The Complainant is Société des Hotels Meridien, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of France, represented by Fross Zelnick Lehrman & Zissu, PC of United States of America.
The Respondent is 林清枫Lin Qing Feng of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; YinSi BaoHu Yi KaiQi (Hidden by Whois Privacy Protection Service) of Beijing, China.
The disputed domain name <royal-meridien-hotel.com> is registered with HiChina Zhicheng Technology Ltd. (the “Registrar”).
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on June 1, 2015. On June 2, 2015, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On June 4, 2015, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the disputed domain name which differed from the named Respondent and contact information in the Complaint. The Center sent an email communication to the Complainant on June 8, 2015 providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and requesting the Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. The Complainant filed an amended Complaint on June 10, 2015.
On June 8, 2015, the Center transmitted an email to the parties in English and Chinese regarding the language of the proceeding. On June 10, 2015, the Complainant submitted its request that English be the language of the proceeding by email to the Center. The Respondent did not submit any comments within the specified due date.
The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy” or “UDRP”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint in English and Chinese, and the proceedings commenced on June 12, 2015. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was July 2, 2015. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent’s default on July 3, 2015.
The Center appointed Sok Ling MOI as the sole panelist in this matter on July 14, 2015. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
The Complainant is an affiliate of Starwood, Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc, a leading global hotel and leisure company. Currently, the Complainant owns a portfolio of over 100 LE MERIDIEN hotels in over 50 countries worldwide. The Complainant’s LE MERIDIEN hotels include the Le Royal Meridien Shanghai located in Shanghai, China.
The Complainant owns trade mark registrations for the LE MERIDIEN trade mark in several countries in connection with its hotel and resort services, travel services and various related goods and services, including the following trade mark registrations:
|
Mark |
Country |
Class |
Registration Number |
|
LE MERIDIEN (stylized) |
International Register |
16, 39, 42 |
741561 |
|
LE ROYAL MERIDIEN |
China |
43 |
3504212 |
|
LE ROYAL MERIDIEN (in Chinese) |
China |
43 |
3504213 |
The Complainant has a prominent Internet presence. It operates a website at its registered domain name <lemeridien.com> and owns several other LE MERIDIEN-formative domain names such as <lemeridien-hotels.com>, <lemeridienhotels.com> and <lemeridien.travel>, many of which direct consumers to its website. The website purportedly enables computer users to make online reservations for the Complainant’s LE MERIDIEN hotels worldwide.
The disputed domain name <royal-meridien-hotel.com> was registered on July 2, 2013, more than 40 years after the Complainant’s LE MERIDIEN trade mark was first registered and used in commerce. It currently resolves to a website which shows the LE MERIDIEN trade mark and the purported offer for reservation of rooms at the Le Royal Meridien Shanghai hotel.
The Complainant has used its LE MERIDIEN mark in connection with hotel and resort services, travel services and various related goods and services for more than 4 decades. The Complainant’s LE MERIDIEN mark has become one of the most prestigious hotel brands in the world. Its LE MERIDIEN hotels and resorts have received numerous awards and have been the subject of extensive media coverage throughout the world. In addition to extensive marketing of the LE MERIDIEN mark, the Complainant has registered the LE MERIDIEN mark throughout the world in connection with hotel and resort services, travel services and various related goods and services.
The disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s LE MERIDIEN and LE ROYAL MERIDIEN trade marks. It consists of a combination of the Complainant’s trade mark without the “LE” portion, the descriptive word “hotel” plus the “.com” generic Top-Level Domain indicator. The addition of the term “hotel” adds to rather than diminishes the likelihood of confusion. The gTLD indicator “.com” cannot be taken into consideration when judging confusing similarity.
The Complainant’s adoption and use of the LE MERIDIEN trade mark pre-dates the Respondent’s registration of the disputed domain name by more than 4 decades.
The Respondent has no connection or affiliation with the Complainant and has not received any license or consent (express or implied) from the Complainant to use the LE MERIDIEN trade mark in a domain name or in any other manner. Furthermore, the Respondent has never been authorized by the Complainant to supply or provide hotel reservation services online. The Respondent’s use of the disputed domain name to purportedly offer reservation services at the Complainant’s Le Royal Meridien Shanghai hotel is misleading and does not constitute a right or legitimate interest.
There is no evidence that Respondent has ever been commonly known by the names “Royal” or “Meridien”, or that the Respondent has any plans to use the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide use.
The Complainant’s LE MERIDIEN trade mark enjoys international recognition. It is inconceivable that the Respondent was unaware of the LE MERIDIEN trade mark when it registered the disputed domain name. The Respondent’s reference on its website to the Complainant’s hotel services is clear proof that the Respondent is aware of the fame of the LE MERIDIEN trade mark.
The Respondent is using the disputed domain name in connection with a website that is intended to look like the Complainant’s official website for the Le Royal Meridien Shanghai hotel. The Respondent appears to have registered the disputed domain name with the intention of leading the Complainant’s customers to the Respondent’s website purporting to offer reservation services at the Le Royal Meridien Shanghai hotel.
The Respondent has unfairly capitalised on the goodwill and fame of the Complainant’s LE MERIDIEN trade mark to lure consumers to its website and has improperly benefited financially in violation of paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy.
The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions.
Pursuant to paragraph 11(a) of the Rules, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, or specified otherwise in the Registration Agreement, the language of the administrative proceeding shall be the language of the Registration Agreement, subject to the authority of the Panel to determine otherwise, having regard to the circumstances of the administrative proceeding. Paragraph 10(b) and (c) of the Rules requires the Panel to ensure that the proceeding takes place with due expedition and that the parties are treated fairly and given a fair opportunity to present their respective case.
The language of the Registration Agreement for the disputed domain name is Chinese. From the evidence on record, no agreement appears to have been entered into between the Complainant and the Respondent regarding the language issue. The Complainant filed its Complaint in English, and has requested that English be the language of the proceeding for the following reasons:
(a) The disputed domain name is in the English language and refers to the English name for the property in question, Le Royal Meridien Shanghai.
(b) Portions of the Respondent’s website associated with the dispute domain name are in English.
(c) Prior UDRP proceedings (e.g. Starwood v. Lin Qing Feng, WIPO Case No. D2013-0840and Starwood v. Lin Qing Feng, WIPO Case No. D2014-0261) involving the same Respondent has been conducted in the English language with no objection from the Respondent. In Starwood v. Lin Qing Feng, supra, the panel decided that English shall be the language of the proceeding for the reason that “(T)he Respondent has communicated with counsel for the Complainant in English, clearly having read the demand letter that was sent to the Respondent in the English language.”
On the record, the Respondent appears to be a Chinese individual and is thus presumably not a native English speaker. There is no actual evidence before the Panel to indicate that there has been prior communication between the parties in English. On the other hand, requesting the Complaint to be translated to Chinese would in the circumstances of this case cause an unnecessary cost burden to the Complainant and would cause delay to the proceeding.
Having considered all the circumstances of this case, the Panel finds the choice of English as the language of the present proceeding is fair to both parties and is not prejudicial to either one of the parties in his or her ability to articulate the arguments for this case. In arriving at this decision, the Panel took the following factors into consideration:
(a) the disputed domain name <royal-meridien-hotel.com> is registered in Latin characters, rather than Chinese script;
(b) the Respondent has registered several other domain names consisting of Latin characters, example <goldensun-hotel.com>, <gz-hyatt.com>, <gz-island.com>, gz-presidenthotel.com> based on a reverse WhoIs look up which the Panel independently conducted.
(c) in Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Sheraton LLC and Sheraton International IP, LLC v. Lin Qing Feng (林清枫); YinSi BaoHu Yi KaiQi (Hidden by Whois Privacy Protection Service), WIPO Case No. D2015-0942, the same Respondent (with the same email address) was found by this Panel to have sufficient knowledge of English on the basis that the content of the Respondent’s website reproduces various copyrighted images and logos of the complainant, and reads almost like a Chinese translation of the complainant’s official website of its St. Regis Shenzhen Hotel.
(d) the Center has notified the Respondent of the proceeding in both Chinese and English;
(e) The Respondent has been given the opportunity to present its case in this proceeding and to respond to the issue of the language of the proceeding but has chosen not to do so; and
(f) the Center informed the Respondent that it would accept a Response in either English or Chinese.
Accordingly, the Panel determines under paragraph 11(a) of the Rules that (i) it shall accept the Complaint as filed in English; (ii) that English shall be the language of the proceeding and the decision will be rendered in English.
Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy directs that the Complainant must prove each of the following three elements to obtain an order for the disputed domain name to be cancelled or transferred:
(i) the disputed domain name registered by the Respondent is identical or confusingly similar to a trade mark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights;
(ii) the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name; and
(iii) the disputed domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
On the basis of the evidence introduced by the Complainant, the Panel concludes as follows:
The Panel accepts that the Complainant has rights in the LE MERIDIEN and LE ROYAL MERIDIEN trade marks by virtue of use and registration.
The disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the LE MERIDIEN and LE ROYAL MERIDIEN trade marks because it incorporates a significant and dominant part of the Complainant’s trade marks in its entirety. The Panel agrees with the Complainant’s argument that the use of the word “hotel” compounds the confusion, as it suggests connection to the Complainant’s hotel business. The addition of the gTLD “.com” and two hyphens does not detract from the confusing similarity. The Panel therefore has no difficulty in finding that the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the LE MERIDIEN and LE ROYAL MERIDIEN trade marks in which the Complainant has rights.
Accordingly, the Complainant has satisfied the requirements of the first element under paragraph 4(a) of the Policy.
Under paragraph 4(a)(ii), the Complainant bears the burden of establishing that the Respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. However, once the Complainant makes a prima facie showing under paragraph 4(a)(ii), the burden shifts to the Respondent to establish its rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name by demonstrating any of the following, without limitation, under paragraph 4(c):
(i) before any notice to it of the dispute, the Respondent’s use of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the disputed domain name or a name corresponding to the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services; or
(ii) the Respondent has been commonly known by the disputed domain name, even if it has acquired no trade mark or service mark rights; or
(iii) the Respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trade mark or service mark at issue.
(See Taylor Wimpey PLC, Taylor Wimpey Holdings Limited v. honghao internet foshan co, ltd, WIPO Case No. D2013-0974).
The Panel is satisfied that the Complainant has made out a prima facie showing that the Respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. Indeed, by claiming to accept reservations for rooms in the Complainant’s Le Royal Meridien Shanghai hotel despite the lack of affiliation or association with or authorization from the Complainant, it appears that the Respondent has intent to, for commercial gain, mislead Internet users into believing that its website “www.royal-meridien-hotel.com” is somehow connected with the Complainant.
The Respondent has failed to respond. Since no response was filed, the prima facie case has not been rebutted.
Accordingly, the Complainant has satisfied the requirements of the second element under paragraph 4(a) of the Policy.
Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy sets out four circumstances which, without limitation, shall be evidence of the registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith, namely:
(i) circumstances indicating that the Respondent has registered or acquired the disputed domain name primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the domain name registrations to the Complainant who is the owner of the trade mark or service mark or to a competitor of the Complainant, for valuable consideration in excess of the Respondent’s documented out-of-pocket costs directly related to the disputed domain name; or
(ii) the Respondent has registered the disputed domain name in order to prevent the owner of the trade mark or service mark from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name, provided that the Respondent has engaged in a pattern of such conduct; or
(iii) the Respondent has registered the disputed domain name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a competitor; or
(iii) by using the disputed domain name, the Respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to the Respondent’s website or other on-line location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the Respondent’s websites or location or of a product.
The Panel finds that the Respondent has registered the disputed domain name in bad faith. The Respondent was clearly aware of the Complainant and of its LE MERIDIEN and LE ROYAL MERIDIEN trade marks and hotels when it registered the disputed domain name. The fact that the Respondent purports to offer valid reservation services at the Complainant’s Le Royal Meridien Shanghai hotel, and that its website reproduces copyrighted images from the Complainant’s official websites, augments this conclusion.
Moreover, the Respondent registered the disputed domain name with a privacy shield service to conceal its identity. Also, the contact information of the Respondent in the WhoIs database appears to be invalid: as evidenced by the communication records provided by the Center. The Panel finds that the deliberate concealment of identity and provision of false contact information is yet further evidence of the Respondent’s bad faith.
The Panel agrees with the Complainant’s assertion that the Respondent is using the disputed domain name to take advantage of the similarity with the Complainant’s LE MERIDIEN trade mark, to unfairly attract customers to its website. Further, by purporting to offer valid reservation services at the Complainant’s Le Royal Meridien Shanghai hotel despite the lack of affiliation or association with the Complainant, it is clear that the Respondent has intent to mislead consumers and Internet users into believing that its website “www.royal-meridien-hotel.com” is owned by or somehow connected with the Complainant. In the Panel’s opinion, there is therefore a high possibility that consumers and Internet users would be confused as to the sponsorship, affiliation and endorsement of the Respondent’s website, and to the source of the products/services offered on the Respondent’s website.
The Panel further notes that the Respondent uses the term “官方网站” (translated as “official website”) in fine print in the footer of the Respondent’s website and refers to the Le Royal Meridien Shanghai hotel as “our hotel” in the contents of the website. This, in the Panel’s view, is clear evidence of the Respondent’s bad faith.
In Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Sheraton LLC and Sheraton International IP, LLC v. Lin Qing Feng (林清枫); YinSi BaoHu Yi KaiQi (Hidden by Whois Privacy Protection Service), supra, the same Respondent (with the same email address) was found by this Panel to have registered and used the disputed domain name in question in bad faith. There is therefore some evidence to suggest that the Respondent is engaged in a pattern of conduct of trying to prevent the Complainant and its affiliates from reflecting their trade marks in a corresponding domain name.
Accordingly, the Panel is satisfied that the Respondent is using the disputed domain name for mala fide purpose and illegitimate financial gain.
The Panel finds that the circumstances referred to in paragraph 4(b)(ii) and (iv) of the Policy are applicable to the present case and taking into account all other relevant circumstances, it is adequate to conclude that the Respondent has registered and used the disputed domain name in bad faith.
Accordingly, the Complainant has satisfied the requirements of the third element under paragraph 4(a) of the Policy.
For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the disputed domain name <royal-meridien-hotel.com> be transferred to the Complainant.
Sok Ling MOI
Sole Panelist
Date: July 30, 2015