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WIPO Guidelines for Esports Players
These guidelines address the growing number of professional esports players worldwide who face IP challenges. As players compete individually or in teams, they must balance optimizing their own IP rights management while avoiding infringement of rights held by tournament organizers, video game publishers, and other industry stakeholders. The publication identifies key IP issues that esports players encounter and provides practical, step-by-step guidance for implementing straightforward steps to optimize IP management.
Año de publicación: 2026
Guidelines for Esports Tournament Organizers
Video Games are protected through a combination of different IP rights. With esports activities the growing, professional players, event organizers, sponsors and fans are engaged in an activity that relies on the use of IP rights from video game publishers. These guidelines will help tournament organizes to understand the IP rights related to the uses of video games in esports and provide a step-by-step guide on how to obtain all the necessary rights in order to undertake the tournament and to develop business models in this sector.
Intellectual Property and Esports: An overview of the game
Intellectual Property and Esports examines the intersection of IP and gaming. As competitive gaming attracts fan engagement and produces international superstar players, questions arise about how this emerging sport relates to existing IP frameworks and business models. This publication identifies key stakeholders in esports and explains the building blocks of the industry.
Common Knowledge? Gender Differences in IP Rights Awareness
Economic Research Working Paper No. 100
This paper examines gender disparities in intellectual property (IP) awareness and participation, using the 2023 and 2025 waves of the WIPO Pulse Survey conducted among 58,135 individuals across seventy-four countries. Our findings reveal that copyrights are the most recognized IP forms globally, while patents, trademarks and geographical indications remain the least familiar. At the individual level, women demonstrate lower knowledge of patents and trademarks, but greater knowledge of designs and copyrights compared to men, with these differences persisting after controlling for socioeconomic factors. These patterns are consistent with gendered specialization in education, professional and household spheres where women tend to cluster in creative industries while men dominate entrepreneurship and technical sectors. Notably, we observe a cohort effect: while we identify significant differences in knowledge between men and women for older cohorts, these disappear among younger cohorts. We do not observe comparable changes by level of education or occupation of respondents. Moreover, women exhibit more positive attitudes towards IP-protected products across categories. These findings highlight the need for targeted awareness campaigns and reveal that gendered patterns of IP knowledge may contribute to innovation gender gaps through educational pathways and professional specialization.
Development and Pitching of Audiovisual Projects: A guide for independent filmmakers
Development and Pitching of Audiovisual Projects: A guide for independent filmmakers looks at the most important elements to take into consideration when developing and pitching audiovisual projects to secure financing and distribution. It outlines the journey from initial idea to structured project, emphasizing three key elements: artistic, financial, and legal considerations.
Rights Clearance: A guide for independent filmmakers
Rights Clearance: A guide for independent filmmakers will help filmmakers to understand and incorporate rights clearance in their concepts, development planning and productions with special attention to IP rights. With practical steps, the process of rights clearance can start as early as possible to avoid pitfalls and complex licensing issues during the later stages of the production.
Guide to the Copyright and Related Rights Treaties Administered by WIPO
Second edition
This new edition of the Guide to the Copyright and Related Rights Treaties Administered by WIPO is the most authoritative publication on WIPO's copyright treaties. The publication presents an updated legal commentary on all eight WIPO copyright and related rights treaties, adding the two newest (Beijing Treaty and Marrakesh Treaty). It includes background information as well as article by article explanation on, and interpretation of, each instrument, particularly in relation to new technological developments. The publication provides key information and guidelines to a large audience, for example, policy makers, government officials, legal practitioners, judges, scholars, academics and students.
Measuring IP Finance and Investment in the Music Industry
Economic Research Working Paper No. 99
This quantitative study examines how music IP rights are transforming into a global financial asset class, which is having an impact on artists and music ecosystems worldwide. New investors and digital platforms are changing the way creative works and rights are valued and monetised across diverse cultural contexts. By providing empirical evidence of these dynamics and identifying key stakeholders via the data, the study can help inform policymakers and potential changes to IP and other legal frameworks. The research draws on new data sources and original analyses of the latest trends in news media coverage and investment in music rights technology, as well as daily return data from rights trading platforms and information from official IP data sources.
IP Finance in the Music Industry
Economic Research Working Paper No. 98
This qualitative study looks at the transformation of music IP rights into a global financial asset class, which affects artists and music ecosystems worldwide, from K-pop markets in South Korea to legacy rock catalogues in the United States, regardless of genre. New investors and digital platforms have emerged and reshape how creative works and rights are valued and monetized across diverse cultural contexts. It seems crucial for policymakers to understand market opportunities and potential risk as well as identify key stakeholders in order to ensure that IP frameworks provide a sustainable economic foundation for the next generation of creative talent. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with industry experts and artists, case studies, and extensive desk research, this study explores the policy implications and economics of music rights trading and investment.
Digital transformations in developing economies: From the first-mile infrastructure to the end-user finger tips
Economic Research Working Paper No. 96
This paper reviews the concepts, mechanisms, and empirical evidence on the diffusion of digital technologies (DTs) in developing economies, focusing on the distinct infrastructural layers of connectivity—from first-mile submarine cables to last-mile mobile and broadband networks. It examines how infrastructure gaps, usage disparities, and technological divides shape digitalization pathways and their socio-economic impacts, with a particular emphasis on lower-income regions like Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis highlights how submarine cables reduce connectivity costs and expand Internet access, yet also reveals uneven benefits due to limited absorptive capacity and new digital vulnerabilities. By synthesizing evidence on rural mobile coverage, urban Internet spillovers, and trade integration, the paper emphasizes the need for coordinated policies to bridge digital divides and foster inclusive digital transformation.