O F F I C I A L G A Z E T T E O F B O L I V I A
SUPREME DECREE No. 05918 VICTOR PAZ ESTENSSORO
CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
Courtesy translation provided by WIPO, © 2011
WHEREAS:
It is the duty of the State to protect the artistic and cultural heritage of the Nation, ensuring the proper conservation of artistic, historical and archeological treasures from the pre-Colombian, colonial and republican eras.
For this purpose, there is a need to supplement existing provisions, define their scope and regulate their application.
DECREES:
ARTICLE 1.- In accordance with Precept 199 of the Political Constitution of the State, any monument, museum, work or piece that has artistic, historical or archeological value and is found on the territory of the Republic is hereby declared part of the cultural wealth of the Nation.
Monuments and works of art shall be defined as expressions of the mind, produced by means of the three-dimensional arts, as for example:
(a) Architecture.- Cities, urban complexes and groups of monuments, churches, convents, parish houses, civil buildings (palaces and houses), public and private museums dating from before 1900.
(b) Paintings: murals, pictures (panels, canvasses, metal sheets and glass), engravings, drawings and prints.
(c) Free-standing sculptures, reliefs and nativity scenes.
(d) Minor arts: gold and silver objects: historical silverware (silver-laminated wooden items (forestales), gratings, tabernacles, sacraria, panels) silver objects (tableware, lamps, candelabras and religious objects), jewels; dating from before 1900.
(e) Furniture and accessories; dating from before 1900.
(f) Tapestries, fabrics and embroidery (religious ornaments, ecclesiastical dress and headdresses); dating from before 1900.
(g) Porcelain, pottery, crystal, glass combs, alabaster and other.
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(h) Books: manuscripts, (illuminated palimpsest codices), incunabular, antique and rare books (primarily national) and musical scores and parts.
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Monuments and historical pieces shall be defined as objects or documents that are linked or related to the country’s history or the famous citizens who were part of it, namely:
(a) Buildings: The House of Liberty (Sucre), the Government Palaces (Sucre and La Paz), the National Mint (Potosí), the Town Halls of the departmental capitals, the houses where famous Bolivian citizens were born, lived or died, the house where the Charcas Court sat, the house of the Chief Magistrates, and the house of the Royal Officials in Potosí.
i. In each case a special declaration shall be made.
(b) Historical documents and those which bear the signature of the national authorities and of famous Bolivian citizens.
(c) Presidential sashes, decorations and medals, objects for the personal use of Presidents of the Republic, high-ranking State dignitaries and other figures who played an exceptional role in the country’s history before 1900.
Monuments and archeological pieces shall be defined as remnants of human activities, of artistic or scientific importance, from the pre-Colombian era, such as:
(a) Monuments, ruins of populations, temples, fortresses, terraces, dams, irrigation canals and trails.
(b) Archeological sites, rubbish dumps and cemeteries, funeral pyramids, funeral mounds, caves and adobe or stone graves (chullpares).
(c) Archeological objects: statues, stelae, obelisks, sculptures of any material, quality or significance. Stone, wood, bone and shell utensils.
(d) Everyday and ceremonial pottery.
(e) Fabrics, baskets, nets, tapestries, embroidery and feathers.
(f) Precious metalworking: objects in gold, silver, copper, bronze and other materials and precious and semi-precious stones.
ARTICLE 2.- The national artistic, historical and archeological heritage shall not include works of foreign origin that have entered the country less than three years previously.
ARTICLE 3.- Artistic, historical and archeological riches, including those destined for religious worship and private ownership, may not be exported under any circumstances, including export via diplomatic channels, under penalty of seizure and the sanctions to be stipulated in Regulations under this Decree. Diplomats, when they leave the country, shall make a sworn statement that they are not exporting objects defined as part of the
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artistic, historical and archeological heritage.
ARTICLE 4.- The ban set out in the previous Article shall not apply to exhibitions or specimens which, under international agreements, leave the country temporarily, subject to the provisions of adequate guarantees and security, as well as all contemporary artwork that is less than 30 years old.
ARTICLE 5.- The State shall protect and conserve the buildings and objects declared to be national monuments or those considered to be of historical, artistic or archeological value or interest, by specific resolution and subject to appropriate expertise.
ARTICLE 6.- The obligations and functions provided for by this Decree shall be fulfilled by the Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, through the National Department of Culture, its commissions and delegates, in each and every one of the departmental capitals, and the Ministry of Housing, through the National Customs Service.
ARTICLE 7.- In accordance with Precept 19 of the Political Constitution of the State, any immoveable or moveable good, object or piece of artistic, historical or archeological value shall be open to expropriation, in case of public necessity or utilization, in return for fair compensation.
ARTICLE 8.- The goods covered by this Decree may not be impounded or sequestered.
ARTICLE 9.- In the event of the transfer of privately held goods registered with the National Department of Fine Arts, the aforesaid Department shall, after the term of three months has expired, through the respective prefectures and subprefectures, state in a specific decision the need to acquire the item which has been transferred or for which ownership has changed. Equal preference shall be given to: (a) the national Government; (b) universities; (c) the Department; (d) the corresponding municipality; (e) cultural societies or institutes responsible for museums or artistic, historical or archeological collections.
ARTICLE 10.- In the event that the National Department, within the term set, is able to resolve the problem of the acquisition, sale or transfer, this may take place between private individuals, subject to the prior written authorization of the same Department of Culture, and must be registered accordingly.
ARTICLE 11.- Dealers in antiques, works of art, archeology or history, including those who sell manuscripts, antique or rare books, shall be obliged to register in the special registry kept by the National Department of Culture; to provide half-yearly updates on their stock and new acquisitions and to submit their accounts of inventories and sales to inspectors appointed by said Department, who shall visit their premises.
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ARTICLE 12.- In accordance with Article 5 of this Decree, the National Department of Culture shall have jurisdiction throughout the Republic, for the purposes of this Decree. It shall be advised by a Board, which shall be composed of the Director of the National Art Museum, the Director of the Art Research Institute of the Universidad Mayor of “San Andrés” and a delegate from the ecclesiastical hierarchy. It may appoint commissions, departmental delegates and inspectors, all under the authority of the National Department.
ARICLE 13.- The National Department of Culture shall have the following main functions:
(a) To conserve and restore all national monuments and those declared to be of artistic or historical value or interest, as well as civil and ecclesiastical or religious buildings and art and history museums in the country; it shall coordinate such efforts with the National Department for Public Works.
(b) To catalog and make a detailed inventory of all museums, objects of art and those related to the country’s history, which are in public museums or private collections.
(c) To see to it that all of the artistic pieces and historical memories of the nation are properly conserved, avoiding their deterioration or their alienation for commercial purposes.
(d) To intervene in any matters relating to institutions and estates or donations relating to works of art or history, giving timely instructions to notaries on specific matters.
(e) To retain any technical advice sought by the departmental or municipal authorities, primarily in relation to the organization of museums, the creation of monuments, and the restoration of historical or artistic buildings.
(f) To keep the following registry books and inventories:
1. General Inventory Book, for the purposes of clause (b) of this Article.
2. Registry Book of Colonial Goods.
3. Registry Book of Republican Goods (up to 1900).
4. Registry Book of Antiques or Antique Dealers.
(g) To organize the trade fairs, exhibitions, national art contests and exhibitions of artistic and historical works that the Supreme Government has decided to hold, at least once a year, in each Department.
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(h) To make proposals to the Supreme Government, accompanied by a detailed report and a justification of the grounds, to the Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, to declare buildings, pieces or objects which deserve such classification as National Monuments or monuments of artistic or historical value or interest.
ARTICLE 14.- The National Department of Archeology shall have the following main functions:
(a)To conserve and restore prehistoric monuments.
(b)To direct and organize anthropological research in the country.
(c)To keep the registry and inventories of museums of archeology, ethnography and popular arts in the country.
(d)To ensure compliance with the Regulations for Archeological Excavations, issued by the Ministry of Education.
(e)To centralize anthropological files on all present and future research.
ARTICLE 15.- When a building is declared a National Monument, this shall create, for the building’s private owners, a legal impediment to changing it in full or in part; they must proceed with its conservation, repair and care under the close supervision of the National Department of Culture.
ARTICLE 16.- National Monuments, museums and collections in private hands shall fulfill a public function, in accordance with a timetable that does not inconvenience the owner; moreover, they must be accessible at all times to researchers and scholars.
ARTICLE 17.- If the conservation of artistic, historical or archeological monuments implies a limitation of the private domain, the Executive shall compensate the owner, on the basis of a report by the National Department of Culture.
ARTICLE 18.- The National Department of Culture, through the Ministry of Foreign Relations and the Bolivian diplomatic representations accredited abroad, shall negotiate the return to the country of any work or piece belonging to the nation’s artistic heritage that has left the country illegally.
ARTICLE 19.- In accordance with applicable international agreements, contemporary artwork (paintings, sculptures, architectural projects, ceramics, engravings and drawings) shall be exempt from all import or export customs duties. Such exemption shall not apply to all pieces or objects of a commercial or industrial nature. The written authorization of the Ministry of Education shall be required for any exports of artwork.
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ARTICLE 20.- Any archives and historical documents from the colonial and Republican eras up to 1900, which are in the hands of private individuals, shall be liable to expropriation on account of public necessity and utility, with a view to their incorporation in the corresponding archives or museums.
ARTICLE21.- The National Department of Culture shall have a special budget enabling it to perform its functions.
ARTICLE 22.- Any person or institution seeking to export artistic, historical or archeological objects which form part of the nation’s cultural heritage shall be liable, in addition to the confiscation of said objects, to a fine equivalent to 100 per cent of the value thereof in accordance with their legal valuation, apart from the penalties prescribed in the Penal Code, in relation to State property. Such fines shall accrue to the National Department of Culture.
ARTICLE 23.- In case of the loss or theft of any artistic, historical or archeological object which has been inventoried by and registered with the National Department of Culture, the private owner shall be obliged to bring this fact to the attention of said National Department, within 10 days from the date of its occurrence, under penalty of a fine, the amount of which shall be fixed by the aforegoing public department.
ARTICLE 24.- Objects or works of art, history or archeology which form part of the nation’s cultural heritage may only be repaired, restored and above all touched up with the prior written authorization of the National Department of Culture and under the guidance of an expert designated by the aforegoing National Department, under penalty of a fine that said Department deems fair.
ARTICLE 25.- The prior authorization of the National Department of Culture shall be required to construct buildings which impede the view of a building that has been declared a National Monument, under penalty of the demolition of said construction.
The Ministers of State for Education, Fine Arts, Housing and Statistics, shall be responsible for applying and enforcing this Decree.
Done in the Palace of Government of the city of La Paz, on the sixth day of the month of November, of the year one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one.
Signed: VICTOR PAZ ESTENSSORO, José Fellman Velarde, Augusto Cuadros Sánchez.
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- DECRETO SUPREMO Nº 05918
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DECRETO SUPREMO Nº 05918 VICTOR PAZ ESTENSSORO PRESIDENTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA REPÚBLICA
Que es deber del Estado proteger el acervo artístico y cultural de la Nación, velando por la buena conservación de los tesoros artísticos, históricos y arqueológicos, tanto de la época precolombina y colonial, como republicana.
Que para tales efectos, es necesario complementar las disposiciones existentes, definir sus alcances y reglamentar su aplicación.
ARTÍCULO 1.-De acuerdo con el precepto 199 de la Constitución Política del Estado, declárase tesoro cultural de la Nación, todo monumento, museo, obra o pieza que tenga valor artístico, histórico y arqueológico existente en el territorio de la República.
Se entiende por monumentos y obras de arte, las manifestaciones del espíritu, realizadas por medio de las artes plásticas, como son:
a) Arquitectura.-Ciudades, conjuntos urbanísticos y monumentales, iglesias, conventos, casas parroquiales, edificios civiles (palacios y casas), museos públicos y particulares; anteriores a 1900.
b) Pinturas: murales, cuadros (tablas, lienzos, láminas metálicas y vidrios), grabados, dibujos y estampas.
c) Esculturas exentas, relieves y establos.
d) Artes menores: objetos de orfebrería: platería monumental (forestales, gradillas, tabernáculos, sagrarios, chapas) objetos de plata (vajillas, lámparas, candelabros y objetos del culto sagrado), joyas; anteriores a 1900.
e) Muebles y accesorios; anteriores a 1900.
f) Tapices, tejidos y bordados (ornamentos del culto sagrado, trajes y tocados); anteriores a 1900.
g) Porcelanas, lozas, cristales, vidrios marfiles, alabastro, y otros.
h) Libros: manuscritos, (palimcestos códices miniados), libros incunables, antiguos y raros (fundamentalmente nacionales), partituras y partichelas musicales.
Son monumentos y piezas históricas, aquellas que se hallan vinculadas o relacionadas con la historia patria o los próceres que actuaron en ella, a saber:
a) Edificios: La Casa de la Libertad (Sucre), Los Palacios de Gobierno (Sucre y La Paz), la Casa Nacional de Moneda (Potosí), las Casas Consistoriales de las capitales de Departamento, las casas donde nacieron, vivieron o murieron los Próceres bolivianos, la casa que ocupó la antigua Audiencia de Charcas, la de los Corregidores y la de los Oficiales Reales en Potosí.
En cada caso se hará una declaratoria especial.
b) Documentos históricos y aquellos que lleven la firma de las autoridades nacionales y de los Próceres bolivianos.
c) Las bandas presidenciales, condecoraciones y medallas, los objetos de uso personal de Presidentes de la República, altos dignatarios del Estado y otros personajes, que hubiesen intervenido en forma excepcional en la historia patria, hasta 1900.
Se consideran monumentos y piezas arqueológicas, los restos de la actividad humana, de importancia artística o científica de la época precolombina, como son:
a) Monumentos, ruinas de poblaciones, templos, fortalezas, andenerías agrícolas, represas, canales de irrigación y caminos.
b) Los yacimientos arqueológicos, basurales o cementerios, pirámides funerarias, “huacas”, cavernas y casas tumbas de adobe o piedra (chullpares).
c) Objetos arqueológicos: estatuas, estelas, obeliscos, esculturas de cualquier material, calidad o significado. Utensilios de piedra, madera, hueso, concha.
d) Alfarería utilitaria y ceremonial.
e) Tejidos, canastos, redes, tapices, bordados y plumería.
f) Orfebrería: objetos de oro, plata, cobre, bronce y otros materiales y piedras preciosas y semipreciosas.
ARTÍCULO 2.-Quedan excluídos del patrimonio artístico, histórico y arqueológico nacional las obras de procedencia extranjera traídas por un tiempo menor de tres años.
ARTÍCULO 3.-La riqueza artística, histórica y arqueológica, incluyendo la destinada al culto religioso y la propiedad particular, no podrá ser exportada por ningún concepto, comprendiéndose en esta prohibición la que se pretendiere hacer por vía diplomática, bajo pena de decomiso y de las sanciones establecidas que irán especificadas en la reglamentación del presente Decreto. Los diplomáticos, a tiempo de abandonar el país deberán hacer una declaración jurada en sentido de no exportar objetos comprendidos en el patrimonio artístico, histórico y arqueológico.
ARTÍCULO 4.-Quedan eximidas de la prohibición del anterior artículo las exposiciones o muestras que bajo los convenios internacionales salen temporalmente del país, previas las garantías y seguros adecuados, asimismo todas las obras de arte contemporáneos que tengan una antigüedad menor de 30 años.
ARTÍCULO 5.-El estado protegerá y conservará los edificios y objetos que sean declarados Monumentos Nacionales, o aquellos considerados de valor o interés histórico, artístico o arqueológico, por resolución expresa y previo asesoramiento adecuado.
ARTÍCULO 6.-Las obligaciones y funciones previstas en el presente Decreto, serán cumplidas por el Ministerio de Educación y Bellas Artes, mediante la Dirección Nacional de Cultura, sus comisiones y delegados, en todas y cada una de las capitales de Departamento y el Ministerio de Hacienda por intermedio de la Aduana Nacional.
ARTÍCULO 7.-De conformidad al precepto 19 de la Constitución Política del Estado, todo bien inmueble o mueble, objeto o pieza de valor artístico, histórico o arqueológico, es susceptible de expropiación, en caso de necesidad u utilidad públicas, previa registrados en la Dirección Nacional de Bellas Artes, por intermedio de las Prefecturas y Subprefecturas respectivas y una vez que haya transcurrido el plazo de tres meses, que queda establecido para que la citada Dirección manifieste mediante resolución expresa, -la necesidad de la adquisición del bien transferido o enajenado-; teniendo preferencia en igualdad de condiciones: a) el Gobierno Nacional; b) Las Universidades; c) el Departamento; d) el Municipio correspondiente; e) las sociedades o institutos culturales, que tengan a su cargo museos o colecciones artísticos, históricos o arqueológicos.
ARTÍCULO 10.-En el caso de que dicha Dirección Nacional, dentro del plazo establecido, resuelva la inconveniencia de la adquisición, venta o transferencia, ésta se podrá efectuar entre particulares, previa autorización escrita de la misma Dirección Nacional de Cultura, hecho que sea su registro correspondiente.
ARTÍCULO 11.-Los negociantes en antigüedades o anticuarios, los de obras de arte, arqueológicas e históricas, incluyendo los que venden manuscritos, libros antiguos y raros, están obligados a inscribirse en un libro especial de registro en la Dirección Nacional de Cultura; informar semestralmente sobre sus existencias y nuevas adquisiciones y presentar sus libros de inventario y ventas a los Inspectores, que nombrados por la Dirección Nacional de Cultura se hagan presentes en su negocio.
ARTÍCULO 12.-En cumplimiento del artículo 5° del presente Decreto, la Dirección Nacional de Cultura tendrá jurisdicción en toda la República, para los efectos del present CONSIDERANDO:
DECRETA:
indemnización justa. ARTÍCULO 8.trata éste Decreto. No podrán ser objeto de embargo o secuestro los bienes de que ARTÍCULO 9. En caso de transferencia de los bienes de propiedad particular,