 The State shall set up a coordinate mechanism for scientific and technological progress, which shall serve the study of major issues in the work for scientific and technological progress, coordinate the establishment of and mutual connection between the national scientific and technological fund and the planned national scientific and technological projects, and coordinate such important matters as the allocation of scientific and technological resources for military and civilian use, the integration of the scientific research and technological development institutions, as well as the combination of scientific research and technological development with higher education and industrial development.
Article 13 The State shall improve the rules and procedures for policy-making with respect to science and technology, set up standardized consultation and policy-making mechanisms, in order that the policy-making process is more scientific and democratic.
In the process of formulating development plans and major policies for science and technology and determining major scientific and technological projects and major projects closely related to science
and technology, the opinions expressed by scientists and technicians shall be heeded fully, in order to make scientific policy-decisions.
Article 14 The Government of the People’s Republic of China shall promote scientific and technological cooperation and exchange with the governments of other countries and international organizations, and encourage scientific research and technological development institutions, institutions of higher educations scientists and technicians, scientific and technological public organizations as well as enterprises and institutions to carry out international scientific and technological cooperation and exchange according to law.
Article 15 The State shall establish a system of rewards in the fields of science and technology. Rewards shall be provided to organizations and individuals that have made important contributions in promoting scientific and technological progress. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
The State shall encourage organizations and individuals inside or outside of China to establish rewards for scientific and technological projects and give such rewards for progress made in science and technology.
Chapter II
Scientific Research, Technological Development and Application of Science and Technology
Article 16 The State shall establish a natural science fund to finance basic research and frontier science exploration and help people become scientists and technicians through training.
The State shall establish an innovation fund for the small and medium-sized science- and technology- oriented enterprises to finance small and medium-sized enterprises in technological innovation.
The State may, when necessary, establish other funds to finance activities for scientific and technological progress.
Article 17 An entity that is engaged in the following activities shall enjoy preferential tax policies in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State:
(1) engaging in technological development and transfer, and providing technological advice and services;
(2) importing devices for scientific research or technological development, which cannot be produced at home or devices that can be produced at home but the properties of which fail to satisfy the requirements;
(3) importing key equipment, raw and semi-finished materials or components and parts, which cannot be produced at home, for the launching of the major special scientific and technological projects of the State or major projects covered by national scientific and technological plans; or
(4) engaging in other activities for scientific research and technological development, or application of scientific and technological advances as provided for in laws and relevant State regulations.
Article 18 The State shall encourage financial institutions to carry out the business of hypothecation of intellectual property rights, encourage and give guidance to such institutions in supporting the application of scientific and technological advances and the development of high and new technology industries by granting loans, etc., and encourage insurance agencies to introduce insurance products in light of the need for development of high and new technology industries.
Policy-oriented financial institutions shall, within the scope of their business, give priority to the application of scientific and technological advances and the development of high and new technology industries in offering financial services.
Article 19 The State shall abide by the principle of combining service rendered by scientific and technological activities to national goals with encouragement of free explorations, make far-sighted arrangements, and develop basic research, research of frontier technologies and technological research for public welfare and support sustained and stable development of the same.
Scientific research and technological development institutions, institutions of higher education, enterprises and other institutions as well as citizens shall, in accordance with law, have the right to independently select subjects for basic research, research of frontier technologies and technological research for public welfare.
Article 20 Patents of invention obtained in projects covered by the scientific and technological fund established with government funds or by scientific and technological plans, copyrights of computer software, patent rights of wiring design of integrated circuits and rights of new plant strains shall, except where national security and interests and vital public interests are involved, be granted to the authorized undertakers of projects according to law.
Project undertakers shall, according to law, exercise the intellectual property rights provided for in the preceding paragraph and, at the same time, take protective measures, and shall submit annual reports on such exercise and protection to project administration authorities; if they fail to exercise their rights within the reasonable time limit, the State may do it without compensation, or may permit another person to do it with or without compensation.
For the benefit of national security and interests or vital public interests, the intellectual property rights, provided for in the first paragraph of this Article, granted to project undertakers according to law may be exercised by the State without compensation, or the State may permit anther person to do it with or without compensation.
The benefits arising from the exercise of the intellectual property rights, provided for in the first paragraph of this Article, shall be distributed among the project undertakers in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations; and where such provisions are lacking in laws, or administrative regulations, the benefits shall be distributed as agreed upon.
Article 21 The State shall encourage the exercise of the intellectual property rights obtained in projects covered by the scientific and technological fund established with government funds, or by scientific and technological plans, within the territory in the first place.
Where the intellectual property rights provided for in the preceding paragraph are to be transferred to overseas organizations or individuals, or to be permitted to be exclusively exercised by such organizations or individuals, the matter shall be subject to approval by the project administration authorities; and where there are other provisions on such authorities in laws or administrative regulations, the provisions there shall prevail.
Article 22 The State shall encourage the introduction of advanced technologies and equipment from other countries in accordance with the industrial and technological policies of the State.
Key technologies and equipment introduced with government funds or State-owned capital shall be digested, absorbed and recreated.
Article 23 The State shall encourage and support basic and application research of agricultural science and technology, disseminate and popularize knowledge of agricultural science and technology, speed up the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in agriculture and their application in production, and promote progress of agricultural science and technology.
People’s governments at or above the county level shall take measures to support agricultural scientific research and technological development institutions for public welfare and institutions for popularization of agricultural technology to conduct research, development and application of new agricultural strains and technologies.
Local people’s governments at various levels shall encourage and give guidance to rural scientific and technological organizations of a mass character in their effects to provide scientific and technological services for the development of crops growing, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, etc. and to conduct training in science and technology among farmers.
Article 24 The State Council may, in light of need, grant approval for establishment of national high and new technology industrial development zones, and give guidance and assistance to construction and development of such zones so as to endow them with their special characteristics and advantages and give play to the effect of concentrated efforts.
Article 25 With respect to the products and services created independently by citizens, legal persons or other organizations within the territory, and the products and services that the State needs to offer special support and assistance, provided that they satisfy the requirements of government
procurement in terms of their performance and technology indexes, the government shall purchase them for procurement; and where they are put on the market for the first time, the government shall take the lead in purchasing them.
Where a product that the government intends to procure is under research and development, the purchaser shall, through bid invitation, decide on the scientific research and technological
development institution, the institution of high education or the enterprise for research and development, and shall place orders for the product.
Article 26 The State shall encourage the combination of scientific research and technological development with the establishment of product and service standards, and the combination of the said research and development with the design and manufacture of products; and the State shall give guidance to scientific research and technological development institutions, institutions of higher education and enterprises in their joint efforts to propel research of the manufacture of products with key national technological innovations and of the establishment of standards for service, and use them according to law.
Article 27 The State shall cultivate and develop a technology market, encourage people to establish intermediary agencies for such activities as technological assessment and brokerage, and shall give guidance to the establishment of a commercialized, specialized and networking service system for technological transactions, in order to promote the popularization and application of scientific and technological advances.
Technological transactions shall be conducted in adherence to the principles of voluntariness, equality, mutual benefit with compensation, honesty and credibility.
Article 28 The State shall apply a security system for science and technology, to protect scientific and technological secrets involving national security and interests.
The State shall apply a system governing the export of such scientific and technological resources as precious, rare, and endangered biological germplasm resources and hereditary resources.
Article 29 The State prohibits scientific research and technological development which undermine national security, harm public interests, endanger human health or violate moral principles and ethics.
Chapter III
Technological Progress of Enterprises
Article 30 The State shall establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises with the efforts of scientific research and technological development institutions and of the institutions of higher education, guide and support enterprises in their technological innovation, and bring into play the leading role of enterprises in technological innovation.
Article 31 Scientific and technological plans related to industrial development formulated by people’s governments at or above the county level and the relevant departments under them shall embody the need of industrial development.
When deciding on projects to be covered by scientific and technological plans, people’s governments at or above the county level and the relevant departments under them shall encourage enterprises to participate in competition on an equal footing and to launch such projects into practice; and with
respect to projects with definite prospects of market application, they shall encourage enterprises to join efforts with scientific research and technological development institutions and institutions of higher education in launching such projects.
Article 32 The State shall encourage enterprises to do the following:
(1) setting up internal scientific research and technological development institutions;
(2) establishing scientific research and technological development institutions together with other enterprises or with scientific research and technological development institutions or institutions of higher education, or entrusting institutions with such research and development, or by other means;
(3) training, recruiting, or employing scientists and technicians;
(4) jointing efforts with scientific research and technological development institutions, institutions of higher education, occupational colleges and schools or training centers in providing training to people so that they become specialized technicians or highly skilled persons, and recruiting graduates of institutions of higher education to work in the enterprises;
(5) setting up post-doctoral working stations according to law; and
(6) conducting popularization of science and technology in combination with technological innovation and training in skills among workers, and setting up centers or providing facilities for popularizing science and technology and keeping them open to the general public.
Article 33 The State shall encourage enterprises to increase their input in research and development and in technological innovation, to determine the subjects of research and development independently and to carry out activities for technological innovation.
The State shall encourage enterprises to digest, absorb and recreate the technologies introduced. The enterprises’ expenses for research and development arising from their development of new
technologies, products and techniques shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State,
be listed before tax and be deducted accumulatively, and the depreciation of the instruments and equipment of enterprises used for scientific research and technological development may be accelerated.
Article 34 The fund that the State establishes with government funds shall provide discount interest and guaranty to the loans received by enterprises for independent innovation and for application of the achievements in production.
Policy-oriented financial institutions shall, within the scope of their business, offer special aid to enterprises’ projects of independent innovation encouraged by the State.
Article 35 The State shall improve the capital market, establish a sound mechanism for promoting independent innovation and support the high and new technology enterprises that meet the conditions to push forward their own development by taking advantage of the capital market.
The State shall encourage the establishment of the fund for guiding investment in pioneering projects to guide the flow of non-government funds towards the enterprises undertaking pioneering projects by way of supporting their development in that direction.
Article 36 The following enterprises shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, enjoy preferential tax policies:
(1) enterprises engaged in research, development and manufacture of high and new technology products;
(2) enterprises investing in pioneering projects undertaken by small and medium-sized high and new technology enterprises; and
(3) other enterprises related to progress of science and technology, as provided for by laws or administrative regulations.
Article 37 The State shall offer support to the erection of public platforms for research and development and the development of intermediaries for science and technology.
The public platforms for research and development and the intermediaries for science and technology shall offer services to small and medium-sized enterprises for their technological innovation.
Article 38 The State shall protect the intellectual property rights obtained by enterprises from research and development.
Enterprises shall ceaselessly increase their ability to apply, protect and manage their intellectual property rights and their ability to make independent innovation and take part in market competition.
Article 39 State-owned enterprises shall establish a sound allocation system conducive to technological innovation and improve their mechanisms of stimulation and restraint.
Leading persons of State-owned enterprises shall be responsible for technological progress of the enterprises. The input of State-owned enterprises into renovation, the increase of their ability to innovate and the achievements of their innovation shall be included in the performance appraisal of the leading persons of the enterprises.
Article 40 Local people’s governments at or above the county level and the relevant departments under them shall create a market environment for fair competition, in order to help promote technological progress of enterprises.
The relevant departments under the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities under the Central Government shall, by adopting such policies
as the industrial, financial, energy and environmental protection policies, give guidance to enterprises and urge them to make researches and develop new technologies, products and techniques, to conduct technological transformation and equipment updating, to eliminate outdated equipment and techniques, and to stop manufacturing products with outdated techniques.
Chapter IV
Scientific Research and Technological Development Institutions
Article 41 The State shall make overall plans for the geographical distribution of scientific research and technological development institutions, and establish and improve the system for scientific research and technological development. Article 42 Citizens, legal persons or other organizations shall have the right to establish scientific research and technological development institutions according to law. Overseas organizations or individuals may independently establish scientific research and technological development institutions within the territory of China according to law, and they may establish such institutions jointly with organizations or individuals within the territory of China according to law.
Scientific research and technological development institutions engaged in basic research, in research of frontier technology, or technological research for public welfare may be established with
government funds. The establishment of scientific research and technological development institutions with government funds shall be arranged in an optimized manner to avoid redundancy; and redundant scientific research and technological development institutions shall be reorganized.
Scientific research and technological development institutions and institutions of higher education may, according to law, set up post-doctoral working stations. Scientific research and technological development institutions may set up their branches abroad according to law. Article 43 Scientific research and technological development institutions shall enjoy the following rights:
(1) organizing or participating in academic activities according to law;
(2) independently determining the orientations and projects of their scientific research and technological development in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, and independently deciding on the management of their internal affairs, such as the use of their funds, structural setup, and personnel recruitment and rational flow;
(3) conducting scientific research and technological development jointly with other scientific research and technological development institutions, institutions of higher education and enterprises;
(4) obtaining public donations and financial aid; and
(5) other rights as provided for in laws or administrative regulations.
Article 44 scientific researches and technological development institutions shall, in accordance with the provisions of their articles of association, conduct activities of scientific research and technological
development; they shall not practice fraud in scientific and technological activities or participate in or support superstition.
Scientific research and technological development conducted by scientific research and technological development institutions set up with government funds shall serve to attain the goals of the State and serve public interests; and where conditions permit, the centers or facilities for popularization of science and technology shall be open to the public by way of popularizing science and technology.
Article 45 Scientific research and technological development institutions set up with government funds shall establish a system for modern institutes characterized by defined duties, scientific appraisal, openness and orderliness and standardized management, apply the system under which the presidents or heads of the institutes assume responsibility, establish the system under which scientific and technological commissions offer advice and the system under which the congresses of the workers and staff exercise supervision, and they shall invite experts of other institutions to participate in management as a means of accepting public supervision; and the competitive mechanism shall be introduced for recruitment of presidents or heads of institutes.
Article 46 Scientific research and technological development institutions established with government funds shall set up a mechanism conducive to sharing of scientific and technological resources in order to facilitate effective use of such resources.
Article 47 The State shall encourage non-government entities to set up scientific research and technological development institutions independently and shall guarantee inviolability of their legitimate rights and interests.
The scientific research and technological development institutions established by non-government entities shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, have the right to participate in launching the projects supported by the scientific and technological fund set up with government funds and the projects covered by scientific and technological plans and to compete in this respect on an equal footing.
Nonprofit scientific research and technological development institutions established by non- government entities shall enjoy preferential tax policies in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
Chapter V
Scientists and Technicians
Article 48 Scientists and technicians constitute an important force in the socialist modernization drive. The State shall take various measures to raise the social status of scientists and technicians, and through various channels, provide training to people so that they become specialists in science and technology and create advantageous environment and conditions for scientists and technicians to play their role fully.
Article 49 People’s governments at various levels and enterprises and institutions shall take measures to increase the salaries and welfare benefits of scientists and technicians; and they shall give substantial material benefits to the scientists and technicians who have made outstanding contributions.
Article 50 People’s governments at various levels and enterprises and institutions shall guarantee the right of scientists and technicians to continued education, and create the environment and conditions for their rational flow, in order to give play to their specialized skills.
Article 51 Scientists and technicians may, based on their academic ability and professional competence and in accordance with law, select their own workplaces, compete for appropriate jobs and obtain the appropriate positions or professional titles.
Article 52 With respect to the scientists and technicians who work in arduous and outlying areas or under adverse and dangerous circumstances, the units which they belong to shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, give subsidies to them and provide them with the occupational protection and health care commensurate with the conditions of their posts and workplaces.
Article 53 Young scientists and technicians, scientists and technicians from among ethnic groups and female scientists and technicians, among others, shall enjoy equal rights in competition for specialized technical posts, and participation in scientific and technological appraisal, undertaking of scientific research and technological development projects, receiving continued education, etc.
Finding, training and employing young scientists and technicians constitute an important part of appraisal of progress of science and technology.
Article 54 The State shall encourage scientists and technicians working abroad to come back and engage in scientific research and technological development. Scientific research and technological development institutions set up with government funds and institutions of higher education that recruit outstanding scientists and technicians who work abroad to come back and engage in scientific research and technological development shall provide conveniences for their work and everyday life.
Outstanding scientists and technicians of other countries who come to China to engage in scientific research and technological development may, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, enjoy priority in obtaining the right to permanent residence in China according to law.
Article 55 Scientists and technicians shall carry forward scientific spirits, observe academic norms, abide by professional ethics, and be honest and trustworthy; and they shall not practice fraud in scientific and technological activities, or participate in or support superstition.
Article 56 The State shall encourage scientists and technicians to carry out free exploration and dare to assume risks. Where original records prove that, although the scientists and technicians undertaking the scientific research and technological development projects, which are highly exploratory and risky, have performed their duty diligently and conscientiously, they still cannot accomplish such research and development, they shall be excused.
Article 57 Administration authorities for projects covered by the scientific and technological fund set up with government funds and projects covered by scientific and technological plans shall establish academic integrity files for the scientists and technicians involved in the projects, which shall serve as the basis for appointing scientists and technicians to specialized technical posts or conferring on them academic titles, or for examination and granting their applications for scientific research and technological development projects.
Article 58 Scientists and technicians shall have the right to establish or join public scientific and technological organizations according to law.
Scientific and technological associations and other public scientific and technological organizations shall, in accordance with their articles of association, play their role in promoting academic exchange, expanding the fields of study, extending popularization of science and technology, training for specialists, providing advisory services, enhancing self-discipline of scientists and technicians, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of scientists and technicians, etc.
The legitimate rights and interests of scientific and technological associations and other public scientific and technological organizations are protected by law.
Chapter VI Guarantee Measures
Article 59 The State shall gradually increase the total input in funds for scientific and technological endeavors; and the rate of increase of government funds earmarked for such endeavors shall be larger than that of the regular government revenues. The funds of the entire society for scientific research and technological development shall constitute an appropriate percentage of the gross domestic product and shall gradually be increased.
Article 60 Government funds for science and technology shall mainly be used for input in the following endeavors:
(1) creation of basic conditions and building of facilities for science and technology; (2) basic research;
(3) research of frontier technologies, of technologies for public welfare and of major key technologies of a general character, which plays a strategic, basic and forward-looking role in economic and social development;
(4) application of major key technologies of a general character and demonstration of application of high and new technologies in production;
(5) research and development of new agricultural strains and technologies and application and popularization of agricultural scientific and technological advances; and
(6) popularization of science and technology.
The State shall offer support to the scientific research and technological development institutions established with government funds in terms of funds, laboratory facilities, etc.
Article 61 Auditing authorities and financial departments shall, according to law, conduct supervision over and inspection of the management and use of government funds earmarked for scientific and technological endeavors.
No organizations or individuals shall make fraudulent applications or claims for, embezzle, misappropriate or withhold government funds earmarked for scientific and technological endeavors.
Article 62 Projects which are covered by the scientific and technological fund established with government funds shall be decided on in adherence to the principles of macro-guidance, independent application, equal competition, peer appraisal and support for the best; and undertakers of the said projects shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, be determined on a selective basis.
Administration authorities for projects covered by the scientific and technological fund established with government funds or by scientific and technological plans shall set up appraisal think tanks, and establish and improve the expert appraisal system for projects covered by the scientific and technological fund or by scientific and technological plans and the selection, challenge and accountability system for appraisal experts.
Article 63 The State shall, in accordance with the principle of overall planning and optimized allocation of resources, reorganize and set up national research and experiment bases for science and technology.
The State encourages the establishment of units in the service of comprehensive scientific and technological experiments, which shall provide, or entrust another unit to provide, such services to scientific research and technological development institutions, institutions of higher education, and enterprises, as well as to scientists and technicians.
Article 64 The State shall, in light of the need for progress of science and technology, make plans for the purchase of large scientific instruments and equipment in adherence to the principles of overall planning, emphasizing of common sharing, optimized allocation of resources, comprehensive integration, leading by the government and concerted efforts made by all entities concerned, and shall conduct joint appraisal of the large scientific instruments and equipment purchased mainly with government funds.
Article 65 Scientific and technological administration department under the State Council shall, together with the relevant departments in charge under the Same, set up a system of information about such scientific and technological resources as scientific and technological research bases, scientific instruments and equipment, scientific and technological documents, data and natural resources, and resources for scientific and technological popularization, and shall make known to the public the distribution and use of scientific and technological resources in a timely manner.
Administration units for scientific and technological resources shall make known to the public the system for common use of the scientific and technological resources under their administration as well as how such resources are used, and shall arrange for their use in accordance with the said system; however, where laws or administrative regulations provided that such resources should be kept confidential, the relevant provisions there shall prevail.
The administration units for scientific and technological resources shall not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of the users of scientific and technological resources, and shall fix the rates of the fees in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State. The other rights and obligations of the administration units and users shall be agreed upon by both parties.
Article 66 The State encourages organizations or individuals at home or abroad to donate their property or set up scientific and technological fund in support of scientific research and technological development and scientific and technological popularization.
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Article 67 Where an entity, in violation of the provisions of this Law, makes a fraudulent application or claim for, embezzles, misappropriates or withholds governments funds earmarked for scientific and technological progress, it shall be ordered to make rectification in accordance with the provisions on punishments and sanctions against violations of financial laws, the government funds involved and the illegal gains shall be recovered, and it shall be given an administrative sanction according to law; and the leading person directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given
sanctions according to law.
Article 68 Where an entity that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, fails to perform the obligation of putting to common use such scientific and technological resources as large scientific instruments and equipment after its purchase of such instruments and equipment with government funds and State-owned capital, the relevant department in charge shall order it to make rectification and shall give sanctions to the leading person directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible according to law.
Article 69 Where an entity, in violation of the provisions of this Law, restricts or suppresses scientific research and technological development, by abusing its power, the leading person directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given sanctions according to law.
Article 70 Where a scientists or technician, in violation of the provisions of this Law, copies or plagiarizes another person’s scientific and technological results, or practices fraud in scientific and technological activities, the unit which he belongs to or the competent department of the unit shall order him to make rectification and shall, according to law, give sanctions to the leading person directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible; the government funds earmarked for scientific and technological progress he has obtained and his illegal gains, if any, shall be recovered by the relevant competent department; and if the circumstances are serious, the said unit or department shall make known to the public the violations committed by the scientist or technician and shall,
within a certain period of time, prohibit him form applying for any project covered by the national scientific and technological fund or by national scientific and technological plans.
Article 71 Where a person, in violation of the provisions of this Law, gets a national scientific national scientific and technological award by fraudulent means, the department in charge shall revoke such award according to law, recover the money award, and give him a sanction according to law.
Where a recommending unit or individual, in violation of the provisions of this Law, provides false data or materials to assist another person in getting a national scientific and technological award by fraudulent means, the department in charge shall criticize it or him in a circular; and if the circumstances are serious, its qualification for recommendation shall be suspended or revoked, and it shall be given a sanction according to law.
Article 72 Where, in violation of provisions of this Law, an administration department for science and technology, or a relevant department, or its staff member abuses its or his power, neglects its or his duties, or engages in malpractices for private gain, the leading person directly in charge of the department and the other persons directly responsible shall be given sanctions according to law.
Article 73 Where administrative penalties are stipulated by the provisions of other laws or regulations for violations of the provisions of this Law, the provisions there shall prevail; where losses of property or other damages are caused, civil liability shall be borne according to law, and if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated for according to law.
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 74 Regulations on other matters related to science and technology of national defense shall be formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. Article 75 This Law shall go into effect as of July 1, 2008.
《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》
全文
目 录 第一章 总 则 第二章 科学研究、技术开发与科学技术应用 第三章 企业技术进步 第四章 科学技术研究开发机构 第五章 科学技术人员 第六章 保障措施 第七章 法律责任 第八章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了促进科学技术进步，发挥科学技术第一生产力的作用，促进科学技术成果向现实生产力转化，推动科学技术为经济建设和社会发展服务，根据宪法，制定本法。 第二条 国家坚持科学发展观，实施科教兴国战略，实行自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的科学技术工作指导方针，构建国家创新体系，建设创新型国家。 第三条 国家保障科学技术研究开发的自由，鼓励科学探索和技术创新，保护科学技术人员的合法权益。 全社会都应当尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造。 学校及其他教育机构应当坚持理论联系实际，注重培养受教育者的独立思考能力、实践能力、创新能力，以及追求真理、崇尚创新、实事求是的科学精神。 第四条 经济建设和社会发展应当依靠科学技术，科学技术进步工作应当为经济建设和社会发展服务。 国家鼓励科学技术研究开发，推动应用科学技术改造传统产业、发展高新技术产业和社会事业。 第五条 国家发展科学技术普及事业，普及科学技术知识，提高全体公民的科学文化素质。 国家鼓励机关、企业事业组织、社会团体和公民参与和支持科学技术进步活动。 第六条 国家鼓励科学技术研究开发与高等教育、产业发展相结合，鼓励自然科学与人文社会科学交叉融合和相互促进。 国家加强跨地区、跨行业和跨领域的科学技术合作，扶持民族地区、边远地区、贫困地区的科学技术进步。 国家加强军用与民用科学技术计划的衔接与协调，促进军用与民用科学技术资源、技术开发需求的互通交流和技术双向转移，发展军民两用技术。 第七条 国家制定和实施知识产权战略，建立和完善知识产权制度，营造尊重知识产权的社会环境，依法保护知识产权，激励自主创新。 企业事业组织和科学技术人员应当增强知识产权意识，增强自主创新能力，提高运用、保护和管理知识产权的能力。 第八条 国家建立和完善有利于自主创新的科学技术评价制度。 科学技术评价制度应当根据不同科学技术活动的特点，按照公平、公正、公开的原则，实行分类评价。 第九条 国家加大财政性资金投入，并制定产业、税收、金融、政府采购等政策，鼓励、引导社会资金投入，推动全社会科学技术研究开发经费持续稳定增长。 第十条 国务院领导全国科学技术进步工作，制定科学技术发展规划，确定国家科学技术重大项目、与科学技术密切相关的重大项目，保障科学技术进步与经济建设和社会发展相协调。 地方各级人民政府应当采取有效措施，推进科学技术进步。 第十一条 国务院科学技术行政部门负责全国科学技术进步工作的宏观管理和统筹协调；国务院其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的科学技术进步工作。 县级以上地方人民政府科学技术行政部门负责本行政区域的科学技术进步工作；县级以上地方人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的科学技术进步工作。 第十二条 国家建立科学技术进步工作协调机制，研究科学技术进步工作中的重大问题，协调国家科学技术基金和国家科学技术计划项目的设立及相互衔接，协调军用与民用科学技术资源配置、科学技术研究开发机构的整合以及科学技术研究开发与高等教育、产业发展相结合等重大事项。 第十三条 国家完善科学技术决策的规则和程序，建立规范的咨询和决策机制，推进决策的科学化、民主化。 制定科学技术发展规划和重大政策，确定科学技术的重大项目、与科学技术密切相关的重大项目，应当充分听取科学技术人员的意见，实行科学决策。 第十四条 中华人民共和国政府发展同外国政府、国际组织之间的科学技术合作与交流，鼓励科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、科学技术人员、科学技术社会团体和企业事业组织依法开展国际科学技术合作与交流。 第十五条 国家建立科学技术奖励制度，对在科学技术进步活动中做出重要贡献的组织和个人给予奖励。具体办法由国务院规定。 国家鼓励国内外的组织或者个人设立科学技术奖项，对科学技术进步给予奖励。
第二章 科学研究、技术开发与科学技术应用
第十六条 国家设立自然科学基金，资助基础研究和科学前沿探索，培养科学技术人才。 国家设立科技型中小企业创新基金，资助中小企业开展技术创新。 国家在必要时可以设立其他基金，资助科学技术进步活动。 第十七条 从事下列活动的，按照国家有关规定享受税收优惠： （一）从事技术开发、技术转让、技术咨询、技术服务； （二）进口国内不能生产或者性能不能满足需要的科学研究或者技术开发用品； （三）为实施国家重大科学技术专项、国家科学技术计划重大项目，进口国内不能生产的关键设备、原材料或者零部件； （四）法律、国家有关规定规定的其他科学研究、技术开发与科学技术应用活动。 第十八条 国家鼓励金融机构开展知识产权质押业务，鼓励和引导金融机构在信贷等方面支持科学技术应用和高新技术产业发展，鼓励保险机构根据高新技术产业发展的需要开发保险品种。 政策性金融机构应当在其业务范围内，为科学技术应用和高新技术产业发展优先提供金融服务。 第十九条 国家遵循科学技术活动服务国家目标与鼓励自由探索相结合的原则，超前部署和发展基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究，支持基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究持续、稳定发展。 科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业事业组织和公民有权依法自主选择课题，从事基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究。 第二十条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目或者科学技术计划项目所形成的发明专利权、计算机软件著作权、集成电路布图设计专有权和植物新品种权，除涉及国家安全、国家利益和重大社会公共利益的外，授权项目承担者依法取得。 项目承担者应当依法实施前款规定的知识产权，同时采取保护措施，并就实施和保护情况向项目管理机构提交年度报告；在合理期限内没有实施的，国家可以无偿实施，也可以许可他人有偿实施或者无偿实施。 项目承担者依法取得的本条第一款规定的知识产权，国家为了国家安全、国家利益和重大社会公共利益的需要，可以无偿实施，也可以许可他人有偿实施或者无偿实施。 项目承担者因实施本条第一款规定的知识产权所产生的利益分配，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定执行；法律、行政法规没有规定的，按照约定执行。 第二十一条 国家鼓励利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目或者科学技术计划项目所形成的知识产权首先在境内使用。 前款规定的知识产权向境外的组织或者个人转让或者许可境外的组织或者个人独占实施的，应当经项目管理机构批准；法律、行政法规对批准机构另有规定的，依照其规定。 第二十二条 国家鼓励根据国家的产业政策和技术政策引进国外先进技术、装备。 利用财政性资金和国有资本引进重大技术、装备的，应当进行技术消化、吸收和再创新。 第二十三条 国家鼓励和支持农业科学技术的基础研究和应用研究，传播和普及农业科学技术知识，加快农业科学技术成果转化和产业化，促进农业科学技术进步。 县级以上人民政府应当采取措施，支持公益性农业科学技术研究开发机构和农业技术推广机构进行农业新品种、新技术的研究开发和应用。 地方各级人民政府应当鼓励和引导农村群众性科学技术组织为种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业等的发展提供科学技术服务，对农民进行科学技术培训。 第二十四条 国务院可以根据需要批准建立国家高新技术产业开发区，并对国家高新技术产业开发区的建设、发展给予引导和扶持，使其形成特色和优势，发挥集聚效应。 第二十五条 对境内公民、法人或者其他组织自主创新的产品、服务或者国家需要重点扶持的产品、服务，在性能、技术等指标能够满足政府采购需求的条件下，政府采购应当购买；首次投放市场的，政府采购应当率先购买。 政府采购的产品尚待研究开发的，采购人应当运用招标方式确定科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校或者企业进行研究开发，并予以订购。 第二十六条 国家推动科学技术研究开发与产品、服务标准制定相结合，科学技术研究开发与产品设计、制造相结合；引导科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业共同推进国家重大技术创新产品、服务标准的研究、制定和依法采用。 第二十七条 国家培育和发展技术市场，鼓励创办从事技术评估、技术经纪等活动的中介服务机构，引导建立社会化、专业化和网络化的技术交易服务体系，推动科学技术成果的推广和应用。 技术交易活动应当遵循自愿、平等、互利有偿和诚实信用的原则。 第二十八条 国家实行科学技术保密制度，保护涉及国家安全和利益的科学技术秘密。 国家实行珍贵、稀有、濒危的生物种质资源、遗传资源等科学技术资源出境管理制度。 第二十九条 国家禁止危害国家安全、损害社会公共利益、危害人体健康、违反伦理道德的科学技术研究开发活动。
第三章 企业技术进步
第三十条 国家建立以企业为主体，以市场为导向，企业同科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校相结合的技术创新体系，引导和扶持企业技术创新活动，发挥企业在技术创新中的主体作用。 第三十一条 县级以上人民政府及其有关部门制定的与产业发展相关的科学技术计划，应当体现产业发展的需求。 县级以上人民政府及其有关部门确定科学技术计划项目，应当鼓励企业参与实施和平等竞争；对具有明确市场应用前景的项目，应当鼓励企业联合科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校共同实施。 第三十二条 国家鼓励企业开展下列活动： （一）设立内部科学技术研究开发机构； （二）同其他企业或者科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校联合建立科学技术研究开发机构，或者以委托等方式开展科学技术研究开发； （三）培养、吸引和使用科学技术人员； （四）同科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、职业院校或者培训机构联合培养专业技术人才和高技能人才，吸引高等学校毕业生到企业工作； （五）依法设立博士后工作站； （六）结合技术创新和职工技能培训，开展科学技术普及活动，设立向公众开放的普及科学技术的场馆或者设施。 第三十三条 国家鼓励企业增加研究开发和技术创新的投入，自主确立研究开发课题，开展技术创新活动。 国家鼓励企业对引进技术进行消化、吸收和再创新。 企业开发新技术、新产品、新工艺发生的研究开发费用可以按照国家有关规定，税前列支并加计扣除，企业科学技术研究开发仪器、设备可以加速折旧。 第三十四条 国家利用财政性资金设立基金，为企业自主创新与成果产业化贷款提供贴息、担保。 政策性金融机构应当在其业务范围内对国家鼓励的企业自主创新项目给予重点支持。 第三十五条 国家完善资本市场，建立健全促进自主创新的机制，支持符合条件的高新技术企业利用资本市场推动自身发展。 国家鼓励设立创业投资引导基金，引导社会资金流向创业投资企业，对企业的创业发展给予支持。 第三十六条 下列企业按照国家有关规定享受税收优惠： （一）从事高新技术产品研究开发、生产的企业； （二）投资于中小型高新技术企业的创业投资企业； （三）法律、行政法规规定的与科学技术进步有关的其他企业。 第三十七条 国家对公共研究开发平台和科学技术中介服务机构的建设给予支持。 公共研究开发平台和科学技术中介服务机构应当为中小企业的技术创新提供服务。 第三十八条 国家依法保护企业研究开发所取得的知识产权。 企业应当不断提高运用、保护和管理知识产权的能力，增强自主创新能力和市场竞争能力。 第三十九条 国有企业应当建立健全有利于技术创新的分配制度，完善激励约束机制。 国有企业负责人对企业的技术进步负责。对国有企业负责人的业绩考核，应当将企业的创新投入、创新能力建设、创新成效等情况纳入考核的范围。 第四十条 县级以上地方人民政府及其有关部门应当创造公平竞争的市场环境，推动企业技术进步。 国务院有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当通过制定产业、财政、能源、环境保护等政策，引导、促使企业研究开发新技术、新产品、新工艺，进行技术改造和设备更新，淘汰技术落后的设备、工艺，停止生产技术落后的产品。
第四章 科学技术研究开发机构
第四十一条 国家统筹规划科学技术研究开发机构的布局，建立和完善科学技术研究开发体系。 第四十二条 公民、法人或者其他组织有权依法设立科学技术研究开发机构。国外的组织或者个人可以在中国境内依法独立设立科学技术研究开发机构，也可以与中国境内的组织或者个人依法联合设立科学技术研究开发机构。 从事基础研究、前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究的科学技术研究开发机构，可以利用财政性资金设立。利用财政性资金设立科学技术研究开发机构，应当优化配置，防止重复设置；对重复设置的科学技术研究开发机构，应当予以整合。 科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校可以依法设立博士后工作站。科学技术研究开发机构可以依法在国外设立分支机构。 第四十三条 科学技术研究开发机构享有下列权利： （一）依法组织或者参加学术活动； （二）按照国家有关规定，自主确定科学技术研究开发方向和项目，自主决定经费使用、机构设置和人员聘用及合理流动等内部管理事务； （三）与其他科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校和企业联合开展科学技术研究开发； （四）获得社会捐赠和资助； （五）法律、行政法规规定的其他权利。 第四十四条 科学技术研究开发机构应当按照章程的规定开展科学技术研究开发活动；不得在科学技术活动中弄虚作假，不得参加、支持迷信活动。 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构开展科学技术研究开发活动，应当为国家目标和社会公共利益服务；有条件的，应当向公众开放普及科学技术的场馆或者设施，开展科学技术普及活动。 第四十五条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构应当建立职责明确、评价科学、开放有序、管理规范的现代院所制度，实行院长或者所长负责制，建立科学技术委员会咨询制和职工代表大会监督制等制度，并吸收外部专家参与管理、接受社会监督；院长或者所长的聘用引入竞争机制。 第四十六条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构，应当建立有利于科学技术资源共享的机制，促进科学技术资源的有效利用。 第四十七条 国家鼓励社会力量自行创办科学技术研究开发机构，保障其合法权益不受侵犯。 社会力量设立的科学技术研究开发机构有权按照国家有关规定，参与实施和平等竞争利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目、科学技术计划项目。 社会力量设立的非营利性科学技术研究开发机构按照国家有关规定享受税收优惠。
第五章 科学技术人员
第四十八条 科学技术人员是社会主义现代化建设事业的重要力量。国家采取各种措施，提高科学技术人员的社会地位，通过各种途径，培养和造就各种专门的科学技术人才，创造有利的环境和条件，充分发挥科学技术人员的作用。 第四十九条 各级人民政府和企业事业组织应当采取措施，提高科学技术人员的工资和福利待遇；对有突出贡献的科学技术人员给予优厚待遇。 第五十条 各级人民政府和企业事业组织应当保障科学技术人员接受继续教育的权利，并为科学技术人员的合理流动创造环境和条件，发挥其专长。 第五十一条 科学技术人员可以根据其学术水平和业务能力依法选择工作单位、竞聘相应的岗位，取得相应的职务或者职称。 第五十二条 科学技术人员在艰苦、边远地区或者恶劣、危险环境中工作，所在单位应当按照国家规定给予补贴，提供其岗位或者工作场所应有的职业健康卫生保护。 第五十三条 青年科学技术人员、少数民族科学技术人员、女性科学技术人员等在竞聘专业技术职务、参与科学技术评价、承担科学技术研究开发项目、接受继续教育等方面享有平等权利。 发现、培养和使用青年科学技术人员的情况，应当作为评价科学技术进步工作的重要内容。 第五十四条 国家鼓励在国外工作的科学技术人员回国从事科学技术研究开发工作。利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校聘用在国外工作的杰出科学技术人员回国从事科学技术研究开发工作的，应当为其工作和生活提供方便。 外国的杰出科学技术人员到中国从事科学技术研究开发工作的，按照国家有关规定，可以依法优先获得在华永久居留权。 第五十五条 科学技术人员应当弘扬科学精神，遵守学术规范，恪守职业道德，诚实守信；不得在科学技术活动中弄虚作假，不得参加、支持迷信活动。 第五十六条 国家鼓励科学技术人员自由探索、勇于承担风险。原始记录能够证明承担探索性强、风险高的科学技术研究开发项目的科学技术人员已经履行了勤勉尽责义务仍不能完成该项目的，给予宽容。 第五十七条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目、科学技术计划项目的管理机构，应当为参与项目的科学技术人员建立学术诚信档案，作为对科学技术人员聘任专业技术职务或者职称、审批科学技术人员申请科学技术研究开发项目等的依据。 第五十八条 科学技术人员有依法创办或者参加科学技术社会团体的权利。 科学技术协会和其他科学技术社会团体按照章程在促进学术交流、推进学科建设、发展科学技术普及事业、培养专门人才、开展咨询服务、加强科学技术人员自律和维护科学技术人员合法权益等方面发挥作用。 科学技术协会和其他科学技术社会团体的合法权益受法律保护。
第六章 保障措施
第五十九条 国家逐步提高科学技术经费投入的总体水平；国家财政用于科学技术经费的增长幅度，应当高于国家财政经常性收入的增长幅度。全社会科学技术研究开发经费应当占国内生产总值适当的比例，并逐步提高。 第六十条 财政性科学技术资金应当主要用于下列事项的投入： （一）科学技术基础条件与设施建设； （二）基础研究； （三）对经济建设和社会发展具有战略性、基础性、前瞻性作用的前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究和重大共性关键技术研究； （四）重大共性关键技术应用和高新技术产业化示范； （五）农业新品种、新技术的研究开发和农业科学技术成果的应用、推广； （六）科学技术普及。 对利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构，国家在经费、实验手段等方面给予支持。 第六十一条 审计机关、财政部门应当依法对财政性科学技术资金的管理和使用情况进行监督检查。 任何组织或者个人不得虚报、冒领、贪污、挪用、截留财政性科学技术资金。 第六十二条 确定利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目，应当坚持宏观引导、自主申请、平等竞争、同行评审、择优支持的原则；确定利用财政性资金设立的科学技术计划项目的项目承担者，应当按照国家有关规定择优确定。 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目、科学技术计划项目的管理机构，应当建立评审专家库，建立健全科学技术基金项目、科学技术计划项目的专家评审制度和评审专家的遴选、回避、问责制度。 第六十三条 国家遵循统筹规划、优化配置的原则，整合和设置国家科学技术研究实验基地。 国家鼓励设置综合性科学技术实验服务单位，为科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业和科学技术人员提供或者委托他人提供科学技术实验服务。 第六十四条 国家根据科学技术进步的需要，按照统筹规划、突出共享、优化配置、综合集成、政府主导、多方共建的原则，制定购置大型科学仪器、设备的规划，并开展对以财政性资金为主购置的大型科学仪器、设备的联合评议工作。 第六十五条 国务院科学技术行政部门应当会同国务院有关主管部门，建立科学技术研究基地、科学仪器设备和科学技术文献、科学技术数据、科学技术自然资源、科学技术普及资源等科学技术资源的信息系统，及时向社会公布科学技术资源的分布、使用情况。 科学技术资源的管理单位应当向社会公布所管理的科学技术资源的共享使用制度和使用情况，并根据使用制度安排使用；但是，法律、行政法规规定应当保密的，依照其规定。 科学技术资源的管理单位不得侵犯科学技术资源使用者的知识产权，并应当按照国家有关规定确定收费标准。管理单位和使用者之间的其他权利义务关系由双方约定。 第六十六条 国家鼓励国内外的组织或者个人捐赠财产、设立科学技术基金，资助科学技术研究开发和科学技术普及。
第七章 法律责任
第六十七条 违反本法规定，虚报、冒领、贪污、挪用、截留用于科学技术进步的财政性资金，依照有关财政违法行为处罚处分的规定责令改正，追回有关财政性资金和违法所得，依法给予行政处罚；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 第六十八条 违反本法规定，利用财政性资金和国有资本购置大型科学仪器、设备后，不履行大型科学仪器、设备等科学技术资源共享使用义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 第六十九条 违反本法规定，滥用职权，限制、压制科学技术研究开发活动的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 第七十条 违反本法规定，抄袭、剽窃他人科学技术成果，或者在科学技术活动中弄虚作假的，由科学技术人员所在单位或者单位主管机关责令改正，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分；获得用于科学技术进步的财政性资金或者有违法所得的，由有关主管部门追回财政性资金和违法所得；情节严重的，由所在单位或者单位主管机关向社会公布其违法行为，禁止其在一定期限内申请国家科学技术基金项目和国家科学技术计划项目。 第七十一条 违反本法规定，骗取国家科学技术奖励的，由主管部门依法撤销奖励，追回奖金，并依法给予处分。 违反本法规定，推荐的单位或者个人提供虚假数据、材料，协助他人骗取国家科学技术奖励的，由主管部门给予通报批评；情节严重的，暂停或者取消其推荐资格，并依法给予处分。 第七十二条 违反本法规定，科学技术行政等有关部门及其工作人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 第七十三条 违反本法规定，其他法律、法规规定行政处罚的，依照其规定；造成财产损失或者其他损害的，依法承担民事责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第八章 附 则
第七十四条 涉及国防科学技术的其他有关事项，由国务院、中央军事委员会规定。 第七十五条 本法自2008年7月1日起施行。
目 录 第一章 总 则 第二章 科学研究、技术开发与科学技术应用 第三章 企业技术进步 第四章 科学技术研究开发机构 第五章 科学技术人员 第六章 保障措施 第七章 法律责任 第八章 附 则
第一条 为了促进科学技术进步，发挥科学技术第一生产力的作用，促进科学技术成果向现实生产力转化，推动科学技术为经济建设和社会发展服务，根据宪法，制定本法。 第二条 国家坚持科学发展观，实施科教兴国战略，实行自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的科学技术工作指导方针，构建国家创新体系，建设创新型国家。 第三条 国家保障科学技术研究开发的自由，鼓励科学探索和技术创新，保护科学技术人员的合法权益。 全社会都应当尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造。 学校及其他教育机构应当坚持理论联系实际，注重培养受教育者的独立思考能力、实践能力、创新能力，以及追求真理、崇尚创新、实事求是的科学精神。 第四条 经济建设和社会发展应当依靠科学技术，科学技术进步工作应当为经济建设和社会发展服务。 国家鼓励科学技术研究开发，推动应用科学技术改造传统产业、发展高新技术产业和社会事业。 第五条 国家发展科学技术普及事业，普及科学技术知识，提高全体公民的科学文化素质。 国家鼓励机关、企业事业组织、社会团体和公民参与和支持科学技术进步活动。 第六条 国家鼓励科学技术研究开发与高等教育、产业发展相结合，鼓励自然科学与人文社会科学交叉融合和相互促进。 国家加强跨地区、跨行业和跨领域的科学技术合作，扶持民族地区、边远地区、贫困地区的科学技术进步。 国家加强军用与民用科学技术计划的衔接与协调，促进军用与民用科学技术资源、技术开发需求的互通交流和技术双向转移，发展军民两用技术。 第七条 国家制定和实施知识产权战略，建立和完善知识产权制度，营造尊重知识产权的社会环境，依法保护知识产权，激励自主创新。 企业事业组织和科学技术人员应当增强知识产权意识，增强自主创新能力，提高运用、保护和管理知识产权的能力。 第八条 国家建立和完善有利于自主创新的科学技术评价制度。 科学技术评价制度应当根据不同科学技术活动的特点，按照公平、公正、公开的原则，实行分类评价。 第九条 国家加大财政性资金投入，并制定产业、税收、金融、政府采购等政策，鼓励、引导社会资金投入，推动全社会科学技术研究开发经费持续稳定增长。 第十条 国务院领导全国科学技术进步工作，制定科学技术发展规划，确定国家科学技术重大项目、与科学技术密切相关的重大项目，保障科学技术进步与经济建设和社会发展相协调。 地方各级人民政府应当采取有效措施，推进科学技术进步。 第十一条 国务院科学技术行政部门负责全国科学技术进步工作的宏观管理和统筹协调；国务院其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的科学技术进步工作。 县级以上地方人民政府科学技术行政部门负责本行政区域的科学技术进步工作；县级以上地方人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的科学技术进步工作。 第十二条 国家建立科学技术进步工作协调机制，研究科学技术进步工作中的重大问题，协调国家科学技术基金和国家科学技术计划项目的设立及相互衔接，协调军用与民用科学技术资源配置、科学技术研究开发机构的整合以及科学技术研究开发与高等教育、产业发展相结合等重大事项。 第十三条 国家完善科学技术决策的规则和程序，建立规范的咨询和决策机制，推进决策的科学化、民主化。 制定科学技术发展规划和重大政策，确定科学技术的重大项目、与科学技术密切相关的重大项目，应当充分听取科学技术人员的意见，实行科学决策。 第十四条 中华人民共和国政府发展同外国政府、国际组织之间的科学技术合作与交流，鼓励科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、科学技术人员、科学技术社会团体和企业事业组织依法开展国际科学技术合作与交流。 第十五条 国家建立科学技术奖励制度，对在科学技术进步活动中做出重要贡献的组织和个人给予奖励。具体办法由国务院规定。 国家鼓励国内外的组织或者个人设立科学技术奖项，对科学技术进步给予奖励。
第十六条 国家设立自然科学基金，资助基础研究和科学前沿探索，培养科学技术人才。 国家设立科技型中小企业创新基金，资助中小企业开展技术创新。 国家在必要时可以设立其他基金，资助科学技术进步活动。 第十七条 从事下列活动的，按照国家有关规定享受税收优惠： （一）从事技术开发、技术转让、技术咨询、技术服务； （二）进口国内不能生产或者性能不能满足需要的科学研究或者技术开发用品； （三）为实施国家重大科学技术专项、国家科学技术计划重大项目，进口国内不能生产的关键设备、原材料或者零部件； （四）法律、国家有关规定规定的其他科学研究、技术开发与科学技术应用活动。 第十八条 国家鼓励金融机构开展知识产权质押业务，鼓励和引导金融机构在信贷等方面支持科学技术应用和高新技术产业发展，鼓励保险机构根据高新技术产业发展的需要开发保险品种。 政策性金融机构应当在其业务范围内，为科学技术应用和高新技术产业发展优先提供金融服务。 第十九条 国家遵循科学技术活动服务国家目标与鼓励自由探索相结合的原则，超前部署和发展基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究，支持基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究持续、稳定发展。 科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业事业组织和公民有权依法自主选择课题，从事基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究。 第二十条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目或者科学技术计划项目所形成的发明专利权、计算机软件著作权、集成电路布图设计专有权和植物新品种权，除涉及国家安全、国家利益和重大社会公共利益的外，授权项目承担者依法取得。 项目承担者应当依法实施前款规定的知识产权，同时采取保护措施，并就实施和保护情况向项目管理机构提交年度报告；在合理期限内没有实施的，国家可以无偿实施，也可以许可他人有偿实施或者无偿实施。 项目承担者依法取得的本条第一款规定的知识产权，国家为了国家安全、国家利益和重大社会公共利益的需要，可以无偿实施，也可以许可他人有偿实施或者无偿实施。 项目承担者因实施本条第一款规定的知识产权所产生的利益分配，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定执行；法律、行政法规没有规定的，按照约定执行。 第二十一条 国家鼓励利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目或者科学技术计划项目所形成的知识产权首先在境内使用。 前款规定的知识产权向境外的组织或者个人转让或者许可境外的组织或者个人独占实施的，应当经项目管理机构批准；法律、行政法规对批准机构另有规定的，依照其规定。 第二十二条 国家鼓励根据国家的产业政策和技术政策引进国外先进技术、装备。 利用财政性资金和国有资本引进重大技术、装备的，应当进行技术消化、吸收和再创新。 第二十三条 国家鼓励和支持农业科学技术的基础研究和应用研究，传播和普及农业科学技术知识，加快农业科学技术成果转化和产业化，促进农业科学技术进步。 县级以上人民政府应当采取措施，支持公益性农业科学技术研究开发机构和农业技术推广机构进行农业新品种、新技术的研究开发和应用。 地方各级人民政府应当鼓励和引导农村群众性科学技术组织为种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业等的发展提供科学技术服务，对农民进行科学技术培训。 第二十四条 国务院可以根据需要批准建立国家高新技术产业开发区，并对国家高新技术产业开发区的建设、发展给予引导和扶持，使其形成特色和优势，发挥集聚效应。 第二十五条 对境内公民、法人或者其他组织自主创新的产品、服务或者国家需要重点扶持的产品、服务，在性能、技术等指标能够满足政府采购需求的条件下，政府采购应当购买；首次投放市场的，政府采购应当率先购买。 政府采购的产品尚待研究开发的，采购人应当运用招标方式确定科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校或者企业进行研究开发，并予以订购。 第二十六条 国家推动科学技术研究开发与产品、服务标准制定相结合，科学技术研究开发与产品设计、制造相结合；引导科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业共同推进国家重大技术创新产品、服务标准的研究、制定和依法采用。 第二十七条 国家培育和发展技术市场，鼓励创办从事技术评估、技术经纪等活动的中介服务机构，引导建立社会化、专业化和网络化的技术交易服务体系，推动科学技术成果的推广和应用。 技术交易活动应当遵循自愿、平等、互利有偿和诚实信用的原则。 第二十八条 国家实行科学技术保密制度，保护涉及国家安全和利益的科学技术秘密。 国家实行珍贵、稀有、濒危的生物种质资源、遗传资源等科学技术资源出境管理制度。 第二十九条 国家禁止危害国家安全、损害社会公共利益、危害人体健康、违反伦理道德的科学技术研究开发活动。
第三十条 国家建立以企业为主体，以市场为导向，企业同科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校相结合的技术创新体系，引导和扶持企业技术创新活动，发挥企业在技术创新中的主体作用。 第三十一条 县级以上人民政府及其有关部门制定的与产业发展相关的科学技术计划，应当体现产业发展的需求。 县级以上人民政府及其有关部门确定科学技术计划项目，应当鼓励企业参与实施和平等竞争；对具有明确市场应用前景的项目，应当鼓励企业联合科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校共同实施。 第三十二条 国家鼓励企业开展下列活动： （一）设立内部科学技术研究开发机构； （二）同其他企业或者科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校联合建立科学技术研究开发机构，或者以委托等方式开展科学技术研究开发； （三）培养、吸引和使用科学技术人员； （四）同科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、职业院校或者培训机构联合培养专业技术人才和高技能人才，吸引高等学校毕业生到企业工作； （五）依法设立博士后工作站； （六）结合技术创新和职工技能培训，开展科学技术普及活动，设立向公众开放的普及科学技术的场馆或者设施。 第三十三条 国家鼓励企业增加研究开发和技术创新的投入，自主确立研究开发课题，开展技术创新活动。 国家鼓励企业对引进技术进行消化、吸收和再创新。 企业开发新技术、新产品、新工艺发生的研究开发费用可以按照国家有关规定，税前列支并加计扣除，企业科学技术研究开发仪器、设备可以加速折旧。 第三十四条 国家利用财政性资金设立基金，为企业自主创新与成果产业化贷款提供贴息、担保。 政策性金融机构应当在其业务范围内对国家鼓励的企业自主创新项目给予重点支持。 第三十五条 国家完善资本市场，建立健全促进自主创新的机制，支持符合条件的高新技术企业利用资本市场推动自身发展。 国家鼓励设立创业投资引导基金，引导社会资金流向创业投资企业，对企业的创业发展给予支持。 第三十六条 下列企业按照国家有关规定享受税收优惠： （一）从事高新技术产品研究开发、生产的企业； （二）投资于中小型高新技术企业的创业投资企业； （三）法律、行政法规规定的与科学技术进步有关的其他企业。 第三十七条 国家对公共研究开发平台和科学技术中介服务机构的建设给予支持。 公共研究开发平台和科学技术中介服务机构应当为中小企业的技术创新提供服务。 第三十八条 国家依法保护企业研究开发所取得的知识产权。 企业应当不断提高运用、保护和管理知识产权的能力，增强自主创新能力和市场竞争能力。 第三十九条 国有企业应当建立健全有利于技术创新的分配制度，完善激励约束机制。 国有企业负责人对企业的技术进步负责。对国有企业负责人的业绩考核，应当将企业的创新投入、创新能力建设、创新成效等情况纳入考核的范围。 第四十条 县级以上地方人民政府及其有关部门应当创造公平竞争的市场环境，推动企业技术进步。 国务院有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当通过制定产业、财政、能源、环境保护等政策，引导、促使企业研究开发新技术、新产品、新工艺，进行技术改造和设备更新，淘汰技术落后的设备、工艺，停止生产技术落后的产品。
第四十一条 国家统筹规划科学技术研究开发机构的布局，建立和完善科学技术研究开发体系。 第四十二条 公民、法人或者其他组织有权依法设立科学技术研究开发机构。国外的组织或者个人可以在中国境内依法独立设立科学技术研究开发机构，也可以与中国境内的组织或者个人依法联合设立科学技术研究开发机构。 从事基础研究、前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究的科学技术研究开发机构，可以利用财政性资金设立。利用财政性资金设立科学技术研究开发机构，应当优化配置，防止重复设置；对重复设置的科学技术研究开发机构，应当予以整合。 科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校可以依法设立博士后工作站。科学技术研究开发机构可以依法在国外设立分支机构。 第四十三条 科学技术研究开发机构享有下列权利： （一）依法组织或者参加学术活动； （二）按照国家有关规定，自主确定科学技术研究开发方向和项目，自主决定经费使用、机构设置和人员聘用及合理流动等内部管理事务； （三）与其他科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校和企业联合开展科学技术研究开发； （四）获得社会捐赠和资助； （五）法律、行政法规规定的其他权利。 第四十四条 科学技术研究开发机构应当按照章程的规定开展科学技术研究开发活动；不得在科学技术活动中弄虚作假，不得参加、支持迷信活动。 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构开展科学技术研究开发活动，应当为国家目标和社会公共利益服务；有条件的，应当向公众开放普及科学技术的场馆或者设施，开展科学技术普及活动。 第四十五条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构应当建立职责明确、评价科学、开放有序、管理规范的现代院所制度，实行院长或者所长负责制，建立科学技术委员会咨询制和职工代表大会监督制等制度，并吸收外部专家参与管理、接受社会监督；院长或者所长的聘用引入竞争机制。 第四十六条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构，应当建立有利于科学技术资源共享的机制，促进科学技术资源的有效利用。 第四十七条 国家鼓励社会力量自行创办科学技术研究开发机构，保障其合法权益不受侵犯。 社会力量设立的科学技术研究开发机构有权按照国家有关规定，参与实施和平等竞争利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目、科学技术计划项目。 社会力量设立的非营利性科学技术研究开发机构按照国家有关规定享受税收优惠。
第四十八条 科学技术人员是社会主义现代化建设事业的重要力量。国家采取各种措施，提高科学技术人员的社会地位，通过各种途径，培养和造就各种专门的科学技术人才，创造有利的环境和条件，充分发挥科学技术人员的作用。 第四十九条 各级人民政府和企业事业组织应当采取措施，提高科学技术人员的工资和福利待遇；对有突出贡献的科学技术人员给予优厚待遇。 第五十条 各级人民政府和企业事业组织应当保障科学技术人员接受继续教育的权利，并为科学技术人员的合理流动创造环境和条件，发挥其专长。 第五十一条 科学技术人员可以根据其学术水平和业务能力依法选择工作单位、竞聘相应的岗位，取得相应的职务或者职称。 第五十二条 科学技术人员在艰苦、边远地区或者恶劣、危险环境中工作，所在单位应当按照国家规定给予补贴，提供其岗位或者工作场所应有的职业健康卫生保护。 第五十三条 青年科学技术人员、少数民族科学技术人员、女性科学技术人员等在竞聘专业技术职务、参与科学技术评价、承担科学技术研究开发项目、接受继续教育等方面享有平等权利。 发现、培养和使用青年科学技术人员的情况，应当作为评价科学技术进步工作的重要内容。 第五十四条 国家鼓励在国外工作的科学技术人员回国从事科学技术研究开发工作。利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校聘用在国外工作的杰出科学技术人员回国从事科学技术研究开发工作的，应当为其工作和生活提供方便。 外国的杰出科学技术人员到中国从事科学技术研究开发工作的，按照国家有关规定，可以依法优先获得在华永久居留权。 第五十五条 科学技术人员应当弘扬科学精神，遵守学术规范，恪守职业道德，诚实守信；不得在科学技术活动中弄虚作假，不得参加、支持迷信活动。 第五十六条 国家鼓励科学技术人员自由探索、勇于承担风险。原始记录能够证明承担探索性强、风险高的科学技术研究开发项目的科学技术人员已经履行了勤勉尽责义务仍不能完成该项目的，给予宽容。 第五十七条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目、科学技术计划项目的管理机构，应当为参与项目的科学技术人员建立学术诚信档案，作为对科学技术人员聘任专业技术职务或者职称、审批科学技术人员申请科学技术研究开发项目等的依据。 第五十八条 科学技术人员有依法创办或者参加科学技术社会团体的权利。 科学技术协会和其他科学技术社会团体按照章程在促进学术交流、推进学科建设、发展科学技术普及事业、培养专门人才、开展咨询服务、加强科学技术人员自律和维护科学技术人员合法权益等方面发挥作用。 科学技术协会和其他科学技术社会团体的合法权益受法律保护。
第五十九条 国家逐步提高科学技术经费投入的总体水平；国家财政用于科学技术经费的增长幅度，应当高于国家财政经常性收入的增长幅度。全社会科学技术研究开发经费应当占国内生产总值适当的比例，并逐步提高。 第六十条 财政性科学技术资金应当主要用于下列事项的投入： （一）科学技术基础条件与设施建设； （二）基础研究； （三）对经济建设和社会发展具有战略性、基础性、前瞻性作用的前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究和重大共性关键技术研究； （四）重大共性关键技术应用和高新技术产业化示范； （五）农业新品种、新技术的研究开发和农业科学技术成果的应用、推广； （六）科学技术普及。 对利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构，国家在经费、实验手段等方面给予支持。 第六十一条 审计机关、财政部门应当依法对财政性科学技术资金的管理和使用情况进行监督检查。 任何组织或者个人不得虚报、冒领、贪污、挪用、截留财政性科学技术资金。 第六十二条 确定利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目，应当坚持宏观引导、自主申请、平等竞争、同行评审、择优支持的原则；确定利用财政性资金设立的科学技术计划项目的项目承担者，应当按照国家有关规定择优确定。 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术基金项目、科学技术计划项目的管理机构，应当建立评审专家库，建立健全科学技术基金项目、科学技术计划项目的专家评审制度和评审专家的遴选、回避、问责制度。 第六十三条 国家遵循统筹规划、优化配置的原则，整合和设置国家科学技术研究实验基地。 国家鼓励设置综合性科学技术实验服务单位，为科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业和科学技术人员提供或者委托他人提供科学技术实验服务。 第六十四条 国家根据科学技术进步的需要，按照统筹规划、突出共享、优化配置、综合集成、政府主导、多方共建的原则，制定购置大型科学仪器、设备的规划，并开展对以财政性资金为主购置的大型科学仪器、设备的联合评议工作。 第六十五条 国务院科学技术行政部门应当会同国务院有关主管部门，建立科学技术研究基地、科学仪器设备和科学技术文献、科学技术数据、科学技术自然资源、科学技术普及资源等科学技术资源的信息系统，及时向社会公布科学技术资源的分布、使用情况。 科学技术资源的管理单位应当向社会公布所管理的科学技术资源的共享使用制度和使用情况，并根据使用制度安排使用；但是，法律、行政法规规定应当保密的，依照其规定。 科学技术资源的管理单位不得侵犯科学技术资源使用者的知识产权，并应当按照国家有关规定确定收费标准。管理单位和使用者之间的其他权利义务关系由双方约定。 第六十六条 国家鼓励国内外的组织或者个人捐赠财产、设立科学技术基金，资助科学技术研究开发和科学技术普及。
第六十七条 违反本法规定，虚报、冒领、贪污、挪用、截留用于科学技术进步的财政性资金，依照有关财政违法行为处罚处分的规定责令改正，追回有关财政性资金和违法所得，依法给予行政处罚；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 第六十八条 违反本法规定，利用财政性资金和国有资本购置大型科学仪器、设备后，不履行大型科学仪器、设备等科学技术资源共享使用义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 第六十九条 违反本法规定，滥用职权，限制、压制科学技术研究开发活动的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 第七十条 违反本法规定，抄袭、剽窃他人科学技术成果，或者在科学技术活动中弄虚作假的，由科学技术人员所在单位或者单位主管机关责令改正，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分；获得用于科学技术进步的财政性资金或者有违法所得的，由有关主管部门追回财政性资金和违法所得；情节严重的，由所在单位或者单位主管机关向社会公布其违法行为，禁止其在一定期限内申请国家科学技术基金项目和国家科学技术计划项目。 第七十一条 违反本法规定，骗取国家科学技术奖励的，由主管部门依法撤销奖励，追回奖金，并依法给予处分。 违反本法规定，推荐的单位或者个人提供虚假数据、材料，协助他人骗取国家科学技术奖励的，由主管部门给予通报批评；情节严重的，暂停或者取消其推荐资格，并依法给予处分。 第七十二条 违反本法规定，科学技术行政等有关部门及其工作人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 第七十三条 违反本法规定，其他法律、法规规定行政处罚的，依照其规定；造成财产损失或者其他损害的，依法承担民事责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第七十四条 涉及国防科学技术的其他有关事项，由国务院、中央军事委员会规定。 第七十五条 本法自2008年7月1日起施行。
第一章 总 则
第二章 科学研究、技术开发与科学技术应用
第三章 企业技术进步
第四章 科学技术研究开发机构
第五章 科学技术人员
第六章 保障措施
第七章 法律责任
第八章 附 则