Reservations made upon ratification: "1. With regard to the protection of producers of phonograms, Monaco will not apply the criterion of publication but only the criteria of nationality and fixation, in accordance with article 5, paragraph 3. 2. With regard to broadcasting organizations, in accordance with article 16, paragraph 1 (a)-(i), Monaco will not apply any of the provisions of article 12. 3. With regard to broadcasting organizations, in accordance with article 16, paragraph 1 (b), Monaco will not apply the provisions of article 13 (d) concerning protection against communication to the public of television broadcasts."