The Basic Law of the Macao SAR 2004-09-03
THE BASIC LAW OF THE MACAO SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted by the Eighth National People's Congress at its First Session on 31 March 1993)
(Unofficial Translation, For Reference Only)
Decree of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 3
I hereby promulgate the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People' s Republic of China, including Annex I, Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Annex II, Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Annex III, National Laws to Be Applied in the Macao Special Administrative Region, and designs of the regional flag and regional emblem of the Macao Special Administrative Region, which was adopted at the First Session of the Eighth National People' s Congress of the People ' s Republic of China on 31 March 1993 and shall be put into effect as of 20 December 1999.
Jiang Zemin President of the People's Republic of China
31 March 1993
Index -- Preamble
-- Chapter I General Principles
-- Chapter II Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Macao Special Administrative Region
-- Chapter III Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Residents
-- Chapter IV Political Structure
-- Section 1 The Chief Executive
-- Section 2 The Executive Authorities
-- Section 3 The Legislature
-- Section 4 The Judiciary
-- Section 5 Municipal Organs
-- Section 6 Public Servants
-- Section 7 Swearing Allegiance
-- Chapter V Economy
-- Chapter VI Culture and Social Affairs
-- Chapter VII External Affairs
-- Chapter VIII Interpretation and Amendment of the Basic Law
-- Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions
-- Annex I Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region
-- Annex II Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region
-- Annex III National Laws to Be Applied in the Macao Special Administrative Region
-- Decision of the National People's Congress on the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
-- Decision of the National People's Congress on the Establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
-- Decision of the National People's Congress on the Method for the Formation of the First Government, the First Legislative Council and the First Judiciary of the Macao Special Administrative Region
-- Decision of the National People's Congress on Approving the Proposal by the Drafting Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region on the Establishment of the Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region under the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
-- Appendix Proposal by the Drafting Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region on the Establishment of the Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region under the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress
-- The design of the regional flag of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
-- The design of the regional emblem of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
Preamble
Macao, including the Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island, has been part of the territory of China since ancient times; it was gradually occupied by Portugal after the mid 16th century. On 13 April 1987, the Chinese and Portuguese Governments signed the Joint Declaration on the Question of Macao, affirming that the Government of the People' s Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao with effect from 20 December 1999, thus fulfilling the long cherished common aspiration of the Chinese people for the recovery of Macao. Upholding national unity and territorial integrity, contributing to social stability and economic development, and taking account of its history and realities, the People' s Republic of China has decided that upon China's resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Macao, a Macao Special Administrative Region will be established in accordance with the provisions of Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, and that under the principle of " one country, two systems", the socialist system and policies will not be practised in Macao. The basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Macao have been elaborated by the Chinese Government in the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration. In accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the National People's Congress hereby enacts the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, prescribing the systems to be practised in the Macao Special Administrative Region, in order to ensure the implementation of the basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Macao.
Chapter I General Principles
Article 1 The Macao Special Administrative Region is an inalienable part of the People's Republic of China.
Article 2 The National People' s Congress authorizes the Macao Special Administrative Region to exercise a high degree of autonomy and enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 3 The executive authorities and legislature of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be composed of permanent residents of Macao in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.
Article 4 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall safeguard the rights and freedoms of the residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region and of other persons in the Region in accordance with law.
Article 5 The socialist system and policies shall not be practised in the Macao Special Administrative Region, and the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years.
Article 6 The right of private ownership of property shall be protected by law in the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 7 The land and natural resources within the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be State property, except for the private land recognised as such according to the laws in force before the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for their management, use and development and for their lease or grant to individuals or legal persons for use or development. The revenues derived there from shall be exclusively at the disposal of the government of the Region.
Article 8 The laws, decrees, administrative regulations and other normative acts previously in force in Macao shall be maintained, except for any that contravenes this Law, or subject to any amendment by the legislature or other relevant organs of the Macao Special Administrative Region in accordance with legal procedures.
Article 9 In addition to the Chinese language, Portuguese may also be used as an official language by the executive authorities, legislature and judiciary of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 10 Apart from displaying the national flag and national emblem of the People's Republic of China, the Macao Special Administrative Region may also use a regional flag and regional emblem. The regional flag of the Macao Special Administrative Region is a green flag with five stars, lotus flower, bridge and sea water. The regional emblem of the Macao Special Administrative Region is composed of five stars, lotus flower, bridge and sea water encircled by the words "Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" in Chinese and "MACAO" in Portuguese.
Article 11 In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the systems and policies practiced in the Macao Special Administrative Region, including the social and economic systems, the system for safeguarding the fundamental rights and freedoms of its residents, the executive, legislative and judicial systems, and the relevant policies, shall be based on the provisions of this Law. No law, decree, administrative regulations and normative acts of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall contravene this Law.
Chapter II Relationship between the Central Authorities and the Macao Special Administrative Region
Article 12 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall be a local administrative region of the People's Republic of China, which shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy and come directly under the Central People's Government.
Article 13 The Central People's Government shall be responsible for the foreign affairs relating to the Macao Special Administrative Region. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China shall establish an office in Macao to deal with foreign affairs. The Central People's Government authorizes the Macao Special Administrative Region to conduct relevant external affairs, on its own, in accordance with this Law.
Article 14 The Central People's Government shall be responsible for the defence of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for the maintenance of public order in the Region.
Article 15 The Central People's Government shall appoint or remove the Chief Executive, the principal officials of the government and the Procurator General of the Macao Special Administrative Region in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.
Article 16 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall be vested with executive power. It shall, on its own, conduct the administrative affairs of the Region in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.
Article 17 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall be vested with legislative power. Laws enacted by the legislature of the Macao Special Administrative Region must be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. The reporting for record shall not affect the entry into force of such laws. If the Standing committee of the National People ' s Congress, after consulting the Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region under it, considers that any law enacted by the legislature of the Region is not in conformity with the provisions of this Law regarding affairs within the responsibility of the Central Authorities or regarding the relationship between the Central Authorities and the Region, the Standing Committee may return the law in question but shall not amend it. Any law returned by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall immediately be invalidated. This invalidation shall not have retroactive effect, unless otherwise provided for in the laws of the Region.
Article 18 The laws in force in the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be this Law, the laws previously in force in Macao as provided for in Article 8 of this Law, and the laws enacted by the legislature of the Region. National laws shall not be applied in the Macao Special Administrative Region except for those listed in Annex III to this Law. The laws listed therein shall be applied locally by way of promulgation or legislation by the Region. The Standing Committee of the National People ' s Congress may add to or
delete from the list of laws in Annex III after consulting its Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region and the government of the Region. Laws listed in Annex III to this Law shall be confined to those relating to defence and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the limits of the autonomy of the Region as specified by this Law. In the event that the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress decides to declare a state of war or, by reason of turmoil within the Macao Special Administrative Region which endangers national unity or security and is beyond the control of the government of the Region, decides that the Region is in a state of emergency, the Central People ' s Government may issue an order applying the relevant national laws in the Region.
Article 19 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall be vested with independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall have jurisdiction over all cases in the Region, except that the restrictions on their jurisdiction imposed by the legal system and principles previously in force in Macao shall be maintained. The courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall have no jurisdiction over acts of state such as defence and foreign affairs. The courts of the Region shall obtain a certificate from the Chief Executive on questions of fact concerning acts of state such as defence and foreign affairs whenever such questions arise in the adjudication of cases. This certificate shall be binding on the courts. Before issuing such a certificate, the Chief Executive shall obtain a certifying document from the Central People's Government.
Article 20 The Macao Special Administrative Region may enjoy other powers granted to it by the National People's Congress, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or the Central People's Government.
Article 21 Chinese citizens who are residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be entitled to participate in the management of state affairs according to law. In accordance with the assigned number of seats and the selection method specified by the National People's Congress, the Chinese citizens among the residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall locally elect deputies of the Region to the National People's Congress to participate in the work of the highest organ of state power.
Article 22 No department of the Central People's Government and no province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government may interfere in the affairs which the Macao Special Administrative Region administers, on its own, in accordance with this Law. If there is a need for departments of the Central Government, or for provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government to set up offices in the Macao Special Administrative Region, they must obtain the consent of the government of the Region and the approval of the Central People's Government. All offices set up in the Macao Special Administrative Region by departments of the Central Government, or by provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the personnel of these offices shall abide by the laws of the Region. For entry into the Macao Special Administrative Region, people from other provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly
under the Central Government must apply for approval. Among them, the number of persons who enter the Region for the purpose of settlement shall be determined by the competent authorities of the Central People's Government after consulting the government of the Region . The Macao Special Administrative Region may establish an office in Beijing.
Article 23 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall enact laws, on its own, to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies.
Chapter III Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Residents
Article 24 Residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region ("Macao residents") shall include permanent residents and non-permanent residents. The permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be:
(1) Chinese citizens born in Macao before or after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region and their children of Chinese nationality born outside Macao;
(2) Chinese citizens who have ordinarily resided in Macao for a continuous period of not less than seven years before or after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region and their children of Chinese nationality born outside Macao after they have become permanent residents;
(3) The Portuguese who were born in Macao and have taken Macao as their place of permanent residence before or after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region;
(4) The Portuguese who have ordinarily resided in Macao for a continuous period of not less than seven years and have taken Macao as their place of permanent residence before or after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region;
(5) Other persons who have ordinarily resided in Macao for a continuous period of not less than seven years and have taken Macao as their place of permanent residence before or after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region;
(6) Persons under 18 years of age born in Macao of those residents listed in category (5) before or after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The above mentioned residents shall have the right of abode in the Macao Special Administrative Region and shall be qualified to obtain permanent identity cards. The non-permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be persons who are qualified to obtain Macao identity cards in accordance with the laws of the Region but have no right of abode.
Article 25 All Macao residents shall be equal before the law, and shall be free from discrimination, irrespective of their nationality descent, race, sex, language, religion, political persuasion or ideological belief, educational level, economic status or social conditions.
Article 26 Permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall have the right to vote and the right to stand for election in accordance with law.
Article 27 Macao residents shall have freedom of speech, of the press and of publication; freedom of association, of assembly, of procession and of demonstration; and the right and freedom to form and join trade unions, and to strike.
Article 28 The freedom of the person of Macao residents shall be inviolable. No Macao resident shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful arrest, detention or imprisonment. In case of arbitrary or unlawful detention or imprisonment, Macao residents have the right to apply to the court for the issuance of a writ of habeas corpus. Unlawful search of the body of any resident or deprivation or restriction of the freedom of the person shall be prohibited. Torture or inhuman treatment of any resident shall be prohibited.
Article 29 Macao residents shall not be punished by law, unless their acts constitute a crime and they shall be punished for it as expressly prescribed by law at the time. When charged with criminal offences, Macao residents shall enjoy the right to an early court trial and shall be presumed innocent before convicted.
Article 30 The human dignity of Macao residents shall be inviolable. Humiliation, slander and false accusation against residents in any form shall be prohibited. Macao residents shall enjoy the right to personal reputation and the privacy of their private and family life.
Article 31 The homes and other premises of Macao residents shall be inviolable. Arbitrary or unlawful search of, or intrusion into, a resident's home or other premises shall be prohibited.
Article 32 The freedom and privacy of communication of Macao residents shall be protected by law. No department or individual may, on any grounds, infringe upon the freedom and privacy of communication of residents except that the relevant authorities may inspect communication in accordance with the provisions of the law to meet the needs of public security or of investigation into criminal offences.
Article 33 Macao residents shall have freedom of movement within the Macao Special Administrative Region and freedom of emigration to other countries and regions. They shall have freedom to travel and to enter or leave the Region and shall have the right to obtain travel documents in accordance with law. Unless restrained by law, holders of valid travel documents shall be free to leave the Region without special authorization.
Article 34 Macao residents shall have freedom of conscience. Macao residents shall have freedom of religious belief and freedom to preach and to conduct and participate in religious activities in public.
Article 35 Macao residents shall have freedom of choice of occupation and work.
Article 36 Macao residents shall have the right to resort to law and to have access to the courts, to lawyers' help for protection of their lawful rights and interests, and to judicial remedies. Macao residents shall have the right to institute legal proceedings in the courts against the acts of the executive authorities and their personnel.
Article 37 Macao residents shall have freedom to engage in education, academic research, literary and artistic creation, and other cultural activities.
Article 38 The freedom of marriage of Macao residents and their right to form and raise a family freely shall be protected by law. The legitimate rights and interests of women shall be protected by the Macao Special Administrative Region. The minors, the aged and the disabled shall be taken care of and protected by the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 39 Macao residents shall have the right to social welfare in accordance with law. The welfare benefits and retirement security of the labour force shall be protected by law.
Article 40 The provisions of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and international labour conventions as applied to Macao shall remain in force and shall be implemented through the laws of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The rights and freedoms enjoyed by Macao residents shall not be restricted unless as prescribed by law. Such restrictions shall not contravene the provisions of the first paragraph of this Article.
Article 41 Macao residents shall enjoy the other rights and freedoms safeguarded by the laws of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 42 The interests of the residents of Portuguese descent in Macao shall be protected by the Macao Special Administrative Region in accordance with law, and their customs and cultural traditions shall be respected.
Article 43 Persons in the Macao Special Administrative Region other than Macao residents shall, in accordance with law, enjoy the rights and freedoms of Macao residents prescribed in this Chapter.
Article 44 Macao residents and other persons in Macao shall have the obligation to abide by the laws in force in the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Chapter IV Political Structure Section 1 The Chief Executive
Article 45 The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be the head of the Macao Special Administrative Region and shall represent the Region. The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be accountable to the Central People's Government and the Macao Special Administrative Region in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 46 The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be a Chinese citizen of not less than 40 years of age who is a permanent resident of the Region and has ordinarily resided in Macao for a continuous period of not less than 20 years.
Article 47 The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be selected by election or through consultations held locally and be appointed by the Central People's Government. The specific method for selecting the Chief Executive is prescribed in Annex I: "Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region".
Article 48 The term of office of the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be five years. He or she may serve for not more than two consecutive terms.
Article 49 The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, during his or her term of office, shall have no right of abode in any foreign country and shall not engage in any activities for his or her personal gains. The Chief Executive, on assuming office, shall declare his or her assets to the President of the Court of Final Appeal of the Macao Special Administrative Region. This declaration shall be put on record.
Article 50 The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions:
(1) To lead the government of the Region;
(2) To be responsible for the implementation of this Law and other laws which, in accordance with this Law, apply in the Macao Special Administrative Region;
(3) To sign bills passed by the Legislative Council and to promulgate laws; To sign budgets passed by the Legislative Council and report the budgets and final accounts to the Central People's Government for the record;
(4) To decide on government policies and to issue executive orders;
(5) To formulate the administrative regulations and promulgate them for implementation;
(6) To nominate and to report to the Central People's Government for appointment the following principal officials: Secretaries of Departments, Commissioner against Corruptions, Director of Audit, the leading members of the Police and the customs and excise; and to recommend to the Central People's Government the removal of the above mentioned officials;
(7) To appoint part of the members of the Legislative Council;
(8) To appoint or remove members of the Executive Council;
(9) To appoint or remove presidents and judges of the courts at all levels and procurators in accordance with legal procedures;
(10) To nominate and report to the Central People's Government for appointment of the Procurator-General and recommend to the Central People's Government the removal of the Procurator-General in accordance with legal procedures;
(11) To appoint or remove holders of public office in accordance with legal procedures;
(12) To implement the directives issued by the Central People's Government in respect of the relevant matters provided for in this Law;
(13) To conduct, on behalf of the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region, external affairs and Other affairs as authorized by the Central Authorities;
(14) To approve the introduction of motions regarding revenues or expenditure to the Legislative Council;
(15) To decide, in the light of security and vital interests, whether government officials or other personnel in charge of government affairs should testify or give evidence before the Legislative Council or its committees;
(16) To confer medals and titles of honor of the Macao Special Administrative Region in accordance with law;
(17) To pardon persons convicted of criminal offences or commute their penalties in accordance with law; and
(18) To handle petitions and complaints.
Article 51 If the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region considers that a bill passed by the Legislative Council is not compatible with the overall interests of the Region, he or she may give his or her reasons in writing and return it to the Legislative Council within 90 days for reconsideration. If the Legislative Council passes the original bill again by not less than a two-thirds majority of all the members, the Chief Executive must sign and promulgate it within 30 days or act in accordance with the provisions of Article 52 of this Law.
Article 52 The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region may dissolve the Legislative Council under any of the following circumstances:
(1) The Chief Executive refuses to sign a bill passed the second time by the Legislative Council; and
(2) The Legislative Council refuses to pass a budget introduced by the government or any other bills which he or she considers concern the overall interests of the Region, and after consultations, consensus still cannot be reached. Before dissolving the Legislative Council, the Chief Executive must consult the Executive Council and he or she shall explain the reason for it to the public. The Chief Executive may dissolve the Legislative Council only once in each term of his or her office.
Article 53 If the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region fails to pass the budget introduced by the government, the Chief Executive may approve provisional short term appropriations according to the level of expenditure of the previous fiscal year.
Article 54 The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region must resign under any of the following circumstances:
(1) When he or she loses the ability to discharge his or her duties as a result of serious illness or other reasons;
(2) When, after the Legislative Council is dissolved because he or she twice refuses to sign a bill passed by it, the new Legislative Council again passes by a two-thirds majority of all the members the original bill in dispute, but he or she still refuses to sign it within 30 days; and
(3) When, after the Legislative Council is dissolved because it refuses to pass a budget or any other bill concerning the overall interests of the Macao Special Administrative Region, the newly elected Legislative Council still refuses to pass the original bill in dispute.
Article 55 If the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region is not able to discharge his or her duties for a short period, such duties shall temporarily be assumed by the secretaries of the departments in the order of precedence, which shall be stipulated by law. In the event that the office of Chief Executive becomes vacant, a new Chief Executive shall be selected within 120 days in accordance with the provisions of Article 47 of this Law. During the period of vacancy, his or her duties shall be assumed according to the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article and the choice of the acting Chief Executive shall be reported to the Central People's Government for approval. The acting Chief Executive shall abide by the provisions of Article 49 of this Law.
Article 56 The Executive Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be an organ for assisting the Chief Executive in policy making.
Article 57 Members of the Executive Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be appointed by the Chief Executive from among the principal officials of
the executive authorities, members of the Legislative Council and public figures. Their appointment or removal shall be decided by the Chief Executive. The term of office of members of the Executive Council shall not extend beyond the expiry of the term of office of the Chief Executive who appoints them. Members of the original Executive Council shall remain in office until the new Chief Executive is selected. Members of the Executive Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region. The Executive Council shall be composed of seven to eleven persons. The Chief Executive may, as he or she deems necessary, invite other persons concerned to sit in on meetings of the Council.
Article 58 The Executive Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be presided over by the Chief Executive. The meeting of the Executive Council shall be held at least once each month. Except for the appointment, removal and disciplining of officials and the adoption of measures in emergencies, the Chief Executive shall consult the Executive Council before making important policy decisions, introducing bills to the Legislative Council, formulating administrative regulations, or dissolving the Legislative Council. If the Chief Executive does not accept a majority opinion of the Executive Council, he or she shall put the specific reasons on record.
Article 59 A Commission against Corruption shall be established in the Macao Special Administrative Region. It shall function independently and its Commissioner shall be accountable to the Chief Executive.
Article 60 A Commission of Audit shall be established in the Macao Special Administrative Region. It shall function independently and its Director shall be accountable to the Chief Executive.
Section 2 The Executive Authorities
Article 61 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be the executive authorities of the Region.
Article 62 The head of the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be the Chief Executive of the Region. General secretariats, directorates of services, departments and divisions shall be established in the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 63 The principal officials of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region and have ordinarily resided in Macao for a continuous period of not less than 15 years. The principal officials of the Macao Special Administrative Region, at the time of assuming office, shall declare their property to the President of the Court of Final Appeal of the Macao Special Administrative Region for the record.
Article 64 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions:
(1) To formulate and implement policies;
(2) To conduct administrative affairs;
(3)To conduct external affairs as authorized by the Central People's Government under this Law;
(4) To draw up and introduce budgets and final accounts;
( 5 ) To introduce bills and motions and to draft administrative regulations; and
(6) To designate officials to sit in on the meetings of the Legislative Council to hear opinions or speak on behalf of the government.
Article 65 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region must abide by the law and be accountable to the Legislative Council of the Region: it shall implement laws passed by the Council and already in force; it shall present regular policy addresses to the Council; and it shall answer questions raised by members of the Council.
Article 66 The Executive authorities of the Macao Special Administrative Region may, when necessary, establish advisory bodies.
Section 3 The Legislature
Article 67 The Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be the legislature of the Region.
Article 68 The Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be composed of permanent residents of the Region. The majority of its members shall be elected. The method for forming the Legislative Council is prescribed in Annex II: Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region. Members of the Legislative Council, upon assuming office, shall declare their financial situation in accordance with legal procedures.
Article 69 The term of office of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be four years, except for the first term which shall be stipulated otherwise.
Article 70 If the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region is dissolved by the Chief Executive in accordance with the provisions of this Law, it must, within 90 days, be reconstituted in accordance with Article 68 of this Law.
Article 71 The Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions:
(1) To enact, amend, suspend or repeal laws in accordance with the provisions of this Law and legal procedures;
(2) To examine and approve budgets introduced by the government; and examine the report on audit introduced by the government;
(3) To decide on taxation according to government motions and approve debts to be undertaken by the government;
(4)To receive and debate the policy addresses of the Chief Executive;
(5) To debate any issue concerning public interests;
(6) To receive and handle complaints from Macao residents;
(7) If a motion initiated jointly by one-third of all the members of the Legislative Council charges the Chief Executive with serious breach of law or dereliction of duty and if he or she refuses to resign, the Council may, by a resolution give a mandate to the President of the Court of Final Appeal to form an independent investigation committee to carry out investigation. If the committee considers the evidence sufficient to substantiate such charges, the Council may pass a motion of impeachment by a two-thirds majority of all its members and report it to the Central People's Government for decision; and
(8) To summon, as required when exercising the above mentioned powers and functions, persons concerned to testify or give evidence.
Article 72 The Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall have a President and a Vice President who shall be elected by and from among the members of the Legislative Council. The President and Vice President of the Legislative Council shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region and have ordinarily resided in Macao for a continuous period of not less than 15 years.
Article 73 In case of absence of the President of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region, the Vice President shall act as President. In the event that the office of President or of Vice President of the Legislative Council becomes vacant, new President or Vice President shall be elected.
Article 74 The President of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions:
(1) To preside over meetings;
(2) To decide on the agenda, giving priority to government bills for inclusion in the agenda upon the request of the Chief Executive;
(3) To decide on the dates of meetings;
(4) To call special sessions during the recess;
(5) To call emergency sessions on his or her own or upon the request of the Chief Executive; and
(6) To exercise other powers and functions as prescribed in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Council.
Article 75 Members of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region may introduce bills in accordance with the provisions of this Law and legal procedures. Bills which do not relate to public expenditure or political structure or the operation of the government may be introduced individually or jointly by members of the Council. The written consent of the Chief Executive shall be required before bills relating to government policies are introduced.
Article 76 Members of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall have the right to raise questions about the government work in accordance with legal procedures.
Article 77 The quorum for the meeting of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be not less than one half of all its members. Except otherwise prescribed by this Law, bills and motions shall be passed by more than half of all the members of the Council. The rules of procedure of the Legislative Council shall be made by the Council, on its own, provided that they do not contravene this Law.
Article 78 A bill passed by the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region may take effect only after it is signed and promulgated by the Chief Executive.
Article 79 Members of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be immune from legal action in respect of their statements and voting at meetings of the Council.
Article 80 Members of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region, excluding active criminals, shall not be subjected to arrest without the permission of the Council.
Article 81 The President of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall declare, according to the decision of the Council, that a member of the Council is no longer qualified for the office under any of the following circumstances:
(1) When he or she loses the ability to discharge his or her duties as a result of serious illness or other reasons;
(2) When he or she assumes posts which he or she is not permitted by law to hold concurrently;
(3) When he or she, with no valid reason, is absent from meetings for five consecutive times or for 15 times intermittently without the consent of the President of the Legislative Council;
(4) When he or she breaches his or her oath; and
(5) When he or she is convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for more than 30 days for a criminal offence committed within or outside the Region.
Section 4 The Judiciary
Article 82 The courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise the judicial power.
Article 83 The courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise judicial power independently. They shall be subordinated to nothing but law and shall not be subject to any interference.
Article 84 The primary courts, intermediate courts and Court of Final Appeal shall be established in the Macao Special Administrative Region. The power of final adjudication of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be vested in the Court of Final Appeal of the Region. The structure, powers and functions as well as operation of the courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be prescribed by law.
Article 85 The primary courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region may, when necessary, establish special courts. The previous system concerning criminal prosecution shall be maintained.
Article 86 An administrative court shall be established in the Macao Special Administrative Region. It is the court which shall have,jurisdiction over administrative and tax cases. If a party refuses to accept a judgment by the administrative court, he or she shall have the right to file an appeal with an intermediate court.
Article 87 Judges of the courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region at all levels shall be appointed by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of an independent commission composed of local judges, lawyers and eminent persons. Judges shall be chosen on the basis of their professional qualifications. Qualified judges of foreign nationality may also be employed. A judge may only be removed for inability to discharge his or her functions, or for behavior incompatible with his or her post, by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of a tribunal appointed by the President of the Court of Final Appeal and consisting of not fewer than three local judges. The removal of the judges of the Court of Final Appeal shall be decided on by the Chief Executive upon the recommendation of a review committee consisting of members of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The appointment and removal of the judges of the Court of Final Appeal shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Article 88 The presidents of courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region at all levels shall be chosen from among judges and appointed by the Chief Executive. The President of the Court of Final Appeal of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be a Chinese citizen who is a permanent resident of the Region. The appointment and removal of the President of the Court of Final Appeal shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Article 89 The judges of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise judicial power according to law, instead of according to any order or instruction, except in the situation as prescribed in paragraph 3 of Article l9 of this Law. Judges shall be immune from legal action for discharging his or her judicial functions. During the term of his or her office, a judge shall not Concurrently assume other public or private posts, nor shall he or she assume any post in organizations of a political nature.
Article 90 The procuratorates of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise procuratorial functions as vested by law, independently and free from any interference. The Procurator-General of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be a Chinese citizen who is a permanent resident of the Region, shall be nominated by the Chief Executive and appointed by the Central People's Government. Procurators shall be nominated by the Procurator-General and appointed by the Chief Executive. The structure, powers and functions as well as operation of the procuratorates shall be prescribed by law.
Article 91 The system previously in force in Macao for appointment and removal of supporting members of the judiciary shall be maintained.
Article 92 On the basis of the system previously operating in Macao, the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region may make provisions for local lawyers and lawyers from outside Macao to practise in the Region.
Article 93 The Macao Special Administrative Region may, through consultations and in accordance with law, maintain judicial relations with the judicial organs of other parts of the country, and they may render assistance to each other.
Article 94 With the assistance or authorization of the Central People's Government, the Macao Special Administrative Region may make appropriate arrangements with foreign states for reciprocal judicial assistance.
Section 5 Municipal Organs
Article 95 Municipal organizations which are not organs of political power may be established in the Macao Special Administrative Region. Entrusted by the government of the Region, they shall provide services in such fields as culture, recreation and environmental sanitation, and shall be consulted by the government of the Region on the above mentioned affairs.
Article 96 The functions, powers and structure of the municipal organizations shall be prescribed by law.
Section 6 Public Servants
Article 97 Public servants serving in the Macao Special Administrative Region must be permanent residents of the Region, except for those as prescribed by Articles 98 and 99 of this Law and except for technical personnel of certain professions and junior public servants recruited by the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 98 Upon the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region, public servants including the police and supporting members of the judiciary previously serving in Macao may all remain in employment, continue service and retain their seniority with pay, allowances, benefits and conditions of service no less favourable than before. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall pay to the above mentioned public servants who are entitled to pensions and allowances under the laws previously in force in Macao and who remain in employment and retire after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region, or to their dependents, all pensions and allowances due to them on terms no less favourable than before, and irrespective of their nationality or place of residence.
Article 99 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region may employ Portuguese and other foreign nationals previously serving in the public service in Macao, or those holding permanent identity cards of the Region, to serve as public servants in government departments at all levels, unless otherwise provided by this Law. The relevant government departments of the Macao Special Administrative Region may also employ Portuguese and other foreign nationals as advisers or to fill professional and technical posts. These individuals shall be employed only in their individual capacities and shall be responsible to the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 100 The appointment and promotion of public servants shall be on the basis of their qualifications, experience and ability. Macao's previous system of employment, discipline, advanced and regular promotion may basically remain unchanged, but may be improved along with the development of the Macao society.
Section 7 Swearing Allegiance
Article 101 The Chief Executive, principal officials, members of the Executive Council and of the Legislative Council, judges and procurators in the Macao Special Administrative Region must uphold the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, devote themselves to their duties, be honest in performing official duties, swear allegiance to the Macao Special Administrative Region and take an oath to this effect in accordance with law.
Article 102 When assuming office, the Chief Executive, principal Officials, President of the Court of Final Appeal and Procurator-General of the Macao Special Administrative
Region must swear allegiance to the People's Republic of China, apart from taking the oath under Article 101.
Chapter V Economy
Article 103 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall, in accordance with law, protect the right of individuals and legal persons to the acquisition, use, disposal and inheritance of property and their right to compensation for lawful deprivation of their property. Such compensation shall correspond to the real value of the property concerned at the time and shall be freely convertible and paid without undue delay. The ownership of enterprises and the investments from outside the Region shall be protected by law.
Article 104 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall have independent finances. All the financial revenues of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be managed and controlled by the Region itself and shall not be handed over to the Central People's Government. The Central People's Government shall not levy taxes in the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 105 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall follow the principle of keeping expenditure within the limits of revenues in drawing up its budget, and strive to achieve a fiscal balance, avoid deficits and keep the budget commensurate with the growth rate of its gross domestic product.
Article 106 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall practise an independent taxation system. The Macao Special Administrative Region shall, taking the low tax policy previously pursued in Macao as reference, enact laws, on its own, concerning types of taxes, tax rates, tax reductions, allowances and expenditures, and other matters of taxation. The taxation system for franchised businesses shall be otherwise prescribed by law.
Article 107 The monetary and financial systems of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be prescribed by law. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate monetary and financial policies, safeguard the free operation of financial markets and all kinds of financial institutions, and regulate and supervise them in accordance with law.
Article 108 The Macao Pataca, as the legal tender in the Macao Special Administrative Region, shall continue to circulate. The authority to issue Macao currency shall be vested in the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The issue of Macao currency must be backed by a 100 per cent reserve fund. The system regarding the issue of Macao currency and the reserve fund system shall be prescribed by law. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region may authorize designated banks to perform or continue to perform the function of its agents in the issuance of Macao currency.
Article 109 No foreign exchange control policies shall be applied in the Macao Special Administrative Region. The Macao Pataca shall be freely convertible. The foreign exchange reserve of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be managed and controlled by the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region according to law. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall safeguard the free flow of capital within, into and out of the Region.
Article 110 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall maintain the status of a free port and shall not impose any tariff unless otherwise prescribed by law.
Article 111 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall pursue the policy of free trade and safeguard the free movement of goods, intangible assets and capital.
Article 112 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall be a separate customs territory. The Macao Special Administrative Region may, using the name "Macao, China", participate in relevant international organizations and international trade agreements (including preferential trade arrangements), such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and arrangements regarding international trade in textiles. Export quotas, tariff preferences and other similar arrangements, which are obtained or made by the Macao Special Administrative Region or which were obtained or made but remain valid, shall be enjoyed exclusively by the Region.
Article 113 The Macao Special Administrative Region may issue its own certificates of origin for products in accordance with prevailing rules of origin.
Article 114 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall, in accordance with law, protect the free operation of industrial and commercial enterprises and make its own policies on the development of industry and commerce. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall improve the economic environment and provide legal guarantees for promoting the development of industry and commerce and for encouraging investments, technological progress and development of new industries and new markets.
Article 115 The Macao Special Administrative Region, in the light of its economic development, shall make labour policy and improve labour law on its own. The Macao Special Administrative Region shall establish consultative co-ordination organisations composed of representatives from the government, the employers' organizations and the employees' organizations.
Article 116 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall maintain and improve Macao's previous systems of shipping management and shipping regulation, and make shipping policy on its own. The Macao Special Administrative Region shall be authorized by the Central People's Government to maintain a shipping register and issue related certificates under its legislation, using the name "Macao, China". With the exception of foreign warships, access for which requires the special permission of the Central People's Government, ships shall enjoy access to the ports of the Macao Special
Administrative Region in accordance with the laws of the Region. Private shipping businesses and shipping-related businesses and terminals in the Macao Special Administrative Region may continue to operate freely.
Article 117 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region may, with the authorization of the Central People's Government, formulate, on its own, various systems for the civil aviation management.
Article 118 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, make policies on tourism and recreation in the light of its overall interests.
Article 119 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall carry out the protection of environment in accordance with law.
Article 120 The Macao Special Administrative Region shall, in accordance with law, recognize and protect all the lawful leases of land granted or decided upon before the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region which extend beyond 19 December 1999, and all rights in relation to such leases. The grant or renewal of land leases after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant land laws and policies of the Region.
Chapter VI Culture and Social Affairs
Article 121 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on education, including policies regarding the educational system and its administration, the language of instruction, the allocation of funds, the examination system, the recognition of educational qualifications and the system of academic awards so as to promote educational development. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, in accordance with law, gradually institute a compulsory education system. Community organizations and individuals may, in accordance with law, run educational undertakings of various kinds.
Article 122 The existing educational institutions of all kinds in Macao may continue to operate. All educational institutions in the Macao Special Administrative Region shall enjoy their autonomy and teaching and academic freedom in accordance with law. Educational institutions of all kinds may continue to recruit staff and use teaching materials from outside the Macao Special Administrative Region. Students shall enjoy freedom of choice of educational institutions and freedom to pursue their education outside the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Article 123 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies to improve medical and health services and to develop Western and traditional Chinese medicine. Community organizations and individuals may provide various medical and health services in accordance with law.
Article 124 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on science and technology and protect by law achievements in scientific and technological research, patents, discoveries and inventions. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, decide on the scientific and technological standards and specifications applicable in Macao.
Article 125 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on culture, including literature, art, broadcasting, film and television programs. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall protect by law the achievements and the lawful rights and interests of authors in their literary, artistic and other creation. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall protect by law scenic spots, historical sites and other historical relics as well as the lawful rights and interests of the owners of antiques.
Article 126 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on press and publication.
Article 127 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on sports. Non-governmental sports organizations may continue to exist and develop in accordance with law.
Article 128 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region, consistent with the principle of religious freedom, shall not interfere in the internal affairs of religious organizations or in the efforts of religious organizations and believers in Macao to maintain and develop relations with their counterparts outside Macao, or restrict religious activities which do not contravene the laws of the Region. Religious organizations may, in accordance with law, run seminaries and other schools, hospitals and welfare institutions and to provide other social services. Schools run by religious organizations may continue to provide religious education, including courses in religion. Religious organizations shall, in accordance with law, enjoy the rights to acquire, use, dispose of and inherit property and the right to receive donations. Their previous property rights and interests shall be protected by law.
Article 129 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, establish a system concerning the professions and, based on impartiality and rationality, formulate provisions for assessing professional qualifications or qualifications for practice in the various professions and issuing corresponding certificates. Persons with professional qualifications or qualifications for professional practice obtained prior to the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region may retain their previous qualifications in accordance with the relevant regulations of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations, recognize the professions and the professional organizations recognized prior to the establishment of the Region and may, as required by social development and in consultation with the parties concerned, recognize new professions and professional organizations.
Article 130 On the basis of the previous social welfare system, the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, on its own, formulate policies on the development and improvement of the social welfare system in the light of the economic conditions and social needs.
Article 131 Local organizations providing social services in the Macao Special Administrative Region may, on their own, decide their forms of service, providing that the law is not contravened.
Article 132 The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall, when necessary and possible, gradually improve the policy previously practised in Macao in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, science, technology, culture, sports, recreation, medicine and health, social welfare and social work.
Article 133 The relationship between non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, science, technology, culture, news media, publication, sports, recreation, the professions, medicine and health, labour, women, youth, returned overseas nationals, social welfare and social work as well as religious organizations in the Macao Special Administrative Region and their counterparts in other parts of the country shall be based on the principles of non-subordination, non-interference and mutual respect.
Article 134 Non-governmental organizations in fields such as educations science, technology, culture, news media, publication, sports, recreation, the professions, medicine and health, labour, women, youth, returned overseas nationals, social welfare and social work as well as religious organizations in the Macao Special Administrative Region may maintain and develop relations with their counterparts in foreign countries and regions and with relevant international organizations. They may, as required, use the name "Macao, China" in the relevant activities.
Chapter VII External Affairs
Article 135 Representatives of the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region may, as members of delegations of the Government of the People's Republic of China, participate in negotiations at the diplomatic level directly affecting the Region conducted by the Central People's Government.
Article 136 The Macao Special Administrative Region may, on its own, using the name "Macao, China", maintain and develop relations and conclude and implement agreements with foreign states and regions and relevant international organizations in the appropriate fields, including the economic, trade, financial and monetary, shipping, communications, tourism, cultural, science and technology, and sports fields.
Article 137 Representatives of the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region may, as members of delegations of the People's Republic of China, participate in international organizations or conferences in appropriate fields limited to states and
affecting the Region, or may attend in such other capacity as may be permitted by the Central People's Government and the international organizations or conference Concerneds and may express their views, using the name "Macao, China". The Macao Special Administrative Region may, using the name "Macao, China", participate in international organizations and conferences not limited to states. The Central People's Government shall, in accordance with the circumstances and needs of the Region, take measures to ensure that the Macao Special Administrative Region shall continue to retain its status in an appropriate capacity in those international organizations of which the People's Republic of China is a member and in which Macao participates in one capacity or another. The Central People's Government shall, in accordance with the circumstances and needs of the Region, facilitate the continued participation of the Macao Special Administrative Region in an appropriate capacity in those international organizations in which Macao is a participant in one capacity or another, but of which the People's Republic of China is not a member.
Article 138 The application to the Macao Special Administrative Region of international agreements to which the People's Republic of China is a member or becomes a party shall be decided by the Central People's Government, in accordance with the circumstances and needs of the Region, and after seeking the views of the government of the Region. International agreements to which the People's Republic of China is not a party but which are implemented in Macao may continue to be implemented in the Macao Special Administrative Region. The Central People's Government shall, as necessary, authorize or assist the government of the Region to make appropriate arrangements for the application to the Region of other relevant international agreements.
Article 139 The Central People's Government shall authorize the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region to issue, in accordance with law, passports of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China to all Chinese citizens who hold permanent identity cards of the Region, and travel documents of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China to all other persons lawfully residing in the Region. The above passports and travel documents shall be valid for all states and regions and shall record the holder's right to return to the Region. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region may apply immigration controls on entry into, stay in and departure from the Region by persons from foreign states or regions.
Article 140 The Central People's Government shall assist or authorize the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region to negotiate and conclude visa abolition agreements with relevant foreign states or regions.
Article 141 The Macao Special Administrative Region may, as necessary, establish official or semi-official economic and trade missions in foreign countries and shall report the establishment of such missions to the Central People's Government for the record.
Article 142 The establishment of foreign consular and other official or semi-official missions in the Macao Special Administrative Region shall require the approval of the
Central People's Government. Consular and other official missions established in Macao by states which have formal diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China may be maintained. According to the circumstances of each case, consular and other official missions established in Macao by states which have no formal diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China may either remain or change to semi- official missions. States not recognized by the People's Republic of China may only establish non-governmental institutions in the Region.
Chapter VIII Interpretation and Amendment of the Basic Law
Article 143 The power of interpretation of this Law shall be vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall authorize the courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region to interpret on their own, in adjudicating cases, the provisions of this Law which are within the limits of the autonomy of the Region. The courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region may also interpret other provisions of this Law in adjudicating cases. However, if the courts of the Region, in adjudicating cases, need to interpret the provisions of this Law concerning affairs which are the responsibility of the Central People's Government, or concerning the relationship between the Central Authorities and the Region, and if such interpretation will affect the judgments in the cases, the courts of the Region shall, before making their final judgments which are not appealable, seek an interpretation of the relevant provisions from the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress through the Court of Final Appeal of the Region. When the Standing Committee makes an interpretation of the provisions concerned, the courts of the Region, in applying those provisions, shall follow the interpretation of the Standing Committee. However, judgments previously rendered shall not be affected. The Standing Committee of the National People s Congress shall consult its Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region before giving an interpretation of this Law.
Article 144 The power of amendment of this Law shall be vested in the National People's Congress. The power to propose bills for amendments to this Law shall be vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, and the Macao Special Administrative Region. Amendment bills from the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be submitted to the National People's Congress by the delegation of the Region to the National People's Congress after obtaining the consent of two-thirds of the deputies of the Region to the National People's Congress, two-thirds of all the members of the Legislative Council of the Region, and the Chief Executive of the Region. Before a bill for amendment to this Law is put on the agenda of the National People's Congress, the Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall study it and submit its views. No amendment to this Law shall contravene the established basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Macao.
Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions
Article 145 Upon the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region, the laws previously in force in Macao shall be adopted as laws of the Region except for those which the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress declares to be in contravention of this Law. If any laws are later discovered to be in contravention of this Law, they shall be amended or cease to have force in accordance with the provisions of this Law and legal procedure. Documents, certificates and contracts valid under the laws previously in force in Macao, and the rights and obligations provided for in such documents, certificates or contracts shall continue to be valid and be recognized and protected by the Macao Special Administrative Region, provided that they do not contravene this Law. The contracts signed by the Portuguese Macao Government whose terms of validity extend beyond 19 December 1999 shall continue to be valid except those which a body authorized by the Central People's Government publicly declares to be inconsistent with the provisions about transitional arrangements contained in the Sino- Portuguese Joint Declaration and which need to be re-examined by the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Annex I Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region
1. The Chief Executive shall be elected by a broadly representative Election Committee in accordance with this Law and appointed by the Central People's Government.
2. The Election Committee shall be composed of 300 members from the following sectors:
Industrial, commercial and financial sectors: 100
Cultural and educational sectors and other professions: 80
Labor, social services, religious and other sectors: 80
Representatives of members of the Legislative Council, representatives of members of the municipal organs, Macao deputies to the National People's Congress, and representatives of Macao members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference:40
The term of office of the Election Committee shall be five years.
3. The delimitation of the various sectors, the organizations in each sector eligible to return Election Committee members and the number of such members returned by each of these organizations shall be prescribed by an electoral law enacted by the Macao Special Administrative Region in accordance with the principles of democracy and openness. Corporate bodies in various sectors shall, on their own, elect members to the Election Committee, in accordance with the number of seats allocated and the election
methods as prescribed by the electoral law. Members of the Election Committee shall vote in their individual capacities.
4. Candidates for the office of Chief Executive may be nominated jointly by not less than 50 members of the Election Committee. Each member may nominate only one candidate.
5. The Election Committee shall, on the basis of the list of the nominees, elect the Chief Executive designate by secret ballot on a one-person-one-vote basis. The specific election method shall be prescribed by the electoral law.
6. The first Chief Executive shall be selected in accordance with the "Decision of the National People's Congress on the Method for the Formation of the First Government, the First Legislative Council and the First Judiciary of the Macao Special Administrative Region".
7. If there is a need to amend the method for selecting the Chief Executive for the terms subsequent to the year 2009, such amendments must be made with the endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the Legislative Council and the consent of the Chief Executive, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval.
Annex II Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region
1. In the first term, the Legislative Council shall be formed in accordance with the Decision of the National People's Congress on the Method for the Formation of the First Government, the First Legislative Council and the First Judiciary of the Macao Special Administrative Region".
The Legislative Council in the second term shall be composed of 27:
Members directly returned: 10
Members indirectly returned: 10
Appointed members: 7
The Legislative Council in the third and subsequent terms shall be composed of 29:
Members directly returned: 12
Members indirectly returned: 10
Appointed members: 7
2. The method for electing members of the Legislative Council shall be specified by an electoral law introduced by the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region and passed by the Legislative Council.
3. If there is a need to change the method for forming the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region in and after 2009, such amendments must be made with the endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the Council and the consent of the Chief Executive, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Annex III National Laws to Be Applied in the Macao Special Administrative Region
The following national laws shall be applied locally with effect from 20 December 1999 by way of promulgation or legislation by the Macao Special Administrative Region:
1. Resolution on the Capital, Calendar, National Anthem and National Flag of the People's Republic of China;
2. Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China;
3. Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China;
4. Regulations of the People's Republic of China Concerning Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities;
5. Regulations of the People's Republic of China Concerning Consular Privileges and Immunities;
6. Law on the National Flag of the People's Republic of China;
7. Law on the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China;
8. Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone;
9. Law of the People's Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf;
10. Law of the People's Republic of China on the Garrisoning of the Macao Special Administrative Region. .
Decision of the National People's Congress on the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted by the Eighth National People's Congress at its First Session on 31 March 1993)
The Eighth National People's Congress at its First Session adopts the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, including Annex I, "Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region", Annex II, " Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region", Annex III, " National Laws to Be Applied in the Macao Special Administrative Region", and the designs of the regional flag and regional emblem of the Macao Special Administrative Region. Article 31 of the Constitution of the People' s Republic of China provides: "The state may establish special administrative regions when necessary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative regions shall be prescribed by law enacted by the National People's Congress in the light of the specific conditions." The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region is constitutional as it is enacted in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in the light of the specific conditions of Macao. The systems, policies and laws to be instituted after the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be based on the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China shall be put into effect as of 20 December 1999.
Decision of the National People's Congress on the Establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted by the Eighth National People's Congress at its First Session on 31 March 1993)
In accordance with the provisions of Article 31 and subparagraph 13 of Article 62 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the Eighth National People's Congress decides at its First Session: 1. that the Macao Special Administrative Region is to be established as of 20 December 1999; and 2. that the area of the Macao Special Administrative Region covers the Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island. The map of the administrative division of the Macao Special Administrative Region will be published by the State Council separately.
Decision of the National People's Congress on the Method for the Formation of the First Government, the First Legislative Council and the First Judiciary of the Macao Special Administrative Region
(Adopted by the Eighth National People's Congress at its First Session on 31 March 1993)
1. The First Government, the First Legislative Council and the First Judiciary shall be formed in accordance with the principles of state sovereignty and smooth transition.
2. The National People's Congress shall establish a Preparatory Committee for the Macao Special Administrative Region, which shall be responsible for preparing the establishment of the Region and shall prescribe the specific method for forming the First Government, the First Legislative Council and the First Judiciary in accordance with this
Decision. The Preparatory Committee shall be composed of mainland members and of Macao members who shall constitute not less than 50 per cent of its membership. Its chairman and members shall be appointed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
3. The Preparatory Committee for the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for preparing the establishment of the Selection Committee for the First Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region ("the Selection Committee").
The Selection Committee shall be composed entirely of permanent residents of Macao and must be broadly representative. It shall include Macao deputies to the National People's Congress, representatives of Macao members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, persons with practical experience who have served in Macao's executive, legislative and advisory organs prior to the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region, and persons representative of various strata and sectors of society.
The Selection Committee shall be composed of 200 members, among whom:
Industrial, commercial and financial sectors: 60
Cultural and educational sectors and other professions: 50
Labour, social services, religious and other sectors: 50
Former political figures, Macao deputies to the National People's Congress, and representatives of the Macao members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference: 40
4. The Selection Committee shall recommend the candidate for the first Chief Executive through local consultations or through nomination and election after consultation, and report the recommended candidate to the Central People's Government for appointment. The term of office of the first Chief Executive shall be the same as the regular term.
5. The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for preparing the formation of the First Government of the Region in accordance with this Law.
6. The First Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be composed of 23 members, with 8 members returned through direct elections, 8 members returned through indirect elections, and 7 members appointed by the Chief Executive. If the composition of the last Macao Legislative Council before the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region is in conformity with the relevant provisions of this Decision and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, those of the elected members who uphold the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and pledge allegiance to the Macao Special
Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, and who meet the requirements set forth in the Basic Law of the Region may, upon confirmation by the Preparatory Committee, become members of the First Legislative Council of the Region. Any vacancy in the First Legislative Council of the Region shall be filled by a decision of the Preparatory Committee.
The term of office of members of the First Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall last until 15 October 2001.
7. The Preparatory Committee of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for organizing the Court of the Macao Special Administrative Region in accordance with the Basic Law of the Region.
Decision of the National People's Congress on Approving the Proposal by the Drafting Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region on the Establishment of the Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region under the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
(Adopted by the Eighth National People's Congress at its First Session on 31 March 1993)
The Eighth National People's Congress decides at its First Session:
1. to approve the Proposal by the Drafting Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region on the Establishment of the Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region under the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress; and
2. to establish the Committee for the Basic Law, of the Macao Special Administrative Region under the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress when the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is put into effect.
Appendix Proposal by the Drafting Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region on the Establishment of the Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region under the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1. Name: The Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region under the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
2. Affiliation: To be a working committee under the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
3. Function: To study questions arising from the implementation of Articles 17, 18, 143 and 144 of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region and submit its views thereon to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
4. Composition: Ten members, five from the mainland and five from Macao, including persons from the legal profession, appointed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for a term of office of five years. Macao members shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region with no right of abode in any foreign country and shall be nominated jointly by the Chief Executive, President of the Legislative Council and President of the Court of Final Appeal of the Region for appointment by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
The design of the regional flag of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
The design of the regional emblem of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法 2004-09-03
中华人民共和国
澳门特别行政区基本法
中华人民共和国主席令第三号
《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法》，包括附件一：《澳门特别行政区行政
长官的产生办法》，附件二：《澳门特别行政区立法会的产生办法》，附件三：
《澳门特别行政区实施的全国性法律》，以及澳门特别行政区区旗、区徽图案、已
由中华人民共和国第八届全国人民代表大会第一次会议于 1993 年 3 月 31 日通 过，现予公布，自 1999 年 12 月 20 日起实施。
中华人民共和国主席 江泽民
1993 年 3 月 31 日
目 录
-- 序言
-- 第一章 总则
-- 第二章 中央和澳门特别行政区的关系
-- 第三章 居民的基本权利和义务
-- 第四章 政治体制
第一节 行政长官
第二节 行政机关
第三节 立法机关
第四节 司法机关
第五节 市政机构
第六节 公务人员
第七节 宣誓效忠
-- 第五章 经济
-- 第六章 文化和社会事务
-- 第七章 对外事务
-- 第八章 本法的解释和修改
-- 第九章 附则
-- 附件一： 澳门特别行政区行政长官的产生办法
-- 附件二： 澳门特别行政区立法会的产生办法
-- 附件三： 在澳门特别行政区实施的全国性法律
-- 全国人民代表大会关于《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法》的决定
-- 全国人民代表大会关于设立澳门特别行政区的决定
-- 全国人民代表大会关于澳门特别行政区第一届政府﹑立法会和司法机关产生办法 的决定
-- 全国人民代表大会关于批准澳门特别行政区基本法起草委员会关于设立全国人民 代表大会常务委员会澳门特别行政区基本法委员会的建议的决定
-- 附：澳门特别行政区基本法起草委员会关于设立全国人民代表大会常务委员会 澳门特别行政区基本法委员会的建议
-- 中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区区旗图案
-- 中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区区徽图案
序 言
澳门﹐包括澳门半岛﹑凼仔岛和路环岛﹐自古以来就是中国的领土﹐十六世纪中叶
以后被葡萄牙逐步占领。一九八七年四月十三日﹐中葡两国政府签署了关于澳门
问题的联合声明﹐确认中华人民共和国政府于一九九九年十二月二十日恢复对澳门
行使主权﹐从而实现了长期以来中国人民收回澳门的共同愿望。
为了维护国家的统一和领土完整﹐有利于澳门的社会稳定和经济发展﹐考虑到澳门
的历史和现实情况﹐国家决定﹐在对澳门恢复行使主权时﹐根据中华人民共和国
宪法第三十一条的规定﹐设立澳门特别行政区﹐并按照“一个国家﹐两种制度”的方 针﹐不在澳门实行社会主义的制度和政策。国家对澳门的基本方针政策﹐已由中
国政府在中葡联合声明中予以阐明。
根据中华人民共和国宪法﹐全国人民代表大会特制定中华人民共和国澳门特别行政
区基本法﹐规定澳门特别行政区实行的制度﹐以保障国家对澳门的基本方针政策的
实施。
第一章
总 则
第一条 澳门特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。
第二条 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会授权澳门特别行政区依照本法的规定实
行高度自治﹐享有行政管理权﹑立法权﹑独立的司法权和终审权。
第三条 澳门特别行政区的行政机关和立法机关由澳门特别行政区永久性居民依照
本法有关规定组成。
第四条 澳门特别行政区依法保障澳门特别行政区居民和其它人的权利和自由。
第五条 澳门特别行政区不实行社会主义的制度和政策﹐保持原有的资本主义制度
和生活方式﹐五十年不变。
第六条 澳门特别行政区以法律保护私有财产权。
第七条 澳门特别行政区境内的土地和自然资源﹐除在澳门特别行政区成立前已依
法确认的私有土地外﹐属于国家所有﹐由澳门特别行政区政府负责管理﹑使用﹑开
发﹑出租或批给个人﹑法人使用或开发﹐其收入全部归澳门特别行政区政府支配。
第八条 澳门原有的法律﹑法令﹑行政法规和其它规范性文件﹐除同本法相抵触或
经澳门特别政区的立法机关或其它有关机关依照法定程序作出修改者外﹐予以保
留。
第九条 澳门特别行政区的行政机关﹑立法机关和司法机关﹐除使用中文外﹐还可
使用葡文﹐葡文也是正式语文。
第十条 澳门特别行政区除悬挂和使用中华人民共和国国旗和国徽外﹐还可悬挂和
使用澳门特行政区区旗和区徽。
澳门特别行政区的区旗是绘有五星﹑莲花﹑大桥﹑海水图案的绿色旗帜。
澳门特别行政区的区徽﹐中间是五星﹑莲花﹑大桥﹑海水，周围写有“中华人民共 和国澳门特别行政区”和葡文“澳门”。
第十一条 根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条﹐澳门特别行政区的制度和政策﹐
包括社会﹑经济制度﹐有关保障居民的基本权利和自由的制度﹐行政管理﹑立法和
司法方面的制度﹐以及有关政策﹐均以本法的规定为依据。
澳门特别行政区的任何法律﹑法令﹑行政法规和其它规范性文件均不得同本法相抵
触。
第二章
中央和澳门特别行政区的关系
第十二条 澳门特别行政区是中华人民共和国的一个享有高度自治权的地方行政区
域﹐直辖于中央人民政府。
第十三条 中央人民政府负责管理与澳门特别行政区有关的外交事务。
中华人民共和国外交部在澳门设立机构处理外交事务。
中央人民政府授权澳门特别行政区依照本法自行处理有关的对外事务。
第十四条 中央人民政府负责管理澳门特别行政区的防务。
澳门特别行政区政府负责维持澳门特别行政区的社会治安。
第十五条 中央人民政府依照本法有关规定任免澳门特别行政区行政长官﹑政府主
要官员和检察长。
第十六条 澳门特别行政区享有行政管理权﹐依照本法有关规定自行处理澳门特别
行政区的行政事务。
第十七条 澳门特别行政区享有立法权。
澳门特别行政区的立法机关制定的法律须报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。备
案不影响该法律的生效。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会在征询其所属的澳门特别行政区基本法委员会的意见
后﹐如认为澳门特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律不符合本法关于中央管理的
事务及中央和澳门特别行政区关系的条款﹐可将有关法律发回﹐但不作修改。经全
国人民代表大会常务委员会发回的法律立即失效。该法律的失效﹐除澳门特别行
政区的法律另有规定外﹐无溯及力。
第十八条 在澳门特别行政区实行的法律为本法以及本法第八条规定的澳门原有法
律和澳门特别行政区立法机关制定的法律。
全国性法律除列于本法附件三者外﹐不在澳门特别行政区实施。凡列于本法附件三
的法律﹐由澳门特别行政区在当地公布或立法实施。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会在征询其所属的澳门特别行政区基本法委员会和澳门
特别行政区政府的意见后﹐可对列于本法附件三的法律作出增减。列入附件三的法
律应限于有关国防﹑外交和其它依照本法规定不属于澳门特别行政区自治范围的法
律。
在全国人民代表大会常务委员会决定宣布战争状态或因澳门特别行政区内发生澳门
特别行政区政府不能控制的危及国家统一或安全的动乱而决定澳门特别行政区进入
紧急状态时﹐中央人民政府可发布命令将有关全国性法律在澳门特别行政区实施。
第十九条 澳门特别行政区享有独立的司法权和终审权。
澳门特别行政区法院除继续保持澳门原有法律制度和原则对法院审判权所作的限制
外﹐对澳门特别行政区所有的案件均有审判权。
澳门特别行政区法院对国防﹑外交等国家行为无管辖权。澳门特别行政区法院在审
理案件中遇有涉及国防﹑外交等国家行为的事实问题﹐应取得行政长官就该等问题
发出的证明文件﹐上述文件对法院有约束力。行政长官在发出证明文件前﹐须取得
中央人民政府的证明书。
第二十条 澳门特别行政区可享有全国人民代表大会﹑全国人民代表大会常务委员
会或中央人民政府授予的其它权力。
第二十一条 澳门特别行政区居民中的中国公民依法参与国家事务的管理。
根据全国人民代表大会确定的代表名额和代表产生办法﹐由澳门特别行政区居民中
的中国公民在澳门选出澳门特别行政区的全国人民代表大会代表﹐参加最高国家权
力机关的工作。
第二十二条 中央人民政府所属各部门﹑各省﹑自治区﹑直辖市均不得干预澳门特
别行政区依照本法自行管理的事务。
中央各部门﹑各省﹑自治区﹑直辖市如需在澳门特别行政区设立机构﹐须征得澳门
特别行政区政府同意并经中央人民政府批准。
中央各部门﹑各省﹑自治区﹑直辖市在澳门特别行政区设立的一切机构及其人员均
须遵守澳门特别行政区的法律。
各省﹑自治区﹑直辖市的人进入澳门特别行政区须办理批准手续﹐其中进入澳门特
别行政区定居的人数由中央人民政府主管部门征求澳门特别行政区政府的意见后确
定。
澳门特别行政区可在北京设立办事机构。
第二十三条 澳门特别行政区应自行立法禁止任何叛国﹑分裂国家﹑煽动叛乱﹑颠
覆中央人民政府及窃取国家机密的行为﹐禁止外国的政治性组织或团体在澳门特别
行政区进行政治活动﹐禁止澳门特别行政区的政治性组织或团体与外国的政治性组
织或团体建立联系。
第三章
居民的基本权利和义务
第二十四条 澳门特别行政区居民﹐简称澳门居民﹐包括永久性居民和非永久性居
民。
澳门特别行政区永久性居民为﹕
（一）在澳门特别行政区成立以前或以后在澳门出生的中国公民及其在澳门以外所
生的中国籍子女﹔
（二）在澳门特别行政区成立以前或以后在澳门通常居住连续七年以上的中国公民
及在其成为永久性居民后在澳门以外所生的中国籍子女﹔
（三）在澳门特别行政区成立以前或以后在澳门出生并以澳门为永久居住地的葡萄
牙人﹔
（四）在澳门特别行政区成立以前或以后在澳门通常居住连续七年以上并以澳门为
永久居住地的葡萄牙人﹔
（五）在澳门特别行政区成立以前或以后在澳门通常居住连续七年以上并以澳门为
永久居住地的其它人﹔
（六）第（五）项所列永久性居民在澳门特别行政区成立以前或以后在澳门出生的
未满十八周岁的子女。
以上居民在澳门特别行政区享有居留权并有资格领取澳门特别行政区永久性居民身
份证。
澳门特别行政区非永久性居民为﹕有资格依照澳门特别行政区法律领取澳门居民身
份证﹐但没有居留权的人。
第二十五条 澳门居民在法律面前一律平等﹐不因国籍﹑血统﹑种族﹑性别﹑语言
﹑宗教﹑政治或思想信仰﹑文化程度﹑经济状况或社会条件而受到歧视。
第二十六条 澳门特别行政区永久性居民依法享有选举权和被选举权。
第二十七条 澳门居民享有言论﹑新闻﹑出版的自由﹐结社﹑集会﹑游行﹑示威的
自由﹐组织和参加工会﹑罢工的权利和自由。
第二十八条 澳门居民的人身自由不受侵犯。
澳门居民不受任意或非法的逮捕﹑拘留﹑监禁。对任意或非法的拘留﹑监禁﹐居民
有权向法院申请颁发人身保护令。
禁止非法搜查居民的身体﹑剥夺或者限制居民的人身自由。
禁止对居民施行酷刑或予以非人道的对待。
第二十九条 澳门居民除其行为依照当时法律明文规定为犯罪和应受惩处外﹐不受
刑罚处罚。
澳门居民在被指控犯罪时﹐享有尽早接受法院审判的权利﹐在法院判罪之前均假定
无罪。
第三十条 澳门居民的人格尊严不受侵犯。禁止用任何方法对居民进行侮辱﹑诽谤
和诬告陷害。
澳门居民享有个人的名誉权﹑私人生活和家庭生活的隐私权。
第三十一条 澳门居民的住宅和其它房屋不受侵犯。禁止任意或非法搜查﹑侵入居
民的住宅和其它房屋。
第三十二条 澳门居民的通讯自由和通讯秘密受法律保护。除因公共安全和追查刑
事犯罪的需要﹐由有关机关依照法律规定对通讯进行检查外﹐任何部门或个人不得
以任何理由侵犯居民的通讯自由和通讯秘密。
第三十三条 澳门居民有在澳门特别行政区境内迁徙的自由﹐有移居其它国家和地
区的自由。澳门居民有旅行和出入境的自由﹐有依照法律取得各种旅行证件的权
利。有效旅行证件持有人﹐除非受到法律制止﹐可自由离开澳门特别行政区﹐无需
特别批准。
第三十四条 澳门居民有信仰的自由。
澳门居民有宗教信仰的自由﹐有公开传教和举行﹑参加宗教活动的自由。
第三十五条 澳门居民有选择职业和工作的自由。
第三十六条 澳门居民有权诉诸法律﹐向法院提起诉讼﹐得到律师的帮助以保护自
己的合法权益﹐以及获得司法补救。
澳门居民有权对行政部门和行政人员的行为向法院提起诉讼。
第三十七条 澳门居民有从事教育﹑学术研究﹑文学艺术创作和其它文化活动的自
由。
第三十八条 澳门居民的婚姻自由﹑成立家庭和自愿生育的权利受法律保护。
妇女的合法权益受澳门特别行政区的保护。
未成年人﹑老年人和残疾人受澳门特别行政区的关怀和保护。
第三十九条 澳门居民有依法享受社会福利的权利。劳工的福利待遇和退休保障受
法律保护。
第四十条 《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》﹑《经济﹑社会与文化权利的国际公
约》和国际劳工公约适用于澳门的有关规定继续有效﹐通过澳门特别行政区的法律
予以实施。
澳门居民享有的权利和自由﹐除依法规定外不得限制﹐此种限制不得与本条第一款
规定抵触。
第四十一条 澳门居民享有澳门特别行政区法律保障的其它权利和自由。
第四十二条 在澳门的葡萄牙后裔居民的利益依法受澳门特别行政区的保护﹐他们
的习俗和文化传统应受尊重。
第四十三条 在澳门特别行政区境内的澳门居民以外的其它人﹐依法享有本章规定
的澳门居民的权利和自由。
第四十四条 澳门居民和在澳门的其它人有遵守澳门特别行政区实行的法律的义
务。
第四章
政治体制第一节
行政长官
第四十五条 澳门特别行政区行政长官是澳门特别行政区的首长﹐代表澳门特别行
政区。
澳门特别行政区行政长官依照本法规定对中央人民政府和澳门特别行政区负责。
第四十六条 澳门特别行政区行政长官由年满四十周岁﹐在澳门通常居住连续满二
十年的澳门特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。
第四十七条 澳门特别行政区行政长官在当地通过选举或协商产生﹐由中央人民政
府任命。
行政长官的产生办法由附件一《澳门特别行政区行政长官的产生办法》规定。
第四十八条 澳门特别行政区行政长官任期五年﹐可连任一次。
第四十九条 澳门特别行政区行政长官在任职期内不得具有外国居留权﹐不得从事
私人赢利活动。行政长官就任时应向澳门特别行政区终审法院院长申报财产﹐记录
在案。
第五十条 澳门特别行政区行政长官行使下列职权﹕
（一）领导澳门特别行政区政府﹔
（二）负责执行本法和依照本法适用于澳门特别行政区的其它法律﹔
（三）签署立法会通过的法案﹐公布法律﹔
签署立法会通过的财政预算案﹐将财政预算﹑决算报中央人民政府备案﹔
（四）决定政府政策﹐发布行政命令﹔
（五）制定行政法规并颁布执行﹔
（六）提名并报请中央人民政府任命下列主要官员：各司司长﹑廉政专员﹑审计长
﹑警察部门主要负责人和海关主要负责人﹔建议中央人民政府免除上述官员职务﹔
（七）委任部分立法会议员﹔
（八）任免行政会委员﹔
（九）依照法定程序任免各级法院院长和法官﹐任免检察官﹔
（十）依照法定程序提名并报请中央人民政府任命检察长﹐建议中央人民政府免除
检察长的职务﹔
（十一）依照法定程序任免公职人员﹔
（十二）执行中央人民政府就本法规定的有关事务发出的指令﹔
（十三）代表澳门特别行政区政府处理中央授权的对外事务和其它事务﹔
（十四）批准向立法会提出有关财政收入或支出的动议﹔
（十五）根据国家和澳门特别行政区的安全或重大公共利益的需要﹐决定政府官员
或其它负责政府公务的人员是否向立法会或其所属的委员会作证和提供证据﹔
（十六）依法颁授澳门特别行政区奖章和荣誉称号﹔
（十七）依法赦免或减轻刑事罪犯的刑罚﹔
（十八）处理请愿﹑申诉事项。
第五十一条 澳门特别行政区行政长官如认为立法会通过的法案不符合澳门特别行
政区的整体利益﹐可在九十日内提出书面理由并将法案发回立法会重议。立法会如
以不少于全体议员三分之二多数再次通过原案﹐行政长官必须在三十日内签署公布
或依照本法第五十二条的规定处理。
第五十二条 澳门特别行政区行政长官遇有下列情况之一时﹐可解散立法会:
（一）行政长官拒绝签署立法会再次通过的法案﹔
（二）立法会拒绝通过政府提出的财政预算案或行政长官认为关系到澳门特别行政
区整体利益的法案﹐经协商仍不能取得一致意见。
行政长官在解散立法会前﹐须征询行政会的意见﹐解散时应向公众说明理由。
行政长官在其一任任期内只能解散立法会一次。
第五十三条 澳门特别行政区行政长官在立法会未通过政府提出的财政预算案时﹐
可按上一财政年度的开支标准批准临时短期拨款。
第五十四条 澳门特别行政区行政长官如有下列情况之一者必须辞职:
（一）因严重疾病或其它原因无力履行职务﹔
（二）因两次拒绝签署立法会通过的法案而解散立法会﹐重选的立法会仍以全体议
员三分之二多数通过所争议的原案﹐而行政长官在三十日内拒绝签署﹔
（三）因立法会拒绝通过财政预算案或关系到澳门特别行政区整体利益的法案而解
散立法会﹐重选的立法会仍拒绝通过所争议的原案。
第五十五条 澳门特别行政区行政长官短期不能履行职务时﹐由各司司长按各司的
排列顺序临时代理其职务。各司的排列顺序由法律规定。
行政长官出缺时﹐应在一百二十日内依照本法第四十七条的规定产生新的行政长
官。行政长官出缺期间的职务代理﹐依照本条第一款规定办理﹐并报中央人民政府
批准。代理行政长官应遵守本法第四十九条的规定。
第五十六条 澳门特别行政区行政会是协助行政长官决策的机构。
第五十七条 澳门特别行政区行政会的委员由行政长官从政府主要官员﹑立法会议
员和社会人士中委任﹐其任免由行政长官决定。行政会委员的任期不超过委任他的
行政长官的任期﹐但在新的行政长官就任前﹐原行政会委员暂时留任。
澳门特别行政区行政会委员由澳门特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。
行政会委员的人数为七至十一人。行政长官认为必要时可邀请有关人士列席行政会
会议。
第五十八条 澳门特别行政区行政会由行政长官主持。行政会的会议每月至少举行
一次。行政长官在作出重要决策﹑向立法会提交法案﹑制定行政法规和解散立法会
前﹐须征询行政会的意见﹐但人事任免﹑纪律制裁和紧急情况下采取的措施除外。
行政长官如不采纳行政会多数委员的意见﹐应将具体理由记录在案。
第五十九条 澳门特别行政区设立廉政公署﹐独立工作。廉政专员对行政长官负
责。
第六十条 澳门特别行政区设立审计署﹐独立工作。审计长对行政长官负责。
第二节
行政机关
第六十一条 澳门特别行政区政府是澳门特别行政区的行政机关。
第六十二条 澳门特别行政区政府的首长是澳门特别行政区行政长官。澳门特别行
政区政府设司﹑局﹑厅﹑处。
第六十三条 澳门特别行政区政府的主要官员由在澳门通常居住连续满十五年的澳
门特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。
澳门特别行政区主要官员就任时应向澳门特别行政区终审法院院长申报财产﹐记录
在案。
第六十四条 澳门特别行政区政府行使下列职权:
（一）制定并执行政策﹔
（二）管理各项行政事务﹔
（三）办理本法规定的中央人民政府授权的对外事务﹔
（四）编制并提出财政预算﹑决算﹔
（五）提出法案﹑议案﹐草拟行政法规﹔
（六）委派官员列席立法会会议听取意见或代表政府发言。
第六十五条 澳门特别行政区政府必须遵守法律﹐对澳门特别行政区立法会负责：
执行立法会通过并已生效的法律﹔定期向立法会作施政报告﹔答复立法会议员的质
询。
第六十六条 澳门特别行政区行政机关可根据需要设立咨询组织。
第三节
立法机关
第六十七条 澳门特别行政区立法会是澳门特别行政区的立法机关。
第六十八条 澳门特别行政区立法会议员由澳门特别行政区永久性居民担任。
立法会多数议员由选举产生。
立法会的产生办法由附件二《澳门特别行政区立法会的产生办法》规定。
立法会议员就任时应依法申报经济状况。
第六十九条 澳门特别行政区立法会除第一届另有规定外﹐每届任期四年。
第七十条 澳门特别行政区立法会如经行政长官依照本法规定解散﹐须于九十日内
依照本法第六十八条的规定重新产生。
第七十一条 澳门特别行政区立法会行使下列职权:
（一）依照本法规定和法定程序制定﹑修改﹑暂停实施和废除法律﹔
（二）审核﹑通过政府提出的财政预算案﹔审议政府提出的预算执行情况报告﹔
（三）根据政府提案决定税收﹐批准由政府承担的债务﹔
（四）听取行政长官的施政报告并进行辩论﹔
（五）就公共利益问题进行辩论﹔
（六）接受澳门居民申诉并作出处理﹔
（七）如立法会全体议员三分之一联合动议﹐指控行政长官有严重违法或渎职行为
而不辞职﹐经立法会通过决议﹐可委托终审法院院长负责组成独立的调查委员会
进行调查。调查委员会如认为有足够证据构成上述指控﹐立法会以全体议员三分之
二多数通过﹐可提出弹劾案﹐报请中央人民政府决定﹔
（八）在行使上述各项职权时﹐如有需要﹐可传召和要求有关人士作证和提供证
据。
第七十二条 澳门特别行政区立法会设主席﹑副主席各一人。主席﹑副主席由立法
会议员互选产生。
澳门特别行政区立法会主席﹑副主席由在澳门通常居住连续满十五年的澳门特别行
政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。
第七十三条 澳门特别行政区立法会主席缺席时由副主席代理。
澳门特别行政区立法会主席或副主席出缺时﹐另行选举。
第七十四条 澳门特别行政区立法会主席行使下列职权﹕
（一）主持会议﹔
（二）决定议程﹐应行政长官的要求将政府提出的议案优先列入议程﹔
（三）决定开会日期﹔
（四）在休会期间可召开特别会议﹔
（五）召开紧急会议或应行政长官的要求召开紧急会议﹔
（六）立法会议事规则所规定的其它职权。
第七十五条 澳门特别行政区立法会议员依照本法规定和法定程序提出议案。凡不
涉及公共收支﹑政治体制或政府运作的议案﹐可由立法会议员个别或联名提出。凡
涉及政府政策的议案﹐在提出前必须得到行政长官的书面同意。
第七十六条 澳门特别行政区立法会议员有权依照法定程序对政府的工作提出质
询。
第七十七条 澳门特别行政区立法会举行会议的法定人数为不少于全体议员的二分
之一。除本法另有规定外﹐立法会的法案﹑议案由全体议员过半数通过。
立法会议事规则由立法会自行制定﹐但不得与本法相抵触。
第七十八条 澳门特别行政区立法会通过的法案﹐须经行政长官签署﹑公布﹐方能
生效。
第七十九条 澳门特别行政区立法会议员在立法会会议上的发言和表决﹐不受法律
追究。
第八十条 澳门特别行政区立法会议员非经立法会许可不受逮捕﹐但现行犯不在此
限。
第八十一条 澳门特别行政区立法会议员如有下列情况之一﹐经立法会决定﹐即丧
失其立法会议员的资格﹕
（一）因严重疾病或其它原因无力履行职务﹔
（二）担任法律规定不得兼任的职务﹔
（三）未得到立法会主席同意﹐连续五次或间断十五次缺席会议而无合理解释﹔
（四）违反立法会议员誓言﹔
（五）在澳门特别行政区区内或区外犯有刑事罪行﹐被判处监禁三十日以上。
第四节
司法机关
第八十二条 澳门特别行政区法院行使审判权。
第八十三条 澳门特别行政区法院独立进行审判﹐祇服从法律﹐不受任何干涉。
第八十四条 澳门特别行政区设立初级法院﹑中级法院和终审法院。
澳门特别行政区终审权属于澳门特别行政区终审法院。
澳门特别行政区法院的组织﹑职权和运作由法律规定。
第八十五条 澳门特别行政区初级法院可根据需要设立若干专门法庭。
原刑事起诉法庭的制度继续保留。
第八十六条 澳门特别行政区设立行政法院。行政法院是管辖行政诉讼和税务诉讼
的法院。不服行政法院裁决者﹐可向中级法院上诉。
第八十七条 澳门特别行政区各级法院的法官﹐根据当地法官﹑律师和知名人士组
成的独立委员会的推荐﹐由行政长官任命。法官的选用以其专业资格为标准﹐符合
标准的外籍法官也可聘用。
法官祇有在无力履行其职责或行为与其所任职务不相称的情况下﹐行政长官才可根
据终审法院院长任命的不少于三名当地法官组成的审议庭的建议﹐予以免职。
终审法院法官的免职由行政长官根据澳门特别行政区立法会议员组成的审议委员会
的建议决定。
终审法院法官的任命和免职须报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
第八十八条 澳门特别行政区各级法院的院长由行政长官从法官中选任。
终审法院院长由澳门特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任。
终审法院院长的任命和免职须报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
第八十九条 澳门特别行政区法官依法进行审判﹐不听从任何命令或指示﹐但本法
第十九条第三款规定的情况除外。
法官履行审判职责的行为不受法律追究。
法官在任职期间﹐不得兼任其它公职或任何私人职务﹐也不得在政治性团体中担任
任何职务。
第九十条 澳门特别行政区检察院独立行使法律赋予的检察职能﹐不受任何干涉。
澳门特别行政区检察长由澳门特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任﹐由行政长
官提名﹐报中央人民政府任命。
检察官经检察长提名﹐由行政长官任命。
检察院的组织﹑职权和运作由法律规定。
第九十一条 原在澳门实行的司法辅助人员的任免制度予以保留。
第九十二条 澳门特别行政区政府可参照原在澳门实行的办法﹐作出有关当地和外
来的律师在澳门特别行政区执业的规定。
第九十三条 澳门特别行政区可与全国其它地区的司法机关通过协商依法进行司法
方面的联系和相互提供协助。
第九十四条 在中央人民政府协助和授权下﹐澳门特别行政区可与外国就司法互助
关系作出适当安排。
第五节
市政机构
第九十五条 澳门特别行政区可设立非政权性的市政机构。市政机构受政府委托为
居民提供文化﹑康乐﹑环境卫生等方面的服务﹐并就有关上述事务向澳门特别行政
区政府提供咨询意见。
第九十六条 市政机构的职权和组成由法律规定。
第六节
公务人员
第九十七条 澳门特别行政区的公务人员必须是澳门特别行政区永久性居民。本法
第九十八条和九十九条规定的公务人员﹐以及澳门特别行政区聘用的某些专业技术
人员和初级公务人员除外。
第九十八条 澳门特别行政区成立时﹐原在澳门任职的公务人员﹐包括警务人员和
司法辅助人员﹐均可留用﹐继续工作﹐其薪金﹑津贴﹑福利待遇不低于原来的标准
﹐原来享有的年资予以保留。
依照澳门原有法律享有退休金和赡养费待遇的留用公务人员﹐在澳门特别行政区成
立后退休的﹐不论其所属国籍或居住地点﹐澳门特别行政区向他们或其家属支付不
低于原来标准的应得的退休金和赡养费。
第九十九条 澳门特别行政区可任用原澳门公务人员中的或持有澳门特别行政区永
久性居民身份证的葡籍和其它外籍人士担任各级公务人员﹐但本法另有规定者除
外。
澳门特别行政区有关部门还可聘请葡籍和其它外籍人士担任顾问和专业技术职务。
上述人员祇能以个人身份受聘﹐并对澳门特别行政区负责。
第一百条 公务人员应根据其本人的资格﹑经验和才能予以任用和提升。澳门原有
关于公务人员的录用﹑纪律﹑提升和正常晋级制度基本不变﹐但得根据澳门社会的
发展加以改进。
第七节
宣誓效忠
第一百零一条 澳门特别行政区行政长官﹑主要官员﹑行政会委员﹑立法会议员﹑
法官和检察官﹐必须拥护中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法﹐尽忠职守﹐廉洁
奉公﹐效忠中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区﹐并依法宣誓。
第一百零二条 澳门特别行政区行政长官﹑主要官员﹑立法会主席﹑终审法院院长
﹑检察长在就职时﹐除按本法第一百零一条的规定宣誓外﹐还必须宣誓效忠中华人
民共和国。
第五章
经 济
第一百零三条 澳门特别行政区依法保护私人和法人财产的取得﹑使用﹑处置和继
承的权利﹐以及依法征用私人和法人财产时被征用财产的所有人得到补偿的权利。
征用财产的补偿应相当于该财产当时的实际价值﹐可自由兑换﹐不得无故迟延支
付。
企业所有权和外来投资均受法律保护。
第一百零四条 澳门特别行政区保持财政独立。
澳门特别行政区财政收入全部由澳门特别行政区自行支配﹐不上缴中央人民政府。
中央人民政府不在澳门特别行政区征税。
第一百零五条 澳门特别行政区的财政预算以量入为出为原则﹐力求收支平衡﹐避
免赤字﹐并与本地生产总值的增长率相适应。
第一百零六条 澳门特别行政区实行独立的税收制度。
澳门特别行政区参照原在澳门实行的低税政策﹐自行立法规定税种﹑税率﹑税收宽
免和其它税务事项。专营税制由法律另作规定。
第一百零七条 澳门特别行政区的货币金融制度由法律规定。
澳门特别行政区政府自行制定货币金融政策﹐保障金融市场和各种金融机构的经营
自由﹐并依法进行管理和监督。
第一百零八条 澳门元为澳门特别行政区的法定货币﹐继续流通。
澳门货币发行权属于澳门特别行政区政府。澳门货币的发行须有百分之百的准备
金。澳门货币的发行制度和准备金制度﹐由法律规定。
澳门特别行政区政府可授权指定银行行使或继续行使发行澳门货币的代理职能。
第一百零九条 澳门特别行政区不实行外汇管制政策。澳门元自由兑换。
澳门特别行政区的外汇储备由澳门特别行政区政府依法管理和支配。
澳门特别行政区政府保障资金的流动和进出自由。
第一百一十条 澳门特别行政区保持自由港地位﹐除法律另有规定外﹐不征收关
税。
第一百一十一条 澳门特别行政区实行自由贸易政策﹐保障货物﹑无形财产和资本
的流动自由。
第一百一十二条 澳门特别行政区为单独的关税地区。
澳门特别行政区可以“中国澳门”的名义参加《关税和贸易总协议》﹑关于国际纺织 品贸易安排等有关国际组织和国际贸易协议﹐包括优惠贸易安排。
澳门特别行政区取得的和以前取得仍继续有效的出口配额﹑关税优惠和其它类似安
排﹐全由澳门特别行政区享有。
第一百一十三条 澳门特别行政区根据当时的产地规则﹐可对产品签发产地来源
证。
第一百一十四条 澳门特别行政区依法保护工商企业的自由经营﹐自行制定工商业
的发展政策。
澳门特别行政区改善经济环境和提供法律保障﹐以促进工商业的发展﹐鼓励投资和
技术进步﹐并开发新产业和新市场。
第一百一十五条 澳门特别行政区根据经济发展的情况﹐自行制定劳工政策﹐完善
劳工法律。
澳门特别行政区设立由政府﹑雇主团体﹑雇员团体的代表组成的咨询性的协调组
织。
第一百一十六条 澳门特别行政区保持和完善原在澳门实行的航运经营和管理体制
﹐自行制定航运政策。
澳门特别行政区经中央人民政府授权可进行船舶登记﹐并依照澳门特别行政区的法
律以“中国澳门”的名义颁发有关证件。
除外国军用船只进入澳门特别行政区须经中央人民政府特别许可外﹐其它船舶可依
照澳门特别行政区的法律进出其港口。
澳门特别行政区的私营的航运及与航运有关的企业和码头可继续自由经营。
第一百一十七条 澳门特别行政区政府经中央人民政府具体授权可自行制定民用航
空的各项管理制度。
第一百一十八条 澳门特别行政区根据本地整体利益自行制定旅游娱乐业的政策。
第一百一十九条 澳门特别行政区政府依法实行环境保护。
第一百二十条 澳门特别行政区依法承认和保护澳门特别行政区成立前已批出或决
定的年期超过一九九九年十二月十九日的合法土地契约和与土地契约有关的一切权
利。
澳门特别行政区成立后新批或续批土地﹐按照澳门特别行政区有关的土地法律及政
策处理。
第六章
文化和社会事务
第一百二十一条 澳门特别行政区政府自行制定教育政策﹐包括教育体制和管理﹑
教学语言﹑经费分配﹑考试制度﹑承认学历和学位等政策﹐推动教育的发展。
澳门特别行政区政府依法推行义务教育。
社会团体和私人可依法举办各种教育事业。
第一百二十二条 澳门原有各类学校均可继续开办。澳门特别行政区各类学校均有
办学的自主性﹐依法享有教学自由和学术自由。
各类学校可以继续从澳门特别行政区以外招聘教职员和选用教材。学生享有选择院
校和在澳门特别行政区以外求学的自由。
第一百二十三条 澳门特别行政区政府自行制定促进医疗
卫生服务和发展中西医药的政策。社会团体和私人可依法提供
各种医疗卫生服务。
第一百二十四条 澳门特别行政区政府自行制定科学技术政策﹐依法保护科学技术
的研究成果﹑专利和发明创造。
澳门特别行政区政府自行确定适用于澳门的各类科学技术标准和规格。
第一百二十五条 澳门特别行政区政府自行制定文化政策﹐包括文学艺术﹑广播﹑
电影﹑电视等政策。
澳门特别行政区政府依法保护作者的文学艺术及其它的创作成果和合法权益。
澳门特别行政区政府依法保护名胜﹑古迹和其它历史文物﹐并保护文物所有者的合
法权益。
第一百二十六条 澳门特别行政区政府自行制定新闻﹑出版政策。
第一百二十七条 澳门特别行政区政府自行制定体育政策。民间体育团体可依法继
续存在和发展。
第一百二十八条 澳门特别行政区政府根据宗教信仰自由的原则﹐不干预宗教组织
的内部事务﹐不干预宗教组织和教徒同澳门以外地区的宗教组织和教徒保持及发展
关系﹐不限制与澳门特别行政区法律没有抵触的宗教活动。
宗教组织可依法开办宗教院校和其它学校﹑医院和福利机构以及提供其它社会服
务。宗教组织开办的学校可以继续提供宗教教育﹐包括开设宗教课程。
宗教组织依法享有财产的取得﹑使用﹑处置﹑继承以及接
受捐献的权利。宗教组织在财产方面的原有权益依法受到保护。
第一百二十九条 澳门特别行政区政府自行确定专业制度﹐根据公平合理的原则﹐
制定有关评审和颁授各种专业和执业资格的办法。
在澳门特别行政区成立以前已经取得专业资格和执业资格者﹐根据澳门特别行政区
的有关规定可保留原有的资格。
澳门特别行政区政府根据有关规定承认在澳门特别行政区成立以前已被承认的专业
和专业团体﹐并可根据社会发展需要﹐经咨询有关方面的意见﹐承认新的专业和专
业团体。
第一百三十条 澳门特别行政区政府在原有社会福利制度的基础上﹐根据经济条件
和社会需要自行制定有关社会福利的发展和改进的政策。
第一百三十一条 澳门特别行政区的社会服务团体﹐在不抵触法律的情况下﹐可以
自行决定其服务方式。
第一百三十二条 澳门特别行政区政府根据需要和可能逐步改善原在澳门实行的对
教育﹑科学﹑技术﹑文化﹑体育﹑康乐﹑医疗卫生﹑社会福利﹑社会工作等方面的
民间组织的资助政策。
第一百三十三条 澳门特别行政区的教育﹑科学﹑技术﹑文化﹑新闻﹑出版﹑体育
﹑康乐﹑专业﹑医疗卫生﹑劳工﹑妇女﹑青年﹑归侨﹑社会福利﹑社会工作等方面
的民间团体和宗教组织同全国其它地区相应的团体和组织的关系﹐以互不隶属﹑互
不干涉﹑互相尊重的原则为基础。
第一百三十四条 澳门特别行政区的教育﹑科学﹑技术﹑文化﹑新闻﹑出版﹑体育
﹑康乐﹑专业﹑医疗卫生﹑劳工﹑妇女﹑青年﹑归侨﹑社会福利﹑社会工作等方
面的民间团体和宗教组织可同世界各国﹑各地区及国际的有关团体和组织保持和发
展关系﹐各该团体和组织可根据需要冠用 “中国澳门”的名义﹐参与有关活动。
第七章
对外事务
第一百三十五条 澳门特别行政区政府的代表﹐可作为中华人民共和国政府代表团
的成员﹐参加由中央人民政府进行的同澳门特别行政区直接有关的外交谈判。
第一百三十六条 澳门特别行政区可在经济﹑贸易﹑金融﹑航运﹑通讯﹑旅游﹑文
化﹑科技﹑体育等适当领域以“中国澳门”的名义﹐单独地同世界各国﹑各地区及有 关国际组织保持和发展关系﹐签订和履行有关协议。
第一百三十七条 对以国家为单位参加的﹑同澳门特别行政区有关的﹑适当领域的
国际组织和国际会议﹐澳门特别行政区政府可派遣代表作为中华人民共和国代表团
的成员或以中央人民政府和上述有关国际组织或国际会议允许的身份参加﹐并以
“中国澳门”的名义发表意见。
澳门特别行政区可以“中国澳门”的名义参加不以国家为单位参加的国际组织和国际 会议。
对中华人民共和国已参加而澳门也以某种形式参加的国际组织﹐中央人民政府将根
据情况和澳门特别行政区的需要采取措施﹐使澳门特别行政区以适当形式继续保持
在这些组织中的地位。
对中华人民共和国尚未参加而澳门已以某种形式参加的国际组织﹐中央人民政府将
根据情况和需要使澳门特别行政区以适当形式继续参加这些组织。
第一百三十八条 中华人民共和国缔结的国际协议﹐中央人民政府可根据情况和澳
门特别行政区的需要﹐在征询澳门特别行政区政府的意见后﹐决定是否适用于澳门
特别行政区。
中华人民共和国尚未参加但已适用于澳门的国际协议仍可继续适用。中央人民政府
根据情况和需要授权或协助澳门特别行政区政府作出适当安排﹐使其它与其有关的
国际协议适用于澳门特别行政区。
第一百三十九条 中央人民政府授权澳门特别行政区政府依照法律给持有澳门特别
行政区永久性居民身份证的中国公民签发中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区护照﹐
给在澳门特别行政区的其它合法居留者签发中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区的其它
旅行证件。上述护照和旅行证件﹐前往各国和各地区有效﹐并载明持有人有返回
澳门特别行政区的权利。
对世界各国或各地区的人入境﹑逗留和离境﹐澳门特别行政区政府可实行出入境管
制。
第一百四十条 中央人民政府协助或授权澳门特别行政区政府同有关国家和地区谈
判和签订互免签证协议。
第一百四十一条 澳门特别行政区可根据需要在外国设立官方或半官方的经济和贸
易机构﹐报中央人民政府备案。
第一百四十二条 外国在澳门特别行政区设立领事机构或其它官方﹑半官方机构﹐
须经中央人民政府批准。
已同中华人民共和国建立正式外交关系的国家在澳门设立的领事机构和其它官方机
构﹐可予保留。
尚未同中华人民共和国建立正式外交关系的国家在澳门设立的领事机构和其它官方
机构﹐可根据情况予以保留或改为半官方机构。
尚未为中华人民共和国承认的国家﹐祇能在澳门特别行政区设立民间机构。
第八章
本法的解释和修改
第一百四十三条 本法的解释权属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会授权澳门特别行政区法院在审理案件时对本法关于澳
门特别行政区自治范围内的条款自行解释。
澳门特别行政区法院在审理案件时对本法的其它条款也可解释。但如澳门特别行政
区法院在审理案件时需要对本法关于中央人民政府管理的事务或中央和澳门特别
行政区关系的条款进行解释﹐而该条款的解释又影响到案件的判决﹐在对该案件作
出不可上诉的终局判决前﹐应由澳门特别行政区终审法院提请全国人民代表大会
常务委员会对有关条款作出解释。如全国人民代表大会常务委员会作出解释﹐澳门
特别行政区法院在引用该条款时﹐应以全国人民代表大会常务委员会的解释为
准。但在此以前作出的判决不受影响。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会在对本法进行解释前﹐征询其所属的澳门特别行政区
基本法委员会的意见。
第一百四十四条 本法的修改权属于全国人民代表大会。
本法的修改提案权属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会﹑国务院和澳门特别行政区。
澳门特别行政区的修改议案﹐须经澳门特别行政区的全国人民代表大会代表三分
之二多数﹑澳门特别行政区立法会全体议员三分之二多数和澳门特别行政区行政长
官同意后﹐交由澳门特别行政区出席全国人民代表大会的代表团向全国人民代表
大会提出。
本法的修改议案在列入全国人民代表大会的议程前﹐先由澳门特别行政区基本法委
员会研究并提出意见。
本法的任何修改﹐均不得同中华人民共和国对澳门既定的基本方针政策相抵触。
第九章
附 则
第一百四十五条 澳门特别行政区成立时﹐澳门原有法律除由全国人民代表大会常
务委员会宣布为同本法抵触者外﹐采用为澳门特别行政区法律﹐如以后发现有的法
律与本法抵触﹐可依照本法规定和法定程序修改或停止生效。
根据澳门原有法律取得效力的文件﹑证件﹑契约及其所包含的权利和义务﹐在不抵
触本法的前提下继续有效﹐受澳门特别行政区的承认和保护。
原澳门政府所签订的有效期超过一九九九年十二月十九日的契约﹐除中央人民政府
授权的机构已公开宣布为不符合中葡联合声明关于过渡时期安排的规定﹐须经澳门
特别行政区政府重新审查者外﹐继续有效。
附件一 澳门特别行政区 行政长官的产生办法
一﹑行政长官由一个具有广泛代表性的选举委员会依照本法选出﹐由中央人民政府
任命。
二﹑选举委员会委员共 300 人﹐由下列各界人士组成﹕
工商﹑金融界 100 人
文化﹑教育﹑专业等界 80 人
劳工﹑社会服务﹑宗教等界 80 人
立法会议员的代表﹑市政机构成员的
代表﹑澳门地区全国人大代表﹑澳门
地区全国政协委员的代表
40 人
选举委员会每届任期五年。
三﹑各个界别的划分﹐以及每个界别中何种组织可以产生选举委员会委员的名额﹐
由澳门特别行政区根据民主﹑开放的原则制定选举法加以规定。
各界别法定团体根据选举法规定的分配名额和选举办法自行选出选举委员会委员。
选举委员会委员以个人身份投票。
四﹑不少于５０名的选举委员会委员可联合提名行政长官候选人。每名委员祇可提
出一名候选人。
五﹑选举委员会根据提名的名单﹐经一人一票无记名投票选出行政长官候任人。具
体选举办法由选举法规定。
六﹑第一任行政长官按照《全国人民代表大会关于澳门特别行政区第一届政府﹑立
法会和司法机关产生办法的决定》产生。
七﹑二零零九年及以后行政长官的产生办法如需修改﹐须经立法会全体议员三分之
二多数通过﹐行政长官同意﹐并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准。
附件二 澳门特别行政区立法会的产生办法
一﹑澳门特别行政区第一届立法会按照《全国人民代表大会关于澳门特别行政区第
一届政府﹑立法会和司法机关产生办法的决定》产生。
第二届立法会由 27 人组成﹐其中﹕
直接选举的议员 10 人
间接选举的议员 10 人
委任的议员 7 人
第三届及以后各届立法会由 29 人组成﹐其中﹕
直接选举的议员 12 人
间接选举的议员 10 人
委任的议员 7 人
二﹑议员的具体选举办法﹐由澳门特别行政区政府提出并经立法会通过的选举法加
以规定。
三﹑二零零九年及以后澳门特别行政区立法会的产生办法如需修改﹐须经立法会全
体议员三分之二多数通过﹐行政长官同意﹐并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备
案。
附件三 在澳门特别行政区实施的全国性法律
下列全国性法律﹐自一九九九年十二月二十日起由澳门特别行政区在当地公布或立
法实施。
一﹑《关于中华人民共和国国都﹑纪年﹑国歌﹑国旗的决议》；
二﹑《关于中华人民共和国国庆日的决议》；
三﹑《中华人民共和国国籍法》；
四﹑《中华人民共和国外交特权与豁免条例》；
五﹑《中华人民共和国领事特权与豁免条例》；
六﹑《中华人民共和国国旗法》；
七﹑《中华人民共和国国徽法》；
八﹑《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》；
九、《中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法》；
十、《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区驻军法》。
全国人民代表大会关于《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法》 的决定
（1993 年 3 月 31 日第八届 全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过）
第八届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本
法》﹐包括附件一：《澳门特别行政区行政长官的产生办法》﹐附件二：《澳门
特别行政区立法会的产生办法》﹐附件三:《在澳门特别行政区实施的全国性法 律》﹐以及澳门特别行政区区旗和区徽图案。《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十一
条规定：“国家在必要时得设立特别行政区。在特别行政区内实行的制度按照具体 情况由全国人民代表大会以法律规定。”澳门特别行政区基本法是根据《中华人民 共和国宪法》按照澳门的具体情况制定的﹐是符合宪法的。澳门特别行政区设立后
实行的制度﹑政策和法律﹐以澳门特别行政区基本法为依据。
《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法》自１９９９年１２月２０日起实施。
-- 全国人民代表大会关于设立中华人民共和国 澳门特别行政区的决定
（1993 年 3 月 31 日第八届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过）
第八届全国人民代表大会第一次会议根据《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十一条和第
六十二条第十三项的规定﹐决定:
一﹑自１９９９年１２月２０日起设立澳门特别行政区。
二﹑澳门特别行政区的区域包括澳门半岛﹑凼仔岛和路环岛。澳门特别行政区的行
政区域图由国务院另行公布。
--全国人民代表大会关于 澳门特别行政区第一届政府﹑立法会和司法机关产生办 法的决定（1993 年 3 月 31 日第八届 全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过）
一﹑澳门特别行政区第一届政府﹑立法会和司法机关根据体现国家主权﹑平稳过渡
的原则产生。
二﹑全国人民代表大会设立澳门特别行政区筹备委员会﹐负责筹备成立澳门特别行
政区的有关事宜﹐根据本决定规定第一届政府﹑立法会和司法机关的具体产生办
法。筹备委员会由内地委员和不少于百分之五十的澳门委员组成﹐主任委员和委员
由全国人民代表大会常务委员会委任。
三﹑澳门特别行政区筹备委员会负责筹组澳门特别行政区第一届政府推选委员会
（以下简称推选委员会）。
推选委员会全部由澳门永久性居民组成﹐必须具有广泛代表性﹐成员包括澳门地区
全国人民代表大会代表﹑澳门地区全国政协委员的代表﹑澳门特别行政区成立前曾
在澳门行政﹑立法﹑咨询机构任职并有实际经验的人士和各阶层﹑界别中具有代表
性的人士。
推选委员会由 200 人组成﹐其中﹕
工商﹑金融界 60 人
文化﹑教育﹑专业等界 50 人
劳工﹑社会服务﹑宗教等界 50 人
原政界人士﹑澳门地区全国人 40 人
大代表﹑澳门地区全国政协委员的代表
四﹑推选委员会在当地通过协商或协商后提名选举的方式﹐产生第一任行政长官的
人选﹐报中央人民政府任命。第一任行政长官的任期与正常任期相同。
五﹑第一届澳门特别行政区政府由澳门特别行政区行政长官依照澳门特别行政区基
本法规定负责筹组。
六﹑澳门特别行政区第一届立法会由２３人组成﹐其中直接选举产生议员８人﹐间
接选举产生议员８人﹐行政长官委任议员７人。原澳门最后一届立法会的组成如
符合本决定和澳门特别行政区基本法的有关规定﹐其中由选举产生的议员如拥护中
华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法﹑愿意效忠中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区
并符合澳门特别行政区基本法规定条件者﹐经澳门特别行政区筹备委员会确认﹐即
可成为澳门特别行政区第一届立法会议员。如有议员缺额﹐由澳门特别行政区筹
备委员会决定补充。
澳门特别行政区第一届立法会议员的任期至二零零一年十月十五日。
七﹑澳门特别行政区法院由澳门特别行政区筹备委员会依照澳门特别行政区基本法
负责筹组。
--全国人民代表大会关于批准澳门特别行政区基本法起草委员会关于设立 全国人 民代表大会 常务委员会 澳门特别行政区基本法委员会 的建议的决定
（1993 年 3 月 31 日第八届 全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过）
第八届全国人民代表大会第一次会议决定:
一﹑批准澳门特别行政区基本法起草委员会关于设立全国人民代表大会常务委员会
澳门特别行政区基本法委员会的建议。
二﹑在《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法》实施时﹐设立全国人民代表大会
常务委员会澳门特别行政区基本法委员会。
-- 附澳门特别行政区基本法起草委员会关于设立全国人民代表大会常务委员会澳 门特别行政区 基本法委员会的建议
一﹑名称﹕全国人民代表大会常务委员会澳门特别行政区基本法委员会。
二﹑隶属关系﹕是全国人民代表大会常务委员会下设的工作委员会。
三﹑任务﹕就有关澳门特别行政区基本法第十七条﹑第十八条﹑第一百四十三条﹑
第一百四十四条实施中的问题进行研究﹐并向全国人民代表大会常务委员会提供意
见。
四﹑组成﹕成员十人﹐由全国人民代表大会常务委员会任命内地和澳门人士各五人
组成﹐其中包括法律界人士﹐任期五年。澳门委员须由在外国无居留权的澳门特
别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民担任﹐由澳门特别行政区行政长官﹑立法会主席
和终审法院院长联合提名﹐报全国人民代表大会常务委员会任命。
-- 中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区区旗图案
-- 中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区区徽图案