Patents Act
Passed 16 March 1994
(RT1 I 1994, 25, 406; consolidated text RT I 1998, 74, 1227),
amended by the following Acts:
10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141;
29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106;
05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336;
14.11.2001 entered into force 01.02.2002 - RT I 2001, 93, 565;
21.02.2001 entered into force 21.03.2001 - RT I 2001, 27, 151;
27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764;
25.11.98 entered into force 21.12.98 - RT I 1998, 107, 1768.
Chapter I
General Provisions
§ 1. Purpose of Act
This Act regulates the relations which arise in connection with the legal protection of
patentable inventions (hereinafter patent protection) in the Republic of Estonia.
§ 2. Legal acts providing for patent protection
Patent protection is provided for by this Act, other Acts and regulations issued by the
Government of the Republic or Ministers on the basis of and for the implementation of
such Acts.
(26.06.96 entered into force 26.07.96 - RT I 1996, 49, 953)
§ 3. Equality of rights and obligations of natural and legal persons of the Republic of
Estonia and of foreign states
The rights and obligations prescribed in this Act apply equally to natural and legal
persons of the Republic of Estonia and of foreign states (hereinafter persons) unless the
legislation of the Republic of Estonia or international agreements ratified by the
Riigikogu2 provide otherwise.
§ 4. Application of international agreements
If this Act is contrary to an international agreement, the provisions of the international
agreement apply.
Chapter II
Patent Protection and Patentability
§ 5. Patent protection
(1) Inventions of any field of technology may be protected by a patent if the
invention complies with the criteria of patentability provided for in § 8 of this Act and is
considered to be unpatentable pursuant to the provisions of § 7.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(2) An invention is granted patent protection upon registration of the invention in the
register of patents. The registration of an invention in the register of patents is deemed to
be the issue of a patent.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(3) Medicinal products and plant protection products which contain an active
substance protected by a patent may be granted supplementary legal protection
(hereinafter supplementary protection) under the conditions and pursuant to the procedure
provided for in Chapter VIII1 of this Act.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 6. Subject of invention
(1) The subject of an invention may be a device, process, material, including
biological material, or a combination thereof.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(2) The following, inter alia, shall not be regarded as the subject of inventions:
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
1) discoveries, including descriptions of the formation or development of the human
body or sequence or partial sequence of human gene, scientific theories and mathematical
methods;
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
2) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts or doing business;
3) design documentation for and plans of constructions, buildings or areas;
4) symbols;
5) algorithms for computers and computer programs;
6) designs;
7) presentations of information;
8) plant and animal varieties;
9) layout-designs of integrated circuits.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(3) For the purposes of this Act, “biological material” means any material, including
micro-organisms, which contains genetic information and is capable of reproducing itself
or being reproduced in a biological system.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 7. Unpatentable inventions
(1) The following shall not be protected by a patent:
1) inventions which are contrary to public order and morality;
2) methods of treatment and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal
body;
3) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
4) (Repealed - 16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(2) The following biotechnological inventions shall not be protected by a patent:
1) processes for cloning human beings;
2) processes for modifying the germ line genetic identity of human beings;
3) uses of human embryos for commercial purposes, including processes prohibited
by the Artificial Insemination and Embryo Protection Act (RT I 1997, 51, 824; 2003, 18,
102);
4) processes for modifying the genetic identity of animals which are likely to cause
them suffering without any substantial benefit to man or animal, and animals resulting
from such processes;
5) essentially biological processes for the derivation of biological materials or the
production of plant or animal varieties, except microbiological processes for the
derivation of micro-organisms;
6) inventions the application of which is confined to a single plant or animal variety.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(3) For the purposes of this Act, “essentially biological process for the derivation of a
biological material or production of plant or animal varieties” means a process which
consists entirely of natural phenomena, including crossing and selection.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(4) For the purposes of this Act, “microbiological process” means any process
involving or performed upon or resulting in microbiological material.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 71. Classification of inventions
Inventions are classified according to the international patent classification adopted under
the Strasbourg Agreement concerning the International Patent Classification (RT II 1996,
4, 15).
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
§ 8. Criteria of patentability
(1) An invention is patentable if it is new, involves an inventive step and is
susceptible to industrial application.
(2) An invention shall be considered to be new if it does not form part of the state of
the art. The state of the art shall be held to comprise everything made available to the
public by means of written or oral description, by use, or in any other way, in any part of
the world before the filing date of the patent application or before the date of priority if
priority is claimed. In determining novelty, the content of patent applications and the
content of registration applications of utility models which were filed with the Patent
Office earlier pursuant to the Utility Models Act (RT I 1994, 25, 407; 2000, 60, 388;
2001, 27, 151; 2002, 53, 336; 63, 387; 2003, 18, 106; 88, 594; 2004, 20, 141) shall also
be taken into consideration according to their filing dates or, if priority is claimed, dates
of priority provided that the patent applications are published pursuant to § 24 of this Act
and registration applications of utility models are published pursuant to § 33 of the Utility
Models Act.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(3) In determining the state of the art, any information relating to an invention is not
taken into consideration, provided that a corresponding request is submitted, if such
information is disclosed by a person who is entitled to the patent pursuant to § 12 of this
Act or another person with the knowledge of the said person within twelve months before
the filing date of the first patent application or registration application of a utility model
containing the invention in the Republic of Estonia or abroad. The request shall be filed
together with the patent application or not later than two months before the publication of
the patent application pursuant to § 24. If another person acquired the information
unlawfully or the information was published unlawfully or without the knowledge of the
person who has the right to apply for the patent, the request may be filed in the course of
the examination of the patent application or in case the patent is contested. Evidence
supporting the request shall be appended to the request.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(4) An invention shall be considered as involving an inventive step if, having regard
to the state of the art, it is not obvious to a person skilled in the art.
(5) An invention shall be considered as susceptible to industrial application if it can
be manufactured or used in economy.
§ 9. Unity of invention
(1) Patent protection for only one invention or a group of inventions so linked as to
form a single general inventive concept can be applied for in a patent application.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(2) If a patent application contains several inventions, the applicant may separate the
inventions from the patent application during the processing of the patent application and
file separate patent applications pursuant to §§ 19 and 20 of this Act. The filing date of
the initial patent application shall be deemed to be the filing date of any separate patent
applications filed for separated inventions (hereinafter separated patent application) if the
invention corresponds to the subject matter of the invention as disclosed in the initial
patent application. Separated patent applications may be filed up to six months after
termination of the processing of the patent application pursuant to § 28 or completion of
the processing of the patent application pursuant to § 31.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(3) If patent claims contain several inventions not forming a single general inventive
concept, the applicant shall separate the inventions which violate the requirement of unity
from the patent application at the request of the Patent Office within the term set by the
Patent Office. Subsection (2) of this section applies to separated inventions.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 10. Scope of patent protection and patent claims
(1) The scope and content of patent protection shall be determined by the wording of
patent claims. The wording of patent claims shall be interpreted based on the level of
knowledge of a person skilled in the art at the time of filing the patent application. The
description, drawings and other illustrative material shall be used to interpret the wording
of patent claims.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(2) Patent claims shall define the subject matter of the invention, for which patent
protection is applied, in words in a clear, concise and short manner. In patent claims, the
subject matter of an invention shall be presented as a set of essential features of the
invention. Patent claims consist of one or several claims.
(3) Patent claims consist of independent and dependent claims. Patent claims shall
not contain more than one independent claim with regard to one invention, unless:
1) the invention consists of several products grouped together, or
2) the apparatus or product is used for various purposes, or
3) such alternative solutions to the technical problem exist as not to allow the
subject-matter of the invention to be covered by a single claim.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(4) Where the derogations referred to in subsection (3) of this section apply, the
requirement of unity of invention must be met.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(5) The abstract of the subject matter of an invention has no legal effect upon
disclosing the subject matter of the invention or determining the scope of patent
protection. The abstract shall merely serve for use upon disclosing technical information
concerning the invention.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 11. Priority
(1) Priority is the preferential right of the person who files the first patent application
or registration application of a utility model or the legal successor of such person to apply
for patent protection for an invention. The filing date of the first patent application or
registration application of a utility model shall be considered to be the date of priority.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(2) If a patent application is filed with the Patent Office within twelve months after
the filing date of the first patent application or registration application of a utility model
and priority is claimed, priority may be established:
1) on the basis of the filing date of the first patent application or registration
application of a utility model in any State party to the Paris Convention of the Protection
of Industrial Property (RT II 1994, 4/5, 19) or member of the World Trade Organisation;
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
2) on the basis of the filing date of the first patent application or registration
application of a utility model in a state which is not a State party to the Paris Convention
for the Protection of Industrial Property or in a state which is not member of the World
Trade Organisation if such state guarantees equivalent conditions for first patent
applications and registration applications of utility models filed in the Republic of
Estonia.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(3) Priority for a patent application filed on the basis of corrections and amendments
to an earlier patent application which alter the subject matter of the invention may be
established, if priority is claimed, based on the filing date of such corrections and
amendments with the Patent Office.
(4) Priority for a patent application which is separated from an earlier patent
application pursuant to subsection 9 (2) or (3) of this Act may be established, if priority is
claimed, on the basis of the date of priority of the earlier patent application.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(5) If priority is claimed, priority may be established for a patent application filed
with the Patent Office within twelve months by the same applicant for the same invention
on the basis of the filing date of an earlier patent application or registration application of
a utility model, provided that the earlier patent application or registration application of a
utility model has not been published and priority has not been claimed on the basis
thereof for some other patent application or registration application of a utility model. If
an earlier patent application is being processed, the earlier patent application is deemed to
be withdrawn.
(6) If priority is claimed, priority may be established on the basis of the filing dates
of several patent applications or registration applications of utility models filed earlier. In
the case of several patent applications or registration applications of utility models filed
earlier, the twelve-month term specified in subsection (2) or (5) of this section shall be
calculated as of the earliest date of priority.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(61) If priority is claimed, priority for a patent application filed with the Patent Office
after expiry of the twelve-month term specified in subsection (2) or (5) of this section
may be established on the basis of the filing date of a first patent application or
registration application of a utility model pursuant to subsection (2) or (5) of this section
if:
1) the reasons for the failure to comply with the abovementioned term are appended
to the priority claim;
2) the reasons stated pursuant to clause 1) of this subsection prove that the failure to
file the application within the term was unintentional;
3) the patent application was filed within two months from the date on which the
abovementioned term expired.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(7) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
Chapter III
Right to Apply for Patent
§ 12. Right to patent
(1) The right to apply for a patent and to become the proprietor of a patent is vested
in the author of the invention and a legal successor of the author.
(2) If an invention is created in the performance of contractual obligations or duties
of employment, the right to apply for a patent and to become the proprietor of the patent
is vested in the author or other person pursuant to the contract or employment contract,
unless otherwise prescribed by the legislation of the country of the residence or seat of
the applicant.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(3) Any person who pursuant to §§ 1 and 2 of this Act has the right to apply for a
patent may transfer such right to another person.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(4) The right to apply for a patent shall transfer to a legal successor.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(5) If two or more persons apply for a patent regarding the same invention
independently of each other, the right to apply for a patent is vested in the person who is
indicated as the applicant in the patent application which has been filed earlier or which
has an earlier date of priority provided that such patent application has not been
withdrawn prior to publication pursuant to this Act or the Patent Office has not rejected
the patent application or deemed the patent application to be withdrawn.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 13. Author of invention
(1) The author of an invention (hereinafter author) is a natural person who has
created an invention as a result of his or her inventing activities.
(2) If an invention is created as a result of the joint inventing activities of several
natural persons, such persons are joint authors.
(3) In the case of joint authorship, all rights arising from the authorship are exercised
by the authors jointly, including the right to apply for a patent and to become the
proprietor of the patent, unless they have entered into a written agreement which
prescribes otherwise.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(4) (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(5) (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(6) Authorship is inalienable and unspecified in term.
(7) An author has the right to a pseudonym and he or she may:
1) request the disclosure of his or her name as the author;
2) prohibit the disclosure of his or her name as the author;
3) revoke at any time the prohibition to disclose his or her name.
(8) An author has the right to receive fair proceeds from the profit received from the
invention.
(9) The proprietary rights of an author are transferable and inheritable.
§ 131. Representation in performance of procedures related to patent protection
(1) Procedures related to patent protection shall be performed in the Patent Office
and in the Industrial Property Board of Appeal (hereinafter Board of Appeal) by
interested persons or patent agents who are expressly authorised by the interested persons
and who have been awarded patent agent qualifications for operation in the area of
inventions pursuant to the Patent Agents Act (RT I 2001, 27, 151; 93, 565; 2002, 53, 336;
2003, 88, 594). An interested person or patent agent may involve, at own expense, an
interpreter or adviser without the right of representation in oral proceedings in the Patent
Office or in the Board of Appeal.
(2) A person whose residence or seat is not located in the Republic of Estonia shall
authorise a patent agent as the person’s representative for the performance of procedures
related to patent protection in the Patent Office and in the Board of Appeal, except filing
of a patent application, filing of a request for acceptance of an international application
for national processing specified in subsection 33 (1) of this Act and payment of all the
state fees specified in this Act.
(3) If procedures related to patent protection are performed in the Patent Office or in
the Board of Appeal by several persons together, they may authorise a patent agent as
their representative or choose a representative from among themselves (hereinafter joint
representative) whose residence or seat is in the Republic of Estonia. A joint
representative has the right to perform all procedures related to the processing of a patent
application in the name of the applicants, except transfer of the patent application.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
Chapter IV
Patent Rights
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 14. Proprietor of patent
(1) The proprietor of a patent is the person in respect of whom the last entry as the
proprietor of the patent has been made in the register of patents.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(2) The proprietor of a patent has exclusive right to the invention protected by the
patent. Only the proprietor of a patent has the right to exercise rights arising from the
patent and to prohibit other persons from exercising those rights.
(21) The proprietor of a patent may transfer or surrender the rights of the proprietor of
the patent in full or in part to another person or to pledge the patent pursuant to the
procedure provided by this Act. Patent rights may be transferred to a legal successor of
the proprietor of the patent, provided that the registration in the register of patents is
valid.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(3) The exclusive right of the proprietor of a patent may only be restricted by this Act
or the rights of other persons.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 15. Exclusive right of proprietor of patent
(1) The exclusive right of the proprietor of a patent means that during the period of
validity of the patent and without the permission of the proprietor of the patent no person
shall:
1) (Repealed - 27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
2) manufacture, use, distribute, sell or offer for sale products protected by the patent
or acquire (incl. by way of importation) such products for the aforementioned purposes;
3) manufacture, sell or offer for sale components which form a significant part of the
product protected by the patent or acquire and export such components for the
manufacture or preparation of the product, except if the components are other
independent products;
4) use or offer for use to third persons the patented process;
5) use, distribute, sell or offer for sale a product manufactured according to the
patented process or to acquire (including by way of importation) such products for the
aforementioned purposes.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(2) In the case of products manufactured according to a patented process, the
manufacture, use, distribution, sale, offering for sale or acquisition (including by way of
importation) for the aforementioned purposes of a similar product without the
authorisation of the proprietor of the patent is considered an infringement of the exclusive
right of the proprietor of the patent unless it is proved that the similar product is
manufactured according to a different process.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
§ 151. Extension of exclusive right of proprietor of patent
(1) In the case of a patented biological material, the exclusive right of the proprietor
of the patent shall extend to any biological material derived from that biological material
through propagation or multiplication in an identical or divergent form and possessing the
same characteristics.
(2) In the case of a biological material produced according to a patented process, the
exclusive right of the proprietor of the patent shall extend to any biological material
derived from the biological material obtained through the patented process through
propagation or multiplication in an identical or divergent form and possessing the same
characteristics.
(3) In the case of an invention containing genetic information, the exclusive right of
the proprietor of the patent shall extend to all biological material in which the invention is
incorporated and which performs its function according to the said genetic information,
except the human body and parts thereof.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 16. Acts which do not constitute infringement of exclusive right of proprietor of patent
The following acts do not constitute infringement of the exclusive right of the proprietor
of a patent:
1) the use of the patented invention on board of ships of other states (within the hull,
machinery, rigging, radio-navigation equipment or other equipment) if such ships are
temporarily or accidentally in the waters of the Republic of Estonia and the invention is
used solely for the purposes of the ship;
2) the use of the patented invention within the construction or auxiliary equipment
of aircraft or land vehicles of other countries, or in the operation of the vehicles or
equipment if such vehicles are temporarily or accidentally in the Republic of Estonia;
3) the use of the patented invention in testing related to the invention itself;
4) the single preparation of a medicinal product containing the patented invention on
the basis of a prescription in a pharmacy and the use of such medicinal product;
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
5) the private non-commercial use of the patented invention if such use does not
harm the interests of the proprietor of the patent;
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
6) the use, distribution, sale or offer for sale in the Republic of Estonia of the
patented invention by the proprietor of the patent or with the proprietor’s consent;
7) the propagation or multiplication of biological material placed on the market by
the proprietor of the patent or with the proprietor’s consent, where the multiplication or
propagation necessarily results from the application for which the biological material was
marketed, provided that the biological material obtained is not subsequently used for
other propagation or multiplication.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 17. Right of prior use
(1) A person who, prior to the filing of a patent application for an invention by
another person, has, in good faith and independently of the applicant, used the same
invention for industrial application in the Republic of Estonia, may continue to use the
invention retaining the same general nature of application. Use is in good faith unless the
user knew or should have known that the filing of a patent application for the invention
was intended.
(2) The right of prior use also belongs to a person who has, in good faith, made
serious preparations for the industrial application of an invention in the Republic in
Estonia.
(3) The right of prior use can only be transferred to another person together with the
enterprise with regard to which the right of prior use is established or in which it was
intended to be used.
§ 171. Exhaustion of rights
The proprietor of a patent has no right to prohibit acquisition (including import), use,
distribution, sale or offer for sale of a product containing the patented invention when the
product has been put on the market in the territory of the Republic of Estonia or a State
party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area by the proprietor of the patent or
with the proprietor’s consent.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 18. Provisional protection
(1) An invention shall be granted provisional protection as of the filing date of a
patent application until the publication date of the notice of issue of the patent.
(2) Other persons who commence or continue use of an invention after the
publication of a patent application prescribed in § 24 of this Act are deemed, after the
publication date of the notice of issue of the patent, to infringe the exclusive right of the
proprietor of the patent unless such persons have right of prior use pursuant to § 17 of
this Act.
(3) Other persons who commence use of an invention during the period between the
filing date of the patent application and the publication date of the patent application are
not deemed to infringe the exclusive right of the proprietor of the patent unless the person
knew or should have known that a patent application is filed with regard to the invention
or the applicant notified the person in writing of the filing of the patent application before
the publication of the patent application by the Patent Office. Other persons whom an
applicant notifies of the filing of the patent application are deemed, after the publication
date of the notice of issue of the patent, to infringe the exclusive right of the proprietor of
the patent as of the date of receipt of the notice concerning the filing of patent application
unless such persons have the right of prior use pursuant to § 17 of this Act.
(4) The scope of provisional protection shall be determined by the terms of patent
claims included in a published patent application. After the issue of a patent, the scope of
provisional protection shall be specified according to the patent claims of the patent
issued.
Chapter V
Patent Application and Processing Thereof
§ 19. Patent application
(1) A patent application shall include the following documents:
1) a request for the grant of a patent which contains a request to be granted the
patent, information concerning the applicant and author and the name of the invention;
2) a description of the invention in which the invention must be disclosed in a
sufficiently clear and concise manner which enables a person skilled in the art to make
the invention;
3) patent claims consisting of one or several claims;
4) drawings or other illustrative material (hereinafter drawings) referred to in the
description of the invention or patent claims;
5) an abstract of the subject matter of the invention.
(2) The following documents shall be annexed to a patent application:
1) an authorisation document if the patent application is filed via a patent agent;
2) documents certifying the priority claim, unless a specification specified in § 201
of this Act applies;
3) a document certifying the deposit of a biological material, including micro-
organism strain, if the subject of the invention is a biological material or the invention
requires the use of a biological material and if the said biological material is not available
to the public and it cannot be described in the description of the invention in a manner
which would enable a person skilled in the art to make the invention.
(3) If the applicant is not the author, the applicant shall declare, in the request for the
grant of a patent or another document annexed to the patent application, the legal basis of
the right to apply for the patent as specified in § 12 of this Act.
(4) Detailed requirements relating to the form and contents of documents included in
patent applications (hereinafter form and contents) shall be established by the Minister of
Economic Affairs and Communications. The Minister of Economic Affairs and
Communications shall establish:
1) the structure of documents and information that each structural part must contain;
2) the data medium on which documents must be submitted;
3) national and international standards applied to documents and the format of
information contained therein.
(5) Patent applications shall be filed in Estonian. The name of the invention in the
request for the grant of a patent and the abstract of the subject matter of the invention
shall be submitted in Estonian and English.
(6) The Patent Office has the right to request the submission of the Estonian
translation of any foreign language document included in a patent application, document
annexed to a patent application or document submitted in the course of processing within
a term of two months, unless a different term is provided by this Act.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 20. Filing of patent applications
(1) Patent applications shall be filed with the Patent Office.
(2) A state fee for the filing of a patent application shall be paid within two months
as of the filing date of the patent application. The specified term for the payment of the
state fee shall not be extended or restored.
(3) If patent claims containing more than ten claims are filed, a supplementary state
fee shall be paid for each claim starting with the eleventh claim.
(4) The procedure for filing patent applications shall be established by the Minister
of Economic Affairs and Communications.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 201. Filing, correction or addition of priority claim
(1) Priority shall be claimed upon filing of a patent application or within sixteen
months from the date of priority.
(2) Documents certifying the priority claim shall be filed together with the patent
application or submitted to the Patent Office within sixteen months from the date of
priority.
(3) Documents certifying the priority claim need not be submitted if priority is
claimed on the basis of a first patent application or registration application of a utility
model in the Republic of Estonia.
(4) Documents certifying the priority claim need not be submitted if priority is
claimed on the basis of a first patent application or registration application of a utility
model filed abroad and published in a digital database to which the Patent Office has
unrestricted access free of charge.
(5) A list of countries to which subsection (4) of this section applies shall be
published in the official gazette of the Patent Office.
(6) Translations of foreign language documents certifying the priority claim shall be
submitted at the request of the Patent Office pursuant to the provisions of subsection 23
(2) of this Act.
(7) A priority claim may be corrected or added within sixteen months from the date
of priority. Where the correction or addition would cause a change in the date of priority,
the sixteen-month period shall be calculated from the date of priority as so changed.
(8) A priority claim shall not be added or corrected if the patent application has been
published pursuant to subsection 24 (2) of this Act or technical preparations for the
publication of the patent application have been completed.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 21. Establishment and change of filing date of patent application
(1) The Patent Office shall establish as the filing date of a patent application the date
on which the Patent Office has received all of the following elements in a set of
documents:
1) a request for the grant of a patent in Estonian or another express indication to the
effect that the documents are intended to be a patent application;
2) indications allowing the identity of the applicant to be established or allowing the
applicant to be contacted by the Patent Office;
3) a document which on the face of it appears to be a description of the invention.
(2) Instead of the document referred to in clause (1) 3) of this section, the following
information concerning the first patent application or registration application of a utility
model with regard to the same invention may be submitted:
1) number;
2) filing date;
3) the state or international organisation where the first patent application or
registration application of a utility model was filed. If the first patent application or
registration application of a utility model is in a foreign language, the applicant shall
submit the Estonian translation of the description of the invention and patent claims
within the term set by the Patent Office but not later than within sixteen months from the
filing date of the first patent application or registration application of a utility model.
(3) The Patent Office shall determine the filing date of a patent application separated
pursuant to subsection 9 (2) or (3) of this Act as the filing date of the earlier patent
application provided that the separated patent application is filed in compliance with the
term specified in subsection 9 (2) and the set of documents received contains at least the
elements of a patent application as listed in subsection (1) of this section.
(4) Where, upon review of the documents received, the Patent Office finds that an
element of the patent application listed in subsection (1) of this section is missing from
the set of documents, the Patent Office shall notify the person who filed the patent
application accordingly and set a term for the elimination of deficiencies.
(5) The Patent Office does not have the obligation to give notice of deficiencies as
specified in subsection (4) of this section if the missing element of the patent application
is the information referred to in clause (1) 2) of this section. In such case, the applicant
must submit all the missing elements of the patent application as specified in subsection
(1) on the applicant’s own initiative within two months from the date on which the
initially submitted documents were received by the Patent Office.
(6) In the case specified in subsection (4) of this section, the Patent Office shall
establish the date on which the applicant has eliminated all the deficiencies in the initially
submitted documents as listed by the Patent Office as the filing date of the patent
application and, in the case specified in subsection (5) of this section, the Patent Office
shall establish the date on which the applicant submitted all the missing elements of the
patent application as listed in subsection (1) on the applicant’s own initiative as the filing
date of the patent application.
(7) Where the Patent Office finds that a part of the description of the invention
appears to be missing from the application, or that the description of the invention or
patent claims refer to a drawing which appears to be missing from the application
(hereinafter missing part), the Patent Office shall promptly notify the applicant thereof. If
the applicant wishes to add the missing part to the patent application, the applicant,
whether notified by the Patent Office or not, must file the missing part within two months
from the filing date of the patent application. The Patent Office shall establish the date on
which the missing part is received by the Patent Office as the new filing date of the patent
application.
(8) If, within the term specified in subsection (7) of this section, the applicant gives
notice to the Patent Office of declining to file the missing part or fails to file the missing
part, the Patent Office shall establish the filing date of the patent application pursuant to
the provisions of subsection (1) of this section.
(9) Within the two-month term specified in subsection (7) of this section, the
applicant may request that the missing part be replaced by the full text of the description
of the invention of the first patent application or registration application of a utility model
with regard to the same invention or that a drawing be replaced by a drawing of the said
first application. The request must contain the information specified in subsection (2) on
the first patent application or registration application of a utility model. If the first patent
application or registration application of a utility model is in a foreign language, the
applicant shall submit the Estonian translation of the full text of the description of the
invention or drawing to the Patent Office within sixteen months from the date of priority.
In the case of such request, the Patent Office shall establish the date of receipt of the
initially submitted documents at the Patent Office as the filing date of the patent
application.
(10) Where both the provisions of subsection (6) and subsection (7) or (9) of this
section apply to the establishment of the filing date of a patent application, the filing date
of the patent application shall be the later date as established pursuant to the said
provisions.
(11) The Patent Office shall not establish the filing date of a patent application if the
applicant fails:
1) in the case specified in subsection (4) of this section, to eliminate any deficiencies
listed in the notice of the Patent Office within the set term;
2) in the case specified in subsection (5) of this section, to file, on own initiative, all
the elements of the patent application referred to in subsection (1) of this section that are
missing within two months from the date of receipt of the initially submitted documents
at the Patent Office.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 211. (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 22. Acceptance of patent applications for processing and preliminary processing of
patent applications
(1) The Patent Office shall accept a patent application for processing if the filing date
of the patent application has been established pursuant to the provisions of § 21 of this
Act.
(2) The Patent Office shall notify the applicant of the number and filing date of the
patent application accepted for processing.
(3) The Patent Office shall refuse to accept a patent application for processing if the
filing date of the patent application is not established on the bases prescribed in
subsection 21 (11) of this Act.
(4) Upon refusal to accept a patent application for processing, the applicant is
notified thereof in writing. The applicant is entitled to a refund of the state fee paid by the
applicant.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(5) In the course of preliminary processing, the Patent Office shall verify the
following:
1) payment of the state fees specified in subsections 20 (2) and (3) of this Act;
2) existence of the documents specified in subsections 19 (1) and (2) of this Act;
3) existence of the translation specified in subsection 21 (2) or (9) of this Act, if said
provisions apply;
4) compliance of the priority claim with the provisions of §§ 11 and 201 of this Act,
if priority is claimed;
5) information on the author and compliance with the requirement to declare the
legal basis of the right to apply for the patent referred to in subsection 19 (3) of this Act if
the applicant is not the author;
6) the right of the patent agent to operate in the area of inventions, if the patent
application is filed via a patent agent;
7) compliance of the patent application documents with the requirements relating to
form and contents provided for in subsection 19 (4) of this Act.
(6) If the state fee prescribed in subsection 20 (2) of this Act is not paid in the
prescribed amount within two months as of the filing date of the patent application, the
Patent Office shall reject the patent application. If patent claims are missing or not in
compliance with the requirements relating to form and contents or the supplementary
state fee specified in subsection 20 (3) is paid in an amount less than the prescribed
amount, the Patent Office shall set a due date for payment of the missing part of the state
fee.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(7) If, by verification specified in subsection (5) of this section, it is ascertained that a
document is missing from the patent application or deficiencies relating to the form or
content of the documents exist which hinder the commencement of examination or other
circumstances which hinder the examination exist, the Patent Office shall notify the
applicant thereof in writing and set a due date for the elimination of deficiencies or
provision of explanations.
(8) The Patent Office shall commence examination of a patent application if no
circumstances hindering the publication of the patent application or commencement of
the examination have been ascertained as a result of the verification prescribed by
subsection (5) of this section or such circumstances have been eliminated by the due date
prescribed in the case provided for in subsection (7) of this section.
(9) The Patent Office shall make a decision to reject the patent application if
circumstances hindering the publication of the patent application or commencement of
the examination have not been eliminated by the due date prescribed in the case provided
for in subsection (7) of this section. The Patent Office shall notify an applicant in writing
of a decision to reject the patent application.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 23. Examination of patent applications
(1) During an examination, the Patent Office shall verify the compliance of an
invention with the criteria of patentability provided by § 8 of this Act.
(2) The Patent Office may request from an applicant oral or written explanations and
correction or amendment of the patent claims, description of the invention, drawings and
the abstract of the subject matter of the invention or translations of foreign language
documents submitted by the applicant. The Patent Office shall set a term for the provision
of explanations or submission of corrections, amendments and translations.
(3) The Patent Office has the right to request from an applicant copies of decisions of
patent offices of other countries regarding the applicant’s analogous patent applications
and to exchange information regarding the patent application with patent offices of other
countries.
(4) If the Patent Office finds that the subject of the invention can be protected by a
patent pursuant to the provisions of §§ 6 and 7 of this Act and the subject matter of the
invention as expressed in the patent claims complies, when compared to the state of the
art, with the criteria of patentability established in § 8 of this Act and that the form and
contents of the patent application documents comply with the requirements relating to
form and contents established on the basis of subsection 19 (4) of this Act, the Patent
Office shall terminate the examination of the patent application, make a decision to issue
the patent and shall notify the applicant thereof in writing.
(5) If the Patent Office finds that the subject of the invention cannot be protected by
a patent pursuant to the provisions of §§ 6 and 7 of this Act or the subject matter of the
invention as expressed in the patent claims does not comply, when compared to the state
of the art, with the criteria of patentability established in § 8 of this Act or the applicant
fails to separate an invention which violates the requirement of unity from the patent
application by the due date set pursuant to subsection 9 (3) of this Act or that the form or
contents of the patent application documents do not comply with the requirements
relating to form and contents established on the basis of subsection 19 (2) of this Act or if
the applicant fails to make the corrections or amendments or provide the explanations or
submit the translations requested pursuant to subsection (2) or to submit the copies of
decisions requested pursuant to subsection (3) of this section, the Patent Office shall
terminate the examination of the patent application, make a decision to reject the patent
application and shall notify the applicant thereof in writing.
(6) Any observations and opinions on a patent application submitted by a third
person in the course of examination shall be communicated to the applicant who may
comment on them. Third persons shall not be involved in processing.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 24. Publication of patent applications
(1) For the purposes of this Act, “publication of a patent application” means the
publication of patent application documents specified in clauses 19 (1) 2)-5).
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(2) The Patent Office shall publish a patent application not earlier than eighteen
months after the filing date or, if priority is claimed, the date of priority of the patent
application.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(3) At the request of the applicant, a patent application shall be published before
expiry of the term specified in subsection (2) of this section.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(4) A patent application shall not be published if:
1) the patent application is withdrawn or deemed to be withdrawn;
2) the patent application is rejected;
3) the patent application cannot be published due to formal or substantive
deficiencies in the patent application documents.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764; 16.06.98 entered into
force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(5) The applicant is notified of the publication of the patent application in writing.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(6) Notices of the publication of patent applications are published in the official
gazette of the Patent Office.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(7) The publication date of the notice specified in subsection (6) of this section is
deemed to be the publication date of the patent application.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(8) The procedure for the publication of patent applications shall be established by
the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications. For the publication of a patent
application, a period of technical preparations lasting up to one month may be established
and, during that period, no corrections or additions shall be made to the patent
application, the patent application shall not be withdrawn and acts related to the transfer
of rights shall be suspended.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 25. Correction and amendment of patent application
(1) An applicant may correct and amend a patent application during processing such
that no alterations are made to the subject matter of the invention which was disclosed in
the patent application on the filing date of the patent application.
(2) Corrections and amendments are deemed to alter the subject matter of an
invention if they contain essential features of the invention which were not included in
the description of the invention, drawings or other illustrative material on the filing date
of the patent application.
(3) In the case of corrections and amendments which alter the subject matter of an
invention, the Patent Office shall make a decision to reject such amendments and shall
notify the applicant thereof in writing.
(4) After the publication of a patent application made pursuant to § 24 of this Act, the
applicant shall not make such corrections or amendments which extend the scope of
patent protection.
(5) After the Patent Office has made a decision pursuant to subsection 23 (4) or (5)
of this Act, the applicant may correct and amend the patent application once within two
months as of the date of the decision and shall pay a state fee therefor. The state fee shall
not be paid if obvious spelling and calculation mistakes are corrected. The Patent Office
has the right to make a new decision on the basis of the corrections and amendments
submitted.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764; 10.03.2004 entered into
force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(6) During processing, the Patent Office may, without obtaining the approval of the
applicant, only edit the documents of a patent application. The abstract of the subject
matter of an invention may be amended without obtaining the approval of the applicant.
§ 251. Establishing and extension of time limits
(1) In the cases provided by this Act, the Patent Office may set two-month or four-
month periods as time limits. In certain special circumstances, the Patent Office may
establish a time limit of six months.
(2) In justified cases, an applicant has the right to request the extension of a term set
by the Patent Office within the time limits provided by subsection (1) of this section. The
application for an extension of the term shall be filed with the Patent Office before the
due date. The decision of the Patent Office regarding an extension of a term is final.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106; 10.03.2004 entered into
force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 26. Withdrawal of patent applications
(1) An applicant may file a request for the withdrawal of a patent application and
may withdraw a patent application which is being processed. Patent application
documents are not returned.
(2) If several persons apply for a patent, a request for the withdrawal of the patent
application shall be filed with the consent of all such persons.
(3) The Patent Office deems a patent application to be withdrawn:
1) if the applicant fails to comply, by the specified due date, with a request to
eliminate deficiencies or provide explanations submitted by the Patent Office in the
course of preliminary processing pursuant to subsection 22 (7) or fails to submit a request
for the resumption of processing of the patent application pursuant to subsection 27 (3) of
this Act;
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
2) if the applicant fails to comply, by the specified due date, with a request to
provide explanations or submit any corrections, additions or translations made by the
Patent Office in the course of examination pursuant to subsection 23 (2) or fails to submit
a request for the resumption of processing of the patent application pursuant to subsection
27 (3) of this Act;
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
3) if the applicant fails to pay the state fee on time;
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
4) in the case specified in subsection 11 (5) of this Act.
§ 27. Suspension and resumption of processing of patent application
(1) Where an applicant fails to comply with a time limit fixed by the Patent Office,
pursuant to this Act, for the performance of an act, the Patent Office shall suspend the
processing of the patent application and notify the applicant thereof in writing.
(2) If an action is filed on the basis of subsection 48 (1) or 49 (1) of this Act,
processing of the patent application shall be suspended until entry into force of a court
judgment.
(3) The processing of a patent application suspended pursuant to subsection (1) of
this section shall be resumed if the applicant files a request for the resumption of
processing of the patent application, proves that the time limit was ignored
unintentionally, performs the prescribed act and pays the state fee within two months
from the date on which notice was given of the suspension of processing of the patent
application or, if notice of suspension was not received, within six months from the due
date for the act which was not performed.
(4) Suspension of the processing of a patent application does not grant the right to
postpone or restore terms for the payment of the state fee for a year of validity if the state
fee was not paid by the due date.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 28. Termination of processing of patent application
(1) The Patent Office shall terminate the processing of a patent application which is
withdrawn or deemed to be withdrawn.
(2) The applicant shall be notified of the termination of the processing of a patent
application in writing.
§ 29. Resumption of processing of patent application
(1) An applicant may request resumption of the processing of a patent application if
the Patent Office has terminated the processing of the patent application by having
deemed the patent application to be withdrawn pursuant to clause 26 (3) 1), 2) or 3) of
this Act, provided that the failure to perform the acts specified in such provisions
occurred due to force majeure or some other impediment independent of the applicant or
the patent agent representing the applicant.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(2) The Patent Office shall resume the processing of a patent application if the
applicant files a request for the resumption of processing, proves the existence of an
impediment and performs the prescribed acts within two months after the impediment
ceases to exist, and pays a state fee.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(3) A request for resumption of the processing of a patent application may be filed
within one year after the due date for the act which was not performed.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(4) The provisions of subsections (1), (2) and (3) of this section do not apply to the
terms specified in subsections 9 (2), 20 (2), 21 (2), (7) and (9), 33 (3), 35 (4) and § 42 of
this Act.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106; 10.03.2004 entered into
force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 291. Applicant’s right to submit objections
If the Patent Office finds that facts which have become evident in the course of
preliminary processing or examination of a patent application will, pursuant to the
provisions of this Act, result in the rejection of the patent application, the Patent Office
must, before making a decision to reject the patent application, notify the applicant of the
intended decision and facts leading thereto and give the applicant at least one opportunity
to submit oral or written objections.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 30. Filing appeals against decisions of Patent Office
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(1) An applicant may file an appeal against a decision of the Patent Office with the
Board of Appeal or an administrative court.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(2) An applicant may file an appeal with the Board of Appeal within two months as
of the date on which the decision is made, and shall pay a state fee.
(3) The Board of Appeal has the right, by a decision, to:
1) dismiss an appeal, or
2) require the Patent Office to annul its decision and to continue the proceedings
taking into account the circumstances set forth in the decision of the Board of Appeal.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(4) The state fee is refunded upon grant of appeal.
(5) If an appeal is partially granted, the Board of Appeal shall determine the amount
of state fee refunded.
§ 31. Completion of processing of patent application
The processing of a patent application is completed by the issue of a patent or by the
rejection of the patent application.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
Chapter VI
International application
§ 32. Definition of international application
(1) For the purposes of this Act, “international application” is an international
application filed on the basis of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (RT II 1994, 6/7, 21)
entered into on 19 June 1970 in Washington (hereinafter Patent Cooperation Treaty).
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(2) Pursuant to the definition of Article 2 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Patent
Office is the receiving office, the designated office and the elected office.
(3) The Patent Office is the receiving office for international applications of Estonian
citizens or of persons whose residence or seat is in the Republic of Estonia.
(4) An international application shall be prepared pursuant to the Patent Cooperation
Treaty and the implementing regulations and administrative instructions thereof, and filed
with the Patent Office, which is the receiving office, in English or German; a state fee
and fees prescribed by the Patent Cooperation Treaty shall be paid.
(5) The Patent Office is the designated or elected office for such international
applications in which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the designated or elected
state.
(6) International applications in which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the
designated state are deemed equal to patent applications filed pursuant to §§ 19 and 20 of
this Act.
(7) An international application in which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the
designated state is deemed to be filed with the Patent Office on the international filing
date which is determined by the receiving office, as specified in the Patent Cooperation
Treaty.
(71) An invention described in a published international application in which the
Republic of Estonia is indicated as the designated state shall be granted provisional
protection pursuant to § 18 of this Act as of the date on which the Patent Office publishes
the Estonian translation of the international application filed in accordance with
subsection 33 (1) of this section or, if the applicant makes a request for provisional
protection to take effect earlier, the date on which the applicant forwards the Estonian
translation of the patent claims of the published international application to a person who
uses the invention in the Republic of Estonia or the date on which the Patent Office
publishes the said translation, if the translation has been forwarded to the Patent Office
and the state fee payable for the publication of the translation has been paid.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(8) The Patent Office shall examine such international registration applications in
which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the designated state.
(9) The procedure for the payment of fees prescribed by the Patent Cooperation
Treaty shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003; 29.01.2003 entered into
force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(10) The procedure for filing international applications with the Patent Office shall be
established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003; 29.01.2003 entered into
force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 33. Specifications of processing of international applications
(1) For an international application to be accepted for national processing, an
applicant shall file a corresponding request together with the Estonian translation of the
international application with the Patent Office and pay a state fee not later than within
thirty-one months as of the date of priority. In the case provided for in subsection 42 (9)
of this Act, the applicant must pay the state fees for the first, second and third years of
validity within two months as of the filing date of the said request.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(2) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(3) In justified cases, an applicant may be granted an additional period for filing the
translation of an international application specified in subsection (1) of this section, but
for not more than until the end of the thirty third month as of the date of priority, and in
case of several priorities, until the end of the thirty third month as of the date of the
earliest date of priority. An additional period is not granted if more than two months
remain until the end of the thirty-one months' period specified in subsection (1) of this
section. In case of submission of a translation or in case of expiry of the thirty three
months' period specified in this section, a supplementary state fee shall be paid.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(31) An international application being processed nationally shall be published at the
earliest opportunity but not before the application is published pursuant to Article 21 of
the Patent Cooperation Treaty, except in case twenty months have passed as of the date of
priority.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(32) The procedure for filing international applications to be accepted for national
processing and for publication of international applications shall be established by the
Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(4) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(5) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(6) An international application shall lose the effect specified in subsections 32 (6)
and (7) of this Act if:
1) the provisions of Article 24 (1) (i) and (ii) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty apply;
2) the applicant fails to comply with the requirements provided for in subsection (1)
or (3) of this section;
3) the applicant fails to comply with the requirements for the authorisation of a
representative specified in § 131 of this Act.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(61) An international patent application is rejected, if:
1) the applicant has failed to observe the term specified in subsection (1) of this
section or to pay a state fee in the prescribed amount;.
2) the applicant has failed to pay a state fee in the prescribed amount by the end of
the additional period specified in subsection (3) of this section; or
3) the applicant has failed to comply with the requirements for the procedure
established on the basis of subsection (32) of this section.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(7) The Patent Office has no right to request that an applicant file examination results
of patent offices of the states designated in an international application if the applicant
has chosen the Republic of Estonia to be the state which uses the results of the
international preliminary examination.
(8) If international preliminary examination or international search is not performed
with respect to a part of an international application on the grounds that the application is
not in compliance with the requirement of unity of invention and the applicant has not
paid the fee prescribed by the Patent Cooperation Treaty for additional international
search or international preliminary examination, the Patent Office shall verify the
correctness of the decision of the International Searching Authority or the International
Preliminary Examining Authority not to perform international search or preliminary
examination with respect to the part of the patent application. If the decision is correct,
such parts of the international application which are not in compliance with the
requirement of unity of invention are deemed to be withdrawn. Otherwise, the Patent
Office shall continue the processing of the international application in full. The Patent
Office shall notify the applicant of its decision in writing.
(9) The Patent Office shall apply the provisions of subsection 9 (2) of this Act to
such parts of an international application which violate the unity of the invention if the
applicant files a corresponding request within two months as of the date of the decision of
the Patent Office specified in subsection (8) of this section.
(10) If the receiving office refuses to accept an international filing date or reports that
an international application is deemed to be withdrawn, or if the International Bureau of
the World Intellectual Property Organization (hereinafter International Bureau) has made
a decision pursuant to Article 12 (3) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, or if the receiving
office reports that the designation of the Republic of Estonia is deemed to be withdrawn,
the applicant may, within two months after receipt of the corresponding report or
decision, request the review of the international application in the Republic of Estonia
and request that the International Bureau send a copy of the international application to
the Patent Office. The applicant shall file a translation of the international application
with the Patent Office and, in the cases prescribed, information concerning the patent
agent, and pay a state fee during the term determined by the Patent Office. The Patent
Office shall verify the correctness of the decision of the receiving office or the
International Bureau and notify the applicant of the results. If the decision of the
receiving office or the International Bureau is incorrect, the application shall be reviewed
as an international application.
(11) If the processing of an international application is terminated on the grounds that
an applicant has failed to perform an act prescribed by the receiving office, the
International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary Examining Authority or
the International Bureau or an act provided for in subsection (1) of this section on time
due to force majeure or some other impediment independent of the applicant, the Patent
Office shall resume the processing of the international application in the Republic of
Estonia, provided that the applicant adheres to the provisions of subsections 29 (2) and
(3) of this Act.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 331. Files of international (patent) applications and processing of international
applications, access to and release of information therefrom
(1) The files of international applications and processing of international applications
form a structured body of data concerning international application documents filed with
the Patent Office as the receiving office pursuant to Article 2 of the Patent Cooperation
Treaty and information on the processing thereof. Information on an international
application and on the processing thereof is stored in the files until the processing file is
closed.
(2) Access to the files of international applications and processing of international
applications and release of information from the files prior to the publication of the
international application pursuant to Article 21 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty is
prohibited.
(3) After an international application is published pursuant to Article 21 of the Patent
Cooperation Treaty, all persons may have access to the international application file.
(4) A fee is charged for the release of information from the files of international
applications and processing of international applications with the exception of the release
of information to state agencies with supervisory authority or to a court. A state fee is
charged for the release of information.
(5) The files of international applications and processing of international applications
shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003; 29.01.2003 entered into
force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
Chapter VII
Register of patents
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 34. Register of patents
(1) The register of patents (hereinafter register) is maintained on the basis of this Act
and the Principles of Legal Regulation of Industrial Property Act (RT I 2003, 18, 98; 82,
555; 2004, 20, 141), and pursuant to the procedure provided for in the specified Acts.
(2) Notices concerning register entries are published in the official gazette of the
Patent Office in cases provided for in the Acts specified in subsection (1) of this section.
The Patent Office may, in the public interest and pursuant to the procedure established in
the statutes of the official gazette of the Patent Office, publish notices concerning other
register entries and other information in the official gazette of the Patent Office the
publication of which is not prohibited or restricted on the basis of the specified Acts or
international agreements.
(3) The statutes of the official gazette of the Patent Office shall be approved by the
Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications. The title of the official gazette of the
Patent Office is «Eesti Patendileht».
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 35. Registration of invention in register
(1) If a patent application is accepted for processing, the filing date and the number
of the patent application and the receipt in the Patent Office of the documents submitted
on the basis of § 19 of this Act and other documents submitted on the applicant's own
initiative, and information contained in such documents pursuant to § 25 of the Principles
of Legal Regulation of Industrial Property Act, shall be entered in the register.
(2) In the course of processing a patent application, information and notices
concerning the procedural acts performed pursuant to this Act, documents received and
issued, terms provided for in this Act and terms determined by the Patent Office shall be
entered in the register.
(3) Upon grant of patent protection for an invention, registration entry shall be made
in the register.
(4) Registration entry shall be made pursuant to subsection 23 (4) of this Act on the
basis of a decision to issue the patent, decision of the Board of Appeal or court judgment,
if the applicant pays the state fee within three months as of the date on which the
corresponding decision or judgment was made. If the state fee is not paid in the
prescribed amount within the specified term, the patent application is deemed to be
withdrawn.
(5) Registration data are:
1) the registration number;
2) the registration date;
3) the name of the invention;
4) the index of the international patent classification;
5) the given name, surname and address of the author of the invention;
6) the given name, surname and the address and country code of the residence or
seat of the enterprise of the proprietor of the patent, in the case of a legal person, the
name, address of the seat and the country code;
7) the date of beginning of the period of validity of the patent;
8) the date of expiry of the patent;
9) in the case of a patent agent, the given name and surname of the patent agent;
10) in the case of a joint representative, the given name and surname of the joint
representative, in the case of a joint representative who is a legal person, the name of the
legal person;
11) the patent application number;
12) the filing date of the patent application;
13) priority data (date of priority, country, application number);
14) the number and filing date of an earlier patent application from which the patent
application is separated;
15) number and filing date of an earlier, continued patent application;
16) the filing date of corrections and amendments to an earlier patent application
which alter the subject matter of the invention;
17) international application or European patent application data;
18) publication date of the patent application;
19) the date of disclosure of information specified in subsection 8 (3) of this Act;
20) data concerning the deposit of the biotechnological material, including micro-
organism strain;
21) data concerning payment of the state fee paid in respect of the year of continued
validity of the patent application;
22) patent claims;
23) the description of the invention;
24) drawings or other illustrative material;
25) data concerning the supplementary protection of the medicinal product;
26) data concerning the supplementary protection of the plant protection product.
(6) The applicant specified in subsection (4) of this section is entered in the register
as the proprietor of the patent.
(7) Registrations are numbered in the order in which the inventions are registered
starting from number 02932 as a continuation of the registry numeration which was
discontinued in 1940.
(8) Upon registration of an invention in the register, the Patent Office publishes a
notice of issue of the patent and the patent specifications in its official gazette. The
publication date of the notice of the issue of a patent shall be entered in the register.
(9) A registration shall enter into force on the publication date of a notice of the issue
of a patent in the official gazette of the Patent Office.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 351. Access to and release of data from register
(1) The register is public. Everyone has the right to examine the registry file
concerning of a patent application published pursuant to § 24 of this Act and data entered
in the database record, taking account of the restrictions provided for in the mentioned
section and the author's right to prohibit the disclosure of the author's name.
(2) No information is released from the register concerning business secrets defined
as confidential or information on know-how.
(3) In order to have access to a registry file or to be issued copies or printouts from
the register, a written request together with information concerning payment of the state
fee for each file, copy or printout of a document shall be submitted. Applicants,
proprietors of patents and authors have access to the registry files concerning their
inventions free of charge.
(4) At the written request of the applicant or proprietor of a patent and in case of
payment of the state fee, the Patent Office issues a document certifying priority of the
invention consisting of a copy of the patent application and the official confirmation by
the Patent Office. The requirements for the format and procedure for the completion of
documents certifying priority shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs
and Communications.
(5) The procedure for access to the register and release of information from the
register shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 352. (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 353. (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 354. Patent specification
(1) A patent specification contains the description of the invention, patent claims,
drawings or other illustrative material, an abstract of the subject matter of the invention
and the following information:
1) the name of the agency which issued the patent specification;
2) the name and number of the document;
3) the name of the invention;
4) the index of the international patent classification;
5) the given name, surname and address of the author of the invention;
6) the given name, surname and the address and country code of the residence or
seat of the enterprise of the proprietor of the patent, in the case of a legal person, the
name, address of the seat and the country code;
7) in the case of a patent agent, given name, surname and address of the patent
agent;
8) in the case of a joint representative, the given name and surname of the joint
representative, in the case of a joint representative who is a legal person, the name of the
legal person;
9) the number and filing date of the patent application;
10) priority data;
11) international application or European patent application data;
12) data concerning the deposit of the biological material, including micro-organism
strain;
13) publication date of the patent application;
14) publication date of the patent specification;
15) the date of beginning of the period of validity of the patent.
(2) After the entry of registration data in the register, the Patent Office prepares the
patent specification.
(3) The patent specification shall be kept in the registry file.
(4) A patent specification shall be published on the publication date of the notice of
issue of the patent.
(5) Requirements for the format and procedure for the completion of patent
specifications shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and
Communications.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 36. Letters patent
(1) The letters patent is a document which certifies the registration of an invention in
the register.
(2) A letters patent consists of a certificate and a patent specification.
(3) A certificate contains the following:
1) the name of the country – the Republic of Estonia;
2) the coat of arms of the country – small national coat of arms of Estonia ;
3) the number of the letters patent;
4) the text “The patent is issued on the basis of § 5 of the Patents Act which entered
into force 23 May 1994. A patent shall be valid for twenty years as of the filing date of
the patent application. A state fee shall be paid each year for the continued validity of the
patent. The letters patent certifies the registration and the exclusive right of the proprietor
of the patent to the invention.”;
5) information on issuing agency (name and location of the agency, title, name and
signature of the head of the agency, seal of the agency);
6) the date of signing the letters patent.
(4) The date on which a letters patent is signed by the head of the agency which
issues the document is deemed to be the date of issue of the letters patent. The date of
issue of a letters patent is entered in the registry database.
(5) The registration number is also the number of the letters patent. The registration
number and the number of letters patent is deemed to be the patent number.
(6) The Patent Office shall issue a letters patent to the proprietor of a patent within
one month as of the publication date of the notice of issue of the patent.
(7) Only one letters patent is issued regardless of the number of proprietors of a
patent.
(8) A duplicate of a letters patent may be issued on the basis of a request from the
proprietor of the patent. A duplicate shall be issued within one month after the date of
receipt of the request and information concerning payment of the state fee at the Patent
Office. A notice of the issue of a duplicate is published in the official gazette of the
Patent Office.
(9) The requirements for the format and procedure for the completion and issue of
letters patents shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and
Communications.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
Chapter VII1
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
Register of European patents valid in Estonia
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 361. Register of European patents valid in Estonia
(1) The register of European patents valid in Estonia is maintained on the basis of
and pursuant to the procedure specified in this Act, the Implementation of the Convention
of the Grant of European Patents Act (RT I 2002, 38, 233; 2003, 88, 594) and the
Principles of Legal Regulation of Industrial Property Act.
(2) Notices concerning register entries are published in the official gazette of the
Patent Office in the cases provided for in the Acts specified in subsection (1) of this
section.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 362. Entry of European patents in register of European patents valid in Estonia
(1) An European patent in which the Republic of Estonia is indicated as the
designated state is entered in the register of European patents valid in Estonia upon
compliance with the conditions provided for in subsection 7 (1) of the Implementation of
the Convention of the Grant of European Patents Act and pursuant to the procedure
established on the basis of clause 20 (1) 2) of the same Act.
(2) Registrations are numbered in the order in which the European patents are
registered. The format of the registration number shall be E000000, where the part of the
number in six digits from number «1» corresponds to the consecutive number of the
registration. The provisions of the Convention of the Grant of European Patents
(hereinafter European Patent Convention) (RT II 2002, 10, 40) apply in respect of the rest
of the registration data and procedure on making registration entries.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 363. Application of provisions regulating maintenance of register of patents to register
of European patents valid in Estonia
The corresponding provisions of the register of patents apply to entries specified in
clauses 17 2)-7) of the Implementation of the Convention of the Grant of European
Patents Act. In the case of disparities of the provisions of the Implementation of the
Convention of the Grant of European Patents Act and the provisions of the European
Patent Convention, the European Patent Convention applies.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
Chapter VIII
Validity of Patents
§ 37. Term of validity of patents
(1) A patent shall be valid for twenty years as of the filing date of the patent
application.
(2) A state fee shall be paid each year for the continued validity of a patent
application and patent. The filing date of a patent application is deemed to be the date of
the beginning of the year of validity.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 38. Premature termination of validity of patent
(1) A patent becomes prematurely invalid if:
1) a state fee is not paid for the year of validity;
2) the proprietor of the patent files a request for termination of the validity of the
patent;
3) a legal person which is the proprietor of a patent is liquidated, or its activities are
terminated and the patent rights have not been transferred.
(2) The Patent Office shall make an entry in the register concerning the premature
termination of the validity of a patent and shall publish a notice thereof in the official
gazette of the Patent Office.
§ 39. Amendments to patents
(1) The proprietor of a patent may restrict the scope of patent protection by amending
patent claims and correct any bibliographical data and obvious spelling and calculation
mistakes in the patent specification the during the entire period of validity of the patent.
A request for making amendments and new patent claims and, if necessary, new
description of the invention shall be filed with the Patent Office and a state fee prescribed
by subsection (41) of this section shall be paid. The Patent Office shall, on its own
initiative or upon request from the proprietor of a patent, correct its own mistakes without
charge.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(2) The proprietor of a patent may request the making of such amendments to the
patent which do not alter the subject matter of the invention which was disclosed in the
patent application on the filing date of the patent application.
(3) Amendments have retroactive effect.
(4) The Patent Office shall publish a notice of making amendments to a patent in the
official gazette of the Patent Office. If patent claims are amended, also the new patent
specification shall be published.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106; 10.03.2004 entered into
force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(41) In case a request is made to amend a patent, a state fee shall be paid for the
publication of a notice concerning the amendment of the patent specification if
bibliographical data and spelling and calculation mistakes are corrected, and a state fee
shall be paid for the publication of a notice concerning the amendment of patent claims
and publication of a new patent specification if the scope of patent protection is
restricted.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(5) During proceedings relating to the contestation of a patent in the Board of Appeal
or a court, the proprietor of the patent cannot file a request for making amendments to the
patent with the Patent Office.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(6) The proprietor of a patent may file a request with the Patent Office for the
making of amendments to correct obvious spelling mistakes and calculation errors which
restrict the scope of patent protection within two years after the publication of the notice
of issue of the patent.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(7) The extension of the scope of patent protection provided for in subsection (6) of
this section shall not restrict the rights of persons who had, prior to the publication of the
notice concerning the making of amendments, taken into consideration the initial scope
of patent protection in their economic or professional activities.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764; 05.06.2002 entered into
force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)
Chapter VIII1
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
Supplementary protection of medicinal products and plant protection products
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 391. Legal acts providing supplementary protection of medicinal products and plant
protection products
Supplementary protection of medicinal products and plant protection products
(hereinafter supplementary protection) shall be established pursuant to Council
Regulation (EEC) No 1768/92 concerning the creation of a supplementary protection
certificate for medicinal products (Official Journal L 182 02/07/1992 P. 0001 - 0005 )
and Regulation (EC) No 1610/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council
concerning the creation of a supplementary protection certificate for plant protection
products (Official Journal L 198 , 08/08/1996 P. 0030 - 0035 ) (hereinafter Regulations
on supplementary protection).
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 392. Filing of supplementary protection applications
(1) Supplementary protection applications are filed with the Patent Office.
(2) A state fee shall be paid for the filing of a supplementary protection application
within two months as of the filling date of the supplementary protection application. The
term for payment of the specified state fee cannot be extended or restored.
(3) The requirements for the format of supplementary protection application
documents and the procedure for the filing thereof shall be established by the Minister of
Economic Affairs and Communications.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 393. Processing of supplementary protection applications
(1) The Patent Office shall check the compliance of a supplementary protection
application with the provisions of a corresponding Regulation on supplementary
protection, the requirements for the format of supplementary protection application
documents established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and the
terms for the payment of the state fee.
(2) The Patent Office does not verify whether the medicinal product or plant
protection product is registered for the first time or whether the same medicinal product
or plant protection product has been granted supplementary protection before.
(3) If there are deficiencies in a supplementary protection application, the Patent
Office shall set a term of two to four months, or in exceptional cases up to six months, for
elimination of deficiencies or provision of explanations. The provisions of § 27 of this
Act apply to suspension and resumption of the processing of supplementary protection
applications.
(4) If a supplementary protection application is in compliance with the requirements,
the Patent Office shall make a decision to grant supplementary protection and shall notify
the applicant for supplementary protection thereof in writing.
(5) If a supplementary protection application is not in compliance with the
requirements, or the state fee has not been paid on time in the prescribed amount, or the
deficiencies in the documents have not been eliminated or explanations have not been
provided pursuant to subsection (3) of this section within the specified term, the Patent
Office shall, pursuant to the provisions of § 29¹ of this Act, make a decision to reject the
supplementary protection application and shall notify the applicant for supplementary
application thereof in writing. The provisions of § 30 apply upon appeal against the
decisions of the patent Office.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 394. Publication of notices concerning supplementary protection
The Patent Office shall publish notices prescribed by a corresponding Regulation on
supplementary protection in the official gazette of the Patent Office.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 395. Registration of supplementary protection in register
(1) Supplementary protection is registered, depending on the basic patent, by
entering data prescribed by a corresponding Regulation on supplementary protection
either in the register of patents specified in Chapter VII of this Act or in the register of
European patents valid in Estonia specified in Chapter VII ¹ of this Act.
(2) If supplementary protection is granted, entries of registration data shall be made
in a corresponding register specified in subsection (1) of this section.
(3) Entries of registration data are made on the basis of the decision of the Patent
Office specified in subsection 39 3 (4) of this Act, decision of the Board of Appeal or
court judgment.
(4) Registration data are:
1) the registration number;
2) the registration date;
3) information concerning the supplementary protection certificate specified in a
corresponding Regulation on supplementary protection.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 396. Entry into force and extension of term of supplementary protection
In order for supplementary protection to enter into force or to extend the term of
supplementary protection, a state fee shall be paid pursuant to subsections 42 (6)-(8) of
this Act.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 397. Issue of supplementary protection certificates
(1) The Patent Office shall issue a supplementary protection certificate to the
applicant for supplementary protection for a medicinal product or plant protection
product concurrently with the publication of a notice on the grant of supplementary
protection in the official gazette of the Patent Office.
(2) The requirements for the format of and procedure for issue of supplementary
protection certificates shall be established by the Minister of Economic Affairs and
Communications.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 398. Term of supplementary protection
(1) The term of supplementary protection shall be up to five years as of the date of
expiry of the basic patent. The date of expiry of supplementary protection shall not be
later than the date on which fifteen years pass from the date of issue of the basic patent or
on which the validity of the document specified in clause 395 (3) 2) commences, and in
such case the later date shall apply.
(2) For the continued validity of supplementary protection, a state fee shall be paid
for each year of validity.
(3) Supplementary protection terminates prematurely if:
1) the person who applied for supplementary protection files a request for the
termination of supplementary protection;
2) a state fee is not paid for the year of validity of supplementary protection;
3) evidence concerning revocation of the registration of the medicinal product or
plant protection product is submitted to the Patent Office.
(4) The Patent Office shall publish a notice concerning the premature termination of
supplementary protection in the official gazette of the Patent Office.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 399. Revocation of supplementary protection and contestation and protection of rights
(1) Supplementary protection is revoked and rights arising from supplementary
protection are contested and protected pursuant to such provisions of this Act which
concern the contestation and protection of patent rights.
(2) Supplementary protection is revoked if:
1) supplementary protection has been granted contrary to the provisions of clauses
394 (2) 1)-3) of this Act;
2) the basic patent is invalidated prematurely pursuant to the provisions of § 38 of
this Act;
3) the basic patent is revoked pursuant to the provisions of § 49 or 50 of this Act;
4) after the issue of the basic patent, the scope of patent protection has been limited
to the extent that the medicinal product or plant protection product is no longer protected
by the patent claims;
5) after the basic patent has expired, grounds for revocation exist which would have
justified the revocation of patent protection or limitation of the scope of patent protection
such that the medicinal product or plant protection product is no longer in compliance
with the terms of the patent claims.
(3) The Patent Office shall publish a notice concerning the revocation of
supplementary protection in the official gazette of the Patent Office.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
Chapter IX
State Fees
§ 40. State Fees
In the cases prescribed by this Act, state fees are charged for the performance of acts,
issue of documents and the continued validity of patent applications and patents pursuant
to the provisions of the State Fees Act (RT I 1997, 80, 1344; 2001, 55, 331; 56, 332; 64,
367; 65, 377; 85, 512; 88, 531; 91, 543; 93, 565; 2002, 1, 1; 9, 45; 13, 78; 79; 81; 18, 97;
23, 131; 24, 135; 27, 151; 153; 30, 178; 35, 214; 44, 281; 47, 297; 51, 316; 57, 358; 58,
361; 61, 375; 62, 377; 82, 477; 90, 519; 102, 599; 105, 610; 2003, 4, 20; 13, 68; 15, 84;
85; 20, 118; 21, 128; 23, 146; 25, 153; 154; 26, 156; 160; 51, 352; 66, 449; 68, 461; 71,
471; 78, 527; 79, 530; 81, 545; 88, 589; 591; 2004, 2, 7; 6, 31; 9, 52; 53; 14, 91; 92; 18,
131; 132; 20, 141).
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
§ 41. Payment of state fees
(1) The state fee shall be paid by an applicant, proprietor of a patent or another party
who has an interest in the performance of an act, the issue of a document prescribed in
this Act or the continued validity of a patent application or a patent. If the state fee for
application for, issue or continued validity of a patent is paid by a another party, the
written consent of the applicant or the proprietor of the patent is required.
(2) The state fee is deemed to be paid upon receipt of information by the Patent
Office certifying payment of the state fee or, in the case of an appeal, upon receipt of
such information by the Board of Appeal.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(3) Paid state fees are not refunded, except in the cases provided for in subsections
22 (4) and 30 (4) and (5) of this Act.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 42. Payment of state fee for year of validity
(1) The state fee for year of validity shall be paid on the due date of payment or
within six months before the due date of payment. The last day of the calendar month
during which the year of validity begins is deemed to be the due date of payment.
(2) State fees for the first, second and third year of validity shall be paid at the same
time on the due date of payment for the third year of validity or within six months before
the due date of payment of the state fee for the third year of validity.
(3) The state fee for a year of validity may be paid within six months after the due
date of payment if a supplementary state fee is also paid.
(4) The Patent Office may grant an applicant or a proprietor of a patent, if the
applicant or proprietor is also the author and is making serious preparations for the
application of the invention in the Republic in Estonia, a period of grace for the payment
of the state fee for the first five years of validity. The application for a period of grace
and proof of preparations for the application of the invention shall be filed with the Patent
Office before the corresponding due date of payment passes. The decision of the Patent
Office regarding the grant of a period of grace for the payment of the state fee for a year
of validity is final.
(5) If the Patent Office refuses to satisfy an application for a period of grace and the
due date for payment has passed, the state fee for the year of validity may be paid without
an additional state fee within two months as of the date of the decision of the Patent
Office.
(6) The state fee for the first year of validity of supplementary protection shall be
paid on the due date of payment or within six months before the due date of payment.
The last day of the calendar month during which the term of validity of the basic patent
ends is deemed to be the due date of payment.
(7) The state fee for each following year of validity of supplementary protection shall
be paid on the due date of payment or within six months before the due date of payment.
The last day of the calendar month during which the year of validity of supplementary
protection begins is deemed to be the due date of payment.
(8) The state fee for a year of validity of supplementary protection may be paid
within six months after the due date of payment has passed if a supplementary state fee is
also paid.
(9) Upon filing an international application for national processing, state fees for the
first, second and third year of validity shall be paid without the supplementary state fee
specified in subsection (3) of this section if the due date for payment of the state fee has
passed by the filing date of the request for acceptance for national processing.
(10) In case a separated patent application is filed on the basis of subsections 9 (2) or
(3) of this Act, the applicant shall, within two months as of the actual filing date of the
specified application with the Patent Office, pay state fees for all preceding years of
validity, taking into account that the filing date of the initial patent application shall be
the basis for the calculation of years of validity of a separated patent application. If, in the
case of a year of validity the due date of payment for which has passed, the term of six
months for the payment of a supplementary state fee specified in subsection (3) of this
section has not yet passed, the state fee for such year of validity may be paid without an
additional state fee within two months as of the actual filing date of a separated patent
application with the Patent Office. If a state fee is not paid for the last year of validity
within the specified two months' period, the state fee may be paid until the end of the six
months' period provided for in subsection (3), if a supplementary state fee is also paid.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
Chapter X
Transfer of Patent Rights
§ 43. Transfer of right to apply for patent
(1) The transfer of the right to apply for a patent from the author to another person
shall be performed on the basis of a separate written agreement or on the basis of a
contract or employment contract pursuant to subsection 12 (2) of this Act. The specified
agreement or contract shall contain provisions which ensure, pursuant to subsection 13
(8), the right of the author to receive fair proceeds from the profit received from the
invention during the entire period of validity of the patent.
(2) Upon transfer of the right to apply for a patent on the basis of law, the law of the
home country of the applicant applies.
(3) The legal basis of the transfer of the right to apply for a patent pursuant to
subsections (1) or (2) of this section and information concerning the author shall be
indicated in the patent application. In cases of reasonable doubt, the Patent Office and
courts have the right to require the submission of documents certifying the right to apply
for a patent and the authorship of the invention.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 44. Transfer of patent application
(1) An applicant may transfer a patent application which is being processed by the
Patent Office to another person.
(2) In the event of the death of an applicant or dissolution of an applicant who is a
legal person, a patent application which is being processed by the Patent Office shall
transfer to a successor or a legal successor.
(3) In order to amend the data on the applicant in a patent application, the applicant
or the person to whom the patent application transfers shall file a request and information
certifying payment of the state fee with the Patent Office. If a request is filed by the
person to whom the patent application transfers, the request shall be accompanied by a
document certifying the transfer or an officially certified copy thereof.
(14.11.2001 entered into force 01.02.2002 - RT I 2001, 93, 565; 10.03.2004 entered into
force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(4) The Patent Office shall amend the data on the applicant in the patent application.
(5) A patent application is deemed to be transferred to another person from the date
on which the data is amended.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 45. Transfer of patent
(1) The proprietor of a patent may transfer the patent to another person.
(2) In the event of the death of the proprietor of a patent or dissolution of the
proprietor if the proprietor is a legal person, the patent transfers to a successor or a legal
successor.
(3) In order to amend the data on the proprietor of a patent in a registration, the
proprietor of the patent or the person to whom the patent transfers shall file a request and
information certifying payment of the state fee with the Patent Office. If a request is filed
by the person to whom the patent transfers, the request shall be accompanied by a
document certifying the transfer or an officially certified copy thereof.
(14.11.2001 entered into force 01.02.2002 - RT I 2001, 93, 565; 10.03.2004 entered into
force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(4) The request specified in subsection (3) of this section shall be filed within one
year after the date of transfer of the patent determined by the transaction or after the date
of legal succession. If a patent is transferred pursuant to a court judgment, the request
shall be filed within one month after the date on which the court judgment enters into
force.
(5) The Patent Office shall make an entry in the register on amendment of the
registration data specified in clause 35 (5) 6) of this Act.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(6) An entry on amendment of the registration data shall enter into force on the
publication date of a notice of the entry to amend the data in the official gazette of the
Patent Office.
(7) A patent is deemed to be transferred to another person from the date of transfer
pursuant to a transaction or a court order, or from the date of creation of legal succession.
(8) A person to whom a patent is transferred pursuant to the provisions of this section
may commence use of the rights of the proprietor of the patent as of the date on which the
entry to amend the registration data becomes valid.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 46. Licence
(1) The proprietor of a patent (licensor) may, pursuant to a written licence agreement
(hereinafter by way of a licence), grant the use of the rights of the proprietor of the patent
listed in subsection 15 (1) of this Act to another person or persons (licensee) in part or in
full.
(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)
(2) With the consent of a licensor, a licensee may, by way of a sublicence, transfer
the rights deriving from a licence to a third person.
(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)
(3) The term of a licence shall not be longer than the term of patent protection, in the
case of supplementary protection of medicinal products and plant protection products not
longer than the term of supplementary protection.
(4) Licences may be registered in the register. A written request of the licensor or the
licensee together with a copy of the licence agreement or an extract from the licence
agreement which contains information necessary for the registration shall the basis for the
making of an entry concerning a licence. A state fee shall be paid for an entry concerning
a patent. An unregistered licence has no legal effect with respect to third persons. If there
is a conflict of rights granted by different licences to several licensees, preference is
given to the licensee whose licence is registered.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(5) Upon the transfer of a patent to another person in the cases provided for in § 45
of this Act, the rights and obligations deriving from the licence are also transferred to the
said person.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 47. Compulsory licence
(1) A person who is interested in using a patented invention and is capable of doing
so in the Republic of Estonia, may, upon refusal of the proprietor of the patent to grant a
licence, file an action in court for acquiring a compulsory licence if:
1) the proprietor of the patent has not used the invention in the Republic of Estonia
within three years after publication of the notice concerning the issue of the patent or
within four years after filing a patent application, and in such case the term which ends
later shall apply;
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
2) the proprietor of the patent does not use the invention in the extent which would
correspond to the needs of the domestic market of the Republic of Estonia;
3) the patent hinders the use of another, technically advanced invention significant
for the economy of the Republic of Estonia;
4) national defence, environmental protection, public health and other significant
national interests of the Republic of Estonia require the use of the invention, including
the need to use the invention in connection with a natural disaster or other emergency.
5) the patent hinders the grant of plant variety rights pursuant to the Plant Variety
Rights Act (RT I 1998, 36/37, 553; 2000, 10, 56; 2001, 93, 565; 2002, 53, 336; 61, 375;
63, 387) or the use of a plant variety which is granted legal protection.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(11) A compulsory licence shall not be granted if the proprietor of a patent imports the
product protected by the patent from any state member of the World Trade Organisation
in the extent which corresponds to the needs of the domestic market of the Republic of
Estonia.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
(2) In the case provided for in clause (1) 3 of this section, the proprietor of a patent
has the right to acquire a compulsory licence for another invention, provided that the
exchange of licences is not agreed on (cross-licence).
(3) Upon the grant of a compulsory licence, a court shall determine the terms and
conditions of the compulsory licence, including the extent and duration of the use of an
invention and the amount and procedure for payment of the licence fee. The extent and
duration of the use of an invention shall be determined on the basis of the needs of the
domestic market of the Republic of Estonia.
(4) The right to use an invention on the basis of a compulsory licence may transfer to
another person only together with the enterprise in which the compulsory licence is used
or was intended to be used pursuant to the terms of the compulsory licence.
(5) The grant of a compulsory licence does not hinder the proprietor of a patent from
using the invention or granting licences to other persons.
(6) A compulsory licence is valid as of the date of making an entry in the register. A
request for the making of a register entry together with a copy of the court judgment and
information certifying payment of the state fee shall be filed with the Patent Office within
one month after entry into force of the court judgment.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(7) If circumstances change, both the licensor and the licensee may file an action in
court for amendment of the terms of a compulsory licence.
(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)
Chapter XI
Contestation and Protection of Patent Rights
§ 48. Contestation of authorship
(1) Disputes concerning authorship are resolved in court after the publication of a
patent application pursuant to the provisions of § 24 of this Act.
(2) Any natural person who finds that he or she is the author of an invention pursuant
to the provisions of subsection 13 (1) or (2) of this Act may file an action in court against
the applicant or, after the issue of a patent, the proprietor of the patent for certification of
his or her authorship. Authorship may also be contested by the successor of such person.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(3) If authorship is certified, the person may, on the basis of § 12 of this Act, contest
the applicant or proprietor of the patent pursuant to subsection 49 (1) of this Act in the
course of the same case.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 49. Contestation of proprietor of patent and patent
(1) Any person who finds that the right to a patent belongs to the person pursuant to
§ 12 of this Act may, after the publication of a patent application pursuant to the
provisions of § 24 of this Act, file an action in court against the applicant or proprietor of
the patent for recognition of the person’s rights. If the action is satisfied in the case of a
patent application, the person has the right to continue applying for the patent in the
person’s name, revoke the patent application and file a new patent application with the
same filing date concerning the same invention or revoke the patent application. In the
case of a patent, the person has the right to register the patent, unamended or subject to
amendments, in the person’s name or revoke the patent.
(2) A request stating a choice made pursuant to subsection (1) of this section together
with a copy of the court judgment and, in the prescribed cases, information certifying
payment of the state fee shall be filed with the Patent Office within one month after entry
into force of the court judgment. Upon filing a new patent application or making
amendments to the patent, the person must file the documents of the new patent
application in accordance with the provisions of subsections 19 (1), (2) and (3) of this Act
or, in the case of amendments to the patent, the amended description of the invention and
patent claims with the Patent Office and pay the state fee within three months from the
date of the court judgment which has entered into force. Upon failure to comply with the
abovementioned requirements, the patent application or patent shall be revoked.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(3) Upon satisfaction of an action filed pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the
person who has used the invention or made serious preparations therefor may apply to a
court for the right to use the invention for a charge or free of charge in the person’s
economic or professional activities after the transfer of the patent, provided that the
invention shall be used for the same purposes.
(4) Any person who finds that an invention protected by a patent does not comply
with the provisions of § 8 of this Act, may file an action in court against the proprietor of
the patent for the revocation of the patent in part or in full. The proprietor of the patent
may restrict the scope of patent protection in the course of proceedings in respect of the
action if this will result in the invention complying with the provisions of § 8. A request
for the making of a register entry together with a copy of the court judgment and, in the
prescribed cases, information certifying payment of the state fee shall be filed with the
Patent Office within one month after entry into force of the court judgment. Upon making
amendments to the patent, the proprietor of the patent must file the description of the
invention and patent claims amended pursuant to the court judgment with the Patent
Office and pay the state fee for the making of amendments within three months from the
date of the court judgment which has entered into force.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(5) An action specified in subsection (4) of this section can be filed for the full
revocation of a patent even after the patent has expired.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(6) Revocation of a patent in part or in full shall not be a basis for the annulment of a
court judgment made concerning the infringement of the exclusive right of the proprietor
of the patent or for the cancellation of a contract, including a licence agreement, before
the court judgment on the revocation of the patent in part or in full enters into force. If the
performance of a contract is continued, one party has the right to require the other party
to change the payments or make recalculations.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 50. Contestation of patent in Board of Appeal
(1) Any person may file a revocation application with the Board of Appeal and
request the revocation of a patent within nine months after the publication date of the
notice of issue of the patent.
(2) A patent maybe contested on the basis of the following allegations:
1) the invention does not comply with the provisions of §§ 6, 7 or 8 of this Act;
2) the invention is not disclosed in the description of the invention in a sufficiently
clear and concise manner to enable a person skilled in the art to make the invention;
3) the invention protected by the patent, including an invention separated from an
initial patent application pursuant to subsection 9 (2) or (3) of this Act, does not
correspond to the subject matter of the invention as disclosed in the initial patent
application.
(3) The Board of Appeal has the right:
1) if the revocation application is granted, to require the Patent Office to revoke the
patent provided that the facts set out in the revocation application prejudice the
maintenance of the patent,
2) to reject the revocation application if the facts set out therein do not prejudice the
maintenance of the patent unamended, or
3) if the revocation application is granted in part, to require the Patent Office to
maintain the patent as amended provided that, during the processing of the revocation
application, the proprietor of the patent files a request for the making of such
amendments to the patent which are not contrary to the provisions of this Act and which
eliminate the facts set out in the revocation application as prejudicial to the maintenance
of the patent.
(4) In the case of a decision specified in clause (3) 3) of this section, the proprietor of
the patent must file with the Patent Office the description of the invention and patent
claims amended pursuant to the decision and pay the state fee for the making of
amendments to the patent within three months from the date of the decision.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(5) The Patent Office shall make an entry in the register on the basis of a decision of
the Board of Appeal and shall publish a notice concerning the revocation of a patent or
making of amendments to a patent in the official gazette of the Patent Office. If, in the
case of amendments to a patent, the proprietor of the patent fails to file the prescribed
documents or pay the state fee within the term specified in subsection (4) of this section,
the patent shall be deemed to be revoked and the invention shall be deleted from the
register.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(6) The person who filed a revocation application or the proprietor of a patent may
contest the decision of the Board of Appeal in proceedings on petition in court within
three months from the date on which the decision was made.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 51. Protection of rights of author
(1) The author of an invention may file, without a limitation period, an action in
court upon infringement of the rights provided for in subsection 13 (7) of this Act and for
the resolution of other non-proprietary disputes arising from authorship.
(2) An author may file an action in court for the resolution of a proprietary dispute
relating to the use of an invention within three years as of the date on which the author
becomes or should have become aware of the infringement of the author's right.
§ 52. Protection of rights of applicant
(1) Pursuant to § 30 of this Act, an applicant may file an appeal with the Board of
Appeal or an administrative court against a decision of the Patent Office within two
months as of the date of the decision.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
(2) Upon disagreement with a decision of the Board of Appeal, an applicant may
contest the decision by filing an appeal with an administrative court within three months
as of the date on which the decision is made public.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764; 10.03.2004 entered into
force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(3) An applicant may file an action in court upon infringement of the exclusive right
which took place during the period of provisional protection and may request prevention
of the infringement.
§ 53. Legal remedies in case of unlawful use of invention protected by patent
(1) In the case of unlawful use of an invention protected by a patent, the proprietor of
the patent may demand:
1) compensation for damage caused by unlawful use of the invention pursuant to §
1043 of the Law of Obligations Act;
2) (Repealed - 29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
3) the transfer of that which is received as a result of the unlawful use of the patent
pursuant to §§ 1037 and 1039 of the Law of Obligations Act;
4) termination of the unlawful use of the patent and refraining from further violation
pursuant to § 1055 of the Law of Obligations Act;
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(2) Upon use of an invention protected by a patent in good faith, a court may order
compensation not exceeding the extent of damage caused within five years before the
filing of the action.
(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)
§ 54. Protection of rights of other persons
(1) A person who uses an invention in good faith before a patent application is filed
may file an action in court against the proprietor of the patent for certification of the
person’s right of prior use.
(2) A person who is interested in using a patented invention may file an action in
court against the proprietor of the patent for acquiring a compulsory licence in the cases
specified in subsection 47 (1) of this Act.
(3) A person who uses an invention on the basis of a licence (licensee) may file an
action in court for resolution of a dispute related to the licence.
(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)
(4) A licensee may also file an action upon violation of the exclusive right of the
proprietor of a patent by other persons, unless otherwise provided in the licence
agreement. The licensee shall notify the proprietor of a patent of the licensee’s wish to
file an action beforehand. The obligation to notify is deemed to be performed if the notice
is sent to the proprietor of the patent by registered mail to the address indicated in the
licence agreement or to the address entered in the register of patents.
(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)
(5) Any person may, upon doubt that the person’s activities may infringe the
exclusive right of the proprietor of a patent, file an action in court against the proprietor
of the patent to certify that the existence of the patent does not hinder the person’s
economic or professional activities.
(05.06.2002 entered into force 01.07.2002 - RT I 2002, 53, 336)
(6) Any person against whom an action has been filed on the basis of § 53 of this Act
or misdemeanour proceedings or proceedings relating to a criminal offence have been
commenced in connection with an alleged infringement of the exclusive right of the
proprietor of a patent, has the right, pursuant to subsection 49 (4) of this Act, to file an
action in court against the proprietor of the patent for the revocation of the patent in part
or in full. During the proceedings in respect of the action for the revocation of the patent
in part or in full, proceedings in respect of the action concerning the infringement of the
exclusive right of the proprietor of the patent, misdemeanour or criminal offence shall be
suspended.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
§ 55. Procedure for hearing of disputes related to patents
(1) In the cases provided for in this Act, disputes related to patents shall be heard by
the Board of Appeal or in court.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(2) Actions referred to in §§ 48, 49 and 51, subsections 54 (1), (2), (3), (5) and (6) of
this Act and appeals and actions referred to in §§ 50 and 52 of this Act fall within the
competence of the court in the jurisdiction of which the Patent Office is located. Actions
referred to in § 53 and subsection 54 (4) and § 551 fall within the competence of the
county or city court in the jurisdiction of which the offence occurred. Implementation of
provisional measures referred to in Article 50 of the Agreement on Trade-Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in Annex 1C to the WTO Agreement (RT II 1999,
22, 123) falls within the competence of the county or city court in the jurisdiction of
which the offence occurred.
(29.01.2003 entered into force 01.04.2003 - RT I 2003, 18, 106)
(3) Courts shall hear disputes related to patents pursuant to the procedure provided
for in the Code of Civil Procedure (RT I 1993, 31/32, 538; 1998, 43-45, 666; 1999, 31,
425; 2000, 51, 319; 55, 365; 2001, 21, 113; 34, 186; 53, 313; 93, 565; 2002, 29, 174; 50,
313; 53, 336; 64, 390; 92, 529; 2003, 13, 64; 67; 23, 140; 2004, 30, 208), taking into
consideration the specifications established in this Act.
(25.11.98 entered into force 21.12.98 - RT I 1998, 107, 1768)
(4) A court may refuse to hear a statement of claim if it only concerns a complaint
which is subject to resolution by the Board of Appeal pursuant to this Act and the
complaint has not been reviewed by the Board of Appeal.
(5) The Board of Appeal shall hear complaints filed with the Board of Appeal on the
basis of this Act pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Principles of Legal
Regulation of Industrial Property Act.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
§ 551. Burden of proof
(1) If an action is filed on the basis of the provisions of subsection 15 (2) of this Act,
the defendant is required to prove that the defendant used a process different from the
patented process for manufacturing a similar product.
(2) If the use of a different process cannot be proved, the product shall be deemed to
have been manufactured according to the patented process provided that, in spite of
reasonable efforts, the proprietor of the patent has not succeeded in determining the
process actually used for manufacturing the product and the use of the patented process is
likely or if the product manufactured according to the patented process is new.
(3) Evidence submitted by the defendant containing the defendant’s production or
business secrets may be disclosed only with the consent of the defendant.
(16.06.98 entered into force 25.07.98 - RT I 1998, 64/65, 1003)
§ 56. Acts of court upon filing of statement of claim
(1) In the case of an action specified in subsection 54 (4) of this Act, a copy of the
notice sent to the proprietor of a patent shall be annexed to the statement of claim. If the
copy is missing, the court shall not proceed with the statement of claim and shall
determine a term for the plaintiff for the performance of the obligation to notify.
(2) A court may order, at the request of the plaintiff, that the products or objects
protected by a patent and manufactured without the permission of the proprietor of the
patent, the use of which infringes the exclusive right of the proprietor of the patent, shall
be removed from circulation for the time of hearing the action filed for termination of an
infringement of the exclusive right. If necessary, the court may demand a security from
the plaintiff for compensating for the damage to the defendant upon dismissal of the
action.
(3) In the case specified in subsection (2) of this section, a court may, at the request
of the defendant, order that the possessor of a product or an object may continue the use
of the product or object for a fair fee payable to the proprietor of the patent during the
entire or a part of the remaining time of the term of the patent.
§ 57. Participation of Patent Office
(1) If an appeal against a decision of the Board of Appeal is filed with an
administrative court or a decision of the Board of Appeals contested in court, the Patent
Office has the right to participate in the proceedings as a third party.
(10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(2) A court shall send a copy of the court judgment made in a dispute related to a
patent to the Patent Office for its information even if the Patent Office has not
participated in the proceedings.
§ 58. Representative in resolution of disputes related to patents in court
(1) In resolution of disputes related to patents, in addition to the persons specified in
§ 85 of the Code of Civil Procedure, patent agents may also act as representatives in
court.
(25.11.98 entered into force 21.12.98 - RT I 1998, 107, 1768; 10.03.2004 jõust.
01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(2) (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
(3) (Repealed - 10.03.2004 entered into force 01.05.2004 - RT I 2004, 20, 141)
Chapter XII
Patenting of Inventions in Foreign States
§ 59. Procedure for patenting inventions
(1) Persons whose residence or seat is in the Republic of Estonia may patent their
inventions in foreign states regardless of the patenting thereof in the Republic of Estonia.
(2) Persons whose residence or seat is in the Republic of Estonia are responsible for
patenting their inventions in foreign states in accordance with the law of the foreign state
and international conventions.
§ 60. Filing of international application
International applications are filed pursuant to subsections 32 (3) and (4) of this Act.
Chapter XIII
Implementation of Act
§ 61. Entry into force of Act
(1) The Patents Act enters into force on 23 May 1994.
(2) The provisions of clause 11 (2) 1) of this Act apply after the membership of the
Republic of Estonia in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is
restored.
(3) The provisions of subsection 23 (2) and Chapter VI of this Act do not apply
earlier than three months after the accession of the Republic of Estonia to the Patent
Cooperation Treaty entered into on 19 June 1970 in Washington.
(4) Micro-organism strains are protected by patents after the accession of the
Republic of Estonia to the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the
Deposit of Micro-organisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure of 1977 (RT II 1996,
14/15, 49).
(5) If a patent application is filed within six months after entry into force of this Act,
all priorities shall be recognised on the basis of a first patent application or registration
application of a utility model which is filed in any State party to the Paris Convention of
the Protection of Industrial Property and which is not filed earlier than on 20 August
1990.
(6) Supplementary protection for medicinal products or plant protection products
which are registered and which contain an active substance protected by a basic patent
issued prior to 1 January 2000 may be applied for until 30 June 2000.
(27.10.1999 entered into force 01.01.2000 - RT I 1999, 84, 764)
§ 62. Repeal of Acts
§§ 521-523 of Part V and §§ 524-530 of Part VI of the Estonian SSR Civil Code are
repealed.
1 RT = Riigi Teataja = State Gazette
2 Riigikogu = the parliament of Estonia