Constitución de Belice, Belice, WIPO Lex

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Inglés Constitution of Belize

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ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Preamble
PART I: The State and The Constitution
PART II: Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
PART III: Citizenship
PART IV: The Governor-General
PART V: The Executive
PART VI: The Legislature
PART VII:The Judiciary
PART VIII:The Public Service
PART IX: Finance
PART X: Miscellaneous
PART XI:Transitional Provisions
PART XII: Repeal and Date of Commencement
SCHEDULE 1 TO THE CONSTITUTION Definition of Belize
SCHEDULE 2 TO THE CONSTITUTION: Alteration of Constitution
SCHEDULE 3 TO THE CONSTITUTION Form of Oath and Affirmation
SCHEDULE 4 TO THE CONSTITUTION Revocations

BELIZE

BELIZE CONSTITUTION ACT CHAPTER 4

REVISED EDITION 2000

SHOWING THE LAW AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 2000

This is a revised edition of the law, prepared by the Law Revision Commissioner under the authority of the Law Revision Act, Chapter 3 of the Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 1980 - 1990.

This edition contains a consolidation of the following laws-Page

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 3

BELIZE CONSTITUTION ACT 13

Amendments in force as at 31st December, 2000.

BELIZE

BELIZE CONSTITUTION ACT CHAPTER 4

REVISED EDITION 2000

SHOWING THE LAW AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 2000

This is a revised edition of the law, prepared by the Law Revision Commissioner under the authority of the Law Revision Act, Chapter 3 of the Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 1980 - 1990.

This edition contains a consolidation of the following laws-Page

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 3

BELIZE CONSTITUTION ACT 13

Amendments in force as at 31st December, 2000.

CHAPTER 4

BELIZE CONSTITUTION ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I

The State and The Constitution

The State.
Constitution is supreme law. PART II

Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms

Fundamental rights and freedoms.
Protection of right to life.
Protection of right to personal liberty.
Protection of law.
Protection from inhuman treatment.
Protection from slavery and forced labour.
Protection from arbitrary search or entry.
Protection of freedom of movement.
Protection of freedom of conscience.
Protection of freedom of expression.
Protection of freedom of assembly and association.

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Protection of right of privacy.
Protection of right to work.
Protection from discrimination on the grounds of race, etc.
Protection from deprivation of property.
Provisions for periods of public emergency.
Protection of persons detained under emergency laws.
Enforcement of protective provisions.
Protection of existing laws.
Interpretation and savings.

PART III

Citizenship

Persons who become citizens on Independence Day.
Persons born in Belize on or after Independence Day.
Persons born outside Belize on or after Independence Day.
Registration.
Dual nationality.
Citizenship legislation.
Interpretation.

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PART IV

The Governor-General

Establishment of office.
Acting Governor-General.
Oath to be taken by Governor-General.
Deputy to Governor-General’s functions.
Exercise of Governor-General.
Governor-General to be informed concerning matters of government.

PART V

The Executive

Executive authority.
Prime Minister.
Deputy Prime Minister.
Performance of functions of Prime Minister during absence or illness.
Ministers of Government.
Allocation of portfolios to Ministers.
Attorney-General.
Performance of functions of Ministers during absence or illness.

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Cabinet.
Ministers of State.
Oath to be taken by Ministers, etc.
Leader of the Opposition.
Permanent Secretaries.
Secretary to the Cabinet.
Control of public prosecutions.
Constitution of offices, etc.
Prerogative of mercy.
Procedure in capital cases.
Belize Advisory Council. PART VI

The Legislature

Establishment of Legislature.
Composition of House of Representatives.
Qualifications for election as member.
Disqualifications for election as member.
Tenure of office of members.
Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
Composition of Senate.

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Qualifications for appointment of Senator.
Disqualifications for appointment as Senator.
Tenure of office of Senator.
Appointment of temporary Senators.
President and Vice-President.
Clerks to Houses of National Assembly.
Power to make laws.
Alteration of Constitution.
Regulation of procedure in National Assembly, etc.
Oath to be taken by members of National Assembly.
Presiding in House of Representatives and Senate.
Voting.
Freedom of speech.
Validity of proceedings.
Quorum.
Introduction of Bills, etc.
Restriction on powers of Senate as to money Bills.
Restriction on powers of Senate as to Bills other than money Bills.
Provisions relating to sections 77, 78 and 79.
Mode of exercise of legislative power.

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Words of enactment.
Sessions of Legislature, etc.
Prorogation and dissolution of Legislature.
General elections and appointment of Senators.
Determination of questions as to membership of National Assembly.
Unqualified persons sitting or voting.
Elections and Boundaries Commission.
Electoral divisions.
Increase of electoral divisions.
Redivision of electoral divisions.
Conduct of voting.
Conduct of elections, etc.

PART VII

The Judiciary

Establishment of Supreme Court and Court of Appeal.
The Supreme Court.
Reference of constitutional questions to Supreme Court.
Appointment of justices of Supreme Court.
Tenure of office of justices of Supreme Court.

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Oath to be taken by justices of Supreme Court.
Appeals to the Court of Appeal.
Appointment of Justices of Appeal.
Tenure of office of Justices of Appeal.
Oath to be taken by Justices of Appeal.
Appeals to Her Majesty in Council.

PART VIII

The Public Service

Public Services Commission.
Appointment, etc., of public officers.
Appointment, etc., of permanent secretaries and certain other officers.
Director of Public Prosecutions.
Auditor-General.

Appointment, etc., of junior police officers.
110A. Appointment, etc., of junior SIS officers and employees. 110B. Appointment, etc., of junior officers of Prison Service.

Appeals in discipline cases.
Pension laws and protection of pension rights.
Grant and withholding of pensions, etc.

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10	CAP. 4]	Belize Constitution
		PART IX
		Finance
	114.	Establishment of Consolidated Revenue Fund.
	115.	Authorisation of expenditure from Consolidated Revenue Fund.
	116. 117. 118.	Authorisation of expenditure in advance of appropriation. Contingencies Fund. Remuneration of certain officers.
	119. 120.	Public debt. Audit of public accounts, etc.
		PART X
		Miscellaneous
	121.	Code of Conduct.
	122. 123. 124. 125.	National Symbols. Powers of appointment and acting appointments. Reappointments and concurrent appointments. Removal from office.
	126. 127. 128.	Resignations. Saving for jurisdiction of courts. Power to amend and revoke instruments, etc.

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Belize Constitution		[CAP. 4	11
129.	Consultation.
130.	National Seal.
131.	Interpretation.
	PART XI
	Transitional Provisions
132.	Interpretation for this Part.
133.	The Constitution - transitional powers.
134.	Existing laws.
135.	First Governor-General.
136.	Ministers.
137.	National Assembly.
138.	Existing public officers.
139.	Supreme Court and Court of Appeal.
140.	Alteration of this Part.

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12	CAP. 4]	Belize Constitution
	141. 142.	PART XII Repeal and Date of Commencement Commencement. Revocations.
		FIRST SCHEDULE SECOND SCHEDULE THIRD SCHEDULE FOURTH SCHEDULE

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CAP. 4,

CHAPTER 4

R. E. 1980-1990. 14 of 1981.

BELIZE CONSTITUTION

14 of 1985. 26 of 1988. 42 of 1999.

[21st September, 1981] _{Commencement.}

WHEREAS the people of Belize

(a): affirm that the Nation of Belize shall be founded upon principles which acknowledge the supremacy of God, faith in human rights and fundamental freedoms, the position of the family in a society of free men and free institutions, the dignity of the human person and the equal and inalienable rights with which all members of the human family are endowed by their Creator;
(b): respect the principles of social justice and therefore believe that the operation of the economic system must result in the material resources of the community being so distributed as to subserve the common good, that there should be adequate means of livelihood for all, that labour should not be exploited or forced by economic necessity to operate in inhumane conditions but that there should be opportunity for advancement on the basis of recognition of merit, ability and integrity, that equal protection should be given to children regardless of their social status, and that a just system should be ensured to provide for education and health on the basis of equality;
(c): believe that the will of the people shall form the basis of government in a democratic society in which the government is freely elected by universal adult suffrage and in which all persons may, to the extent of their capacity, play some part in the institutions of national life and thus develop and maintain due respect for lawfully constituted authority;
(d): recognise that men and institutions remain free only when freedom is founded upon respect for moral and spiritual values and upon the rule of law;

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(e): require policies of state which protect and safeguard the unity, freedom, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Belize; which eliminate economic and social privilege and disparity among the citizens of Belize whether by race, colour, creed or sex; which protect the rights of the individual to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; which preserve the right of the individual to the ownership of private property and the right to operate private businesses; which prohibit the exploitation of man by man or by the state; which ensure a just system of social security and welfare; which protect the environment; which promote international peace, security and co-operation among nations, the establishment of a just and equitable international economic and social order in the world with respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings among nations;
(f): desire that their society shall reflect and enjoy the above mentioned principles, beliefs and needs and that their Constitution should therefore enshrine and make provisions for ensuring the achievement of the same in Belize;

NOW, THEREFORE, the following provisions shall have effect as the Constitution of Belize:

PART I

The State and The Constitution

The State. 1.-(1) Belize shall be a sovereign democratic State of Central America in the Caribbean region.

(2) Belize comprises the land and sea areas defined in Schedule 1 to this Constitution, which immediately before Independence Day constituted the colony of Belize.

Constitution is 2. This Constitution is the supreme law of Belize and if any other law is supreme law. inconsistent with this Constitution that other law shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be void.

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PART II

Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms

3. Whereas every person in Belize is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all of the following, namely

(a): life, liberty, security of the person, and the protection of the law;
(b): freedom of conscience, of expression and of assembly and association;
(c): protection for his family life, his personal privacy, the privacy of his home and other property and recognition of his human dignity; and
(d): protection from arbitrary deprivation of property,

the provisions of this Part shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to those rights and freedoms subject to such limitations of that protection as are contained in those provisions, being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any person does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.

4.-(1) A person shall not be deprived of his life intentionally save in execution of the sentence of a court in respect of a criminal offence under any law of which he has been convicted.

(2) A person shall not be regarded as having been deprived of his life in contravention of this section if he dies as the result of the use, to such extent and in such circumstances as are permitted by law, of such force as is reasonably justifiable

(a) for the defence of any person from violence or for the defence of property;

Fundamental rights and freedoms.

Protection of right to life.

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(b): in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained;
(c): for the purpose of suppressing a riot, insurrection or mutiny; or
(d): in order to prevent the commission by that person of a criminal offence,

or if he dies as the result of a lawful act of war.

Protection of 5.-(1) A person shall not be deprived of his personal liberty save as right to personal may be authorised by law in any of the following cases, that is to say: liberty.

(a): in consequence of his unfitness to plead to a criminal charge or in execution of the sentence or order of a court, whether established for Belize or some other country, in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been convicted;
(b): in execution of the order of the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal punishing him for contempt of the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal or of another court or tribunal;
(c): in execution of the order of a court made to secure the fulfilment of any obligation imposed on him by law;
(d): for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court;
(e): upon a reasonable suspicion of his having committed, or being about to commit, a criminal offence under any law;
(f): under the order of a court or with the consent of his parent or guardian, for his education or welfare during any period ending not later than the date when he attains the age of eighteen years;
(g): for the purpose of preventing the spread of an infectious or contagious disease;

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Belize Constitution		[CAP. 4	17
(h)	in the case of a person who is, or is reasonably suspected to be, of unsound mind, addicted to drugs or alcohol, or a vagrant, for the purpose of his care or treatment or the protection of the community;
(i)	for the purpose of preventing his unlawful entry into Belize, or for the purpose of effecting his expulsion, extradition or other lawful removal from Belize or for the purpose of restraining him while he is being conveyed through Belize in the course of his extradition or removal as a convicted prisoner from one country to another; or
(j)	to such extent as may be necessary in the execution of a lawful order requiring him to remain within a specified area within Belize, or prohibiting him from being within such an area, or to such extent as may be reasonably justifiable for the taking of proceedings against him with a view to the making of any such order or relating to such an order after it has been made, or to such extent as may be reasonably justifiable for restraining him during any visit that he is permitted to make to any part of Belize in which, in consequence of any such order, his presence would otherwise be unlawful.
(2)	Any person who is arrested or detained shall be entitled
(a)	to be informed promptly, and in any case no later than forty-eight hours after such arrest or detention, in a language he understands, of the reasons for his arrest or detention;
(b)	to communicate without delay and in private with a legal practitioner of his choice and, in the case of a minor, with his parents or guardian, and to have adequate opportunity to give instructions to a legal practitioner of his choice;
(c)	to be informed immediately upon his arrest of his rights under paragraph (b) of this subsection; and
(d)	to the remedy by way of habeas corpus for determining the validity of his detention.

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(3): Any person who is arrested or detained
(a): for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court; or
(b): upon reasonable suspicion of his having committed, or being about to commit, a criminal offence under any law,

and who is not released, shall be brought before a court without undue delay and in any case not later than seventy-two hours after such arrest or detention.

(3): (b) of this section is not tried within a reasonable time, then without prejudice to any further proceedings that may be brought against him, he shall, unless he is released, be entitled to bail on reasonable conditions.
(7): For the purposes of subsection (1) (a) of this section a person charged before a court with a criminal offence in respect of whom a special verdict has been returned that he was guilty of the act or omission charged but was insane when he did the act or made the omission shall be regarded as a person who has been convicted of a criminal offence and the detention of a person in consequence of such a verdict shall be regarded as detention in execution of the order of a court.

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6.-(1) All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any dis-Protection of crimination to the equal protection of the law. law.

(2) If any person is charged with a criminal offence, then, unless the charge is withdrawn, the case shall be afforded a fair hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial court established by law.

(3): Every person who is charged with a criminal offence
(a): shall be presumed to be innocent until he is proved or has pleaded guilty;
(b): shall be informed as soon as reasonably practicable, in a language that he understands, of the nature and particulars of the offence charged;
(c): shall be given adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;
(d): shall be permitted to defend himself before the court in person or, at his own expense, by a legal practitioner of his own choice;
(e): shall be afforded facilities to examine in person or by his legal representative the witnesses called by the prosecution before the court, and to obtain the attendance and carry out the examination of witnesses to testify on his behalf before the court on the same conditions as those applying to witnesses called by the prosecution; and
(f): shall be permitted to have without payment the assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand the language used at the trial,

and except with his own consent the trial shall not take place in his absence unless he so conducts himself as to render the continuance of the proceedings in his presence impracticable and the court has ordered him to be removed and the trial to proceed in his absence:

Provided that the trial may take place in his absence in any case in

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which it is so provided by a law under which he is entitled to adequate notice of the charge and the date, time and place of the trial and to a reasonable opportunity of appearing before the court.

(4): A person shall not be held to be guilty of a criminal offence on account of any act or omission that did not, at the time it took place, constitute such an offence, and no penalty shall be imposed for any criminal offence that is severer in degree or description than the maximum penalty that might have been imposed for that offence at the time when it was committed.
(5): A person who shows that he has been tried by a competent court for a criminal offence and either convicted or acquitted shall not again be tried for that offence or for any other criminal offence of which he could have been convicted at the trial for that offence, save upon the order of a superior court in the course of appeal or review proceedings relating to the conviction or acquittal.
(6): A person who is tried for a criminal offence shall not be compelled to give evidence at the trial.
(7): Any court or other authority prescribed by law for the determination of the existence or extent of any civil right or obligation shall be established by law and shall be independent and impartial; and where proceedings for such a determination are instituted by any person before such a court or other authority, the case shall be given a fair hearing within a reasonable time.
(8): Except with the agreement of all the parties thereto, all proceedings of every court and proceedings for the determination of the existence or extent of any civil right or obligation before any other authority, including the announcement of the decision of the court or other authority, shall be held in public.
(9): Nothing in subsection (8) of this section shall prevent the court or other adjudicating authority from excluding from the proceedings persons other than the parties thereto and the legal practitioners representing them to such extent as the court or other authority

(a) may by law be empowered to do and may consider necessary or expedient in circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice or in interlocutory proceed-

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ings or in the interests of public morality, the welfare of persons under the age of eighteen years or the protection of the private lives of persons concerned in the proceedings; or

(b) may by law be empowered or required to do in the interests of defence, public safety or public order.

(11): In the case of any person who is held in lawful detention the provisions of subsection (2) and paragraphs (d) and (e) of subsection (3) of this section shall not apply in relation to his trial for a criminal offence under the law regulating the discipline of persons held in such detention.
(12): In this section, “criminal offence” means a criminal offence under a law.

7. No person shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading Protection from

punishment or other treatment. inhuman treatment.

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8.-(1) No person shall be held in slavery or servitude.

slavery and forced labour.

(2) No person shall be required to perform forced labour.

(3) For the purposes of this section, the expression “forced labour” does not include

(a): any labour required in consequence of the sentence or order of a court;
(b): labour required of any person while he is lawfully detained that, though not required in consequence of the sentence or order of a court, is reasonably necessary in the interests of hygiene or for the maintenance of the place at which he is detained;
(c): any labour required of a member of a disciplined force in pursuance of his duties as such or, in the case of a person who has conscientious objections to service as a member of a naval, military or air force, any labour that that person is required by law to perform in place of such service; or
(d): any labour required during any period of public emergency or in the event of any accident or natural calamity that threatens the life and well-being of the community, to the extent that the requiring of such labour is reasonably justifiable in the circumstances of any situation arising or existing during that period or as a result of that accident or natural calamity, for the purpose of dealing with that situation.

Protection from 9.-(1) Except with his own consent, a person shall not be subjected to the arbitrary search search of his person or his property or the entry by others on his or entry. premises.

(2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes reasonable provision

(a) that is required in the interests of defence, public safety, public

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order, public morality, public health, town and country planning, the development and utilisation of mineral resources or the development or utilisation of any property for a purpose beneficial to the community;

(b): that is required for the purpose of protecting the rights or freedoms of other persons;
(c): that authorises an officer or agent of the Government, a local government authority or a body corporate established by law for public purposes to enter on the premises of any person in order to inspect those premises or anything thereon for the purpose of any tax, rate or due or in order to carry out work connected with any property that is lawfully on those premises and that belongs to the Government or to that authority or body corporate, as the case may be; or
(d): that authorises, for the purpose of enforcing the judgment or order of the court in any civil proceedings, the search of any person or property by order of a court or entry upon any premises by such order.

10.-(1) A person shall not be deprived of his freedom of movement, that is to Protection of say, the right to move freely throughout Belize, the right to reside in any part of freedom of Belize, the right to enter Belize, the right to leave Belize and immunity from movement. expulsion from Belize.

(2): Any restriction on a person’s freedom of movement that is involved in his lawful detention shall not be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section.
(3): Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes reasonable provision

(a) for the imposition of restrictions on the movement or residence within Belize of any person or on any person’s right to leave Belize that are required in the interests of defence, public safety or public order;

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24	CAP. 4]		Belize Constitution
		(b)	for the imposition of restrictions on the movement or residence within Belize or on the right to leave Belize of persons generally or any class of persons in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health or, in respect of the right to leave Belize, of securing compliance with any international obligation of the Government;
		(c)	for the imposition of restrictions, by order of a court, on the movement or residence within Belize of any person or on any person’s right to leave Belize either in consequence of his having been found guilty of a criminal offence under a law or for the purpose of ensuring that he appears before a court at a later date for trial of such a criminal offence or for proceedings preliminary to trial or for proceedings relating to his extradition or lawful removal from Belize;
		(d)	for the imposition of restrictions on the freedom of movement of any person who is not a citizen of Belize;
		(e)	for the imposition of restrictions on the acquisition or use by any person of land or other property in Belize;
		(f)	for the imposition of restrictions on the movement or residence within Belize or on the right to leave Belize of any officer in the public service that are required for the proper performance of his functions;
		(g)	for the removal of a person from Belize to be tried or punished in some other country for a criminal offence under the law of that other country or to undergo imprisonment in some other country in execution of the sentence of a court in respect of a criminal offence under a law of which he has been convicted; or
		(h)	for the imposition of restrictions on the right of any person to leave Belize that are required in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation imposed on that person by law.
		(4)	If any person whose freedom of movement has been restricted

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by virtue of such a provision as is referred to in subsection (3) (a) of this section so requests at any time during the period of that restriction not earlier than twenty-one days after the order was made or three months after he last made such a request, as the case may be, his case shall be reviewed by an independent and impartial tribunal presided over by a person appointed by the Chief Justice from among persons who are legal practitioners.

(2): Except with his own consent (or, if he is a person under the age of eighteen years, the consent of his parent or guardian) a person attending any place of education, detained in any prison or corrective institution or serving in a naval, military or air force shall not be required to receive religious instruction or to take part in or attend any religious ceremony or observance if that instruction, ceremony or observance relates to a religion which is not his own.
(3): Every recognised religious community shall be entitled, at its own expense, to establish and maintain places of education and to manage any place of education which it maintains; and no such community shall be prevented from providing religious instruction for persons of that community in the course of any education provided by that community whether or not it is in receipt of a government subsidy or other form of financial assistance designed to meet in whole or in part the cost of such course of education.
(4): A person shall not be compelled to take any oath which is contrary to his religion or belief or to take any oath in a manner which is contrary to his religion or belief.

(5) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law

Protection of freedom of conscience.

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Protection of freedom of expression.

shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision which is reasonably required

(a): in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health;
(b): for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedoms of other persons, including the right to observe and practise any religion without the unsolicited intervention of members of any other religion; or
(c): for the purpose of regulating educational institutions in the interest of the persons who receive or may receive instruction in them.

(6): References in this section to a religion shall be construed as including references to a religious denomination, and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly.

(2): Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes reasonable provision

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of communication, public exhibitions or public entertainments;
or
(c) that imposes restrictions on officers in the public service that
are required for the proper performance of their functions.
13.-(1) Except with his own consent, a person shall not be hindered in the	Protection of
enjoyment of his freedom of assembly and association, that is to say, his right to	freedom of
assemble freely and associate with other persons and in particular to form or	assembly and
belong to trade unions or other associations for the protection of his interests or	association.
to form or belong to political parties or other political associations.
(2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law
shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the
extent that the law in question makes reasonable provision
(a) that is required in the interests of defence, public safety,
public order, public morality or public health;
(b) that is required for the purpose of protecting the rights or free
doms of other persons;
(c) that imposes restrictions on officers in the public service that
are required for the proper performance of their functions; or
(d) that is required to prohibit any association the membership of
which is restricted on grounds of race or colour.
14.-(1) A person shall not be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference	Protection of
with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on	right of
his honour and reputation. The private and family life, the home and the per-	privacy.
sonal correspondence of every person shall be respected.
(2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law
shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the
extent that the law in question makes provision of the kind specified in subsec
tion (2) of section 9 of this Constitution.
15.-(1) No person shall be denied the opportunity to gain his living by work	Protection of
which he freely chooses or accepts, whether by pursuing a profession or occu	right to work.

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pation or by engaging in a trade or business, or otherwise.

(2): It shall not be inconsistent with subsection (1) of this section to require, as a condition for embarking upon or continuing work, the payment of professional fees, trade or business licence fees, or similar charges, or the possession of appropriate licences or qualifications.

Protection from 16.-(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (7) of this secdiscrimination on tion, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in the grounds of its effect. race, etc.

(2): Subject to the provisions of subsections (6), (7) and (8) of this section, no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person or authority.
(3): In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4): Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision

(a) for the appropriation of public revenues or other public funds;

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(b): with respect to persons who are not citizens of Belize;
(c): for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters which is the personal law of persons of that description; or

(d) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage that, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable.

(5): Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (1) of this section to the extent that it makes provision with respect to standards or qualifications (not being standards or qualifications specifically relating to sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed) to be required of any person who is appointed to or to act in any office or employment.
(6): Subsection (2) of this section shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorised to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in subsection (4) or subsection (5) of this section.
(7): Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by sections 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of this Constitution, being such a restriction as is authorised by section 9(2), paragraph (a), (b) or (h) of section 10(3), section 11(5), section 12(2) or section 13(2), as the case may be.
(8): Nothing contained in subsection (2) of this section shall affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this

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Constitution or any other law.

Protection from 17.-(1) No property of any description shall be compulsorily taken posses-deprivation of sion of and no interest in or right over property of any description shall be property. compulsorily acquired except by or under a law that

(a): prescribes the principles on which and the manner in which reasonable compensation therefor is to be determined and given within a reasonable time; and

(iii) determining the amount of the compensation to which he may be entitled; and

(iv) enforcing his right to any such compensation.

(2) Nothing in this section shall invalidate any law by reason only that it provides for the taking possession of any property or the acquisition of any interest in or right over property

(a): in satisfaction of any tax, rate or due;
(b): by way of penalty for breach of the law or forfeiture in consequence of a breach of the law;
(c): by way of taking a sample for the purposes of any law;
(d): as an incident of any deposit required to be made with the Government of a reasonable number of copies of every book, magazine, newspaper or other printed work published in Belize;

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Belize Constitution
(e)	where the property consists of an animal, upon its being found trespassing or straying;
(f)	as an incident of a lease, tenancy, mortgage, charge, bill of sale or any other right or obligation arising under a contract;
(g)	by way of requiring persons carrying on business in Belize to deposit money with the Government or an agency of the Government for the purpose of controlling credit or investment in Belize;
(h)	by way of the vesting and administration of trust property, enemy property, the property of deceased persons, persons of unsound mind or persons adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt or the property of companies or other societies (whether incorporated or not) in the course of being wound up;
(i)	in the execution of judgments or orders of courts;
(j)	in consequence of any law with respect to the limitation of actions;
(k)	by reason of its being in a dangerous state or injurious to the health of human beings, animals or plants;
(l)	for the purpose of marketing property of that description in the common interests of the various persons otherwise entitled to dispose of that property; or
(m)	for so long only as may be necessary for the purpose of an examination, investigation, trial or enquiry or, in the case of land, the carrying out on the land
	(i)	of work of soil conservation or the conservation of other natural resources; or
	(ii)	of agricultural development or improvement which the owner or occupier of the land has been required and has without reasonable and lawful excuse refused or failed to carry out.

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Provisions for 18.-(1) In this Part, “period of public emergency” means any period during periods of public which emergency.

(a): Belize is engaged in any war; or
(b): there is in force a proclamation by the Governor-General declaring that a state of public emergency exists; or
(c): there is in force a resolution of the National Assembly declaring that democratic institutions in Belize are threatened by subversion.

(2): The Governor-General may, by proclamation which shall be published in the Gazette, declare that a state of public emergency exists for the purposes of this Part.
(4): A proclamation made under subsection (2) of this section may be made so as to apply only to such part of Belize as may be specified in the proclamation (in this subsection called “the emergency area”), in which case regulations made under subsection (9) of this section shall except as otherwise expressly provided in such regulations have effect only in the emergency area.

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(7): A resolution of the National Assembly for the purposes of subsection (1) (c) of this section, and a resolution of the National Assembly extending or revoking any such resolution, shall not be passed unless it is supported by the votes of two-thirds of the members of the House of Representatives present and voting.
(8): Any provision of this section that a proclamation or resolution shall lapse or cease to be in force at any particular time is without prejudice to the making of a further such proclamation or resolution whether before or after that time.
(9): During any period of public emergency, the following provisions shall have effect

(a) the Governor-General may make such regulations as are necessary or expedient for securing public safety, the defence of Belize, the maintenance of public order and the suppression of

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mutiny, rebellion and riot, and for maintaining supplies and services essential to the life of the community;

(b): any such regulations may empower such authorities or persons as may be specified in the regulations to make orders and rules for any of the purposes for which such regulations are authorised by this subsection to be made and may contain such incidental and supplementary provisions as are necessary or expedient for the purposes of the regulations;
(c): any such regulations or any order or rule made in pursuance of such regulations may amend or suspend the operation of any law and shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any law;
(d): in this subsection, “law” does not include this Constitution or any provision thereof or any law that alters this Constitution or any provision thereof.

(10) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law (including any regulations made under subsection (9) of this section) shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of section 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17 of this Constitution to the extent that the law in question makes in relation to any period of public emergency provision, or authorises the doing during any such period of anything, that is reasonably justifiable in the circumstances of any situation arising or existing during the period for the purpose of dealing with that situation.

Protection of 19.-(1) When a person is detained by virtue of a law that authorises the taking persons detained during a period of public emergency of measures that are reasonably justifiunder emergency able for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists in Belize during that laws. period, the following provisions shall apply, that is to say

(a): he shall, with reasonable promptitude and in any case not more than seven days after the commencement of his detention, be informed in a language that he understands of the grounds upon which he is detained and furnished with a written statement in English specifying the particulars of those grounds;
(b): not more than fourteen days after the commencement of his

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detention, a notification shall be published in the Gazette stating that he has been detained and giving particulars of the provision of law under which his detention is authorised;

(c): not more than one month after the commencement of his detention and thereafter during his detention at intervals of not more than three months, his case shall be reviewed by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law and presided over by a person appointed by the Chief Justice from among persons who are legal practitioners;
(d): he shall be afforded reasonable facilities for private communication and consultation with a legal practitioner of his own choice who shall be permitted to make representations to the tribunal appointed for the review of the case of the detained person; and
(e): at the hearing of his case by the tribunal appointed for the review of his case he shall be permitted to appear in person or to be represented by a legal practioner of his own choice.

(2): On any review by a tribunal in pursuance of this section of the case of a detained person, the tribunal may make recommendations concerning the necessity or expediency of continuing his detention to the authority by which it was ordered but, unless it is otherwise provided by law, that authority shall not be obliged to act in accordance with any such recommendations.
(3): Nothing contained in subsection (1) (d) or subsection (1) (e) of this section shall be construed as entitling a person to legal representation at public expense.

20.-(1) If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 Enforcement of inclusive of this Constitution has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in protective relation to him (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person provisions. alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the Supreme Court for redress.

(2) The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction-

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(a): to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section; and
(b): to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section,

and may make such declarations and orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 inclusive of this Constitution:

Provided that the Supreme Court may decline to exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.

(3): If in any proceedings in any court (other than the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court or a court-martial ) any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 inclusive of this Constitution, the person presiding in that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the Supreme Court unless, in his opinion, the raising of this question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(5): Where any question is referred to the Supreme Court in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section, the Supreme Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to Her Majesty in Council, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of Her Majesty in Council.

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(6): Notwithstanding the validity of any law under section 9 (2), 10 (3), 11 (5), 12 (2), 13 (2) or 16 (4) (d) of this Constitution, any act or thing done under the authority of such law shall be unlawful if such act or thing is shown not to be reasonably required in the actual circumstances in which it is done.
(7): The Supreme Court shall have such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may be conferred on it by the National Assembly for the purpose of enabling it more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred on it by this section.
(8): The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the Supreme Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by or under this section (including rules with respect to the time within which applications may be brought and references shall be made to the Surpeme Court).

21. Nothing contained in any law in force immediately before Independence Day nor anything done under the authority of any such law shall, for a period of five years after Independence Day, be held to be inconsistent with or done in contravention of any of the provisions of this Part.

22.-(1) In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires

“contravention”, in relation to any requirement, includes a failure to comply with that requirement, and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;

“court” means any court of law having jurisdiction in Belize other than a court established by a disciplinary law, and includes Her Majesty in Council and in sections 4 and 8 of this Constitution a court established by a disciplinary law;

“disciplinary law” means a law regulating the discipline of any disciplined force;

“disciplined force means

(a) a naval, military or air force;

Protection of existing laws.

Interpretation and savings.

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42 of 1999.

Persons who become citizens on Independence Day. 14 of 1985

1948 c. 56 (U.K.)

(b): the Belize Police Department;
(c): a prison service; or
(d): any such other force or service as may be prescribed by the National Assembly;

“legal practitioner” means a person admitted and enrolled as an attorney-atlaw under the laws of Belize;

“member”, in relation to a disciplined force, includes any person who, under the law regulating the discipline of that force, is subject to that discipline.

(2): In relation to any person who is a member of a disciplined force of Belize, nothing contained in or done under the authority of the disciplinary law of that force shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of any of the provisions of this Part other than sections 4, 7 and 8 of this Constitution.
(3): In relation to any person who is a member of a disciplined force of a country other than Belize that is lawfully present in Belize, nothing contained in or done under the authority of the disciplinary law of that force shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of any of the provisions of this Part.

PART III

Citizenship

23.-(1) Every person born in Belize, immediately before Independence Day, shall become a citizen of Belize on Independence Day.

(2) Every person who, immediately before Independence Day, is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies

(a): having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act 1948 by virtue of his having been naturalised in Belize as a British subject before that Act came into force; or
(b): having while resident in Belize become such a citizen by

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virtue of his having been naturalised or registered under that Act,

shall become a citizen of Belize on Independence Day.

(3): Every person born outside Belize, before Independence Day, shall become a citizen of Belize on Independence Day if his father or mother becomes, or would but for his death or the renunciation of his citizenship have become, a citizen of Belize by virtue of subsection (1) or (2) of this section.
(4): Every person born outside Belize before Independence Day shall become a citizen of Belize on Independence Day if one of his grandparents becomes, or would but for his death or renunciation of his citizenship have become, a citizen of Belize by virtue of subsection (1) or (2) of this section.
(5): Every woman shall become a citizen of Belize on Independence Day if immediately before Independence Day, she is married to a person who becomes or, but for his death or the renunciation of his citizenship, would have become a citizen of Belize by virtue of subsection (1), (2),
(3): or (4) of this section.
(6): In this section, “the British Nationality Act 1948" includes any Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom amending that Act.

24. Every person born in Belize on or after Independence Day shall become a citizen of Belize at the date of his birth:

Provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Belize by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth

(a): neither of his parents is a citizen of Belize and his father or mother possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Belize; or
(b): his father or mother is a citizen of a country with which Belize is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country.

1948. c. 56 (U.K.)

Persons born in Belize on or after Independence Day.

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Persons born outside Belize on or after Independence Day. 14 of 1985.	25. A person born outside Belize on or after Independence Day shall become a citizen of Belize at the date of his birth if, at that date, his father or mother is a citizen of Belize.
Registration. 14 of 1985.	26.-(1) The following persons may, upon making application at any time after Independence Day, be registered as citizens of Belize
	(a) any person who is married to a citizen of Belize;
	(b) any person who has been resident continuously in Belize for a period of five years immediately before the date of his application;
	(c) any person who makes a substantial contribution to the economy and/or well being of Belize or who has rendered distinguished service to Belize.
	(2) The National Assembly shall prescribe by law the procedure for making and determining applications, and the conditions to be fulfilled by persons making applications, for registration under this section.
	(3) A person registered as a citizen of Belize under this section shall become a citizen of Belize on the date on which he is so registered.
Dual nationality. 14 of 1985.	27. A citizen of Belize by birth or descent who acquires the citizenship of any other country may, if the laws of the other country so permit and at his option, retain his citizenship of Belize.
Citizenship legislation.	28. The National Assembly may make provision, not inconsistent with this Part, in respect of citizenship, including provision for
	(a) the acquisition of citizenship of Belize by persons who are not eligible or who are no longer eligible to become citizens of Belize under this Part;
	(b) depriving any person of his citizenship of Belize;
	(c) the renunciation by any person of his citizenship of Belize.

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29.-(1) For the purposes of this Part, a person born aboard a registered ship	Interpretation.
or aircraft, or aboard an unregistered ship or aircraft of the government of any
country, shall be deemed to have been born in the place in which the ship or
aircraft was registered or, as the case may be, in that country.
(2) Any reference in this Part to the national status of the father of
a person at the time of that person’s birth shall, in relation to a person born after
the death of his father, be construed as a reference to the national status of the
father at the time of the father’s death; and where that death occurred before
Independence Day and the birth occurred on or after Independence Day the
national status that the father would have had if he had died on Independence
Day shall be deemed to be his national status at the time of his death.
(3) No person shall be entitled under the provisions of this Part to	14 of 1985.
be a citizen of Belize or be granted citizenship of Belize if such person shows
any allegiance to or is a citizen of a country which does not recognise the inde
pendence, sovereignty or territorial integrity of Belize:
Provided that the Minister may in his discretion grant Belizean citizen
ship to persons falling under this subsection who would otherwise be entitled to
such citizenship under the provisions of sections 23 and 25 of this Constitution.
(4) Where a person born outside Belize is entitled to be a citizen of
Belize under the provisions of this Part, the right to Belizean citizenship shall not
be deemed to accrue upon the conditions giving rise to such entitlement arising
but the citizenship shall be sought for by the person entitled to or on his behalf
and obtained by the grant by the Minister of proper certification affirming his
citizenship.
(5) Where a person claiming citizenship by birth, descent or regis
tration makes an application or request for the grant of citizenship the stay of
such person in Belize shall not be considered illegal under the provisions of any
law for so long and only for so long as such stay is necessary for the disposal of
his application. His right of abode, or that of his wife or dependents if any
under the age of eighteen years, shall not be affected pending the disposal of his
application.

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Establishment of

office.

Acting Governor-General.

Oath to be taken

by Governor-

General.

Deputy to

Governor-

General.

PART IV

The Governor-General

30. There shall be a Governor-General of Belize who shall be a citizen of Belize appointed by Her Majesty and shall hold office during Her Majesty’s pleasure and who shall be Her Majesty’s representative in Belize.

31.-(1) During any period when the office of Governor-General is vacant or the holder of the office of Governor-General is absent from Belize or is for any other reason unable to perform the functions of his office those functions shall be performed by such person as Her Majesty may appoint.

(2): Any such person as aforesaid shall not continue to perform the functions of the office of Governor-General if the holder of the office of Governor-General or some other person having a prior right to perform the functions of that office has notified him that he is about to assume or resume those functions.

32. A person appointed to hold the office of Governor-General shall, before entering upon the duties of that office, take and subscribe the oath of allegiance and office.

33.-(1) Whenever the Governor-General

(a): has occasion to be absent from the seat of government but not from Belize;
(b): has occasion to be absent from Belize for a period which he considers, acting in his own deliberate judgment, will

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be of short duration; or

he may, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint any person in Belize to be his deputy during such absence or illness and in that capacity to perform on his behalf such of the functions of the office of Governor-General as may be specified in the instrument by which he is appointed.

(2): Any reference in this Constitution to the functions of the Governor-General shall be construed as a reference to his powers and duties in the exercise of the executive authority of Belize and to any other powers and duties conferred or imposed on him as Governor-General by or under this Constitution or any other law.

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Governor-General to be informed concerning matters of government.

Executive

authority.

Prime Minister.

(3): Where by this Constitution the Governor-General is required to perform any function after consultation with any person or authority he shall not be obliged to exercise that function in accordance with the advice of that person or authority.
(4): Where by this Constitution the Governor-General is required to perform any function in accordance with the advice of, or after consultation with, any person or authority, the question whether the Governor-General has so exercised that function shall not be enquired into by any court of law.

35. The Prime Minister shall keep the Governor-General fully informed concerning the general conduct of the government of Belize and shall furnish the Governor-General with such information as he may request with respect to any particular matter relating to the government of Belize.

PART V

The Executive

36.-(1) The executive authority of Belize is vested in Her Majesty.

(2): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive authority of Belize may be exercised on behalf of Her Majesty by the Governor-General either directly or through officers subordinate to him.
(2): Whenever the Governor-General has occasion to appoint a Prime Minister he shall appoint a member of the House of Representatives who is the leader of the political party which commands the support of the majority of the members of that House; and if no political party has an overall majority, he shall appoint a member of that House who appears to him likely to command the support of the majority of the members of that House.

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(3): If occasion arises for making an appointment to the office of Prime Minister while the National Assembly is dissolved, then, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of this section, a person who was a member of the House of Representatives immediately before the dissolution may be appointed as Prime Minister.
(6): In exercise of the powers conferred on him by this section the Governor-General shall act in his own deliberate judgment.

38. The Governor-General shall, acting in accordance with the advice of Deputy Prime the Prime Minister, designate a Minister as Deputy Prime Minister to whom the Minister. Prime Minister may from time to time depute such of his functions as he may specify.

39.-(1) Whenever the Prime Minister is absent from Belize or is by reason of Performance of illness unable to perform the functions conferred on him in accordance with this functions of Constitution, those functions (other than the functions conferred by this section) Prime Minister shall be performed-during absence

or illness.

(a) by the Deputy Prime Minister; or

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Ministers of Government.

(b) in the absence of the Deputy Prime Minister or if he too is likewise unable to perform those functions, by such other Minister as the Governor-General may authorise for that purpose.

(2): The Deputy Prime Minister shall cease to perform the functions of the Prime Minister when he is informed by the Governor-General that the Prime Minister is about to resume those functions.
(3): A Minister authorised to perform the functions of the Prime Minister under subsection (1) (b) of this section shall cease to perform those functions when he is informed by the Governor-General that the Deputy Prime Minister is about to assume, or that the Prime Minister is about to resume, those functions.
(4): The powers of the Governor-General under this section shall be exercised by him in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister:

Provided that if the Governor-General, acting in his own deliberate judgment, considers that it is impracticable to obtain the advice of the Prime Minister owing to the absence or illness of the Prime Minister he may exercise those powers

(a): in accordance with the advice of the Deputy Prime Minister; or
(b): if he likewise considers it impracticable to obtain the advice of the Deputy Prime Minister, in his own deliberate judgment.

40.-(1) There shall be, in addition to the office of Prime Minister, such other offices of Minister of the Government as may be established by the National Assembly or, subject to the provisions of any law enacted by the National Assembly, by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister.

(2) Appointments to the office of Minister shall be made by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, from among members of the House of Representatives and of the Senate:

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Provided that persons holding the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives or President of the Senate may not be appointed to the office of Minister.

(5): In this section, “Minister” means a Minister of the Government other than the Prime Minister.

41.-(1) The Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the _{Allocation of}Prime Minister, may, by directions in writing, assign to the Prime Minister or _{portfolios to}any other Minister responsibility for any business of the Government, including _Ministers.the administration of any department of government:

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Attorney-General.

Performance of functions of Ministers during absence or illness.

Provided that responsibility for finance shall be assigned to a Minister who is a member of the House of Representatives.

(2): The office of Attorney-General shall be the office of a Minister, with responsibility for the administration of legal affairs in Belize.
(3): No person shall be qualified to hold the office of Attorney-General unless he is a person who has for at least five years been entitled to practise as an advocate in a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters in some part of the Commonwealth or in the Republic of Ireland or a court having jurisdiction in appeals from any such court.
(4): If a person holding the office of Attorney-General is for any reason unable to perform the functions conferred on him by or under any law, those functions may be performed by such other person, being a person qualified as aforesaid (whether or not that person is a member of either House of the National Assembly), as the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, may direct.
(5): Legal proceedings for or against the State shall be taken, in the case of civil proceedings, in the name of the Attorney-General and, in the case of criminal proceedings, in the name of the Crown.

43.-(1) Whenever a Minister other than the Prime Minister is absent from Belize or is within Belize but by leave of the Governor-General is not performing the functions of his office or by reason of illness is unable to perform those functions, the Governor-General may authorize some other Minister to perform those functions or may appoint a member of the House of Representatives or of the Senate to be a temporary Minister in order to perform those functions; and that Minister may perform those functions until his authority or, as the case may be, his appointment is revoked by the Governor-General or he vacates office as a Minister under section 40(4) of this Constitution.

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(2) The powers of the Governor-General under this section shall be exercised by him in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister:

Provided that if the Governor-General, acting in his own deliberate judgment, considers that it is impracticable to obtain the advice of the Prime Minister owing to his absence or illness he may exercise those powers in accordance with the advice of the Deputy Prime Minister.

44.-(1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers for Belize which shall consist of Cabinet. the Prime Minister and the other Ministers. 26 of 1988.

(2): The Cabinet shall be the principal executive instrument of policy with general direction and control of the Government and shall be collectively responsible to the National Assembly for any advice given to the Governor-General by or under the general authority of the Cabinet and for all things done by or under the authority of any Minister in the execution of his office.
(4): Whenever practicable the Prime Minister shall attend and preside at all Cabinet meetings; at a meeting of the Cabinet from which the Prime Minister is absent, any other Minister appointed by him for the purpose shall preside.

45.-(1) The Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Ministers of Prime Minister, may appoint Ministers of State from among the members of the State. House of Representatives or of the Senate to assist Ministers in the perfor-26 of 1988. mance of their duties.

(2) The office of a Minister of State shall become vacant-26 of 1988.

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(a): if the holder of the office ceases to be a member of the House of Representatives or of the Senate otherwise than by reason of the dissolution of the National Assembly;
(b): if, by virtue of section 59 (3) or 64 (3) of this Constitution, he is required to cease to perform his functions as a member of the House of Representatives or of the Senate;
(c): if the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, so directs;
(d): if the Prime Minister resigns from the office within seven days after a resolution of no confidence in the Government has been passed by the House of Representatives or is removed from office under section 37 (4) of this Constitution; or
(e): on the appointment of any person to the office of Prime Minister.

Oath to be taken 46. A Minister or a Minister of State shall not enter upon the duties of his by Minister, etc. office unless he has taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance and office. 26 of 1988.

Leader of the 47.-(1) There shall (except at times when there are no members of the House Opposition. of Representatives who do not support the Government) be a Leader of the Opposition who shall be appointed by the Governor-General.

(2): Whenever there is occasion for the appointment of a Leader of the Opposition the Governor-General shall appoint the member of the House of Representatives who appears to him most likely to command the support of a majority of the members of the House who do not support the Government: or, if no member of the House appears to him to command such support, the member of the House who appears to him to command the support of the largest single group of members of the House who do not support the Government.
(3): If occasion arises to appoint a Leader of the Opposition during the period between a dissolution of the National Assembly and the day on which the ensuing election of members of the House of Representatives is held, an appointment may be made as if the National Assembly had not been

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dissolved.

(5): If it appears to the Governor-General that the Leader of the Opposition is no longer able to command the support of a majority of the members of the House of Representatives who do not support the Government or (if no member of the House appears to him to be able to command such support) the support of the largest single group of members of the House who do not support the Government, he shall remove the Leader of the Opposition from office.
(6): Subject to the provisions of section 61 (3) (b) of this Constitution, during any period in which there is a vacancy in the office of Leader of the Opposition, the provisions of this Constitution containing the requirement that action shall be taken in accordance with the advice of, or after consultation with, or with the concurrence of, the Leader of the Opposition shall have effect as if there were no such requirement.
(7): The powers of the Governor-General under this section shall be exercised by him in his own deliberate judgment.

48. Subject to the direction and control of the Minister pursuant to section _{Permanen_t}41(2) of this Constitution, every department of government shall be under the _{secretaries_.}supervision of a public officer whose office is referred to in this Constitution as the office of a permanent secretary:

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Provided that two or more government departments may be placed under the supervision of one permanent secretary.

Secretary to the 49.-(1) There shall be a Secretary to the Cabinet whose office shall be a Cabinet. public office.

(2) The Secretary to the Cabinet, who shall have charge of the Cabinet Office, shall be responsible, in accordance with such instructions as may be given to him by the Prime Minister, for arranging the business for, and keeping the minutes of, the Cabinet and for conveying the decisions of the Cabinet to the appropriate person or authority and shall have such other functions as the Prime Minister may direct.

Control of public 50.-(1) There shall be a Director of Public Prosecutions whose office shall be prosecutions. a public office.

(3): The powers of the Director of Public Prosecutions under subsection (2) of this section may be exercised by him in person or through other persons acting under and in accordance with his general or special instructions.
(4): The powers conferred on the Director of Public Prosecutions by paragraphs (b) and (c) of subsection (2) of this section shall be vested in him to the exclusion of any other person or authority:

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Provided that where any other person or authority has instituted criminal proceedings, nothing in this subsection shall prevent the withdrawal of those proceedings by or at the instance of that person or authority and with the leave of the court.

(6): Subject to the powers of the Attorney-General under section 42(2) of this Constitution, in the exercise of the powers vested in him by subsection (2) of this section the Director of Public Prosecutions shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person or authority.

51. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and of any other law, the Governor-General may constitute offices for Belize, make appointments to any such office and terminate any such appointment.

52.-(1) The Governor-General may

(a): grant a pardon, either free or subject to lawful conditions, to any person convicted of any offence;
(b): grant to any person a respite, either indefinite or for a specified period, of the execution of any punishment imposed on that person for any offence;
(c): substitute a less severe form of punishment for any punishment imposed on any person for any offence; or
(d): remit the whole or any part of any punishment imposed on any person for any offence or of any penalty or forfeiture otherwise due to the Crown on account of any offence.

Constitution of offices, etc.

Prerogative of mercy.

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Procedure in capital cases.

Belize Advisory Council. 26 of 1988.

(2) The powers of the Governor-General under subsection (1) of this section shall be exercised by him in accordance with the advice of the Belize Advisory Council.

53. Where any person has been sentenced to death (otherwise than by a court-martial) for an offence, the Attorney-General shall cause a written report of the case from the trial judge (or the Chief Justice, if a report from the trial judge cannot be obtained), together with such other information derived from the record of the case or elsewhere as he may require, to be taken into consideration at a meeting of the Belize Advisory Council, so that the Council may advise the Governor-General whether to exercise any of his powers under section 52 (1) of this Constitution.

54.-(1) There shall be a Belize Advisory Council (hereinafter referred to as “the Council”) which shall consist of a Chairman who shall be a person who holds, or has held, or is qualified to hold, office as a judge of a superior court of record, and not less than six other members who shall be persons of integrity and high national standing of whom at least two shall be persons who hold or have held any office referred to in section 107 of this Constitution and at least one shall be a member of a recognised profession in Belize:

Provided that no public officer other than a judge of a superior court of record shall be appointed as Chairman.

(3): No person shall be appointed as a member of the Belize Advisory Council unless he is a citizen of Belize, except that a member of the Council who holds or has held office as a judge of a superior court of record need not be a citizen of Belize provided that he is a Commonwealth citizen.

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(4): Members of the Belize Advisory Council shall be appointed for a period of ten years or such shorter period as may be specified in their respective instruments of appointment.
(5): A member of the Belize Advisory Council shall not enter upon the duties of his office unless he has taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance and office.
(8): In the exercise of its functions the Belize Advisory Council shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person or authority.
(9): The Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposi

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tion, shall appoint one of the members of the Council to be the Senior Member.

(10): The Chairman and in his absence, the Senior Member, shall convene meetings of the Council as appropriate for consideration of matters which in accordance with this Constitution or any other law the Council is called upon to consider.
(11): The Chairman and in his absence, the Senior Member, shall preside at all meetings of the Council, and in the absence of both the Chairman and the Senior Member, the member of the Council elected by a majority of the members attending the meeting shall preside at that meeting:

Provided that in any case where the Council is convened to discharge its duties under section 88, 98, 102, 105, 108 or 109 of this Constitution, or where the Council is convened to hear an appeal from an officer to whom section 106 or section 107 of the Constitution applies, the Chairman shall preside at that meeting:

Provided further that where the Council is convened to consider the removal of the Chairman, some other person who holds or has held office as a Judge of a superior court of record appointed by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, shall act as the Chairman for that purpose.

(12): At meetings of the Belize Advisory Council
(a): the quorum shall be five members;
(b): decisions shall be taken by a majority of the votes of those members of the Council present and voting; and
(c): in the event that votes are equally divided on any matter, the Chairman, except when he is the Governor-General, shall have a casting vote in addition to his original vote.
(13): The Belize Advisory Council shall regulate its own procedure.

(14) The Belize Advisory Council may, subject to the provisions of this section and to its rules of procedure, act notwithstanding any vacancy

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in its membership or the absence of any member.

(15) The question whether or not the Belize Advisory Council has validly performed any functions entrusted to it by this Constitution or any other law shall not be enquired into by any court of law.

PART VI

The Legislature

55. There shall be in and for Belize a Legislature which shall consist of a National Assembly comprising two Houses, that is to say, a House of Representatives and a Senate.

The House of Representatives

56.-(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the House of Representatives shall consist of eighteen members who shall be elected in the manner provided by law.

(2): If any person who is not a member of the House of Representatives is elected to be Speaker of the House he shall, by virtue of holding the office of Speaker, be a member of the House in addition to the eighteen members aforesaid.
(3): The National Assembly, in accordance with the provisions of section 90 of this Constitution, may by law increase the number of members of the House of Representatives.

57. Subject to the provisions of section 58 of this Constitution, a person shall be qualified to be elected as a member of the House of Representatives if, and shall not be qualified to be so elected unless, he

(a): is a citizen of Belize of the age of eighteen years or upwards; and
(b): has resided in Belize for a period of at least one year immediately before the date of his nomination for election.

Establishment of Legislature.

Composition of House of Representatives.

Qualifications for election as member.

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Disqualifications 58.-(1) No person shall be qualified to be elected as a member of the for election as House of Representatives who-member.

(a): is, by virtue of his own act, under any acknowledgement of allegiance, obedience or adherence to a foreign power or State;
(b): is an undischarged bankrupt, having been adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any law in force in any part of the Commonwealth;
(c): is a person certified to be insane or otherwise adjudged to be of unsound mind under any law;
(d): is under sentence of death imposed on him by a court in any part of the Commonwealth or is serving a sentence of imprisonment (by whatever name called) exceeding twelve months imposed on him by such a court or substituted by competent authority for some other sentence imposed on him by such a court, or is under such a sentence of imprisonment the execution of which has been suspended;
(f): is disqualified for membership of the House of Representatives by virtue of any law by reason of his having been convicted of any offence relating to elections;
(g): is disqualified for membership of the House of Representatives under any law by virtue of-

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(i): his holding or acting in any office or appointment specified (either individually or by reference to a class of office or appointment) by such law;
(ii): his belonging to any of the armed forces of Belize or to any class of person that is comprised in any such force; or

(iii) his belonging to any police force or to any class of persons that is comprised in any such force; or

(h) is a party to, or a partner in a firm or a director or manager of a company which is a party to, any contract with the government for or on account of the public service and has not, within one month before the day of election, declared publicly and in a newspaper circulating in the electoral division for which he is a candidate a notice setting out the nature of the contract and his interest, or the interest of any such firm or company therein:

Provided that if it appears to the Governor-General, acting in his own deliberate judgment, that it is proper so to do, he may by order direct that any such disqualification shall be disregarded for the purposes of this section, but no such order shall be made if proceedings have been commenced calling in question the right of that member to be a member of the House of Representatives on the ground that he is disqualified under this paragraph.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (d) of subsection (1) of this section

(a): two or more sentences of imprisonment that are required to be served consecutively shall be regarded as separate sentences if none of those sentences exceeds twelve months, but if any one of such sentences exceeds that term they shall be regarded as one sentence; and
(b): no account shall be taken of a sentence of imprisonment imposed as an alternative to or in default of the payment of a fine.

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Tenure of office 59.-(1) Every member of the House of Representatives shall vacate his

members. seat in the House at the next dissolution of the National Assembly after his election.

(2) A member of the House of Representatives shall also vacate his seat in the House

(a): if he is absent from the sittings of the House for such period and in such circumstances as may be prescribed in the Standing Orders of the House;
(b): if he ceases to be a citizen of Belize;
(c): subject to the provisions of subsection (3) of the section, if any circumstances arise that, if he were not a member of the House of Representatives, would cause him to be disqualified for election thereto by virtue of section 58 (1) of this Constitution; or
(d): if he shall become a party to any contract with the government for or on account of the public service, or if any firm in which he is a partner or any company of which he is a director or manager shall become a party to any such contract, or if he shall become a partner in a firm or a director or manager of a company which is a party to any such contract:

Provided that if in the circumstances it shall appear to them just so to do, the House of Representatives by resolution may exempt any member thereof from vacating his seat under the provisions of this paragraph if such member shall, before becoming a party to such contract as aforesaid or before or as soon as practicable after becoming otherwise interested in such contract (whether as partner in a firm or director or manager of a company), disclose to the House the nature of such contract and his interest or the interest of any such firm or company therein.

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(b): If, on the determination of any appeal, such circumstances continue to exist and no further appeal is open to the member, or if, by reason of the expiration of any period for entering an appeal or notice thereof or the refusal of leave to appeal or for any other reason, it ceases to be open to the member to appeal, he shall forthwith vacate his seat.
(c): If at any time before the member of the House vacates his seat such circumstances as aforesaid cease to exist, his seat shall not become vacant on the expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (a) of this subsection and he may resume the performance of his functions as a member of the House.

60.-(1) When the House of Representatives first meets after any general elec- Speaker and

tion and before it proceeds to the despatch of any other business it shall elect a ^DeputySpeaker.

person to be Speaker of the House; and, if the office of Speaker falls vacant at any time before the next dissolution of the National Assembly, the House shall, as soon as practicable, elect another person to that office.

(2) The Speaker shall be above the age of thirty years and may be

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elected either from among the members of the House of Representatives who are not Ministers or from among persons who are not members of either House:

Provided that a person who is not a member of either House shall not be elected as Speaker if

(a): he is not a citizen of Belize; or
(b): he is a person disqualified for election as a member of the House of Representatives by virtue of section 58 (1) of this Constitution.
(3): When the House of Representatives first meets after any general election and before it proceeds to the despatch of any other business except the election of the Speaker, the House shall elect a member of the House, who is not a Minister, to be Deputy Speaker of the House; and if the office of Deputy Speaker falls vacant at any time before the next dissolution of the National Assembly, the House shall, as soon as practicable, elect another such member to that office.

(4) A person shall vacate the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker

(a) in the case of a Speaker elected from among members of the House of Representatives or in the case of the Deputy Speaker

(i): if he ceases to be a member of the House; or
(ii): if he is appointed to be a Minister;

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(b) in the case of a Speaker elected from among persons who members of either House

(i): upon any dissolution of the National Assembly;
(ii): if he ceases to be a citizen of Belize; or

(iii) if any circumstances arise which would cause him to be disqualified for election as a member of the House by virtue of section 58 (1) of this Constitution;

(b): If the Speaker or Deputy Speaker resumes the performance of his functions as a member of the House, in accordance with the provisions of section 59(3) of this Constitution, he shall also resume the performance of his functions as Speaker or Deputy Speaker, as the case may be.

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The Senate

Composition of 61.-(1) The Senate shall consist of eight members (in this Constitution Senate.

referred to as “Senators”) who shall be appointed by the Governor-General in accordance with the provisions of this section:

Provided that if any person who is not a Senator is elected to be

President of the Senate he shall, by virtue of holding office of President, be a

Senator in addition to the eight members aforesaid.

(2): Of the eight Senators
(a): five shall be appointed by the Governor-General acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister;
(b): two shall be appointed in accordance with the provisions of subsection (3) of this section;
(c): one shall be appointed by the Governor-General acting after consultation with the Belize Advisory Council.

(3) The two Senators referred to in subsection (2) (b) of this section shall be appointed

(a): by the Governor-General acting in accordance with the advice of the Leader of the Opposition; or
(b): if the office of Leader of the Opposition is vacant, then

(i) by the Governor-General acting in accordance with the advice of a person selected by him, in his own deliberate judgment, for the purpose of tendering such advice; or

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(ii) if the Governor-General, in his own deliberate judgment, decides to select two such persons, by the Governor-General acting in accordance with the advice of such persons, each of whom shall advise him on the appointment of one Senator.

62. Subject to the provisions of section 63 of this Constitution, a person Qualifications for appointment as

shall be qualified to be appointed as a Senator if, and shall not be qualified to be

Senator.

so appointed unless, he

(a): is a citizen of Belize of the age of eighteen years or upwards; and
(b): has resided in Belize for a period of at least one year immediately before the date of his appointment.

63.-(1) No person shall be qualified to be appointed as a Senator who-Disqualifications for appointment as

(a) is, by virtue of his own act, under any acknowledgement of

Senator.

allegiance, obedience or adherence to a foreign power or State;

(b): is a member of the House of Representatives;
(c): is an undischarged bankrupt, having been adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any law in force in any part of the Commonwealth;
(d): is a person certified to be insane or otherwise to be of unsound mind under any law;
(e): is under sentence of death imposed upon him by a court in any part of the Commonwealth or is serving a sentence of imprisonment (by whatever name called) exceeding twelve months imposed on him by such a court or substituted by competent

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authority for some other sentence imposed on him by such a court, or is under such a sentence of imprisonment the execution of which has been suspended;

(g): is disqualified for membership of the House of Representatives by virtue of any law by reason of his having been convicted of any offence relating to elections;
(i): is a party to, or a partner in a firm or a director or manager of a company which is a party to, any contract with the

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Government for or on account of the public service, and has not disclosed to the Governor-General the nature of such contract and his interest, or the interest of any such firm or company, therein:

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (e) of subsection (1) of this section

(a): two or more sentences of imprisonment that are required to be served consecutively shall be regarded as separate sentences if none of those sentences exceeds twelve months, but if any one of such sentences exceeds that term they shall be regarded as one sentence; and
(b): no account shall be taken of a sentence of imprisonment imposed as an alternative to or in default of the payment of a fine.

64.-(1) Every Senator shall vacate his seat in the Senate at the next dissolu-Tenure of office of Senator.

tion of the National Assembly after his appointment.

(2): A Senator shall also vacate his seat in the Senate
(a): if he is absent from the sittings of the Senate for such period and in such circumstances as may be prescribed in the Standing Orders of the Senate;
(b): if, with his consent, he is nominated as a candidate for election to the House of Representatives;

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(c): if he ceases to be a citizen of Belize;
(d): subject to the provisions of subsection (3) of this section, if any circumstances arise that, if he were not a Senator, would cause him to be disqualified for appointment as such by virtue of section 63 (1) of this Constitution;
(e): if the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister in the case of a Senator appointed in accordance with that advice, or acting in accordance with the advice of the Leader of the Opposition in the case of a Senator appointed in accordance with that advice, or acting after consultation with the Belize Advisory Council in the case of a Senator appointed after such consultation, declares the seat of that Senator to be vacant; or
(f): if he shall become a party to any contract with the Government for or on account of the public service, or if any firm in which he is a partner or any company of which he is a director or manager shall become a party to any such contract, or if he shall become a partner in a firm or a director or manager of a company which is a party to any such contract:

Provided that if in the circumstances it shall appear to him to be just so to do, the Governor-General, acting in his own deliberate judgment, may exempt any Senator from vacating his seat under the provisions of this paragraph if such Senator shall, before becoming a party to such contract as aforesaid or before or as soon as practicable after becoming otherwise interested in such contract (whether as partner in a firm or director or manager of a company), disclose to the Governor-General the nature of such contract and his interest or the interest of any such firm or company therein.

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(b): If, on the determination of an appeal, such circumstances continue to exist and no further appeal is open to the Senator, or if, by reason of the expiration of any period for entering an appeal or notice thereof or the refusal of leave to appeal or for any other reason, it ceases to be open to the Senator to appeal, he shall forthwith vacate his seat.
(2): Whenever a Senator is incapable of performing his functions as a Senator by reason of his absence from Belize or by virtue of the provisions of

Appointment of temporary Senators.

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President and Vice-President.

section 64 of this Constitution or by reason of a declaration made under the last foregoing subsection, the Governor-General may appoint a person qualified for appointment as a Senator to be temporarily a member of the Senate.

(3): Subsections (1) and (2) of section 64 of this Constitution shall apply in relation to a person appointed as a Senator under this section as they apply in relation to a Senator appointed under section 61 (except that paragraph (d) of the said subsection (2) shall apply as if it were not expressed to be subject to subsection (3) of the said section 64) and an appointment made under this section shall in any case cease to have effect when the person appointed is notified by the Governor-General that the circumstances giving rise to his appointment have ceased to exist.

66.-(1) When the Senate first meets after any general election and before it proceeds to the despatch of any other business, it shall elect a person to be President of the Senate; and, if the office of President falls vacant at any time before the next dissolution of the National Assembly, the Senate shall, as soon

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as practicable, elect another person to that office.

(2): When the Senate first meets after any general election and before it proceeds to the despatch of any other business except the election of the President, it shall elect a Senator, who is not a Minister, to be Vice-President of the Senate; and if the office of Vice-President falls vacant at any time before the next dissolution of the National Assembly, the Senate shall, as soon as practicable, elect another Senator to that office.
(3): The President and the Vice-President shall be above the age of thirty years and the President may be elected either from among the Senators who are not Ministers or from among persons who are not members of either House:

Provided that a person who is not a member of either House shall not be elected as President if

(a)	he is not a citizen of Belize; or
(b)	he is a person disqualified for election as a member of the House of Representatives by virtue of section 58 (1) of this Constitution.
(4)	A person shall vacate the office of President or Vice-President

of the Senate

(a) in the case of a President elected from among members of the Senate or in the case of the Vice-President

(i): if he ceases to be a Senator; or
(ii): if he is appointed to be a Minister;

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(c): in the case of the Vice-President, if he is elected to be President.

(b): If the President or Vice-President resumes the performance of his functions as Senator, in accordance with the provisions of section 64 (3) of this Constitution, he shall also resume the performance of his functions as

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President or Vice-President, as the case may be.

67.-(1) There shall be a Clerk to the National Assembly (who shall be the Clerk of both Houses) and a Deputy Clerk and such other assistants as may be necessary.

(2) The National Assembly may by law regulate the recruitment and the conditions of service of persons referred to in subsection (1).

Powers and Procedure

68. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the National Assembly may make laws for the peace, order and good government of Belize.

69.-(1) The National Assembly may alter any of the provisions of this Constitution in the manner specified in the following provisions of this section.

(2): Until after the first general election held after Independence Day a Bill to alter any of the provisions of this Constitution shall not be regarded as being passed by the National Assembly unless on its final reading in each House the Bill is supported by the unanimous vote of all members of that House.
(3): A Bill to alter this section, Schedule 2 to this Constitution or any of the provisions of this Constitution specified in that Schedule shall not be regarded as being passed by the House of Representatives unless on its final reading in the House the Bill is supported by the votes of not less than three-quarters of all the members of the House.
(4): A Bill to alter any of the provisions of this Constitution other than those referred to in subsection (3) of this section shall not be regarded as being passed by the House of Representatives unless on its final reading in the House the Bill is supported by the votes of not less than two-thirds of all the members of the House.

Clerks to Houses of National Assembly.

26 of 1988.

Power to make laws.

Alteration of Constitution.

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(7): In this section and Schedule 2 to this Constitution, references to any of the provisions of this Constitution include references to any law that alters that provision.
(8): In this section, references to altering this Constitution or any provision thereof include references

(a) to revoking it, with or without re-enactment thereof or the making of different provision in lieu thereof;

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(b): to modifying it, whether by omitting or amending any of its provi sions or inserting additional provisions in it or otherwise; and
(c): to suspending its operations for any period or terminating any such suspension.

70.-(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, each House may make, amend or revoke Standing Orders for the regulation and orderly conduct of its own proceedings and the despatch of business, and the passing, instituting and numbering of Bills and the presentation of the same to the Governor-General for assent.

(2) A Minister shall be permitted to address the House of which he is not a member but shall have no vote in that House.

71.-(1) Except for the purposes of enabling this section to be complied with, no member of either House shall sit or vote therein, or be entitled to receive any salary or emoluments in respect of his office until he has made and subscribed before that House the oath of allegiance and office:

Provided that the election of a Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives and the election of a President and Vice-President of the Senate may take place before the members of the House of Representatives or of the Senate, as the case may be, have made and subscribed such oath.

(2) If between the time when a person becomes a member of the House of Representatives and the time when that House first meets thereafter, a meeting takes place of any committee of that House of which that person is a member, that person may, in order to enable him to attend the meeting and take part in the proceedings of the committee, make and subscribe the oath before the Speaker or, if the Speaker is absent from Belize or the office of Speaker is vacant, before the Deputy Speaker; and the making and subscribing of the oath in such manner shall suffice for all the purposes of this section.

Regulation of procedure in National Assembly, etc.

Oath to be taken by members of National Assembly.

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Presiding in House of Representatives and Senate.

Voting.

(2): The President, or in his absence, the Vice-President, or, if they are both absent, a Senator (not being a Minister) elected by the Senate for that sitting shall preside at each sitting of the Senate.
(2): A Speaker elected from among persons who are members of the House of Representatives or a President elected from among persons who are Senators or a member of either House presiding in that House shall have a original but not a casting vote.

(3) A Speaker elected from among persons who are not members of the House of Representatives or a President elected from among persons who are not Senators shall have no vote.

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(4) If upon any question before either House the votes of the members are equally divided the motion shall be lost.

Without prejudice to any provision made by the National Assembly relating to the powers, privileges and immunities of the Senate or the House of Representatives and the committees thereof, or the privileges and immunities of the members and officers of either House and of other persons concerned in the business of either House or the committees thereof, no civil or criminal proceedings may be instituted against any member of either House for words spoken before, or written in a report to, either House or a committee thereof or by reason of any matter or thing brought by him therein by petition, Bill, resolution, motion or otherwise.
A House shall not be disqualified for the transaction of business by reason of any vacancy in the membership thereof (including any vacancy not filled when the House is first constituted or is reconstituted at any time) and any proceedings therein shall be valid notwithstanding that some person who was not entitled so to do sat and voted in the House or otherwise took part in the proceedings.

76.-(1) If at any sitting of either House any member of the House who is present draws the attention of the person presiding at the sitting to the absence of a quorum and, after such interval as may be prescribed in the Standing Orders of the House, the person presiding at the sitting ascertains that a quorum of the House is still not present, the House shall be adjourned.

(2) For the purposes of this section

(a) a quorum of the House of Representatives shall consist of seven members of the House;

Freedom of speech.

Validity of proceedings.

Quorum.

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(b): a quorum of the Senate shall consist of three Senators;
(c): the person presiding at the sitting of either House shall not be included in reckoning whether there is a quorum of that House present.

Introduction of 77.-(1) A Bill other than a money Bill may be introduced in either House. Bills, etc.

A money Bill shall not be introduced in the Senate.

(2) Except on the recommendation or with the consent of the Cabinet, signified by a Minister, neither House shall

(a) proceed with any Bill (including any amendment to a Bill) which, in the opinion of the person presiding, makes provision for any of the following purposes

(i): for imposing or increasing or reducing or abolishing any tax;
(ii): for imposing or increasing any charge on the revenues or other funds of Belize or for altering any such charge otherwise than by reducing it; or

(iii) for compounding or remitting any debt due to Belize;

(b) proceed upon any motion (including any amendment to a motion) the effect of which, in the opinion of the person presiding, would be to make provision for any of the purposes afore

said; or

(c) receive any petition which, in the opinion of the person presiding, requests that provision be made for any of the purposes aforesaid.

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78.-(1) If a money Bill, having been passed by the House of Representatives and sent to the Senate at least one month before the end of the session, is not passed by the Senate without amendment within one month after it is sent to that House, the Bill shall, unless the House of Representatives otherwise resolves, be presented to the Governor-General for assent notwithstanding that the Senate has not consented to the Bill.

(2) There shall be endorsed on every money Bill when it is sent to the Senate the certificate of the Speaker signed by him that it is a money Bill; and there shall be endorsed on any money Bill that is presented to the Governor-General for assent in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section the certificate of the Speaker signed by him that it is a money Bill and that the provisions of that subsection have been complied with.

79.-(1) If any Bill other than a money Bill is passed by the House of Representatives in two successive sessions (whether or not the National Assembly is dissolved between those sessions) and, having been sent to the Senate in each of those sessions at least one month before the end of the session, is rejected by the Senate in each of those sessions, that Bill shall, on its rejection for the second time by the Senate, unless the House of Representatives otherwise resolves, be presented to the Governor-General for assent notwithstanding that the Senate has not consented to the Bill:

Provided that the foregoing provisions of this subsection shall not have effect unless at least six months have elapsed between the date on which the Bill is passed by the House of Representatives in the first session and the date on which it is passed by the House in the second session.

(2) For the purposes of this section a Bill that is sent to the Senate from the House of Representatives in any session shall be deemed to be the same Bill as a former Bill sent to the Senate in the preceding session if, when it is sent to the Senate, it is identical with the former Bill or contains only such amendments as are certified by the Speaker to be necessary owing to the time that has elapsed since the date of the former Bill or to represent any amend-

Restriction on

powers of

Senate as to

money Bills.

Restriction on powers of Senate as to Bills other than money Bills.

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Provisions relating to sections 77, 78 and 79.

ments which have been made by the Senate in the former Bill in the preceding session.

(3): The House of Representatives may, if it thinks fit, on the passage through that House of a Bill that is deemed to be the same Bill as a former Bill sent to the Senate in the preceding session, suggest any amendments without inserting the amendments in the Bill, and if agreed to by the Senate the said amendments shall be treated as amendments made by the Senate and agreed to by the House of Representatives; but the exercise of this power by the House of Representatives shall not affect the operation of this section in the event of the rejection of the Bill in the Senate.
(4): There shall be inserted in any Bill that is presented to the Governor-General for assent in pursuance of this section any amendments that are certified by the Speaker to have been made in the Bill by the Senate in the second session and agreed to by the House of Representatives.
(5): There shall be endorsed on any Bill that is presented to the Governor-General for assent in pursuance of this section the certificate of the Speaker signed by him that the provisions of this section have been complied with.

80.-(1) In sections 77, 78 and 79 of this Constitution, “money Bill” means a public Bill, which, in the opinion of the Speaker, contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely, the imposition, repeal, remission, alteration or regulation of taxation; the imposition, for the payment of debt or other financial purposes, of charges on public money, or the variation or repeal of any such charges; the grant of money to the Crown or to any authority or person, or the variation or revocation of any such grant; the appropriation, receipt, custody, investment, issue or audit of accounts of public money; the raising or guarantee of any loan or the repayment thereof, or the establishment, alteration, administration or abolition of any sinking fund provided in connection with any such loan; or subordinate matters incidental to any of the matters aforesaid; and in this subsection the expressions “taxation”,

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“debt”, “public money” and “loan” do not include any taxation imposed, debt incurred or money provided or loan raised by any local authority or body for local purposes.

(2) For the purposes of section 79 of this Constitution a Bill shall be deemed to be rejected by the Senate if

(a)	it is not passed by the Senate without amendment; or
(b)	it is passed by the Senate with any amendment which is not
	agreed to by the House of Representatives.
(3)	Whenever the office of Speaker is vacant or the Speaker is

for any reason unable to perform any functions conferred on him by section 78 or 79 of this Constitution or subsection (1) of this section, that function may be performed by the Deputy Speaker.

(4): A certificate of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker under section 78 or 79 of this Constitution shall be conclusive for all purposes and shall not be questioned in any court of law.
(2): When a Bill is submitted to the Governor-General for assent in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution he shall signify that he assents or that he withholds assent thereto.

Mode of exercise of legislative power

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(3): When the Governor-General assents to a Bill that has been submitted to him in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution the Bill shall become law and the Governor-General shall thereupon cause it to be published in the Gazette as law.
(4): No law made by the National Assembly shall come into operation until it has been assented to by the Governor-General but the National Assembly may postpone the coming into operation of any such law and may make laws with retrospective effect.
(5): All laws made by the National Assembly shall be styled “Acts”.

Words of 82.-(1) In every Bill presented to the Governor-General for assent, other

^{enactment^.}than a Bill presented under section 78 or 79 of this Constitution, the words of enactment shall be as follows:

“Be it enacted, by and with the advice and consent of the House of Representatives and the Senate of Belize and by the authority of the same, as follows:-”

(3): Any alteration of the words of enactment of a Bill made in consequence of the provisions of the preceding subsection shall not be deemed to be an amendment of the Bill.

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83.-(1) There shall be a session of the National Assembly at least once in every year, and each session shall be held at such place within Belize and shall begin at such time (not being later than six months from the end of the preceding session if the National Assembly has been prorogued or four months from the end of the session if the National Assembly has been dissolved) as the Governor-General shall appoint by proclamation published in the Gazette.

(2) Subject to the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, the sittings of each House shall be held at such time and place as that House may, by its Standing Orders or otherwise, determine:

Provided that the first sitting of each House after the National Assembly has at any time been prorogued or dissolved shall begin at the same time.

84.-(1) The Governor-General may at any time prorogue or dissolve the National Assembly.

(2): Subject to the provisions of subsection (3) of this section the National Assembly, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue for five years from the date of the first sitting of the House of Representatives after any dissolution and shall then stand dissolved.
(4): In the exercise of his powers to dissolve the National Assembly, the Governor-General shall act in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister:

Sessions of Legislature, etc.

Prorogation and dissolution of Legislature.

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Provided that

(a): if the Prime Minister advises a dissolution and the Governor-General, acting in his own deliberate judgment, considers that the government of Belize can be carried on without a dissolution and that a dissolution would not be in the interests of Belize, he may, acting in his own deliberate judgment, refuse to dissolve the National Assembly;
(b): if a resolution of no confidence in the Government is passed by the House of Representatives and the Prime Minister does not within seven days either resign or advise a dissolution, the Governor-General, acting in his own deliberate judgment, may dissolve the National Assembly; and
(c): if the office of the Prime Minister is vacant and the Governor-General, acting in his own deliberate judgment, considers that there is no prospect of his being able within a reasonable time to make an appointment to that office, the Governor-General shall dissolve the National Assembly.

(5): If, between a dissolution of the National Assembly and the next ensuing general election of members of the House of Representatives, an emergency arises of such a nature that, in the opinion of the Prime Minister, it is necessary for the two houses or either of them to be summoned before that general election can be held, the Governor-General may, by proclamation published in the Gazette, summon the two Houses of the preceding National Assembly and that National Assembly shall thereupon be deemed (except for the purposes of section 85 of this Constitution) not to have been dissolved but shall be deemed (except as aforesaid) to be dissolved on the date on which the polls are held in the next ensuing general election.
(6): During the period between the dissolution of the National Assembly and the appointment of a Prime Minister after a general election, the

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government of Belize shall continue to be administered by the Prime Minister and the other Ministers and Deputy Ministers of the Government.

85.-(1) A general election of members of the House of Representatives shall be held at such time within three months after every dissolution of the National Assembly as the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, shall appoint.

(2): As soon as practicable after every general election, the Governor-General shall proceed under section 61 of this Constitution to the appointment of Senators.

to fill the vacancy within three months of the occurrence of the vacancy unless the National Assembly is sooner dissolved.

86.-(1) Any question whether

(a): any person has been validly elected as a member of the House of Representatives or validly appointed as a Senator;
(b): any member of the House of Representatives or Senator has vacated his seat or is required, under the provisions of section 59 (3) or section 64 (3) of this Constitution, to cease to exercise any of his functions as a member of the House of Repre-

General elections and appointment of Senators.

Determination of questions as to membership of National Assembly.

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Unqualified person sitting or voting.

Elections and Boundaries Commission.

26 of 1988.

sentatives or as a Senator; or

(c) any person has been validly elected as Speaker of the House of Representatives or President of the Senate from among persons who are not members of the House of Representatives or Senators, or, having been so elected, has vacated the office of Speaker or of President,

shall be determined by the Supreme Court in accordance with the provisions of any law.

(2): Proceedings for the determination of any question referred to in the preceding subsection shall not be instituted except with the leave of a justice of the Supreme Court.
(3): No appeal shall lie from the decision of a justice of the Supreme Court granting or refusing leave to institute proceedings in accordance with the preceding subsection.

87. Any person who sits or votes in either House knowing or having reasonable cause for knowing that he is not entitled to do so shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding one hundred dollars for every day upon which he so sits or votes in that House, which penalty shall be recoverable by action in the Supreme Court at the suit of the Attorney-General.

83.-(1) There shall be an Elections and Boundaries Commission which shall consist of a Chairman and four other members who shall be persons of integrity and high national standing.

(2) The chairman and two other members of the Elections and Boundaries Commission shall be appointed by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, and the remaining two members shall be appointed by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of

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the Prime Minister given with the concurrence of the Leader of the Opposition:

Provided that in the process of consultation with the Leader of the Opposition for the appointment of the Chairman, the Prime Minister shall use his best endeavours to secure the agreement of the Leader of the Opposition.

(3): No person shall be qualified to be appointed as a member of the Commission if he is a member of the National Assembly or if he holds or is acting in any public office.
(4): If any member of the Commission dies or resigns, the Governor-General shall appoint another person in his place in the same manner in which such member was appointed.
(6): A member of the Commission may be removed from office only for inability to perform the functions of his office (whether arising from infirmity of mind or body or from any other cause) or for misbehavior, and shall not be so removed except in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(7): A member of the Commission shall be removed from office by the Governor-General if the question of the removal of that member from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council in accordance with the next following subsection and the Belize Advisory Council has advised the Governor-General that member ought to be removed from office for inability as afore-

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said or for misbehavior.

(9): If the question of removing a member of the Commission from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council under the preceding subsection, the Governor-General may suspend the member from performing the functions of his office, and any such suspension may at any time be revoked by the Governor-General and shall in any case cease to have effect if the Belize Advisory Council advises the Governor-General that the member should not be removed from office.
(10): If the office of a member of the Commission is vacant or a member is for any reason unable to perform the functions of his office, the Governor-General may appoint another person in the same manner in which such member was appointed, to act as a member of the Commission, and any person so appointed shall, subject to the provisions of subsections (6), (7),
(8): and (9) of this section, continue to act until he is notified by the Governor-General that the circumstances giving rise to the appointment have ceased to exist.
(11): A member of the Commission shall not enter upon the duties of his office unless he has taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance and

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office.

(12): The Commission may regulate its own procedure and, with the approval of the Governor-General given in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, confer powers or impose duties on any public officer or authority of the Government for the purpose of the discharge of its functions.
(13): The Commission shall be responsible for the direction and supervision of the registration of voters and the conduct of elections, referenda and all matters connected therewith.
(14): In the exercise of its functions, the Commission shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person or authority and shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, act in accordance with the Repre-

CAP. 9. sentation of the People Act or any other law, rule or regulation relating to elections.

89.-(1) For the purposes of the election of members of the House of Repre- Electoral

sentatives, Belize shall be divided into eighteen electoral divisions, the names ^divisions.2 of 1978.

and boundaries of which are set out in Schedule 1 to the Representation of the

CAP. 9.

People Act.

(2) Each electoral division shall be represented in the House of Representatives by one elected member.

90.-(1) The Elections and Boundaries Commission shall, after considering the Increase of electoral

distribution of the population throughout Belize, make proposals from time to

divisions.

time for dividing Belize into electoral divisions in such a way that

26 of 1988.

(a): each electoral division shall have as nearly as may be an equal number of persons eligible to vote;
(b): the total number of electoral divisions shall be not less than

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Redivision of electoral divisions.

Conduct of

voting.

26 of 1988.

2 of 1978. CAP. 9.

twenty-eight.

(2): In fixing the boundaries of electoral divisions the Commission shall have regard to the transport and other facilities of the division, and to its physical features.
(3): The proposals of the Commission made pursuant to this section shall be laid before the National Assembly by the Chairman of the Commission, and the electoral divisions specified in those proposals shall be the electoral divisions of Belize for the purposes of any law for the time being in force relating to the election of members of the House of Representatives when, and shall not be such electoral divisions until, enacted as law by the National Assembly.
(4): When the Elections and Boundaries Commission considers it necessary to increase the number of electoral divisions as specified in subsection (1), it shall make proposals to the National Assembly, and the National Assembly may enact a law to give effect to such proposals, with such amendments and modifications as may seem appropriate to the National Assembly.

Any redivision of electoral divisions effected in accordance with section 90 of this Constitution shall, in respect of the election of members of the House of Representatives, come into operation at the next general election held after such redivision and not earlier.

At any general election

every citizen of Belize or a citizen of any Commonwealth Country who has attained the age of eighteen years and who satisfies the requirements of the Representation of the People Act shall have the right to vote;
no person shall be entitled to more than one vote; and
votes shall be cast in a secret ballot.

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93. Subject to the provisions of sections 88 to 92 inclusive of this Constitution, the provisions of the Representation of the People Act shall apply to the franchise, registration of voters, the administration of the electoral system, offences relating to the electoral system, the conduct of elections, and all matters connected therewith.

PART VII

The Judiciary

94. There shall be for Belize a Supreme Court of Judicature and Court of Appeal.

95.-(1) The Supreme Court shall have unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceedings under any law and such jurisdiction and powers as may be conferred on it by this Constitution or any other law.

(3): The Supreme Court shall be a superior court of record and, save as otherwise provided by any law, shall have all the powers of such a court.
(4): and 123 (3) of this Constitution, where any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution arises in any court of law established for Belize (other than the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court or a court martial) and the court is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law, the court

Conduct of

elections, etc.

2 of 1978.

CAP. 9.

Establishment of Supreme

Court and

Court of Appeal.

The Supreme

Court.

Reference of constitutional questions to Supreme Court.

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Appointment of Justices of Supreme Court.

shall refer the question to the Supreme Court.

(2): Justices of the Supreme Court other than the Chief Justice shall be appointed by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Services Section of the Public Services Commission and with the concurrence of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition.
(4): If the office of Chief Justice is vacant or the Chief Justice is for any reason including his absence from Belize unable to exercise the functions of his office, then, until a person has been appointed to and has assumed the functions of that office or until the person holding that office has resumed those functions, as the case may be, they shall be exercised by the justice other than the Chief Justice, or if there be more than one then by such one of the justices as may for the time being be designated in that behalf by the Governor-General, acting in the manner prescribed in subsection (1) of this section.

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(6): Any person appointed under subsection (5) of this section to act as a justice shall, subject to the provisions of subsections (4) and (6) of section 98 of this Constitution, continue to act for the period of his appointment or, if no such period is specified, until his appointment is revoked by the Governor-General:

Provided that, notwithstanding the expiration of the period of his appointment or the revocation of his appointment, he may thereafter continue to act as a justice for so long as may be necessary to enable him to deliver judgment or to do any other thing in relation to proceedings that were commenced before him previously thereto.

98.-(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, a justice of the Supreme Court shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-two years:

Provided that

(a): he may at any time resign his office; and

Tenure of office of Justices of Supreme Court. 26 of 1988.

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rence of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition,

may permit a Justice who attains the age of sixty-two years to continue in office until he has attained any later age not exceeding seventy years.

(2): Notwithstanding that he has attained the age at which he is required by or under this section to vacate his office, a person holding the office of a justice of the Supreme Court may continue in office for so long after attaining that age as may be necessary to enable him to deliver judgment or to do any other thing in relation to proceedings that were commenced before him before he attained that age.
(3): A justice of the Supreme Court may be removed from office only for inability to perform the functions of his office (whether arising from infirmity of body or mind or from any other cause) or for misbehavior, and shall not be so removed except in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(4): A justice of the Supreme Court shall be removed from office by the Governor-General if the question of the removal of that justice from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council in accordance with the next following subsection and the Belize Advisory Council has advised the Governor-General that justice ought to be removed from office for inability as aforesaid or for misbehaviour.

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(6): If the question of removing a justice of the Supreme Court from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council under the preceding subsection, the Governor-General may suspend the justice from performing the functions of his office, and any such suspension may at any time be revoked by the Governor-General and shall in any case cease to have effect if the Belize Advisory Council advises the Governor-General that the justice should not be removed from office.
(7): Except as otherwise provided in this section, the functions of the Governor-General under this section shall be exercised by him in his own deliberate judgment.

99. A justice of the Supreme Court shall not enter upon the duties of his office unless he has taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance and office.

100.-(1) The Court of Appeal shall have such jurisdiction and powers to hear and determine appeals in civil and criminal matters as may be conferred on it by this Constitution or any other law.

(3): The Court of Appeal shall be a superior court of record and, save as otherwise provided by any law, shall have all the powers of such a court.
(4): The Court of Appeal shall sit in such places as the President may appoint.

101.-(1) The Justices of Appeal shall be appointed by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, for such period as may be specified in the instrument of appointment.

(2) A person shall not be qualified to be appointed as a Justice of

Oath to be taken by Justices of Supreme Court. Appeals to Courts of Appeal.

Appointment of Justices of Appeal.

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Appeal unless either

(a): he holds or has held office as judge of a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters in some part of the Commonwealth or a court having jurisdiction in appeals from any such court; or
(b): he is qualified to practise as an attorney-at-law in a court in Belize or as an advocate in a court in any other part of the Commonwealth having unlimited jurisdiction in either civil or criminal causes or matters and has been so qualified for not less than fifteen years.

(3): Any power exercisable by a single Justice of Appeal may, at any time when there is no such Justice present in Belize and able to perform the functions of his office, be exercised by a justice of the Supreme Court as if that justice were a Justice of Appeal.
(4): If the office of the President is vacant or he is for any reason unable to perform the functions of his office, then until some other person has been appointed to or has been appointed to act in, and has assumed the functions of that office, or until the President has resumed those functions, as the case may be, those functions shall be performed by such one of the other Justices of Appeal as the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, may appoint for that purpose.
(5): If the office of a Justice of Appeal other than the President is vacant, or if any such Justice is appointed to act as the President, or is for any reason unable to perform the functions of his office, the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, may appoint a person possessing such legal qualifications and experience as he, after consultation with the President, may deem appropriate to be temporarily a Justice of Appeal.
(6): Any person appointed under subsection (5) of this section to be temporarily a Justice of Appeal shall hold office until his appointment is revoked by the Governor-General.

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102.-(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, the office of a Justice of Appeal shall become vacant upon the expiration of the period of his appointment to that office or if he resigns his office.

(2): A Justice of Appeal may be removed from office only for inability to discharge the functions of his office (whether arising from infirmity of body or mind or any other cause) or for misbehaviour, and shall not be so removed except in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(3): A Justice of Appeal shall be removed from office by the Governor-General if the question of the removal of that Justice from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council in accordance with the next following subsection and the Belize Advisory Council has advised the Governor-General that Justice ought to be removed from office for inability as aforesaid or for misbehaviour.
(5): If the question of removing a Justice of Appeal from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council under the preceding subsection, the Governor-General may suspend the Justice from performing the functions of his office, and any such suspension may at any time be revoked by the Governor-General and shall in any case cease to have effect if the Belize Advi-

Tenure of office of Justices of Appeal.

26 of 1988.

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sory Council advises the Governor-General that the Justice should not be removed from office.

(6) Except as provided in subsection (3) of this section, the functions of the Governor-General under this section shall be exercised by him in his own deliberate judgment.

Oath to be taken 103. A Justice of Appeal shall not enter upon the duties of his office unless by Justices of

he has taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance and office.

Appeal.

Appeals to Her 104.-(1) An appeal shall lie from decisions of the Court of Appeal to Her

^{Majesty in}Majesty in Council as of right in the following cases-Council.

(a): final decisions in any civil, criminal, or other proceedings which involve a question as to the interpretation of this Constitution; and
(b): such other cases as may be prescribed by the National Assembly.

(3): An appeal shall lie to Her Majesty in Council with the special leave of Her Majesty from any decision of the Court of Appeal in any civil,

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criminal or other matter.

PART VIII

The Public Service

105.-(1) There shall be for Belize a Public Services Commission which shall consist of a Chairman and eighteen other members who shall include as ex officio members the Chief Justice, the Solicitor General, the Permanent Secretary, Establishment, the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Defence, the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry for the time being responsible for the Prison Service, the Superintendent of Prisons, the Commissioner of Police, the Director, Security and Intelligence Service and the Commandant of the Belize Defence Force.

(2): The Chairman and other members of the Commission, other than the ex officio members, shall be appointed by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition.
(3): No person shall be qualified to be appointed as a member of the Commission if he is a member of the National Assembly or, save in respect of the ex officio members, if he holds or is acting in any public office.
(4): Save in respect of the ex officio members, a person shall not, while he holds or is acting in the office of a member of the Commission or within a period of two years commencing from the date on which he last held or acted in that office, be eligible for appointment to any public office.
(5): Subject to the provisions of this section, the office of a member of the Commission shall become vacant

(a) at the expiration of three years from the date of his appointment or such earlier time, being not less than two years, as

Public Services Commission. 26 of 1988.

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may be specified in the instrument by which he was appointed; or

(b) if any circumstances arise that, if he were not a member of the Commission, would cause him to be disqualified for appointment as such.

(6): A member of the Commission may be removed from office only for inability to perform the functions of his office (whether arising from infirmity of mind or body or from any other cause) or for misbehaviour, and shall not be so removed except in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(7): A member of the Commission shall be removed from office by the Governor-General if the question of the removal of that member from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council in accordance with the next following subsection and the Belize Advisory Council has advised the Governor-General that that member ought to be removed from office for inability as aforesaid or for misbehaviour.

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office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council under the preceding subsection, the Governor-General may suspend the member from performing the functions of his office, and any such suspension may at any time be revoked by the Governor-General and shall in any case cease to have effect if the Belize Advisory Council advises the Governor-General that the member should not be removed from office.

(10): If the office of a member of the Commission is vacant or a member is for any reason unable to perform the functions of his office, the Governor-General may appoint a person who is qualified for appointment as a member of the Commission to act as a member of the Commission, and any person so appointed shall, subject to the provisions of subsections (6), (7), (8) and (9) of this section, continue to act until he is notified by the Governor-General that the circumstances giving rise to the appointment have ceased to exist.

Defence and the Commandant of the Belize Defence Force shall be ex officio members, shall be responsible for matters relating to the military service; and

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42 of 1999.

(d): three, of whom the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Commissioner of Police shall be ex officio members, shall be responsible for matters relating to the Police Department and the National Fire Service; and
(e): Home Affairs and the Director, Security and Intelligence Service shall be ex officio members, shall be responsible for matters relating to the Security and Intelligence Service;
(f): two, being ex officio the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry for the time being responsible for the Prison Service and the Superintendent of Prisons, shall be responsible for matters relating to the Prison Service;

and in considering the matters referred to, the Commission shall comprise the members responsible for that matter and the Chairman.

(12): A member of the Commission shall not enter upon the duties of his office unless he has taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance and office.
(13): The Commission shall, in the exercise of its functions under this Constitution, not be subject to the direction or control of any other person or authority.
(14): The Commission may by regulation make provision for regulating and facilitating the performance of its functions under this Constitution.
(15): Subject to the provisions of this section, the Commission may regulate its own procedure.
(16): Any decision of the Commission shall require the concurrence of a majority of all the members thereof and, subject to its rules of

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procedure, the Commission may act notwithstanding the absence of any member other than the Chairman:

Provided that, in the exercise of its responsibilities for any matter referred to in subsection (11) of this section, any decision of the Commission shall require the concurrence of a majority of those persons comprising the Commission for the purposes of that matter.

Provided further that in any matter before the Commission or any section thereof, where the votes are equally divided, the Chairman shall have a casting vote in addition to his original vote.

(17) In subsection (11) of this section

“judicial and legal services” means service in the offices of Registrar General, Deputy Registrar General, Registrar, Deputy Registrar and Assistant Registrar of the Supreme Court, Registrar and Deputy Registrar of the Court of Appeal, Chief Magistrate, Magistrate, Legal Draftsman, Law Revision Counsel, Crown Counsel, Legal Assistant and such other public offices requiring a legal qualification as the Attorney-General may from time to time, by order published in the Gazette, prescribe;

“military service” means service in the Belize Defence Force or in any other military, naval or air force established for Belize.

106.-(1) The power to appoint persons to hold or act in offices in the public service (including the power to transfer or confirm appointments), and, subject to the provisions of section 111 of this Constitution, the power to exercise disciplinary control over persons holding or acting in such offices and the power to remove such persons from office shall vest in the Public Services Commission constituted for each case as prescribed in section 105(11) of this Constitution.

(2) In subsection (1) of this section, “public service” includes the

Appointment, etc., of public officers. 26 of 1988.

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military service, as defined in section 105 (17) of this Constitution.

(3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Minister or Ministers responsible for the public service given after consultation with the recognised representatives of the employees or other persons or groups within the public service as may be considered appropriate, may make regulations on any matter relating to

(a)	the formulation of schemes for recruitment to the public service;
(b)	the determination of a code of conduct for public officers;
(c)	the fixing of salaries and privileges;
(d)	the principles governing the promotion and transfer of public officers;
(e)	measures to ensure discipline, and to govern the dismissal and retirement of public officers, including the procedures to be followed;
(f)	the procedure for delegation of authority by and to public officers; and
(g)	generally for the management and control of the public service.
(4)	The Public Services Commission shall, in the exercise of its

functions under this section, be governed by regulations made under subsection (3) of this section.

(5) The Public Services Commission may, by directions in

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writing and subject to such conditions as it thinks fit, delegate any of its powers under subsection (1) of this section to any one or more members of the Commission or, with the consent of the Prime Minister, to any public officer.

(6) The provisions of subsection (1) of this section shall not apply in relation to the following offices, that is to say

(a)	any office to which section 107 of this Constitution applies;
(b)	the offices of justice of the Supreme Court and Justice of
	Appeal;
(c)	the office of Auditor-General;
(d)	the office of Director of Public Prosecutions; or
(e)	any office to which section 110 or section 110A or section
	110B of this Constitution applies.
(7)	No person shall be appointed under this section to or to act

in any office on the Governor-General’s personal staff except with the concurrence of the Governor-General, acting in his own deliberate judgment.

(8) A public officer shall not be removed from office or subjected to any other punishment under this section on the grounds of any act done or omitted by him in the exercise of a judicial function conferred on him unless the Judicial and Legal Services Section of the Public Services Commission concurs therein.

107.-(1) This section applies to the offices of Financial Secretary, Deputy Financial Secretary, Secretary to the Cabinet, Solicitor General, Permanent Secretary, head of a department of Government, Commissioner of Police, Director, Security and Intelligence Service, Commandant, Belize Defence Force,

Appointment, etc., of permanent secretaries and certain other officers.

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26 of 1988.

Director of Public Prosecutions.

26 of 1988.

Ambassador, High Commissioner or principal representative of Belize in any other country or accredited to any international organisation and, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, any other office designated by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Public Services Commission.

(2): The power to appoint persons to hold or to act in offices to which this section applies (including the power to transfer or to confirm appointments) and, subject to the provisions of section 111 of this Constitution, the power to exercise disciplinary control over persons holding or acting in such offices and the power to remove such persons from office shall vest in the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister.
(2): A person shall not be qualified for appointment to hold or act in the office of Director of Public Prosecutions unless he is qualified to be appointed as a justice of the Supreme Court.
(3): If the office of Director of Public Prosecutions is vacant or if the holder of that office is for any reason unable to exercise the functions of his office, the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Services Section of the Public Services Commission and with the concurrence of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, may appoint a person to act as Director.

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(4): A person appointed to act in the office of Director of Public Prosecutions shall, subject to the provisions of subsections (5), (7), (8) and
(6): The Director of Public Prosecutions may be removed from office only for inability to perform the functions of his office (whether arising from infirmity of mind or body or from any other cause) or for misbehaviour, and shall not be so removed except in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(7): The Director of Public Prosecutions shall be removed from office by the Governor-General if the question of his removal from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council in accordance with the next following subsection and the Belize Advisory Council has advised the Governor-General that he ought to be removed from office for inability as aforesaid or for misbehaviour.

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Auditor-General.

(2): If the office of Auditor-General is vacant or if the holder of that office is for any reason unable to exercise the functions of his office, the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Public Services Commission and with the concurrence of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, may appoint a person to act as Auditor-General.

(3) A person appointed to act in the office of Auditor-General

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shall, subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (6), (7) and (8) of this section, cease so to act

(a): after a person is appointed to hold that office and has assumed the functions thereof or, as the case may be, when the person in whose place he is acting resumes the functions of that office; or
(b): at such earlier time as may be prescribed by the terms of his appointment.

(5): The Auditor-General may be removed from office only for inability to perform the functions of his office (whether arising from infirmity of mind or body or from any other cause) or for misbehaviour, and shall not be so removed except in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(6): The Auditor-General shall be removed from office by the Governor-General if the question of his removal from office has been referred to the Belize Advisory Council in accordance with the next following subsection and the Belize Advisory Council has advised the Governor-General that he ought to be removed from office for inability as aforesaid or for misbehaviour.
(7): If the Prime Minister represents to the Governor-General that 26 of 1988. the question of removing the Auditor-General under this section ought to be investigated, then-

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Appointment, etc., of junior police officers. 42 of 1999.

42 of 1999.

Appointment, etc., of junior SIS officers and employees. 26 of 1988.

(a): the Governor-General shall refer the matter to the Belize Advisory Council which shall sit as a tribunal in the manner provided in section 54 of this Constitution; and
(b): the Belize Advisory Council shall enquire into the matter and report on the facts thereof to the Governor-General and advise the Governor-General whether he should be removed under this section.

(2): The Commissioner of Police may, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, delegate any of his powers under this section, by directions in writing, to any other officer of the Police Department.

110A.-(1) The power to appoint persons to hold or act in any office in the Security and Intelligence Service (including power to confirm appointments) to the rank of Grade III of that Service or below and to exercise disciplinary control over persons holding or acting in such offices and to remove such persons from office shall vest in the Director of the Service subject to the approval of the Minister for the time being responsible for the Service.

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(2) The Director, Security and Intelligence Service may, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, delegate any of his powers under this section, by directions in writing, to any senior officer of the Service.

110B-(1) The power to appoint persons to hold or act in any office in the Prison Appointment,

Service (including power to confirm appointments) below the rank of Principal ^{etc., of junior}officers of

Officer, and to exercise disciplinary control over persons holding or acting in such

Prison Service.

offices and to remove such persons from office, shall vest in the Superintendent of Prisons.

(2) The Superintendent of Prisons may, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, delegate any of his powers under this section, by directions in writing, to any other senior officer of the Prison Service.

111.-(1) This section applies to-Appeals in discipline cases.

(a) any decision of the Governor-General, acting in accordance 26 of 1988. with the advice of the Prime Minister or the Public Services Commission as the case may be, in relation to the public service, or any decision of the Public Services Commission

to remove a public officer from office or to exercise disciplinary control over a public officer (including a decision made on appeal from or confirming a decision of any person

to whom powers are delegated under section 106 (5) of this Constitution);

(c): if it is so provided by the National Assembly, any decision of the Commissioner of Police under subsection (1) of section

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110 of this Constitution, or of a person to whom powers are delegated under subsection (2) of that section, to remove a police officer from office or to exercise disciplinary control over a police officer;

(d) if it is so provided by the National Assembly, any decision of the Superintendent of Prisons under subsection (1) of section 110B of this Constitution, or of a person to whom powers are delegated under subsection (2) of that section, to remove an officer in the Prison Service from office or to exercise disciplinary control over such officer.

(3): Upon an appeal under this section the Belize Advisory Council may affirm or set aside the decision appealed against or may make any other decision which the authority or person from whom the appeal lies could have made.

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prescribed by the regulations or such decisions to exercise disciplinary control, other than decisions to remove from office, as may be prescribed.

(5): Regulations made under this section may, with the consent of the Prime Minister, confer powers or impose duties on any public officer or any authority of the Government for the purpose of the exercise of the functions of the Belize Advisory Council.
(6): In this section, “public officer” includes any person holding or acting in an office in the military service as defined in section 105(17) of this Constitution.

112.-(1) The law to be applied with respect to any pensions benefits that were Pension laws and

granted to any person before Independence Day shall be the law that was in ^{protection of}pension rights.

force at the date on which those benefits were granted or any law in force at a

33 of 1923.

later date that is not less favourable to that person.

(3): Where a person is entitled to exercise an option as to which of two or more laws shall apply in his case, the law for which he opts shall, for the

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CAP. 32.

Grant and withholding of pensions, etc.

26 of 1988.

purposes of this section, be deemed to be more favourable to him than the other law or laws.

(4): All pensions benefits shall (except to the extent to which, in the case of benefits under the Widows’ and Orphans’ Pensions Act or under any law amending or replacing that Act, they are a charge on a fund established by that Act or by any such law and have been duly paid out of that fund to the person or authority to whom payment is due) be a charge on the general revenues of Belize.
(5): In this section, “pensions benefits” means any pensions, compensation, gratuities or other like allowances for persons in respect of their service as public officers or for the widows, children, dependents or personal representatives of such persons in respect of such service.
(6): References in this section to the law with respect to pensions benefits include (without prejudice to their generality) references to the law regulating the circumstances in which such benefits may be granted or in which the grant of such benefits may be refused, the law regulating the circumstances in which any such benefits that have been granted may be withheld, reduced in amount or suspended and the law regulating the amount of any such benefits.

113.-(1) The power to grant any award under any pensions law for the time being in force in Belize (other than an award to which, under that law, the person to whom it is payable is entitled as of right) and, in accordance with any provisions in that behalf contained in any such law, to withhold, reduce in amount or suspend any award payable under any such law, shall vest in the Governor-General.

(2) The power vested in the Governor-General by the preceding subsection shall be exercised by him

(a) in the case of officers to whom section 107 of this Constitution applies, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime

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Minister;

(b)	in the case of all other officers, acting in accordance with the
	advice of the Public Services Commission.
(3)	In this section, “pensions law” means any law relating to the

grant to any person, or to the widow, children, dependents or personal representatives of that person, of an award in respect of the services of that person in a public office, and includes any instrument made under any such law.

PART IX

Finance

114.-(1) All revenues or other moneys raised or received by Belize (not being revenues or other moneys payable under this Constitution or any other law into some other public fund established for a specific purpose) shall be paid into and form one Consolidated Revenue Fund.

(2): No moneys shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Revenue Fund except to meet expenditure that is charged upon the Fund by this Constitution or any other law enacted by the National Assembly or where the issue of those moneys has been authorised by an appropriation law or by a law made in pursuance of section 116 of this Constitution.
(3): No moneys shall be withdrawn from any public fund other than the Consolidated Revenue Fund unless the issue of those moneys has been authorised by a law enacted by the National Assembly.
(4): No moneys shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Revenue Fund or any other public fund except in the manner prescribed by law.

Establishment of Consolidated Revenue Fund.

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Authorisation of expenditure from Consolidated Revenue Fund.

Authorisation of expenditure in advance of appropriation.

115.-(1) The Minister responsible for finance shall prepare and lay before the House of Representatives in each financial year estimates of the revenues and expenditures of Belize for the next following financial year.

(2) The heads of expenditure contained in the estimates (other than expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Revenue Fund by this Constitution or any other law) shall be included in a Bill, to be known as an Appropriation Bill, providing for the issue from the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the sums necessary to meet that expenditure and the appropriation of those sums for the purposes specified therein.

(3): If in respect of any financial year it is found
(a): that the amount appropriated by the appropriation law for any purpose is insufficient or that a need has arisen for expenditure for a purpose for which no amount has been appropriated by that law; or
(b): that any moneys have been expended for any purpose in excess of the amount appropriated for the purpose by the appropriation law or for a purpose for which no amount has been appropriated by that law,

a supplementary estimate showing the sums required or spent shall be laid before the House of Representatives and the heads of any such expenditure shall be included in a supplementary Appropriation Bill.

116. Any law enacted by the National Assembly may make provision under which, if the appropriation law in respect of any financial year has not come into operation by the beginning of that financial year, the Minister responsible for finance may authorise the withdrawal of moneys from the Consolidated Revenue Fund for the purpose of meeting expenditure necessary to carry on the services of the Government until the expiration of four months from the beginning of that financial year or the coming into operation of the

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the Government of Belize.

appropriation law, whichever is the earlier.

117.-(1) Any law enacted by the National Assembly may provide for the establishment of a Contingencies Fund and for authorising the Minister responsible for finance, if satisfied that there has arisen an urgent and unforeseen need for expenditure for which no other provision exists, to make advances from the Fund to meet that need.

(2): The salaries and allowances prescribed in pursuance of this section in respect of the holders of the offices to which this section applies shall be a charge on the Consolidated Revenue Fund.
(3): The salary prescribed in pursuance of this section in respect of the holder of any office to which this section applies and his other terms of service (other than allowances that are not taken into account in computing, under any law in that behalf, any pension payable in respect of his service in that office) shall not be altered to his disadvantage after his appointment.
(4): When a person’s salary or other terms of service depend upon his option, the salary or terms for which he opts shall, for the purposes of subsection (3) of this section, be deemed to be more advantageous to him than any others for which he might have opted.
(5): This section applies to the offices of the Governor-General, the Chief Justice, of Appeal, justice of the Supreme Court, member of the

Contingencies Fund.

Remuneration of certain officers.

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Belize Advisory Council, member of the Public Services Commission, member of the Elections and Boundaries Commission, the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Auditor-General.

(6) Nothing in this section shall be construed as prejudicing the provisions of section 112 of this Constitution.

Public debt. 119.-(1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Revenue Fund all debt charges for which Belize is liable.

(2) For the purposes of this section debt charges include interest, sinking fund charges, the repayment or amortization of debt, and all expenditure in connection with the raising of loans on the security of the Consolidated Revenue Fund and the service and redemption of debt created thereby.

Audit of public 120.-(1) There shall be an Auditor-General whose office shall be a public accounts, etc. office.

(2): The Auditor-General shall
(a): satisfy himself that all moneys that have been appropriated by the National Assembly and disbursed have been applied to the purposes to which they were so appropriated and that the expenditure conforms to the authority that governs it; and
(b): at least once in every year audit and report on the public accounts of Belize, the accounts of all officers and authorities of the Government, the accounts of all courts of law in Belize, the accounts of the Belize Advisory Council and every Commission established by this Constitution and the accounts of the Clerk to the National Assembly.
(3): The Auditor-General and any officer authorised by him shall

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have access to all books, records, returns, reports and other documents which in his opinion relate to any of the accounts referred to in subsection (2) of this section.

(4): The Auditor-General shall submit every report made by him in pursuance of subsection (2) of this section to the Minister responsible for finance who shall, not later than seven days after the House of Representatives first meets after he has received the report, lay it before the House.
(5): If the Minister fails to lay a report before the House in accordance with the provisions of subsection (4) of this section the Auditor-General shall transmit copies of that report to the Speaker who shall, as soon as practicable, present them to the House.
(4): and (5) of this section, the Auditor-General shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person or authority.

PART X

Miscellaneous

121.-(1) The persons to whom this section applies shall conduct themselves in such a way as not

(a)	to place themselves in positions in which they have or could
	have a conflict of interest;
(b)	to compromise the fair exercise of their public or official

Code of Conduct.

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National Symbols.

Powers of appointment and acting appointments.

functions and duties;

(c)	to use their office for private gain;
(d)	to demean their office or position;
(e)	to allow their integrity to be called into question; or
(f)	to endanger or diminish respect for, or confidence in, the
	integrity of the Government.
(2)	This section applies to the Governor-General, members of

the National Assembly, members of the Belize Advisory Council, members of the Public Services Commission, members of the Elections and Boundaries Commission, public officers, of statutory corporations and government agencies, and such other officers as may be prescribed by law enacted by the National Assembly.

122. The national symbols of Belize shall be those prescribed by the National Assembly.

123.-(1) Any reference in this Constitution to power to make appointments to any public office shall be construed as including a reference to the power to make appointments on promotion and transfer to that office and to the power to appoint a person to act in that office during any period during which it is vacant or the holder thereof is unable to perform the functions of that office.

(2): In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, a reference to the holder of an office by the term designating his office shall be construed as including a reference to any person who is for the time being lawfully acting in or performing the functions of that office.
(3): Where by this Constitution any person is directed, or power is conferred on any person or authority to appoint a person, to act in or other-

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wise to perform the functions of an office if the holder thereof is unable to perform the functions of that office, the validity of any performance of those functions by the person so directed or of any appointment made in exercise of that power shall not be called in question in any court of law on the ground that the holder of the office is not unable to perform the functions of the office.

124.-(1) Where any person has vacated any office established by this Constitution, he may, if qualified, again be appointed or elected to hold that office in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.

(2) Whenever the holder of any office constituted by or under this Constitution, or any public office otherwise constituted, is on leave of absence pending relinquishment of his office

(a)	another person may be appointed to that office; and
(b)	that person shall, for the purpose of any function of that
	office, be deemed to be the sole holder of that office.

125.-(1) References in this Constitution to the power to remove a public officer from his office shall be construed as including references to any power conferred by any law to require or permit that officer to retire from the public service and to any power or right to terminate a contract on which a person is employed as a public officer and to determine whether any such contract shall or shall not be renewed:

Provided that nothing in this subsection shall be construed as conferring on any person or authority power to require any justice of the Supreme Court or Justice of Appeal, the Director of Public Prosecutions, or the Auditor-General to retire from the public service.

(2) Any provision of this Constitution that vests in any person or authority power to remove any public officer from his office shall be without prejudice to the power of any person or authority to abolish any office or to any

Reappointments and concurrent appointments.

Removal from office.

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Resignations.

law providing for the compulsory retirement of public officers generally or any class of public officer on attaining an age specified therein.

125.-(1) A Senator or a member of the House of Representatives may resign his seat by writing under his hand addressed to the President or the Speaker, as the case may be, and the resignation shall take effect, and the seat shall accordingly become vacant, when the writing is received, as the case may be,

by
	(a)	the President or Speaker;
	(b)	if the office of President or Speaker is vacant or the Presi
		dent or Speaker is for any reason unable to perform the func
		tions of his office and no other person is performing them, the
		Vice-President or Deputy Speaker; or
	(c)	if the office of Vice-President or Deputy Speaker is vacant
		or the Vice-President or Deputy Speaker is for any reason
		unable to perform the functions of his office and no other
		person is performing them, the Clerk to the National Assem
		bly.
	(2)	The President or the Vice-President or the Speaker or the

Deputy Speaker may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Senate or the House, as the case may be, and the resignation shall take effect, and the office shall accordingly become vacant, when the writing is received by the Clerk to the National Assembly.

(3) Any person who has been appointed to an office established by this Constitution (other than an office to which subsection (1) or (2) of this section applies) or any office of Minister established under this Constitution may resign that office by writing under his hand addressed to the person or authority by whom he was appointed and the resignation shall take effect, and

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the office shall accordingly become vacant

(a): at such time or on such date (if any) as may be specified in the writing; or
(b): when the writing is received by the person or authority to whom it is addressed or by such other person as may be authorised to receive it,

whichever is the later:

Provided that the resignation may be withdrawn before it takes effect if the person or authority to whom the resignation is addressed consents to its withdrawal.

No provision of this Constitution that any person or authority shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person or authority in the exercise of any functions under this Constitution shall be construed as precluding a court of law from exercising jurisdiction in relation to any question whether that person or authority has performed those functions in accordance with this Constitution or any other law or should not perform those functions.
Where any power is conferred by this Constitution to make any proclamation, regulation, order or rule, or to give any direction or instructions, the power shall be construed as including the power, exercisable in like manner, to amend or revoke any such proclamation, regulation, order, rule, direction or instructions.

129.-(1) Where any person or authority is directed by this Constitution to exercise any function after consultation with any other person or authority, that person or authority shall not be obliged to exercise that function in accordance with the advice of that other person or authority.

(2) Where any person or authority is directed by this Constitution or any other law to consult any other person or authority before taking any decision

Saving for jurisdiction of courts.

Power to amend and revoke instruments, etc.

Constitution.

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National Seal.

Interpretation. Schedule 1.

or action, that other person or authority must be given a genuine opportunity to present his or its views before the decision or action, as the case may be, is taken.

130. There shall be a national seal bearing on it such device as the National Assembly shall approve by resolution.

131.-(1) In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires“Belize” means the land and sea areas defined in Schedule 1 to this Constitution;

“Commonwealth citizen” has such meaning as the National Assembly may

prescribe; “Court of Appeal” means the Court of Appeal established by this Constitution;

“Crown” means the Crown in right of Belize; “financial year” means the twelve months ending on 31st March in any year or

on such other date as may from time to time be prescribed by any law enacted by the National Assembly; “the Gazette” means the Belize Government Gazette and includes any

supplement thereto; “the Government” means the Government of Belize; “the House” means the House of Representatives or the Senate as the

context may require; “the House of Representatives” means the House of Representatives

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established by this Constitution; “Independence Day” means 21st September, 1981; “law” means any law in force in Belize or any part thereof, including any

instrument having the force of law and any unwritten rule of law, and “lawful” and “lawfully” shall be construed accordingly;

“Minister” means a Minister of Government; “the National Assembly” means the National Assembly established by this Constitution;

“oath” includes affirmation;

“oath of allegiance and office” means the oath prescribed in Schedule 3 to this Constitution; “Police Department” means the Belize Police Department; 42 of 1999. “President” and “Vice-President” mean the respective persons holding office

as President and Vice-President of the Senate; “public office” means any office of emolument in the public service;

“public officer” means a person holding or acting in any public office;

“the public service” means, subject to the provisions of this section, the service of the Crown in a civil capacity in respect of the Government;

“Senate” means the Senate established by this Constitution;

“session” means, in relation to a House of the National Assembly, the sittings of that House commencing when it first meets after the prorogation or dissolution of the National Assembly at any time and terminating when the National As-

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sembly is prorogued or is dissolved without having been prorogued;

“sitting” means, in relation to a House of the National Assembly, a period during which that House is sitting continuously without adjournment and includes any period during which the House is in committee;

“Speaker” and “Deputy Speaker” mean the respective persons holding office as Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives;

“Supreme Court” means the Supreme Court of Judicature established by this Constitution.

(2): Except in sections 63 (1) and 71 of this Constitution, references in this Constitution to a member or members of the House of Representatives or to a Senator or Senators do not include references to a person who, under section 56(2), is a member of the House by virtue of holding the office of Speaker, or who, under section 61 (1), is a Senator by virtue of holding the office of President.
(3): In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, references to an office in the public service shall be construed as including references to the offices of justice of the Supreme Court and Justice of Appeal,

42 of 1999. offices of members of the Police Department, and offices on the GovernorGeneral’s personal staff.

26 of 1988. (4) In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, references to an office in the public service shall not be construed as including references to the office of Prime Minister or other Minister, of State, Speaker or Deputy Speaker or member of the House of Representatives, President or Vice-President or Senator, member of the Belize Advisory Council, or member of any Commission established by this Constitution or the Clerk, Deputy Clerk or staff of the National Assembly.

(5) For the purposes of this Constitution, a person shall not be

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regarded as holding a public office by reason only of the fact that he is in receipt of a pension or other like allowance in respect of service under the Crown.

(6) Save as otherwise provided in this Constitution, the Interpretation Act 1980 as in force immediately before Independence Day shall apply, with the necessary adaptations, for the purpose of interpreting this Constitution.

PART XI

Transitional Provisions

132. In this Part

“the Constitution Ordinance” means the British Honduras Constitution Ordinance 1963;

“the Letters Patent” means the Belize Letters Patent 1964 to 1979.

133. The Governor (as defined for the purposes of the Letters Patent) acting after consultation with the Premier (as so defined) may at any time after this section comes into operation exercise any of the powers conferred on the Governor-General by section 134 of this Constitution to such extent as may be necessary or expedient to enable the Constitution to function as from Independence Day.

134.-(1) Subject to the provisions of this Part, the existing laws shall notwithstanding the revocation of the Letters Patent and the Constitution Ordinance continue in force on and after Independence Day and shall then have effect as if they had been made in pursuance of this Constitution but they shall be construed with such modifications, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions as may be necessary to bring them into conformity with this Constitution.

(2) Where any matter that falls to be prescribed or otherwise provided for

18 of 1980. CAP. 1.

Interpretation of this Part.

The Constitution

-transitional powers.

Existing laws.

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under this Constitution by the National Assembly or by any other authority or person is prescribed or provided for by or under an existing law (including any amendment to any such law made under this section) that prescription or provision shall as from Independence Day have effect (with such modifications, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions as may be necessary to bring it into conformity with this Constitution) as if it had been made under this Constitution by the National Assembly or as the case may require by the other authority or person.

(3): The Governor-General may by order published in the Gazette within twelve months after Independence Day make such amendments to any existing law (other than this Constitution) as may be necessary or expedient for bringing that law into conformity with the provisions of this Constitution or otherwise for giving effect or enabling effect to be given to those provisions.
(4): An order made under this section may be amended or revoked by the National Assembly or in relation to any existing law affected thereby, by any other authority having power to amend, repeal or revoke that existing law.
(5): The provisions of this section shall be without prejudice to any powers conferred by this Constitution or by any other law upon any person or authority to make provision for any matter, including the amendment or repeal of any existing law.
(6): In this section, the expression “existing law” means any Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, Order of Her Majesty in Council, Ordinance, rule, regulation, order or other instrument having effect as part of the law of Belize immediately before Independence Day (including any such law made before that day and coming into operation or after that day).

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135.-(1) Her Majesty may before Independence Day appoint the first Governor-General from among persons who qualify by virtue of section 23 of this Constitution to become citizens of Belize on Independence Day.

(2): The persons who, immediately before Independence Day, hold office as Ministers (other than the Premier) under the Letters Patent shall, as from that day, hold the like offices as if they had been appointed thereto under section 40 of this Constitution.
(3): Any person holding the office of Prime Minister or other Minister by virtue of subsections (1) and (2) of this section who, immediately before Independence Day, was under the Letters Patent assigned responsibility for any business or department of government shall, as from that day, be deemed to have been assigned responsibility for that business or department under section 41 of this Constitution.
(4): Any person holding the office of Prime Minister or other Minister by virtue of subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements of section 46 of this Constitution.

137.-(1) The persons who, immediately before Independence Day, are members of the former House of Representatives shall, as from that day, be deemed to have been elected in pursuance of section 56 (1) of this Constitution in the respective electoral divisions corresponding to the electoral divisions by which they were returned to the former House of Representatives, and shall hold

First Governor-General.

Ministers.

National Assembly.

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their seats in the House of Representatives in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.

(2): The persons who, immediately before Independence Day, are members of the former Senate, having been appointed as such under paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of section 9 (2) of the Constitution Ordinance, shall, as from Independence Day, be deemed to have been appointed to the Senate in pursuance of paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) respectively of section 61 (2) of this Constitution, and shall hold their seats in the Senate in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
(3): The persons deemed to be elected to the House of Representatives or to be appointed to the Senate by virtue of subsections (1) and
(2): of this section shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements of section 71 of this Constitution.
(4): The persons who, immediately before Independence Day, are the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the former House of Representatives and the President and Vice-President of the former Senate shall, as from Independence Day, be deemed to have been elected respectively as Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives and President and Vice-President of the Senate in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and shall hold office in accordance with those provisions.
(5): The person who, immediately before Independence Day, is the Leader of the Opposition in the former House of Representatives shall, as from that day, be deemed to have been appointed as Leader of the Opposition in pursuance of section 47 of this Constitution, and shall hold office as such in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
(6): The Standing Orders of the former House of Representatives and of the former Senate as in force immediately before Independence Day shall, until it is otherwise provided under section 70 of this Constitution, be the Standing Orders respectively of the House of Representatives and of the

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Senate, but they shall be construed with such modifications, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions as may be necessary to bring them into conformity with this Constitution.

(7): Notwithstanding anything in section 84 (2) of the Constitution (but subject to subsection (3) of that section), the National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, stand dissolved on 30th November 1984 (that is to say, five years from the date when the two Houses of the former National Assembly first met after the last dissolution of that Assembly under the Constitution Ordinance).
(8): In this section, the expressions “former National Assembly”, “former House of Representatives”, and “former Senate” mean respectively the National Assembly, House of Representatives, and Senate established by the Constitution Ordinance.

138. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution every person who immediately before Independence Day holds or is acting in a public office under the Letters Patent or the Constitution Ordinance shall, as from that day, continue to hold or act in that office or the corresponding office established by this Constitution as if he had been appointed thereto in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and as if he had taken any oath required by this Constitution or any other law:

Provided that any person who under the Letters Patent, the Constitution Ordinance or any other law in force immediately before Independence Day would have been required to vacate his office at the expiration of any period shall, unless earlier removed in accordance with this Constitution, vacate his office at the expiration of that period.

139.-(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall on and after Independence Day have all the powers which immediately before that day are vested in the former Supreme Court.

Existing public officers.

Supreme Court and Court of Appeal.

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Alteration of this Part.

(2): All proceedings that, immediately before Independence Day, are pending before the former Supreme Court may be continued and concluded on and after that day before the Supreme Court.
(3): Any decision given before Independence Day by the former Supreme Court shall for the purposes of its enforcement or of any appeal therefrom have effect on and after that day as if it were a decision of the Supreme Court.
(4): Any appeals from Belize that, immediately before Independence Day, are pending before the former Court of Appeal may be continued and concluded on and after that day before the Court of Appeal.
(5): Any decision given before Independence Day by the former Court of Appeal shall for the purposes of its enforcement or of any appeal therefrom have effect on and after that day as if it were a decision of the Court of Appeal.

(6) In this section

“the former Supreme Court” means the Supreme Court established by the Constitution Ordinance;

“the former Court of Appeal” means the Court of Appeal established by the Court of Appeal Ordinance 1967.

140.-(1) The National Assembly may alter any of the provisions of this Part, other than those referred to in subsection (2) of this section, in the manner specified in section 69(4) of this Constitution.

(2) The National Assembly may alter this section, subsections (1),

(4) and (7) of section 137, section 138 and section 139 of this Constitution in the manner specified in subsections (3) and (5) of section 69 of this Constitution.

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(3) Subsections (7) and (8) of section 69 of this Constitution shall apply for the purpose of construing references in this section to any provision of this Part and to the alteration of any such provision as they apply for the purpose of construing references in section 69 of this Constitution and in Schedule 2 hereto to any provision of this Constitution and to the alteration of any such provision.

PART XII

Repeal and Date of Commencement

This Constitution shall come into operation on Independence Day: Commencement.
Provided that sections 133 and 135 of this Constitution shall come into operation forthwith.

The Ordinances set out in Schedule 4 are revoked with effect from Revocations. Independence Day.

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Section 1

SCHEDULE 1 TO THE CONSTITUTION

Definition of Belize

1. The territory of Belize comprises the mainland of Belize and all its associated islands and cayes within the area bounded by the frontiers with Guatemala and Mexico and the outer limit of the territorial sea of Belize described as follows:

(b): the frontier with Mexico is the line prescribed by the Treaty between the United Kingdom and Mexico signed on 8 July 1893;
(c): the outer limit of the territorial sea of Belize is the limit pro vided by law measured from such baselines as may have been prescribed before Independence Day by law or otherwise, or as may be so prescribed thereafter,

and also includes the Turneffe Islands, the Cayes of Lighthouse Reef and Glover Reef, together with all associated islets and reefs, and their adjacent waters as far as the outer limit of the territorial sea appertaining to them.

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2. The area referred to in paragraph 1 of this Schedule includes, but is not limited to, Ambergris Caye, Caye Caulker, Caye Chapel, Long Caye, Frenchman’s Caye, St. George’s Caye, Sergeant’s Caye, Goff’s Caye, English Caye, Rendezvous Caye, Bluefield Range of Cayes, Southern Long Caye, Columbus Caye, Fly Range of Cayes, Tobacco Range of Cayes, Southern Water Caye, Carrie Bow Caye, Gladden Caye, Silk Cayes, Pompion Caye, Ranguana Range of Cayes, Sapodilla Range of Cayes, Snake Cayes, all islands and cayes associated with the above-mentioned cayes, and all other cayes lying within and along the Barrier Reef.

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Section 69

SCHEDULE 2 TO THE CONSTITUTION

Alteration of Constitution

Provisions of Constitution referred to in section 69(3)

(i)	Part II;
(ii)	sections 55 to 60 (inclusive), 84, 85, 88 to 93 (inclusive);
(iii)	Part VII;
(iv)	sections 52 (2), 54, 108 (7) and (8), 109 (6) and (7), and
	111;
(v)	sections 105 and 106.

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Section 131 (1)

SCHEDULE 3 TO THE CONSTITUTION

Form of Oath and Affirmation

Oath of Allegiance and Office

I, ....................., do swear [or solemnly and sincerely affirm and declare] that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Belize, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Her Heirs and Successors, and will uphold the Constitution and the law, and that I will conscientiously, impartially and to the best of my ability discharge my duties as [............. ] and do right to all manner of people without fear or favour, affection or ill-will. [So help me God.]

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SCHEDULE 4 TO THE CONSTITUTION

REVOCATIONS

Ordinances Revoked References

British Honduras Constitution Ordinance, 1963. No. 33/1963

British Honduras Constitution (Amendment) Ordinance, 1966 No. 23/1966

British Honduras Constitution (Amendment) Ordinance, 1970 No. 9/1970

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Constitución de Belice, Belice

Documentos disponibles

REVISED EDITION 2000

REVISED EDITION 2000