Search Reset
Query > English
WIPO Magazine, Issue 5/2016 (October)
The WIPO Magazine explores intellectual property, creativity and innovation in action across the world.
Publication year: 2016
Report of the Director General to the 2016 WIPO Assemblies
This report is a presentation of the work accomplished by the Organization during the year that has passed since the last meeting of the WIPO Assemblies.
WIPO Survey on Patenting Strategies in 2009 and 2010 - Final report
To better understand how users of the PCT System responded to the difficult economic conditions in 2009 and how they may respond to the incipient economic recovery in 2010.
Publication year: 2011
Accessible Books Consortium:
Bringing books to persons with print disabilities
The Accessible Books Consortium (ABC) is an alliance that comprises WIPO, organizations that serve persons with print disabilities and organizations that represent authors and publishers.
Publication year: 2014
Neighboring Rights
Collective Management Organizations – Tool Kit
This WIPO toolkit offers a practical approach to the collective management of copyright and related rights.
Musical Works and Audio-Visual Works
BVGH Partnership Hub Report - Annual Report 2017
Publication year: 2018
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 2001
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international patent system.
Publication year: 2002
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 2000
Publication year: 2001
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 1999
Publication year: 2000
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 1998
Publication year: 1999
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 1997
Publication year: 1998
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 1996
Publication year: 1997
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 1995
Publication year: 1996
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in 1994
Publication year: 1995
WIPO Program and Budget
for the 2016/17 biennium
This Program and Budget provides the planning for the biennium 2016/17 within the overall strategic context of the Medium Term Strategic Plan (MTSP) and guided by the inputs received from Member States.
Integrating Intellectual Property into Innovation Policy Formulation in Jamaica
Part of a series of WIPO-produced country reports, reviewing IP in national innovation systems. Each report offers country-specific recommendations for more effectively using the IP system to strengthen national innovation systems.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 1/2016 (February)
Measuring Creativity: Learning from Innovation Measurement
Economic Research Working Paper No. 31
There is a growing interest in broadening the measurement scope of innovation and considering “creative” activities, meaning that the usual indicators of innovation satisfy neither scholars nor policy makers. Conceptually, there is not much difference between innovative and creative activity: but to what extent are current measures that capture innovation relevant for creativity? Can the new measures for creativity benefit from the experience accumulated through R&D and innovation? Our article provides insights and lessons learned from using measures of innovative activities for scholars who are interested in capturing creative activities. We underscore the difficulties faced when measuring innovation and draw some parallels of these difficulties with the efforts undertaken to measure creativity.
International Survey on Text and Image Copyright Levies
2015 Edition
The second ‘International Survey of Text and Image Copyright Levies', jointly published by WIPO and IFRRO analyzes the origins, scope and current use of text and image copyright levies around the world. It shows the role of this mechanism for ensuring easy legal access to copyright material and its major differences with audio and audio-visual private copying levies. The Survey is based on data from IFRRO members and provides and overview of this important income stream for copyright holders.
Publication year: 2015
WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2015
An overview of intellectual property activity based on the latest available year of complete statistics.
International Survey on Private Copying - Law and Practice 2015
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the Dutch collecting society for private copying remunerations, Stichting de Thuiskopie, are pleased to present the third joint publication on the law and practice of private copying systems around the world. The survey provides a global view of private copying compensation (also known as private copying levies), an important element of copyright and related rights infrastructure. It aims to facilitate evidence-based decision-making and to provide an update on important developments in the private copying law and practice of countries that have such an exception in their legal arsenals.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 6/2015 (December)
World Intellectual Property Indicators - 2015
This annual publication provides a wide range of indicators covering the following areas of intellectual property: patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms and plant variety protection. It draws on data from national and regional IP offices, WIPO and the World Bank.
Breakthrough technologies – Robotics, innovation and intellectual property
Economic Research Working Paper No. 30
Robotics technology and the increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence are breakthrough innovations with significant growth prospects and the potential to disrupt existing economic and social facets of everyday life. Few studies have analyzed the developments of robotics innovation. This paper closes this gap by analyzing how innovation in robotics is taking place, how it diffuses, and what role intellectual property plays.
Economic growth and breakthrough innovations: A case study of nanotechnology
Economic Research Working Paper No. 29
This paper examines the role of intellectual property and other innovation incentives in the development of one field of breakthrough innovation: nanotechnology. Because nanotechnology is an enabling technology across a wide range of fields, the nanotechnology innovation ecosystem appears to be a microcosm of the global innovation ecosystem. Part I describes the nature of nanotechnology and its economic contribution, Part II explores the nanotechnology innovation ecosystem, and Part III focuses on the role of IP systems in the development of nanotechnology.
3D printing and the intellectual property system
Economic Research Working Paper No. 28
Three-dimensional (3D) printing – or “additive manufacturing” – technologies differ from traditional molding and casting manufacturing processes in that they build 3D objects by successively creating layers of material on top of each other. Rooted in manufacturing research of the 1980s, 3D printing has evolved into a broad set of technologies that could fundamentally alter production processes in a wide set of technology areas. This report investigates, from the perspective of an intellectual property scholar, how 3D printing technology has developed over the last few decades, how intellectual property rights have shaped this breakthrough innovation and how 3D printing technologies could challenge the intellectual property rights system in the future.
Breakthrough technologies – Semiconductor, innovation and intellectual property
Economic Research Working Paper No. 27
Semiconductor technology is at the origin of today's digital economy. Its contribution to innovation, productivity and economic growth in the past four decades has been extensive. This paper analyzes how this breakthrough technology came about, how it diffused, and what role intellectual property played historically.
Intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals: The case of antibiotics
Economic Research Working Paper No. 26
The development and diffusion of antibiotics contributed to large improvements in human health and living standards. The antibiotic revolution also spawned the modern pharmaceutical industry. This paper reviews the development of the early antibiotics, and the roles of intellectual property rights (in particular, patents) in their development and diffusion.
Breakthrough innovations in aircraft and the intellectual property system, 1900-1975
Economic Research Working Paper No. 25
Modern commercial aircraft are complex products that incorporate innovations in technologies ranging from advanced materials to software and electronics. Although commercial aircraft assuredly qualify as a transformative innovation, in fact today's commercial aircraft are the result of a process of incremental innovation and improvement that dates back more than a century. A great many of these improvements and incremental innovations originated from government-supported R&D programs sponsored by the military services or government research laboratories. The adoption of commercial-aircraft innovations within many industrial economies, including the United States, also has been influenced by government regulation of air transportation. This paper provides a historical characterization of the innovation and record of technical progress in US commercial aircraft during the 1900-1975 period. It identifies the sources of support for innovation and technological adoption, and examines the origins and impacts of “breakthrough innovations” on the overall evolution of the global commercial aircraft industry. The paper also assesses the role of patents in these important innovations.
World Intellectual Property Report 2017 – Intangible Capital in Global Value Chains
The World Intellectual Property Report 2017 examines the crucial role of intangibles such as technology, design and branding in international manufacturing. Macroeconomic analysis is complemented by case studies of the global value chains for three products – coffee, photovoltaic energy cells and smartphones – to give an insightful picture of the importance of intellectual property and other intangibles in modern production.
Publication year: 2017
Vaccines: Accelerating Innovation and Access
Global Challenges Report
This Global Challenges Report describes the innovation process for vaccines. It explains how the restricted availability of vaccines is due to impediments at every stage of the process. Most of these obstacles are manageable, and intellectual property (IP) rights are associated with only some of them. The analysis aims to put into perspective debates around health innovation and the availability of health technologies in developing countries, especially with respect to the role of IP. In particular, it provides an overview of how IP has been used to meet global health challenges in the vaccines field, and considers whether lessons can be drawn to inform other important health technologies.
Global Innovation Index 2015
Effective Innovation Policies for Development
The Global Innovation Index ranks the innovation performance of 141 countries and economies around the world, based on 79 indicators. This edition explores the impact of innovation-oriented policies on economic growth and development. High-income and developing countries alike are seeking innovation-driven growth through different strategies. Some countries are successfully improving their innovation capacity, while others still struggle.
WIPO Re:Search: Sharing Innovation in the Fight Against Neglected Tropical Diseases
Global Challenges Brief
An overview of issues relevant to debates about solutions to global challenges, such as climate change, public health and food security.
Private International Law Issues in Online Intellectual Property Infringement Disputes with Cross-Border Elements
An Analysis of National Approaches
The objective of this report is to contribute to the understanding of the issues at the interface between private international law and intellectual property through an empirical study, and to identify possible future activities in this area.
Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks 2006
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of marks.
Publication year: 2007
Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks 2007
Publication year: 2008
Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks 2008
Publication year: 2009
Yearly Review of the PCT: 2002
Publication year: 2003
Yearly Review of the PCT: 2003
Publication year: 2004
The International Patent System in 2004
Yearly review of the PCT
Publication year: 2005
Sources of Biopharmaceutical Innovation: An Assessment of Intellectual Property
Economic Research Working Paper No. 24
An analysis of new, FDA-approved molecular entities reveals dynamism in terms of new innovation. An assessment of the first patent for each drug reveals that the pharmaceutical industry, particularly large, established companies in North America, tend to dominate the field. Whereas inventors continue to found biotechnology companies at a steady rate, recent trends suggest these inventors more often come from the private sector.
The Use of Intellectual Property in Brazil
Economic Research Working Paper No. 23
This study describes patterns and trends of intellectual property use in Brazil, drawing on a new statistical database (BADEPI).
Trademarks Squatters: Evidence from Chile
Economic Research Working Paper No. 22
This paper explores the phenomenon of “trademark squatting” – a situation in which someone other than the original brand owner obtains a trademark on a brand. The authors develop a model that shows how squatting results from market uncertainty that leads brand owners to rationally forgo registering trademarks, creating opportunities for squatting. They create an algorithm to identify squatters in the Chilean trademark register and show empirically that squatting is a persistent and systematic phenomenon. Using data on trademark oppositions, the authors find that squatting leads brand owners that have been exposed to squatting to “over-protect” their brands by registering disproportionately many trademarks and covering classes other than those directly related to their products and services. Trademark squatting, therefore, creates a strategic, albeit excessive, response by brand owners which inflates trademark filings.
Defining and Measuring the “Market for Brands”: Are Emerging Economies Catching Up?
Economic Research Working Paper No. 21
Markets for brands, as defined in this paper, play an important but underappreciated economic role in today's global economy. The ability to use Market for Brands allows companies to diversify their business; access competences; and generate new revenues without substantial investments. This paper defines and provides a taxonomy for different brand markets then analyzes the economic rationale of such markets. It also assesses the relative importance of the different brand-related transaction types in developed and emerging economies alike.
International Patenting Strategies of Chinese Residents: An Analysis of Foreign-Oriented Patent Families
Economic Research Working Paper No. 20
This paper analyzes Chinese patenting abroad by using WIPO's foreign-oriented patent family dataset and a respective enterprise questionnaire. It finds that by the turn of the century China emerged as major actor in terms of international patenting. While this is changing rapidly, the share of Chinese patents which get filed abroad is still a fraction of total patents filed at home and most patents still also only target one foreign IP office. Chinese foreign-oriented patent families are concentrated in a few technology fields, and a few Chinese firms are responsible for a large share of total Chinese patents filed abroad.
The Emergence of An Educational Tool Industry: Opportunities and Challenges for Innovation in Education
Economic Research Working Paper No. 19
This paper describes the emergence of a population of firms specialized in developing and commercializing educational tools and instructional technologies, and discusses whether this trend can be seen as part of the solution to the innovation deficit and cost disease problems in this sector.
The Egyptian Information Technology Sector and the Role of Intellectual Property: Economic Assessment and Recommendations
Economic Research Working Paper No. 18
This paper discusses the state of innovation in the Egyptian information technology sector (IT) and seeks to identify the current and potential role of intellectual property (IP) for this sector as well as the links between IP and innovation and foreign direct investment. The paper proposes IP-related policies which could contribute to promoting domestic innovation.
Inventor Data for Research on Migration and Innovation: A Survey and a Pilot
Economic Research Working Paper No. 17
This paper discusses the existing literature on migration and innovation, with special emphasis on empirical studies based on patent and inventor data. Other sources of micro-data are examined, too, for comparative purposes. A pilot database, based on patent filings at the European Patent Office is presented. It contains information on individual inventors, including their country of residence and of origin. Preliminary evidence suggests that immigrant inventors contribute to innovation not only in the United States, but also in selected European countries, where they often rank among the most productive individuals.
U.S. High-Skilled Immigration, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Approaches and Evidence
Economic Research Working Paper No. 16
High-skilled immigrants are a very important component of U.S. innovation and entrepreneurship. Studies regarding the impact of immigrants on natives tend to find limited consequences in the short-run, while the results in the long-run are more varied and much less certain. Immigrants in the United States aid business and technology exchanges with their home countries, but the overall effect that the migration has on the home country remains unclear. Little is known about return migration of workers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship, except that it is rapidly growing in importance.
Diaspora Networks, Knowledge Flows and Brain Drain
Economic Research Working Paper No. 15
The paper summarizes key findings from the literature on how distance, relationships and ethnic ties influence knowledge flows, and describes a model that relates emigration and the diaspora to knowledge flows. It recaps a key study that reports evidence of a link from the diaspora and knowledge flows to home country manufacturing productivity. The study summarizes the ways in which intellectual property (IP) protection may influence knowledge flow patterns through incentives (market for ideas) and disincentives (anticommons). Finally, it speculates on how diaspora knowledge flows and IP may alleviate developing country low-productivity equilibria (“poverty traps”) caused by an underinvestment in specialized human capital.
An "Algorithmic Links with Probabilities" Concordance for Trademarks For Disaggregated Analysis of Trademark and Economic Data
Economic Research Working Paper No. 14
The authors propose an ‘Algorithmic Links with Probabilities' (ALP) approach to match Trademarks (TMs) data to economic data and enable these data to speak to each other. Specifically, they construct a NICE Class Level concordance that maps TM data into trade and industry categories forward and backward. This concordance allows researchers to analyze differences in TM usage across both economic and TM sectors. In this paper, the authors apply this ALP concordance for TMs to characterize patterns in TM applications across countries, industries, income levels and more. They also use the concordance to investigate some of the key determinants of international technology transfer by comparing bilateral TM applications and bilateral patent applications.
Brands as Productive Assets: Concepts, Measurement, and Global Trends
Economic Research Working Paper No. 13
The paper looks at brands from an economic point of view. It defines concepts; analyzes the conditions under which brands are long-lived productive assets and contribute to economic growth; and reviews the measurement of investment in brands. It finds that a productive role for brands is consistent with assumptions used in the economic analysis of innovation. Finally it offers an analysis of economic development that suggests branding rises with growth.
Exploring the Worldwide Patent Surge
Economic Research Working Paper No. 12
This paper provides an analysis of global patenting trends using the most comprehensive data currently available. Among other things, it finds that subsequent patent filings – additional filings of the same invention, mostly in additional countries – contributed considerably to the growth in filings worldwide, pointing to globalization as one important driver of filing growth. However, no single factor can fully explain the marked increase in the use of the patent system.
Publication year: 2013
The Use of Intellectual Property in Chile
Economic Research Working paper 11
This study describes patterns and trends of intellectual property (IP) use in Chile, drawing on a new database containing all patent, trademark, utility model, and design filings received by the Chilean IP office over the period 1991-2010. Among other things, the study offers insights into the drivers of filing growth, the origin of filings, the distribution of applicants, the importance of different applicant types, the share of filings by different economic sectors, the relevance of IP bundles, and the patenting behavior of Chilean applicants overseas.
The Informal Economy, Innovation and Intellectual Property: Concepts, Metrics and Policy Considerations
Economic Research Working Paper No. 10
The authors connect concepts, definitions and data regarding the informal economy, innovation, and intellectual property in order to establish a framework for further qualitative and quantitative research and the improvement of public policies in respect of these issues.
The Economics of Copyright and the Internet: Moving to an Empirical Assessment Relevant in the Digital Era
Economic Research Working Paper No. 9
Technology and the Internet have triggered important changes to how creative works are created and accessed, and how creators and copyright-based industries generate their revenues. The authors reassess the economics of copyright in the light of these changes. After providing an introduction to the economics of copyright, they analyze the changes to the baseline copyright model triggered by the new technological landscape. Then, they assess the empirical economic work on copyright so far, and suggest future avenues of research and related data needs.
Measuring the International Mobility of Inventors: A New Database
Economic Research Working Paper No.8
This paper has two objectives. First, it describes a new database mapping migratory patterns of inventors, extracted from information included in patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. It explains in detail the information contained in the database and discusses the usefulness and reliability of the underlying data. Second, the paper provides a descriptive overview of inventor migration patterns, based on the information contained in the newly constructed database.
How Does Geographical Mobility of Inventors Influence Network Formation?
Economic Research Working Paper No. 7
The goal of this paper is to assess the influence of spatial mobility of knowledge workers on the formation of ties of scientific and industrial collaboration across European regions. Co-location has been traditionally invoked to ease formal collaboration between individuals and firms, since tie formation costs increase with physical distance between partners. In some instances, highly-skilled actors might become mobile and bridge regional networks across separate locations. This paper estimates a fixed effects logit model to ascertain precisely whether there exists a ‘previous co-location premium' in the formation of networks across European regions.
What Makes Companies Pursue an Open Science Strategy?
Economic Research Working Paper No. 6
This paper explores the motivations of firms that disclose research outcomes in a scientific format. Besides considering an internal firm dimension, the authors focus particularly on knowledge sourcing from academic institutions and the appropriability regime using a cost-benefit framework. The analysis provides evidence that the access to important scientific knowledge imposes the adoption of academic disclosure principles, whereas the mere existence of collaborative links with academic institutions is not a strong predictor. Furthermore, the results suggest that overall industry conditions are influential in shaping the cost-benefit rationale of firms with respect to scientific disclosure.
Getting Patents and Economic Data to Speak to Each Other: An “Algorithmic Links with Probabilities” Approach for Joint Analyses of Patenting and Economic Activity
Economic Research Working Paper No. 5
In this paper, the authors describe and explore a new algorithmic approach to constructing concordances between the International Patent Classification (IPC) system and industry classification systems that organize economic data. This ‘Algorithmic Links with Probabilities' (ALP) approach incorporates text analysis software and keyword extraction programs and applies them to a comprehensive patent dataset. The authors conclude with a discussion on some of the possible applications of the concordance and provide a sample analysis that uses their preferred ALP concordance to analyze international patent flows based on trade patterns.
Publication year: 2012
The State of Patenting at Research Institutions in Developing Countries: Policy Approaches and Practices
Economic Research Working Paper No. 4
This study discusses the opportunities and challenges offered by patents to foster technology transfer from government funded research institutions in developing countries. It presents a review of policy frameworks and recent policy changes aimed to foster academic patenting and technology transfer in low- and middle-income countries. It then analyzes patenting activities by universities and public research organizations and compares these trends with respect to high-income countries. This analysis is complemented with an assessment of the current state of patenting and technology commercialization practices in a selected group of technology transfer offices.
Disembodied Knowledge Flows in the World Economy
Economic Research Working Paper No. 3
The authors outline the main trends in the growth of disembodied technology trade vis-a-vis international licensing and the trade in research and development and technical services. They show that there is considerable heterogeneity across countries in the form of technology trade that countries specialize in and also suggest these are related to underlying appropriability conditions and intellectual property rights regimes.
Basic, Applied and Experimental Knowledge and Productivity: Further Evidence
Economic Research Working Paper No. 2
Analyzing a novel dataset, the authors find significantly positive effects of basic, and applied and experimental knowledge stocks on domestic output and productivity for a panel of 10 OECD countries. This updates the work of, among others, Mansfield (1980), Griliches (1986) and Adams (1990), at an international setting.
How Robust is the R&D - Productivity Relationship? Evidence from OECD Countries
Economic Research Working Paper No. 1
The authors examine the robustness of research and development (R&D) and productivity relationship in a panel of 16 OECD countries. They control for fifteen productivity determinants predicted by different theoretical models. R&D and human capital emerge robust in all specifications making them universal drivers of productivity across nations. Most other determinants are also significant. Productivity relationships are heterogonous across countries depending on their accumulated stocks of knowledge and human capital.
The Intersection of Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation Policy Making - A Literature Review
This report (literature review) provides an overview of academic writing on the role IP has played in innovation policy-making over the last two decades.
Integrating Intellectual Property into Innovation Policy Formulation in Rwanda
Integrating Intellectual Property into Innovation Policy Formulation in Serbia
Promoting Medical Innovation and Access, Together
When policy meets evidence: What's next in the discussion on intellectual property, technology transfer & the environment?
WIPO Magazine, Issue 5/2015 (October)
Report of the Director General to the 2015 WIPO Assemblies
WIPO Magazine, Issue 4/2015 (August)
Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement on Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications
The Geneva Act allows the international registration of geographical indications (GIs), in addition to appellations of origin, and permits the accession to the Lisbon Agreement by certain intergovernmental organizations.
World Intellectual Property Report 2015 - Breakthrough Innovation and Economic Growth
WIPO's latest World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR) explores the role of IP at the nexus of innovation and economic growth, focusing on the impact of breakthrough innovations.
WIPO Magazine, Issue 4/2014 (August)
WIPO Magazine, Issue 3/2014 (June)
WIPO Magazine, Issue 2/2014 (April)
2014 Edition
The publication provides an international overview of the functioning of the various models of text and image levies which are currently in operation across the world. The survey demonstrates that the practice of operating levies is a commonly used way to provide authors and publishers with remuneration for certain uses of their copyright works.
IP Successes in the ASEAN Region
This publication is the result of a WIPO study on the effective use of intellectual property in ASEAN countries. The project was implemented by the WIPO Japan Office (WJO), with funding provided from the Japan Patent Office under the auspices of the Japan Funds-In-Trust.
Madrid Yearly Review 2013
International Registration of Marks
Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs
The present publication contains the text of the London 1934 Act of the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, as well as the text of the Common Regulations under the 1999 Act, the 1960 Act and the 1934 Act of the Hague Agreement, in the version that came into force on January 1, 2009 and that remains applicable solely to recordings made under the London Act.
Publication year: 2010
WIPO Magazine, Issue 4/2013 (August)
Agreement Between UN and WIPO
WIPO is an intergovernmental organization that in 1974 became one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations system of organizations.
Publication year: 1975
WIPO Magazine, Issue 3/2013 (June)
Global Innovation Index 2013
The Local Dynamics of Innovation
The Global Innovation Index ranks the innovation performance of 142 countries and economies around the world, based on 84 indicators. This edition explores the impact of innovation-oriented policies on economic growth and development. High-income and developing countries alike are seeking innovation-driven growth through different strategies. Some countries are successfully improving their innovation capacity, while others still struggle.
WIPO Review of Contractual Considerations in the Audiovisual Sector
This review is a condensed, yet comprehensive, panorama of all the key aspects of performers' contracts in the audiovisual industry and the various ways in which these may serve the interests of both performers and producers.
Copyright and Related Rights Cases in the Field of Music in the Asia-Pacific Region
With the development of digital technology, the laws and legal disputes of copyright and related rights have known a dynamism reflecting this evolution. This publication is an informative collection of legal decisions made by the courts of countries in the Asia and the Pacific region. It provides summaries of a number of salient cases in the field of music, and offers some very interesting insights into the different ways in which copyright and related rights are being handled in various jurisdictions. It aims to be a useful reference for the many professionals who are seeking to navigate the music industry's increasingly complex legal and commercial landscape. This case book was prepared with the assistance of the Funds-in-Trust of the Republic of Korea.
Copyright Collective Management in Music
Presented in the form of a theoretical and practical guide, this posthumous publication by the late Dr. Ulrich Uchtenhagen concerns the stages in the setting-up of a collective management society in the field of music and the society's operation. The work describes the essential activities and mechanisms as well as the fundamental principles required for sound collective management. It provides clear explanations of the complex notions of a system which is essential for authors, composers and music publishers throughout the world who seek protection and wish to be rewarded for their work.
Alternatives in Patent Search and Examination
Policy Guide
One of the important tasks of a patent office is to decide whether a patent shall be granted, or an application shall be refused, based on the procedures and patentability requirements under the applicable national law. Making such decisions accurately, effectively and efficiently is a complex mission, since many patent offices receive a constantly growing volume of patent applications of increasing complexity.
Hague Yearly Review - International Registrations of Industrial Designs - 2015
Comprehensive facts, figures and analysis of the international registration of industrial designs.
Madrid Yearly Review 2015
The Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks (STLT) - Questions and Answers
Incentivizing the Adoption of Green Technology on a Global Scale
Guide to the International Registration of Industrial Designs under the Hague Agreement
This Guide is primarily intended for applicants and holders of international registrations of industrial designs, as well as officials of the competent administrations of the Member States of the Hague Union. It leads them through the various steps of the international registration procedure and explains the essential provisions of the Hague Agreement.
Publication year: 2021
Re:Search Partnership Stories
Accelerating R&D for Neglected Diseases through Global Collaborations
The consortium's objective is to establish partnerships that facilitate sharing of IP assets to advance the discovery and development of new drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics for NTDs, malaria, and tuberculosis.
Tackling Sub-optimal Use of Electricity by Air Conditioning Units
WIPO Green Case Study 3
Researchers at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering have devised a system to improve the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems in non-residential buildings
The Changing Landscape of Medical Innovation: How Have Business Models Responded?
Intellectual Property & the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies
Renewable Energy Technology: Evolution and Policy Implications - Evidence from Patent Literature