Patent Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. P-4) (as amended up to December 13, 2018)， 加拿大

Patent Act

(R.S.C. , 1985, c. P-4)

(as amended up to December 13, 2018)

An Act respecting patents of invention

Short Title

Short title

1 This Act may be cited as the Patent Act.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 1.

Interpretation

Definitions

2 In this Act, except as otherwise provided,

applicant includes an inventor and the legal representatives of an applicant or

inventor; (demandeur)

certificate of supplementary protection means a certificate issued by the Minister

of Health under section 113; (certificat de protection supplémentaire)

claim date means the date of a claim in an application for a patent in Canada, as

determined in accordance with section 28.1;

Commissioner means the Commissioner of Patents; (commissaire)

country includes a WTO Member, as defined in subsection 2(1) of the World Trade

Organization Agreement Implementation Act; (pays)

filing date means, in relation to an application for a patent in Canada, the date on

which the application is filed, as determined in accordance with section 28; (date de

dépôt)

holder means, with respect to a certificate of supplementary protection, the person

for the time being that is entitled to the benefit of the certificate; (titulaire)

invention means any new and useful art, process, machine, manufacture or

composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement in any art, process,

machine, manufacture or composition of matter; (invention)

legal representatives includes heirs, executors, administrators of the estate,

liquidators of the succession, guardians, curators, tutors, transferees and all other

persons claiming through applicants for patents and patentees of inventions or

through holders of certificates of supplementary protection; (représentants légaux)

Minister means the Minister of Industry or such other member of the Queen’s Privy

Council for Canada as is designated by the Governor in Council as the Minister for

the purposes of this Act; (ministre)

patent means letters patent for an invention; (brevet)

patentee means the person for the time being entitled to the benefit of a patent;

(breveté ou titulaire d’un brevet)

predecessor in title includes any person through whom an applicant for a patent in

Canada claims the right to the patent; (prédécesseur en droit)

prescribed means prescribed by rules or regulations of the Governor in Council

and, in the case of a fee, includes a fee determined in the manner prescribed;

(réglementaire)

prescribed fee [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 1]

priority date [Repealed, 1993, c. 15, s. 26]

regulation includes a rule or form; (règlement)

regulation and rule [Repealed, 2017, c. 6, s. 32]

request for priority means a request under section 28.4; (demande de priorité)

rule includes a regulation or form. (règle)

work on a commercial scale [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 189]

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 2; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 1; 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F); 1993, c. 2, s. 2, c. 15,

s. 26, c. 44, s. 189; 1994, c. 47, s. 141; 1995, c. 1, s. 62; 2017, c. 6, s. 32.

Her Majesty

Binding on Her Majesty

2.1 This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.

1993, c. 44, s. 190.

Patent Office and Officers

Patent Office

3 There shall be attached to the Department of Industry, or to such other department

of the Government of Canada as may be determined by the Governor in Council, an

office called the Patent Office.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 3; 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F); 1995, c. 1, s. 63.

Commissioner of Patents

4 (1) The Governor in Council may appoint a Commissioner of Patents who shall,

under the direction of the Minister, exercise the powers and perform the duties

conferred and imposed on that officer by or pursuant to this Act.

Duties of Commissioner

(2) The Commissioner shall receive all applications, fees, papers, documents and

models for patents, shall perform and do all acts and things requisite for the granting

and issuing of patents of invention, shall have the charge and custody of the books,

records, papers, models, machines and other things belonging to the Patent Office

and shall have, for the purposes of this Act, all the powers that are or may be given

by the Inquiries Act to a commissioner appointed under Part II of that Act.

Tenure of office and salary

(3) The Commissioner holds office during pleasure and shall be paid such annual

salary as may be determined by the Governor in Council.

Delegation

(4) The Commissioner may, after consultation with the Minister, delegate to any

person he deems qualified any of his powers, duties and functions under this Act,

except the power to delegate under this subsection.

Appeal

(5) Any decision under this Act of a person authorized to make the decision pursuant

to subsection (4) may be appealed in the like manner and subject to the like

conditions as a decision of the Commissioner under this Act.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 4; 1984, c. 40, s. 57.

Assistant Commissioner

5 (1) An Assistant Commissioner of Patents may be appointed in the manner

authorized by law and shall be a technical officer experienced in the administration of

the Patent Office.

Absence or inability to act

(2) When the Commissioner is absent or unable to act, the Assistant Commissioner,

or, if he also is at the same time absent or unable to act, another officer designated

by the Minister, may exercise the powers and shall perform the duties of the

Commissioner.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 5.

Staff

6 There may be appointed in the manner authorized by law such principal

examiners, examiners, associate examiners and assistant examiners, clerks,

stenographers and other assistants as are necessary for the administration of this

Act.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 6.

Officers of Patent Office not to deal in patents, etc.

7 (1) No officer or employee of the Patent Office shall buy, sell, acquire or traffic in

any invention, patent, right to a patent, certificate of supplementary protection or right

to such a certificate, or any interest in any of them, and every purchase, sale,

acquisition or transfer of any of them, or of any interest in any of them, made by or to

such an officer or employee is void or, in Quebec, null.

Restriction

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a sale by an original inventor or to an acquisition

under the last will, or by the intestacy, of a deceased person.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 7; 2017, c. 6, s. 33.

Clerical errors

8 Clerical errors in any instrument of record in the Patent Office do not invalidate the

instrument, but they may be corrected under the authority of the Commissioner.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 8; 1993, c. 15, s. 27.

Electronic or other submission of documents, information or fees

8.1 (1) Subject to the regulations, any document, information or fee that is authorized

or required to be submitted to the Commissioner under this Act may be submitted in

electronic or other form in any manner specified by the Commissioner.

Time of receipt

(2) For the purposes of this Act, any document, information or fee submitted in

accordance with subsection (1) is deemed to be received by the Commissioner at

the time provided by the regulations.

1993, c. 15, s. 27.

Storage of documents or information in electronic or other form

8.2 Subject to the regulations, any document or information received by the

Commissioner under this Act in electronic or other form may be entered or recorded

by any information storage device, including any system of mechanical or electronic

data processing, that is capable of reproducing stored documents or information in

intelligible form within a reasonable time.

1993, c. 15, s. 27.

Destroyed or lost patents

9 If any patent is destroyed or lost, a certified copy may be issued in lieu thereof on

payment of the prescribed fee.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 9.

Inspection by the public

10 (1) Subject to subsections (2) to (6) and section 20, all patents, applications for

patents and documents relating to patents or applications for patents that are in the

possession of the Patent Office shall be open to public inspection at the Patent

Office, under any conditions that may be prescribed.

Confidentiality period

(2) Except with the approval of the applicant, an application for a patent, or a

document relating to the application, shall not be open to public inspection before a

confidentiality period of 18 months has expired.

Beginning of confidentiality period

(3) The confidentiality period begins on the filing date of the application or, where a

request for priority has been made in respect of the application, it begins on the

earliest filing date of any previously regularly filed application on which the request is

based.

Withdrawal of request

(4) Where a request for priority is withdrawn on or before the prescribed date, it shall,

for the purposes of subsection (3) and to the extent that it is withdrawn, be

considered never to have been made.

Withdrawn applications

(5) An application shall not be open to public inspection if it is withdrawn in

accordance with the regulations on or before the prescribed date.

Prescribed date

(6) A prescribed date referred to in subsection (4) or (5) must be no later than the

date on which the confidentiality period expires.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 10; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 2; 1993, c. 15, s. 28; 2018, c. 27, s. 187.

Patents issued out of Canada

11 Notwithstanding the exception in section 10, the Commissioner, on the request of

any person who states in writing the name of the inventor, if available, the title of the

invention and the number and date of a patent said to have been granted in a named

country other than Canada, and who pays or tenders the prescribed fee, shall inform

that person whether an application for a patent of the same invention is or is not

pending in Canada.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 11.

Rules and Regulations

Rules and regulations

12 (1) The Governor in Council may make rules or regulations

(a) respecting the form and contents of applications for patents;

(b) respecting the form of the Register of Patents and of the indexes thereto;

(c) respecting the registration of assignments, transmissions, disclaimers,

judgments or other documents relating to any patent;

(d) respecting the form and contents of any certificate issued pursuant to this Act;

(e) prescribing the fees or the manner of determining the fees that may be

charged in respect of the filing of applications for patents or the taking of other

proceedings under this Act or under any rule or regulation made pursuant to this

Act, or in respect of any services or the use of any facilities provided thereunder

by the Commissioner or any person employed in the Patent Office;

(f) prescribing the fees or the manner of determining the fees that shall be paid to

maintain in effect an application for a patent or to maintain the rights accorded by

a patent;

(g) respecting the payment of any prescribed fees including the time when and

the manner in which such fees shall be paid, the additional fees that may be

charged for the late payment of such fees and the circumstances in which any

fees previously paid may be refunded in whole or in part;

(h) for carrying into effect the terms of any treaty, convention, arrangement or

engagement that subsists between Canada and any other country;

(i) for carrying into effect, notwithstanding anything in this Act, the Patent

Cooperation Treaty done at Washington on June 19, 1970, including any

amendments, modifications and revisions made from time to time to which

Canada is a party;

(j) respecting the entry on, the maintenance of and the removal from the register

of patent agents of the names of persons and firms, including the qualifications

that must be met and the conditions that must be fulfilled by a person or firm

before the name of the person or firm is entered thereon and to maintain the

name of the person or firm on the register;

(j.001) respecting the submission, including in electronic form and by electronic

means, of documents and information to the Commissioner or the Patent Office,

including the time at which they are deemed to be received by the Commissioner

or the Patent Office;

(j.002) respecting communications between the Commissioner and any other

person;

(j.1) respecting the submission of documents, information or fees under section

8.1, including

(i) the documents, information or fees that may be submitted in electronic or

other form under that section,

(ii) the persons or classes of persons by whom they may be submitted, and

(iii) the time at which they are deemed to be received by the Commissioner;

(j.2) respecting the entering or recording of any document or information under

section 8.2;

(j.3) prescribing the manner in which an application for a patent may be

withdrawn and, for the purposes of subsections 10(4) and (5), prescribing the

date, or the manner of determining the date, on or before which a request for

priority or an application for a patent must be withdrawn;

(j.4) respecting requests for priority, including

(i) the period within which priority must be requested,

(ii) the manner in which and period within which the Commissioner must be

informed of the matters referred to in subsection 28.4(2),

(iii) the documentation that must be filed in support of requests for priority,

and

(iv) the withdrawal of requests for priority;

(j.5) respecting the time within which requests for examination must be made and

prescribed fees must be paid under subsection 35(1);

(j.6) respecting the deposit of biological material for the purposes of section 38.1;

(j.7) respecting the manner in which amendments may be made to specifications

or drawings furnished as part of an application for a patent;

(j.8) authorizing the Commissioner to extend, subject to any prescribed terms and

conditions, the time fixed by or under this Act in respect of any business before

the Patent Office for doing anything where the Commissioner is satisfied that the

circumstances justify the extension;

(k) prescribing any other matter that by any provision of this Act is to be

prescribed; and

(l) generally, for carrying into effect the objects and purposes of this Act or for

ensuring the due administration thereof by the Commissioner and other officers

and employees of the Patent Office.

Effect

(2) Any rule or regulation made by the Governor in Council has the same force and

effect as if it had been enacted herein.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 12; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 3; 1993, c. 15, s. 29; 2017, c. 6, s. 34; 2018,

c. 27, s. 250.

Seal

Seal of office

13 (1) The Commissioner shall cause a seal to be made for the purposes of this Act

and may cause to be sealed therewith every patent and other instrument and copy

thereof issuing from the Patent Office.

Seal to be evidence

(2) Every court, judge and person shall take notice of the seal of the Patent Office,

shall admit the impressions thereof in evidence in like manner as the impressions of

the Great Seal are admitted in evidence and shall take notice of and admit in

evidence, without further proof and without production of the originals, all copies or

extracts certified under the seal of the Patent Office to be copies of or extracts from

documents deposited in that Office.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 13.

Proof of Patents

Certified copies of patents as evidence

14 In any action or proceeding respecting a patent authorized to be had or taken in

Canada under this Act, a copy of any patent granted in any other country, or any

official document connected therewith, purporting to be certified under the hand of

the proper officer of the government of the country in which the patent has been

obtained, may be produced before the court or a judge thereof, and the copy of the

patent or document purporting to be so certified may be admitted in evidence without

production of the original and without proof of the signature or official character of the

person appearing to have signed it.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 14.

Patent Agents

Register of patent agents

15 A register of patent agents shall be kept in the Patent Office on which shall be

entered the names of all persons and firms entitled to represent applicants in the

presentation and prosecution of applications for patents or in other business before

the Patent Office.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 15; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 4.

Misconduct

16 For gross misconduct or any other cause that he may deem sufficient, the

Commissioner may refuse to recognize any person as a patent agent or attorney

either generally or in any particular case.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 16.

Privileged communication

16.1 (1) A communication that meets the following conditions is privileged in the

same way as a communication that is subject to solicitor-client privilege or, in civil

law, to professional secrecy of advocates and notaries and no person shall be

required to disclose, or give testimony on, the communication in a civil, criminal or

administrative action or proceeding:

(a) it is between an individual whose name is entered on the register of patent

agents and that individual’s client;

(b) it is intended to be confidential; and

(c) it is made for the purpose of seeking or giving advice with respect to any

matter relating to the protection of an invention.

Waiver

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the client expressly or implicitly waives the

privilege.

Exceptions

(3) Exceptions to solicitor-client privilege or, in civil law, to professional secrecy of

advocates and notaries apply to a communication that meets the conditions set out

in paragraphs (1)(a) to (c).

Patent agents — country other than Canada

(4) A communication between an individual who is authorized to act as a patent

agent under the law of a country other than Canada and that individual’s client that is

privileged under the law of that other country and that would be privileged under

subsection (1) had it been made between an individual whose name is entered on

the register of patent agents and that individual’s client is deemed to be a

communication that meets the conditions set out in paragraphs (1)(a) to (c).

Individual acting on behalf of patent agent or client

(5) For the purposes of this section, an individual whose name is entered on the

register of patent agents or an individual who is authorized to act as a patent agent

under the law of a country other than Canada includes an individual acting on their

behalf and a client includes an individual acting on the client’s behalf.

Application

(6) This section applies to communications that are made before the day on which

this section comes into force if they are still confidential on that day and to

communications that are made after that day. However, this section does not apply

in respect of an action or proceeding commenced before that day.

2015, c. 36, s. 54.

Appeals

Practice on appeals

17 In all cases where an appeal is provided from the decision of the Commissioner to

the Federal Court under this Act, the appeal shall be had and taken pursuant to the

Federal Courts Act and the rules and practice of that Court.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 17; 2002, c. 8, s. 182.

Notice on appeal

18 (1) Whenever an appeal to the Federal Court from the decision of the

Commissioner is permitted under this Act, notice of the decision shall be mailed by

the Commissioner by registered letter addressed to the interested parties or their

respective agents.

Time for taking appeal

(2) The appeal shall be taken within three months after the date of mailing of the

notice, unless otherwise provided by or under this Act.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 18; 1993, c. 15, s. 30.

Use of Patents by Government

Government may apply to use patented invention

19 (1) Subject to section 19.1, the Commissioner may, on application by the

Government of Canada or the government of a province, authorize the use of a

patented invention by that government.

Terms of use

(2) Subject to section 19.1, the use of the patented invention may be authorized for

such purpose, for such period and on such other terms as the Commissioner

considers expedient but the Commissioner shall settle those terms in accordance

with the following principles:

(a) the scope and duration of the use shall be limited to the purpose for which the

use is authorized;

(b) the use authorized shall be non-exclusive; and

(c) any use shall be authorized predominantly to supply the domestic market.

Notice

(3) The Commissioner shall notify the patentee of any use of the patented invention

that is authorized under this section.

Payment of remuneration

(4) Where the use of the patented invention is authorized, the authorized user shall

pay to the patentee such amount as the Commissioner considers to be adequate

remuneration in the circumstances, taking into account the economic value of the

authorization.

Termination of authorization

(5) The Commissioner may, on application by the patentee and after giving all

concerned parties an opportunity to be heard, terminate the authorization if the

Commissioner is satisfied that the circumstances that led to the granting of the

authorization have ceased to exist and are unlikely to recur, subject to such

conditions as the Commissioner deems appropriate to protect the legitimate interests

of the authorized user.

Authorization not transferable

(6) An authorization granted under this section is not transferable.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 19; 1993, c. 44, s. 191.

Conditions for authorizing use

19.1 (1) The Commissioner may not authorize the use of a patented invention under

section 19 unless the applicant establishes that

(a) it has made efforts to obtain from the patentee on reasonable commercial

terms and conditions the authority to use the patented invention; and

(b) its efforts have not been successful within a reasonable period.

Exception

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in cases of national emergency or extreme

urgency or where the use for which the authorization is sought is a public non-

commercial use.

Prescribed uses

(3) The Commissioner may not, under section 19, authorize any use that is a

prescribed use unless the proposed user complies with the prescribed conditions.

Limitation on use of semi-conductor technology

(4) The Commissioner may not, under section 19, authorize any use of semi-

conductor technology other than a public non-commercial use.

1993, c. 44, s. 191; 1994, c. 47, s. 142.

Appeal

19.2 Any decision made by the Commissioner under section 19 or 19.1 is subject to

appeal to the Federal Court.

1993, c. 44, s. 191.

Regulations

19.3 (1) The Governor in Council may make regulations for the purpose of

implementing, in relation to patents, Article 1720 of the Agreement.

Definition of Agreement

(2) In subsection (1), Agreement has the same meaning as in subsection 2(1) of the

North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act.

1993, c. 44, s. 191.

Government Owned Patents

Assignment to Minister of National Defence

20 (1) Any officer, servant or employee of the Crown or of a corporation that is an

agent or servant of the Crown, who, acting within the scope of his duties and

employment, invents any invention in instruments or munitions of war shall, if so

required by the Minister of National Defence, assign to that Minister on behalf of Her

Majesty all the benefits of the invention and of any patent obtained or to be obtained

for the invention.

Idem

(2) Any person other than a person described in subsection (1) who invents an

invention described in that subsection may assign to the Minister of National Defence

on behalf of Her Majesty all the benefits of the invention and of any patent obtained

or to be obtained for the invention.

Inventor entitled to compensation

(3) An inventor described in subsection (2) is entitled to compensation for an

assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this Act and in the event that

the consideration to be paid for the assignment is not agreed on, it is the duty of the

Commissioner to determine the amount of the consideration, which decision is

subject to appeal to the Federal Court.

Proceedings before Federal Court

(4) Proceedings before the Federal Court under subsection (3) shall be held in

camera on request made to the court by any party to the proceedings.

Vesting on assignment

(5) An assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this Act effectually vests

the benefits of the invention and patent in the Minister of National Defence on behalf

of Her Majesty, and all covenants and agreements therein contained for keeping the

invention secret and otherwise are valid and effectual, notwithstanding any want of

valuable consideration, and may be enforced accordingly by the Minister of National

Defence.

Person making assignment and person having knowledge thereof

(6) Any person who has made an assignment to the Minister of National Defence

under this section, in respect of any covenants and agreements contained in such

assignment for keeping the invention secret and otherwise in respect of all matters

relating to that invention, and any other person who has knowledge of such

assignment and of such covenants and agreements, shall be, for the purposes of the

Security of Information Act, deemed to be persons having in their possession or

control information respecting those matters that has been entrusted to them in

confidence by any person holding office under Her Majesty, and the communication

of any of that information by the first mentioned persons to any person other than

one to whom they are authorized to communicate with, by or on behalf of the

Minister of National Defence, is an offence under section 4 of the Security of

Information Act.

Minister may submit application for patent

(7) Where any agreement for an assignment to the Minister of National Defence

under this Act has been made, the Minister of National Defence may submit an

application for patent for the invention to the Commissioner, with the request that it

be examined for patentability, and if the application is found allowable may, before

the grant of any patent thereon, certify to the Commissioner that, in the public

interest, the particulars of the invention and of the manner in which it is to be worked

are to be kept secret.

Secret application

(8) If the Minister of National Defence so certifies, the application and specification,

with the drawing, if any, and any amendment of the application, and any copies of

those documents and the drawing and the patent granted thereon shall be placed in

a packet sealed by the Commissioner under authority of the Minister of National

Defence.

Custody of secret application

(9) The packet described in subsection (8) shall, until the expiration of the term

during which a patent for the invention may be in force, be kept sealed by the

Commissioner, and shall not be opened except under the authority of an order of the

Minister of National Defence.

Delivery of secret application

(10) The packet described in subsection (8) shall be delivered at any time during the

continuance of the patent to any person authorized by the Minister of National

Defence to receive it, and shall, if returned to the Commissioner, be kept sealed by

him.

Delivery to Minister

(11) On the expiration of the term of the patent, the packet described in subsection

(8) shall be delivered to the Minister of National Defence.

Revocation

(12) No proceeding by petition or otherwise lies to have declared invalid or void a

patent granted for an invention in relation to which a certificate has been given by the

Minister of National Defence under subsection (7), except by permission of the

Minister.

Prohibition of publication and inspection

(13) No copy of any specification or other document or drawing in respect of an

invention and patent, by this section required to be placed in a sealed packet, shall in

any manner whatever be published or open to the inspection of the public, but,

except as otherwise provided in this section, this Act shall apply in respect of the

invention and patent.

Waiver by Minister

(14) The Minister of National Defence may at any time waive the benefit of this

section with respect to any particular invention, and the specification, documents and

drawing relating thereto shall thereafter be kept and dealt with in the regular way.

Rights protected

(15) No claim shall be allowed in respect of any infringement of a patent that

occurred in good faith during the time that the patent was kept secret under this

section, and any person who, before the publication of the patent, had in good faith

done any act that, but for this subsection would have given rise to a claim, is entitled,

after the publication, to obtain a licence to manufacture, use and sell the patented

invention on such terms as may, in the absence of agreement between the parties,

be settled by the Commissioner or by the Federal Court on appeal from the

Commissioner.

Communication to Minister

(16) The communication of any invention for any improvement in munitions of war to

the Minister of National Defence, or to any person or persons authorized by the

Minister of National Defence to investigate the invention or the merits thereof, shall

not, nor shall anything done for the purposes of the investigation, be deemed use or

publication of the invention so as to prejudice the grant or validity of any patent for

the invention.

Order to keep non-assigned application secret

(17) The Governor in Council, if satisfied that an invention relating to any instrument

or munition of war, described in any specified application for patent not assigned to

the Minister of National Defence, is vital to the defence of Canada and that the

publication of a patent therefor should be prevented in order to preserve the safety of

the State, may order that the invention and application and all the documents relating

thereto shall be treated for all purposes of this section as if the invention had been

assigned or agreed to be assigned to the Minister of National Defence.

Rules

(18) The Governor in Council may make rules for the purpose of ensuring secrecy

with respect to applications and patents to which this section applies and generally to

give effect to the purpose and intent thereof.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 20; 2001, c. 41, s. 36.

Agreement between Canada and other government

21 Where by any agreement between the Government of Canada and any other

government it is provided that the Government of Canada will apply section 20 to

inventions disclosed in any application for a patent assigned or agreed to be

assigned by the inventor to that other government, and the Commissioner is notified

by any minister of the Crown that the agreement extends to an invention in a

specified application, the application and all the documents relating thereto shall be

dealt with as provided in section 20, except subsections (3) and (4), as if the

invention had been assigned or agreed to be assigned to the Minister of National

Defence.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 21.

Use of Patents for International Humanitarian Purposes to Address Public Health Problems

Purpose

21.01 The purpose of sections 21.02 to 21.2 is to give effect to Canada’s and Jean

Chrétien’s pledge to Africa by facilitating access to pharmaceutical products to

address public health problems afflicting many developing and least-developed

countries, especially those resulting from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other

epidemics.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Definitions

21.02 The definitions in this section apply in this section and in sections 21.03 to

21.19.

authorization means an authorization granted under subsection 21.04(1), and

includes an authorization renewed under subsection 21.12(1). (autorisation)

General Council means the General Council of the WTO established by paragraph

2 of Article IV of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, signed at

Marrakesh on April 15, 1994. (Conseil général)

General Council Decision means the decision of the General Council of August 30,

2003 respecting Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement, including the interpretation of

that decision in the General Council Chairperson’s statement of that date. (décision

du Conseil général)

patented product means a product the making, constructing, using or selling of

which in Canada would infringe a patent in the absence of the consent of the

patentee. (produit breveté)

pharmaceutical product means any patented product listed in Schedule 1 in, if

applicable, the dosage form, the strength and the route of administration specified in

that Schedule in relation to the product. (produit pharmaceutique)

TRIPS Agreement means the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual

Property Rights, being Annex 1C of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade

Organization, signed at Marrakesh on April 15, 1994. (Accord sur les ADPIC)

TRIPS Council means the council referred to in the TRIPS Agreement. (Conseil

des ADPIC)

WTO means the World Trade Organization established by Article I of the Agreement

Establishing the World Trade Organization, signed at Marrakesh on April 15, 1994.

(OMC)

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Amending Schedules

21.03 (1) The Governor in Council may, by order,

(a) on the recommendation of the Minister and the Minister of Health, amend

Schedule 1

(i) by adding the name of any patented product that may be used to address

public health problems afflicting many developing and least-developed

countries, especially those resulting from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and

other epidemics and, if the Governor in Council considers it appropriate to do

so, by adding one or more of the following in respect of the patented product,

namely, a dosage form, a strength and a route of administration, and

(ii) by removing any entry listed in it;

(b) on the recommendation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister for

International Trade and the Minister for International Development, amend

Schedule 2 by adding the name of any country recognized by the United Nations

as being a least-developed country that has,

(i) if it is a WTO Member, provided the TRIPS Council with a notice in writing

stating that the country intends to import, in accordance with the General

Council Decision, pharmaceutical products, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of

that decision, and

(ii) if it is not a WTO Member, provided the Government of Canada with a

notice in writing through diplomatic channels stating that the country intends to

import pharmaceutical products, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of the General

Council Decision, that it agrees that those products will not be used for

commercial purposes and that it undertakes to adopt the measures referred to

in Article 4 of that decision;

(c) on the recommendation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister for

International Trade and the Minister for International Development, amend

Schedule 3 by adding the name of any WTO Member not listed in Schedule 2

that has provided the TRIPS Council with a notice in writing stating that the WTO

Member intends to import, in accordance with the General Council Decision,

pharmaceutical products, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of that decision; and

(d) on the recommendation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister for

International Trade and the Minister for International Development, amend

Schedule 4 by adding the name of

(i) any WTO Member not listed in Schedule 2 or 3 that has provided the

TRIPS Council with a notice in writing stating that the WTO Member intends to

import, in accordance with the General Council Decision, pharmaceutical

products, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of that decision, or

(ii) any country that is not a WTO Member and that is named on the

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s list of countries

that are eligible for official development assistance and that has provided the

Government of Canada with a notice in writing through diplomatic channels

(A) stating that it is faced with a national emergency or other

circumstances of extreme urgency,

(B) specifying the name of the pharmaceutical product, as defined in

paragraph 1(a) of the General Council Decision, and the quantity of that

product, needed by the country to deal with the emergency or other

urgency,

(C) stating that it has no, or insufficient, pharmaceutical capacity to

manufacture that product, and

(D) stating that it agrees that that product will not be used for commercial

purposes and that it undertakes to adopt the measures referred to in

Article 4 of the General Council Decision.

Restriction - Schedule 3

(2) The Governor in Council may not add to Schedule 3 the name of any WTO

Member that has notified the TRIPS Council that it will import, in accordance with the

General Council Decision, pharmaceutical products, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of

that decision, only if faced with a national emergency or other circumstances of

extreme urgency.

Removal from Schedules 2 to 4

(3) The Governor in Council may, by order, on the recommendation of the Minister of

Foreign Affairs, the Minister for International Trade and the Minister for International

Development, amend any of Schedules 2 to 4 to remove the name of any country or

WTO Member if

(a) in the case of a country or WTO Member listed in Schedule 2, the country or

WTO Member has ceased to be recognized by the United Nations as being a

least-developed country or, in the case of a country that is not a WTO Member,

the country has permitted any product imported into that country under an

authorization to be used for commercial purposes or has failed to adopt the

measures referred to in Article 4 of the General Council Decision;

(b) in the case of a WTO Member listed in Schedule 3, the WTO Member has

notified the TRIPS Council that it will import, in accordance with the General

Council Decision, pharmaceutical products, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of that

decision, only if faced with a national emergency or other circumstances of

extreme urgency;

(c) in the case of a WTO Member listed in Schedule 4, the WTO Member has

revoked any notification it has given to the TRIPS Council that it will import

pharmaceutical products, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of the General Council

Decision, only if faced with a national emergency or other circumstances of

extreme urgency;

(d) in the case of a country listed in Schedule 4 that is not a WTO Member,

(i) the name of the country is no longer on the Organization for Economic Co-

operation and Development’s list of countries that are eligible for official

development assistance,

(ii) the country no longer faces a national emergency or other circumstances

of extreme urgency,

(iii) the country has permitted any product imported into that country under an

authorization to be used for commercial purposes, or

(iv) the country has failed to adopt the measures referred to in Article 4 of the

General Council Decision;

(e) in the case of any country or WTO Member listed in Schedule 3 or 4, the

country or WTO Member has become recognized by the United Nations as a

least-developed country; and

(f) in the case of any country or WTO Member listed in any of Schedules 2 to 4,

the country has notified the Government of Canada, or the WTO Member has

notified the TRIPS Council, that it will not import pharmaceutical products, as

defined in paragraph 1(a) of the General Council Decision.

Timeliness of orders

(4) An order under this section shall be made in a timely manner.

2004, c. 23, s. 1; 2013, c. 33, s. 196.

Authorization

21.04 (1) Subject to subsection (3), the Commissioner shall, on the application of any

person and on the payment of the prescribed fee, authorize the person to make,

construct and use a patented invention solely for purposes directly related to the

manufacture of the pharmaceutical product named in the application and to sell it for

export to a country or WTO Member that is listed in any of Schedules 2 to 4 and that

is named in the application.

Contents of application

(2) The application must be in the prescribed form and set out

(a) the name of the pharmaceutical product to be manufactured and sold for

export under the authorization;

(b) prescribed information in respect of the version of the pharmaceutical product

to be manufactured and sold for export under the authorization;

(c) the maximum quantity of the pharmaceutical product to be manufactured and

sold for export under the authorization;

(d) for each patented invention to which the application relates, the name of the

patentee of the invention and the number, as recorded in the Patent Office, of the

patent issued in respect of that invention;

(e) the name of the country or WTO Member to which the pharmaceutical product

is to be exported;

(f) the name of the governmental person or entity, or the person or entity

permitted by the government of the importing country, to which the product is to

be sold, and prescribed information, if any, concerning that person or entity; and

(g) any other information that may be prescribed.

Conditions for granting of authorization

(3) The Commissioner shall authorize the use of the patented invention only if

(a) the applicant has complied with the prescribed requirements, if any;

(b) the Minister of Health has notified the Commissioner that the version of the

pharmaceutical product that is named in the application meets the requirements

of the Food and Drugs Act and its regulations, including the requirements under

those regulations relating to the marking, embossing, labelling and packaging that

identify that version of the product as having been manufactured

(i) in Canada as permitted by the General Council Decision, and

(ii) in a manner that distinguishes it from the version of the pharmaceutical

product sold in Canada by, or with the consent of, the patentee or patentees,

as the case may be;

(c) the applicant provides the Commissioner with a solemn or statutory

declaration in the prescribed form stating that the applicant had, at least thirty

days before filing the application,

(i) sought from the patentee or, if there is more than one, from each of the

patentees, by certified or registered mail, a licence to manufacture and sell the

pharmaceutical product for export to the country or WTO Member named in

the application on reasonable terms and conditions and that such efforts have

not been successful, and

(ii) provided the patentee, or each of the patentees, as the case may be, by

certified or registered mail, in the written request for a licence, with the

information that is in all material respects identical to the information referred

to in paragraphs (2)(a) to (g); and

(d) the applicant also provides the Commissioner with

(i) if the application relates to a WTO Member listed in Schedule 2, a certified

copy of the notice in writing that the WTO Member has provided to the TRIPS

Council specifying the name of the pharmaceutical product, as defined in

paragraph 1(a) of the General Council Decision, and the quantity of that

product, needed by the WTO Member, and

(A) a solemn or statutory declaration in the prescribed form by the person

filing the application stating that the product to which the application

relates is the product specified in the notice and that the product is not

patented in that WTO Member, or

(B) a solemn or statutory declaration in the prescribed form by the person

filing the application stating that the product to which the application

relates is the product specified in the notice and a certified copy of the

notice in writing that the WTO Member has provided to the TRIPS Council

confirming that the WTO Member has, in accordance with Article 31 of the

TRIPS Agreement and the provisions of the General Council Decision,

granted or intends to grant a compulsory licence to use the invention

pertaining to the product,

(ii) if the application relates to a country listed in Schedule 2 that is not a WTO

Member, a certified copy of the notice in writing that the country has provided

to the Government of Canada through diplomatic channels specifying the

name of the pharmaceutical product, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of the

General Council Decision, and the quantity of that product, needed by the

country, and

(A) a solemn or statutory declaration in the prescribed form by the person

filing the application stating that the product to which the application

relates is the product specified in the notice and that the product is not

patented in that country, or

(B) a solemn or statutory declaration in the prescribed form by the person

filing the application stating that the product to which the application

relates is the product specified in the notice and a certified copy of the

notice in writing that the country has provided to the Government of

Canada through diplomatic channels confirming that the country has

granted or intends to grant a compulsory licence to use the invention

pertaining to the product,

(iii) if the application relates to a WTO Member listed in Schedule 3, a certified

copy of the notice in writing that the WTO Member has provided to the TRIPS

Council specifying the name of the pharmaceutical product, as defined in

paragraph 1(a) of the General Council Decision, and the quantity of that

product, needed by the WTO Member, and stating that the WTO Member has

insufficient or no pharmaceutical manufacturing capacity for the production of

the product to which the application relates, and

(A) a solemn or statutory declaration in the prescribed form by the person

filing the application stating that the product to which the application

relates is not patented in that WTO Member, or

(B) a certified copy of the notice in writing that the WTO Member has

provided to the TRIPS Council confirming that the WTO Member has, in

accordance with Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement and the provisions of

the General Council Decision, granted or intends to grant a compulsory

licence to use the invention pertaining to the product,

(iv) if the application relates to a WTO Member listed in Schedule 4, a certified

copy of the notice in writing that the WTO Member has provided to the TRIPS

Council specifying the name of the pharmaceutical product, as defined in

paragraph 1(a) of the General Council Decision, and the quantity of that

product, needed by the WTO Member, and stating that the WTO Member is

faced with a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency

and that it has insufficient or no pharmaceutical manufacturing capacity for the

production of the product to which the application relates, and

(A) a solemn or statutory declaration in the prescribed form by the person

filing the application stating that the product to which the application

relates is not patented in that WTO Member, or

(B) a certified copy of the notice in writing that the WTO Member has

provided to the TRIPS Council confirming that the WTO Member has, in

accordance with Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement and the provisions of

the General Council Decision, granted or intends to grant a compulsory

licence to use the invention pertaining to the product, or

(v) if the application relates to a country listed in Schedule 4 that is not a WTO

Member, a certified copy of the notice in writing that the country has provided

to the Government of Canada through diplomatic channels specifying the

name of the pharmaceutical product, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of the

General Council Decision, and the quantity of that product, needed by the

country, and stating that it is faced with a national emergency or other

circumstances of extreme urgency, that it has insufficient or no

pharmaceutical manufacturing capacity for the production of the product to

which the application relates, that it agrees that product will not be used for

commercial purposes and that it undertakes to adopt the measures referred to

in Article 4 of the General Council Decision, and

(A) a solemn or statutory declaration in the prescribed form by the person

filing the application stating that the product to which the application

relates is not patented in that country, or

(B) a certified copy of the notice in writing that the country has provided to

the Government of Canada through diplomatic channels confirming that

the country has granted or intends to grant a compulsory licence to use the

invention pertaining to the product.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Form and content of authorization

21.05 (1) The authorization must be in the prescribed form and, subject to subsection

(2), contain the prescribed information.

Quantity

(2) The quantity of the product authorized to be manufactured by an authorization

may not be more than the lesser of

(a) the maximum quantity set out in the application for the authorization, and

(b) the quantity set out in the notice referred to in any of subparagraphs 21.04(3)

(d)(i) to (v), whichever is applicable.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Disclosure of information on website

21.06 (1) Before exporting a product manufactured under an authorization, the

holder of the authorization must establish a website on which is disclosed the

prescribed information respecting the name of the product, the name of the country

or WTO Member to which it is to be exported, the quantity that is authorized to be

manufactured and sold for export and the distinguishing features of the product, and

of its label and packaging, as required by regulations made under the Food and

Drugs Act, as well as information identifying every known party that will be handling

the product while it is in transit from Canada to the country or WTO Member to which

it is to be exported.

Obligation to maintain

(2) The holder must maintain the website during the entire period during which the

authorization is valid.

Links to other websites

(3) The Commissioner shall post and maintain on the website of the Canadian

Intellectual Property Office a link to each website required to be maintained by the

holder of an authorization under subsection (1).

Posting on the website

(4) The Commissioner shall, within seven days of receipt, post on the website of the

Canadian Intellectual Property Office each application for authorization filed under

subsection 21.04(1).

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Export notice

21.07 Before each shipment of any quantity of a product manufactured under an

authorization, the holder of the authorization must, within fifteen days before the

product is exported, provide to each of the following a notice, by certified or

registered mail, specifying the quantity to be exported, as well as every known party

that will be handling the product while it is in transit from Canada to the country or

WTO Member to which it is to be exported:

(a) the patentee or each of the patentees, as the case may be;

(b) the country or WTO Member named in the authorization; and

(c) the person or entity that purchased the product to which the authorization

relates.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Royalty

21.08 (1) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), on the occurrence of a prescribed

event, the holder of an authorization is required to pay to the patentee or each

patentee, as the case may be, a royalty determined in the prescribed manner.

Factors to consider when making regulations

(2) In making regulations for the purposes of subsection (1), the Governor in Council

must consider the humanitarian and non-commercial reasons underlying the

issuance of authorizations under subsection 21.04(1).

Time for payment

(3) The royalties payable under this section must be paid within the prescribed time.

Federal Court may determine royalty

(4) The Federal Court may, in relation to any authorization, make an order providing

for the payment of a royalty that is greater than the royalty that would otherwise be

required to be paid under subsection (1).

Application and notice

(5) An order may be made only on the application of the patentee, or one of the

patentees, as the case may be, and on notice of the application being given by the

applicant to the holder of the authorization.

Contents of order

(6) An order may provide for a royalty of a fixed amount or for a royalty to be

determined as specified in the order, and the order may be subject to any terms that

the Federal Court considers appropriate.

Conditions for making of order

(7) The Federal Court may make an order only if it is satisfied that the royalty

otherwise required to be paid is not adequate remuneration for the use of the

invention or inventions to which the authorization relates, taking into account

(a) the humanitarian and non-commercial reasons underlying the issuance of the

authorization; and

(b) the economic value of the use of the invention or inventions to the country or

WTO Member.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Duration

21.09 An authorization granted under subsection 21.04(1) is valid for a period of two

years beginning on the day on which the authorization is granted.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Use is non-exclusive

21.1 The use of a patented invention under an authorization is non-exclusive.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Authorization is non-transferable

21.11 An authorization is non-transferable, other than where the authorization is an

asset of a corporation or enterprise and the part of the corporation or enterprise that

enjoys the use of the authorization is sold, assigned or otherwise transferred.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Renewal

21.12 (1) The Commissioner shall, on the application of the person to whom an

authorization was granted and on the payment of the prescribed fee, renew the

authorization if the person certifies under oath in the renewal application that the

quantities of the pharmaceutical product authorized to be exported were not exported

before the authorization ceases to be valid and that the person has complied with the

terms of the authorization and the requirements of sections 21.06 to 21.08.

One renewal

(2) An authorization may be renewed only once.

When application must be made

(3) The application for renewal must be made within the 30 days immediately before

the authorization ceases to be valid.

Duration

(4) An authorization that is renewed is valid for a period of two years beginning on

the day immediately following the day of the expiry of the period referred to in section

21.09 in respect of the authorization.

Prescribed form

(5) Applications for renewal and renewed authorizations issued under subsection (1)

must be in the prescribed form.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Termination

21.13 Subject to section 21.14, an authorization ceases to be valid on the earliest of

(a) the expiry of the period referred to in section 21.09 in respect of the

authorization, or the expiry of the period referred to in subsection 21.12(4) if the

authorization has been renewed, as the case may be,

(b) the day on which the Commissioner sends, by registered mail, to the holder of

the authorization a copy of a notice sent by the Minister of Health notifying the

Commissioner that the Minister of Health is of the opinion that the pharmaceutical

product referred to in paragraph 21. 04(3)(b) has ceased to meet the

requirements of the Food and Drugs Act and its regulations,

(c) the day on which the last of the pharmaceutical product authorized by the

authorization to be exported is actually exported,

(d) thirty days after the day on which

(i) the name of the pharmaceutical product authorized to be exported by the

authorization is removed from Schedule 1, or

(ii) the name of the country or WTO Member to which the pharmaceutical

product was, or is to be, exported is removed from Schedule 2, 3 or 4, as the

case may be, and not added to any other of those Schedules, and

(e) on any other day that is prescribed.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Termination by Federal Court

21.14 On the application of a patentee, and on notice given by the patentee to the

person to whom an authorization was granted, the Federal Court may make an

order, on any terms that it considers appropriate, terminating the authorization if the

patentee establishes that

(a) the application for the authorization or any of the documents provided to the

Commissioner in relation to the application contained any material information

that is inaccurate;

(b) the holder of the authorization has failed to establish a website as required by

section 21.06, has failed to disclose on that website the information required to be

disclosed by that section or has failed to maintain the website as required by that

section;

(c) the holder of the authorization has failed to provide a notice required to be

given under section 21.07;

(d) the holder of the authorization has failed to pay, within the required time, any

royalty required to be paid as a result of the authorization;

(e) the holder of the authorization has failed to comply with subsection 21.16(2);

(f) the product exported to the country or WTO Member, as the case may be,

under the authorization has been, with the knowledge of the holder of the

authorization, re-exported in a manner that is contrary to the General Council

Decision;

(g) the product was exported, other than in the normal course of transit, to a

country or WTO Member other than the country or WTO Member named in the

authorization;

(h) the product was exported in a quantity greater than the quantity authorized to

be manufactured; or

(i) if the product was exported to a country that is not a WTO Member, the

country has permitted the product to be used for commercial purposes or has

failed to adopt the measures referred to in Article 4 of the General Council

Decision.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Notice to patentee

21.15 The Commissioner shall, without delay, notify the patentee, or each of the

patentees, as the case may be, in writing of any authorization granted in respect of

the patentee’s invention.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Obligation to provide copy of agreement

21.16 (1) Within fifteen days after the later of the day on which the authorization was

granted and the day on which the agreement for the sale of the product to which the

authorization relates was entered into, the holder of an authorization must provide by

certified or registered mail, the Commissioner and the patentee, or each patentee, as

the case may be, with

(a) a copy of the agreement it has reached with the person or entity referred to in

paragraph 21.04(2)(f) for the supply of the product authorized to be manufactured

and sold, which agreement must incorporate information that is in all material

respects identical to the information referred to in paragraphs 21.04(2)(a), (b), (e)

and (f); and

(b) a solemn or statutory declaration in the prescribed form setting out

(i) the total monetary value of the agreement as it relates to the product

authorized to be manufactured and sold, expressed in Canadian currency,

and

(ii) the number of units of the product to be sold under the terms of the

agreement.

Prohibition

(2) The holder of an authorization may not export any product to which the

authorization relates until after the holder has complied with subsection (1).

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Application when agreement is commercial in nature

21.17 (1) If the average price of the product to be manufactured under an

authorization is equal to or greater than 25 per cent of the average price in Canada

of the equivalent product sold by or with the consent of the patentee, the patentee

may, on notice given by the patentee to the person to whom an authorization was

granted, apply to the Federal Court for an order under subsection (3) on the grounds

that the essence of the agreement under which the product is to be sold is

commercial in nature.

Factors for determining whether agreement is commercial in nature

(2) In determining whether the agreement is commercial in nature, the Federal Court

must take into account

(a) the need for the holder of the authorization to make a reasonable return

sufficient to sustain a continued participation in humanitarian initiatives;

(b) the ordinary levels of profitability, in Canada, of commercial agreements

involving pharmaceutical products, as defined in paragraph 1(a) of the General

Council Decision; and

(c) international trends in prices as reported by the United Nations for the supply

of such products for humanitarian purposes.

Order

(3) If the Federal Court determines that the agreement is commercial in nature, it

may make an order, on any terms that it considers appropriate,

(a) terminating the authorization; or

(b) requiring the holder to pay, in addition to the royalty otherwise required to be

paid, an amount that the Federal Court considers adequate to compensate the

patentee for the commercial use of the patent.

Additional order

(4) If the Federal Court makes an order terminating the authorization, the Federal

Court may also, if it considers it appropriate to do so, make an order, on any terms

that it considers appropriate,

(a) requiring the holder to deliver to the patentee any of the product to which the

authorization relates remaining in the holder’s possession as though the holder

had been determined to have been infringing a patent; or

(b) with the consent of the patentee, requiring the holder to export any of the

product to which the authorization relates remaining in the holder’s possession to

the country or WTO Member named in the authorization.

Restriction

(5) The Federal Court may not make an order under subsection (3) if, under the

protection of a confidentiality order made by the Court, the holder of the authorization

submits to a Court-supervised audit and that audit establishes that the average price

of the product manufactured under the authorization does not exceed an amount

equal to the direct supply cost of the product plus 15 per cent of that direct supply

cost.

Definitions

(6) The following definitions apply in this section.

average price means

(a) in relation to a product to be manufactured under an authorization, the total

monetary value of the agreement under which the product is to be sold,

expressed in Canadian currency, divided by the number of units of the product to

be sold under the terms of the agreement; and

(b) in relation to an equivalent product sold by or with the consent of the

patentee, the average of the prices in Canada of that product as those prices are

reported in prescribed publications on the day on which the application for the

authorization was filed. (prix moyen)

direct supply cost, in relation to a product to be manufactured under an

authorization, means the cost of the materials and of the labour, and any other

manufacturing costs, directly related to the production of the quantity of the product

that is to be manufactured under the authorization. (coût direct de fourniture)

unit, in relation to any product, means a single tablet, capsule or other individual

dosage form of the product, and if applicable, in a particular strength. (unité)

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Advisory committee

21.18 (1) The Minister and the Minister of Health shall establish, within three years

after the day this section comes into force, an advisory committee to advise them on

the recommendations that they may make to the Governor in Council respecting the

amendment of Schedule 1.

Standing committee

(2) The standing committee of each House of Parliament that normally considers

matters related to industry shall assess all candidates for appointment to the

advisory committee and make recommendations to the Minister and the Minister of

Health on the eligibility and qualifications of those candidates.

2004, c. 23, s. 1; 2005, c. 18, s. 1.

Website for notices to Canada

21.19 The person designated by the Governor in Council for the purpose of this

section must maintain a website on which is set out a copy of every notice referred to

in subparagraphs 21.04(3)(d)(ii) and (v) that is provided to the Government of

Canada through diplomatic channels by a country that is not a WTO Member. The

copy must be added to the website as soon as possible after the notice has been

provided to the Government of Canada.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Review

21.2 (1) A review of sections 21.01 to 21.19 and their application must be completed

by the Minister two years after this section comes into force.

Tabling of report

(2) The Minister must cause a report of the results of the review to be laid before

each House of Parliament on any of the first fifteen days on which that House is

sitting after the report has been completed.

2004, c. 23, s. 1.

Patents Relating to Nuclear Energy

Communication to Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission

22 Any application for a patent for an invention that, in the opinion of the

Commissioner, relates to the production, application or use of nuclear energy shall,

before it is dealt with by an examiner appointed pursuant to section 6 or is open to

inspection by the public under section 10, be communicated by the Commissioner to

the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 22; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 5; 1997, c. 9, s. 111.

General

Patented invention in vessels, aircraft, etc., of any country

23 No patent shall extend to prevent the use of any invention in any ship, vessel,

aircraft or land vehicle of any country entering Canada temporarily or accidentally, if

the invention is employed exclusively for the needs of the ship, vessel, aircraft or

land vehicle, and not so used for the manufacture of any goods to be sold within or

exported from Canada.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 23.

24 [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 6]

Cost of proceedings before the court

25 In all proceedings before any court under this Act, the costs of the Commissioner

are in the discretion of the court, but the Commissioner shall not be ordered to pay

the costs of any other of the parties.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 25.

Annual report

26 The Commissioner shall, in each year, cause to be prepared and laid before each

House of Parliament a report of the Commissioner’s activities under this Act.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 26; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 7; 2017, c. 6, s. 35.

Publication of list of patents

26.1 (1) The Commissioner shall, at least once in each year, publish a list of all

patents issued in the year.

Publication and printing of documents

(2) The Commissioner may publish any document open to the inspection of the

public under section 10 and may print or cause to be printed, for distribution or sale,

any such document.

R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 7.

Application for Patents

Commissioner may grant patents

27 (1) The Commissioner shall grant a patent for an invention to the inventor or the

inventor’s legal representative if an application for the patent in Canada is filed in

accordance with this Act and all other requirements for the issuance of a patent

under this Act are met.

Application requirements

(2) The prescribed application fee must be paid and the application must be filed in

accordance with the regulations by the inventor or the inventor’s legal representative

and the application must contain a petition and a specification of the invention.

Specification

(3) The specification of an invention must

(a) correctly and fully describe the invention and its operation or use as

contemplated by the inventor;

(b) set out clearly the various steps in a process, or the method of constructing,

making, compounding or using a machine, manufacture or composition of matter,

in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the

art or science to which it pertains, or with which it is most closely connected, to

make, construct, compound or use it;

(c) in the case of a machine, explain the principle of the machine and the best

mode in which the inventor has contemplated the application of that principle; and

(d) in the case of a process, explain the necessary sequence, if any, of the

various steps, so as to distinguish the invention from other inventions.

Claims

(4) The specification must end with a claim or claims defining distinctly and in explicit

terms the subject-matter of the invention for which an exclusive privilege or property

is claimed.

Separate claims

(5) For greater certainty, if a claim defines the subject-matter of an invention in the

alternative, each alternative is a separate claim for the purposes of sections 2, 28.1

to 28.3, 56 and 78.3.

When application to be completed

(6) Where an application does not completely meet the requirements of subsection

(2) on its filing date, the Commissioner shall, by notice to the applicant, require the

application to be completed on or before the date specified in the notice.

Specified period

(7) The specified date must be at least three months after the date of the notice and

at least twelve months after the filing date of the application.

What may not be patented

(8) No patent shall be granted for any mere scientific principle or abstract theorem.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 27; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 8; 1993, c. 15, s. 31, c. 44, s. 192; 2018, c.

27, s. 188.

Maintenance fees

27.1 (1) An applicant for a patent shall, to maintain the application in effect, pay to

the Commissioner such fees, in respect of such periods, as may be prescribed.

(2) and (3) [Repealed, 1993, c. 15, s. 32]

R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 9; 1993, c. 15, s. 32.

Filing date

28 (1) The filing date of an application for a patent in Canada is the date on which

the Commissioner receives the documents, information and fees prescribed for the

purposes of this section or, if they are received on different dates, the last date.

Deemed date of receipt of fees

(2) The Commissioner may, for the purposes of this section, deem prescribed fees to

have been received on a date earlier than the date of their receipt if the

Commissioner considers it just to do so.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 28; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 10; 1993, c. 15, s. 33.

Claim date

28.1 (1) The date of a claim in an application for a patent in Canada (the “pending

application”) is the filing date of the application, unless

(a) the pending application is filed by

(i) a person who has, or whose agent, legal representative or predecessor in

title has, previously regularly filed in or for Canada an application for a patent

disclosing the subject-matter defined by the claim, or

(ii) a person who is entitled to protection under the terms of any treaty or

convention relating to patents to which Canada is a party and who has, or

whose agent, legal representative or predecessor in title has, previously

regularly filed in or for any other country that by treaty, convention or law

affords similar protection to citizens of Canada an application for a patent

disclosing the subject-matter defined by the claim;

(b) the filing date of the pending application is within twelve months after the filing

date of the previously regularly filed application; and

(c) the applicant has made a request for priority on the basis of the previously

regularly filed application.

Claims based on previously regularly filed applications

(2) In the circumstances described in paragraphs (1)(a) to (c), the claim date is the

filing date of the previously regularly filed application.

1993, c. 15, s. 33.

Subject-matter of claim must not be previously disclosed

28.2 (1) The subject-matter defined by a claim in an application for a patent in

Canada (the “pending application”) must not have been disclosed

(a) more than one year before the filing date by the applicant, or by a person who

obtained knowledge, directly or indirectly, from the applicant, in such a manner

that the subject-matter became available to the public in Canada or elsewhere;

(b) before the claim date by a person not mentioned in paragraph (a) in such a

manner that the subject-matter became available to the public in Canada or

elsewhere;

(c) in an application for a patent that is filed in Canada by a person other than the

applicant, and has a filing date that is before the claim date; or

(d) in an application (the “co-pending application”) for a patent that is filed in

Canada by a person other than the applicant and has a filing date that is on or

after the claim date if

(i) the co-pending application is filed by

(A) a person who has, or whose agent, legal representative or

predecessor in title has, previously regularly filed in or for Canada an

application for a patent disclosing the subject-matter defined by the claim,

or

(B) a person who is entitled to protection under the terms of any treaty or

convention relating to patents to which Canada is a party and who has, or

whose agent, legal representative or predecessor in title has, previously

regularly filed in or for any other country that by treaty, convention or law

affords similar protection to citizens of Canada an application for a patent

disclosing the subject-matter defined by the claim,

(ii) the filing date of the previously regularly filed application is before the

claim date of the pending application,

(iii) the filing date of the co-pending application is within twelve months after

the filing date of the previously regularly filed application, and

(iv) the applicant has, in respect of the co-pending application, made a

request for priority on the basis of the previously regularly filed application.

Withdrawal of application

(2) An application mentioned in paragraph (1)(c) or a co-pending application

mentioned in paragraph (1)(d) that is withdrawn before it is open to public inspection

shall, for the purposes of this section, be considered never to have been filed.

1993, c. 15, s. 33.

Invention must not be obvious

28.3 The subject-matter defined by a claim in an application for a patent in Canada

must be subject-matter that would not have been obvious on the claim date to a

person skilled in the art or science to which it pertains, having regard to

(a) information disclosed more than one year before the filing date by the

applicant, or by a person who obtained knowledge, directly or indirectly, from the

applicant in such a manner that the information became available to the public in

Canada or elsewhere; and

(b) information disclosed before the claim date by a person not mentioned in

paragraph (a) in such a manner that the information became available to the

public in Canada or elsewhere.

1993, c. 15, s. 33.

Request for priority

28.4 (1) For the purposes of sections 28.1, 28.2 and 78.3, an applicant for a patent in

Canada may request priority in respect of the application on the basis of one or more

previously regularly filed applications.

Requirements governing request

(2) The request for priority must be made in accordance with the regulations and the

applicant must inform the Commissioner of the filing date, country or office of filing

and number of each previously regularly filed application on which the request is

based.

Withdrawal of request

(3) An applicant may, in accordance with the regulations, withdraw a request for

priority, either entirely or with respect to one or more previously regularly filed

applications.

Multiple previously regularly filed applications

(4) Where two or more applications have been previously regularly filed as described

in paragraph 28.1(1)(a), subparagraph 28.2(1)(d)(i) or paragraph 78.3(1)(a) or (2)(a),

either in the same country or in different countries,

(a) paragraph 28.1(1)(b), subparagraph 28.2(1)(d)(iii) or paragraph 78.3(1)(b) or

(2)(b), as the case may be, shall be applied using the earliest filing date of the

previously regularly filed applications; and

(b) subsection 28.1(2), subparagraph 28.2(1)(d)(ii) or paragraph 78.3(1)(d) or (2)

(d), as the case may be, shall be applied using the earliest filing date of the

previously regularly filed applications on the basis of which a request for priority is

made.

Withdrawal, etc., of previously regularly filed applications

(5) A previously regularly filed application mentioned in section 28.1 or 28.2 or

subsection 78.3(1) or (2) shall, for the purposes of that section or subsection, be

considered never to have been filed if

(a) it was filed more than twelve months before the filing date of

(i) the pending application, in the case of section 28.1,

(ii) the co-pending application, in the case of section 28.2,

(iii) the later application, in the case of subsection 78.3(1), or

(iv) the earlier application, in the case of subsection 78.3(2);

(b) before the filing date referred to in paragraph (a), another application

(i) is filed by the person who filed the previously regularly filed application or

by the agent, legal representative or predecessor in title of that person,

(ii) is filed in or for the country where the previously regularly filed application

was filed, and

(iii) discloses the subject-matter defined by the claim in the application

mentioned in paragraph (a); and

(c) on the filing date of the other application mentioned in paragraph (b) or, if

there is more than one such application, on the earliest of their filing dates, the

previously regularly filed application

(i) has been withdrawn, abandoned or refused without having been opened to

public inspection and without leaving any rights outstanding, and

(ii) has not served as a basis for a request for priority in any country, including

Canada.

1993, c. 15, s. 33; 2001, c. 34, s. 63.

29 [Repealed, 2017, c. 6, s. 36]

30 [Repealed, 1993, c. 15, s. 35]

Joint Applications

Effect of refusal of a joint inventor to proceed

31 (1) Where an invention is made by two or more inventors and one of them refuses

to make application for a patent or his whereabouts cannot be ascertained after

diligent inquiry, the other inventors or their legal representatives may make

application, and a patent may be granted in the name of the inventors who make the

application, on satisfying the Commissioner that the joint inventor has refused to

make application or that his whereabouts cannot be ascertained after diligent inquiry.

Powers of Commissioner

(2) In any case where

(a) an applicant has agreed in writing to assign a patent, when granted, to

another person or to a joint applicant and refuses to proceed with the application,

or

(b) disputes arise between joint applicants with respect to proceeding with an

application,

the Commissioner, on proof of the agreement to his satisfaction, or if satisfied that

one or more of the joint applicants ought to be allowed to proceed alone, may allow

that other person or joint applicant to proceed with the application, and may grant a

patent to him in such manner that all persons interested are entitled to be heard

before the Commissioner after such notice as he may deem requisite and sufficient.

Procedure when one joint applicant retires

(3) Where an application is filed by joint applicants and it subsequently appears that

one or more of them has had no part in the invention, the prosecution of the

application may be carried on by the remaining applicant or applicants on satisfying

the Commissioner by affidavit that the remaining applicant or applicants is or are the

sole inventor or inventors.

Joining applicants

(4) Where an application is filed by one or more applicants and it subsequently

appears that one or more further applicants should have been joined, the further

applicant or applicants may be joined on satisfying the Commissioner that he or they

should be so joined, and that the omission of the further applicant or applicants had

been by inadvertence or mistake and was not for the purpose of delay.

To whom granted

(5) Subject to this section, in cases of joint applications, the patent shall be granted

in the names of all the applicants.

Appeal

(6) An appeal lies to the Federal Court from the decision of the Commissioner under

this section.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 33; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.

Improvements

Improvements

32 Any person who has invented any improvement on any patented invention may

obtain a patent for the improvement, but he does not thereby obtain the right of

making, vending or using the original invention, nor does the patent for the original

invention confer the right of making, vending or using the patented improvement.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 34.

33 and 34 [Repealed, 1993, c. 15, s. 36]

Filing of Prior Art

Filing

34.1 (1) Any person may file with the Commissioner prior art, consisting of patents,

applications for patents open to public inspection and printed publications, that the

person believes has a bearing on the patentability of any claim in an application for a

patent.

Pertinency

(2) A person who files prior art with the Commissioner under subsection (1) shall

explain the pertinency of the prior art.

R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 11; 1993, c. 15, s. 37.

Examination

Request for examination

35 (1) The Commissioner shall, on the request of any person made in such manner

as may be prescribed and on payment of a prescribed fee, cause an application for a

patent to be examined by competent examiners to be employed in the Patent Office

for that purpose.

Required examination

(2) The Commissioner may by notice require an applicant for a patent to make a

request for examination pursuant to subsection (1) or to pay the prescribed fee within

the time specified in the notice, but the specified time may not exceed the time

provided by the regulations for making the request and paying the fee.

(3) and (4) [Repealed, 1993, c. 15, s. 38]

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 35; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 12; 1993, c. 15, s. 38.

Divisional Applications

Patent for one invention only

36 (1) A patent shall be granted for one invention only but in an action or other

proceeding a patent shall not be deemed to be invalid by reason only that it has been

granted for more than one invention.

Limitation of claims by applicant

(2) Where an application (the “original application”) describes more than one

invention, the applicant may limit the claims to one invention only, and any other

invention disclosed may be made the subject of a divisional application, if the

divisional application is filed before the issue of a patent on the original application.

Limitation of claims on direction of Commissioner

(2.1) Where an application (the “original application”) describes and claims more

than one invention, the applicant shall, on the direction of the Commissioner, limit the

claims to one invention only, and any other invention disclosed may be made the

subject of a divisional application, if the divisional application is filed before the issue

of a patent on the original application.

Original application abandoned

(3) If an original application mentioned in subsection (2) or (2.1) becomes

abandoned, the time for filing a divisional application terminates with the expiration of

the time for reinstating the original application under this Act.

Separate applications

(4) A divisional application shall be deemed to be a separate and distinct application

under this Act, to which its provisions apply as fully as may be, and separate fees

shall be paid on the divisional application and it shall have the same filing date as the

original application.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 36; 1993, c. 15, s. 39.

Drawings, Models and Biological Materials

Drawings

37 (1) In the case of a machine, or in any other case in which an invention admits of

illustration by means of drawings, the applicant shall, as part of the application,

furnish drawings of the invention that clearly show all parts of the invention.

Particulars

(2) Each drawing must include references corresponding with the specification, and

the Commissioner may require further drawings or dispense with any of them as the

Commissioner sees fit.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 37; 1993, c. 15, s. 40.

Models and specimens

38 (1) In all cases in which an invention admits of representation by model, the

applicant, if required by the Commissioner, shall furnish a model of convenient size

exhibiting its several parts in due proportion, and when an invention is a composition

of matter, the applicant, if required by the Commissioner, shall furnish specimens of

the ingredients, and of the composition, sufficient in quantity for the purpose of

experiment.

Dangerous substances

(2) If the ingredients or composition referred to in subsection (1) are of an explosive

or dangerous character, they shall be furnished with such precautions as are

specified in the requisition therefor.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 38; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 13.

Biological material may be deposited

38.1 (1) Where a specification refers to a deposit of biological material and the

deposit is in accordance with the regulations, the deposit shall be considered part of

the specification and, to the extent that subsection 27(3) cannot otherwise

reasonably be complied with, the deposit shall be taken into consideration in

determining whether the specification complies with that subsection.

Deposit not required

(2) For greater certainty, a reference to a deposit of biological material in a

specification does not create a presumption that the deposit is required for the

purpose of complying with subsection 27(3).

1993, c. 15, s. 41.

Amendments to Specifications and Drawings

Amendments to specifications and drawings

38.2 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and the regulations, the specification and

any drawings furnished as part of an application for a patent in Canada may be

amended before the patent is issued.

Restriction on amendments to specifications

(2) The specification may not be amended to describe matter not reasonably to be

inferred from the specification or drawings as originally filed, except in so far as it is

admitted in the specification that the matter is prior art with respect to the application.

Restriction on amendments to drawings

(3) Drawings may not be amended to add matter not reasonably to be inferred from

the specification or drawings as originally filed, except in so far as it is admitted in the

specification that the matter is prior art with respect to the application.

1993, c. 15, s. 41.

39 to 39.26 [Repealed, 1993, c. 2, s. 3]

Refusal of Patents

Refusal by Commissioner

40 Whenever the Commissioner is satisfied that an applicant is not by law entitled to

be granted a patent, he shall refuse the application and, by registered letter

addressed to the applicant or his registered agent, notify the applicant of the refusal

and of the ground or reason therefor.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 42.

Appeal to Federal Court

41 Every person who has failed to obtain a patent by reason of a refusal of the

Commissioner to grant it may, at any time within six months after notice as provided

for in section 40 has been mailed, appeal from the decision of the Commissioner to

the Federal Court and that Court has exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine the

appeal.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 41; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16.

Grant of Patents

Contents of patent

42 Every patent granted under this Act shall contain the title or name of the

invention, with a reference to the specification, and shall, subject to this Act, grant to

the patentee and the patentee’s legal representatives for the term of the patent, from

the granting of the patent, the exclusive right, privilege and liberty of making,

constructing and using the invention and selling it to others to be used, subject to

adjudication in respect thereof before any court of competent jurisdiction.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 42; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16.

Form and Term of Patents

Form and duration of patents

43 (1) Subject to section 46, every patent granted under this Act shall be issued

under the seal of the Patent Office, and shall bear on its face the filing date of the

application for the patent, the date on which the application became open to public

inspection under section 10, the date on which the patent is granted and issued and

any prescribed information.

Validity of patent

(2) After the patent is issued, it shall, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary,

be valid and avail the patentee and the legal representatives of the patentee for the

term mentioned in section 44 or 45, whichever is applicable.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 43; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16; 1993, c. 15, s. 42.

Term of patents based on applications filed on or after October 1, 1989

44 Subject to section 46, where an application for a patent is filed under this Act on

or after October 1, 1989, the term limited for the duration of the patent is twenty

years from the filing date.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 44; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16; 1993, c. 15, s. 42.

Term of patents based on applications filed before October 1, 1989

45 (1) Subject to section 46, where an application for a patent is filed under this Act

before October 1, 1989, the term limited for the duration of the patent is seventeen

years from the date on which the patent is issued.

Term from date of issue or filing

(2) Where the term limited for the duration of a patent referred to in subsection (1)

had not expired before the day on which this section came into force, the term is

seventeen years from the date on which the patent is issued or twenty years from the

filing date, whichever term expires later.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 45; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16; 1993, c. 15, s. 42; 2001, c. 10, s. 1.

Maintenance fees

46 (1) A patentee of a patent issued by the Patent Office under this Act after the

coming into force of this section shall, to maintain the rights accorded by the patent,

pay to the Commissioner such fees, in respect of such periods, as may be

prescribed.

Lapse of term if maintenance fees not paid

(2) Where the fees payable under subsection (1) are not paid within the time

provided by the regulations, the term limited for the duration of the patent shall be

deemed to have expired at the end of that time.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 46; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16; 1993, c. 15, s. 43.

Reissue of Patents

Issue of new or amended patents

47 (1) Whenever any patent is deemed defective or inoperative by reason of

insufficient description and specification, or by reason of the patentee’s claiming

more or less than he had a right to claim as new, but at the same time it appears that

the error arose from inadvertence, accident or mistake, without any fraudulent or

deceptive intention, the Commissioner may, on the surrender of the patent within

four years from its date and the payment of a further prescribed fee, cause a new

patent, in accordance with an amended description and specification made by the

patentee, to be issued to him for the same invention for the then unexpired term for

which the original patent was granted.

Certificate of supplementary protection

(1.1) Subsection (1) also applies in the case where the original patent is set out in a

certificate of supplementary protection and the original patent’s term has expired,

except that in that case the issuance of the new patent, whose term remains expired,

is for the purpose of establishing the rights, privileges and liberties granted under the

certificate.

Effect of new patent

(2) The surrender referred to in subsection (1) takes effect only on the issue of the

new patent, and the new patent and the amended description and specification have

the same effect in law, on the trial of any action thereafter commenced for any cause

subsequently accruing, as if the amended description and specification had been

originally filed in their corrected form before the issue of the original patent, but, in so

far as the claims of the original and reissued patents are identical, the surrender

does not affect any action pending at the time of reissue or abate any cause of action

then existing, and the reissued patent to the extent that its claims are identical with

the original patent constitutes a continuation thereof and has effect continuously from

the date of the original patent.

Separate patents for separate parts

(3) The Commissioner may entertain separate applications and cause patents to be

issued for distinct and separate parts of the invention patented, on payment of the

fee for a reissue for each of the reissued patents.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 47; 2017, c. 6, s. 37.

Disclaimers

Patentee may disclaim anything included in patent by mistake

48 (1) Whenever, by any mistake, accident or inadvertence, and without any wilful

intent to defraud or mislead the public, a patentee has

(a) made a specification too broad, claiming more than that of which the patentee

or the person through whom the patentee claims was the inventor, or

(b) in the specification, claimed that the patentee or the person through whom the

patentee claims was the inventor of any material or substantial part of the

invention patented of which the patentee was not the inventor, and to which the

patentee had no lawful right,

the patentee may, on payment of a prescribed fee, make a disclaimer of such parts

as the patentee does not claim to hold by virtue of the patent or the assignment

thereof.

Form and attestation of disclaimer

(2) A disclaimer shall be filed in the prescribed form and manner.

(3) [Repealed, 1993, c. 15, s. 44]

Pending suits not affected

(4) No disclaimer affects any action pending at the time when it is made, unless there

is unreasonable neglect or delay in making it.

Death of patentee

(5) In case of the death of an original patentee or of his having assigned the patent, a

like right to disclaim vests in his legal representatives, any of whom may exercise it.

Effect of disclaimer

(6) A patent shall, after disclaimer as provided in this section, be deemed to be valid

for such material and substantial part of the invention, definitely distinguished from

other parts thereof claimed without right, as is not disclaimed and is truly the

invention of the disclaimant, and the disclaimant is entitled to maintain an action or

suit in respect of that part accordingly.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 48; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 17; 1993, c. 15, s. 44.

Re-examination

Request for re-examination

48.1 (1) Any person may request a re-examination of any claim of a patent by filing

with the Commissioner prior art, consisting of patents, applications for patents open

to public inspection and printed publications, and by paying a prescribed fee.

Pertinency of request

(2) A request for re-examination under subsection (1) shall set forth the pertinency of

the prior art and the manner of applying the prior art to the claim for which re-

examination is requested.

Notice to patentee

(3) Forthwith after receipt of a request for re-examination under subsection (1), the

Commissioner shall send a copy of the request to the patentee of the patent in

respect of which the request is made, unless the patentee is the person who made

the request.

R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18; 1993, c. 15, s. 45.

Establishment of re-examination board

48.2 (1) Forthwith after receipt of a request for re-examination under subsection 48.1

(1), the Commissioner shall establish a re-examination board consisting of not fewer

than three persons, at least two of whom shall be employees of the Patent Office, to

which the request shall be referred for determination.

Determination to be made by board

(2) A re-examination board shall, within three months following its establishment,

determine whether a substantial new question of patentability affecting any claim of

the patent concerned is raised by the request for re-examination.

Notice

(3) Where a re-examination board has determined that a request for re-examination

does not raise a substantial new question affecting the patentability of a claim of the

patent concerned, the board shall so notify the person who filed the request and the

decision of the board is final for all purposes and is not subject to appeal or to review

by any court.

Idem

(4) Where a re-examination board has determined that a request for re-examination

raises a substantial new question affecting the patentability of a claim of the patent

concerned, the board shall notify the patentee of the determination and the reasons

therefor.

Filing of reply

(5) A patentee who receives notice under subsection (4) may, within three months of

the date of the notice, submit to the re-examination board a reply to the notice setting

out submissions on the question of the patentability of the claim of the patent in

respect of which the notice was given.

R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18; 1993, c. 15, s. 46(F).

Re-examination proceeding

48.3 (1) On receipt of a reply under subsection 48.2(5) or in the absence of any reply

within three months after notice is given under subsection 48.2(4), a re-examination

board shall forthwith cause a re-examination to be made of the claim of the patent in

respect of which the request for re-examination was submitted.

Patentee may submit amendments

(2) In any re-examination proceeding under subsection (1), the patentee may

propose any amendment to the patent or any new claims in relation thereto but no

proposed amendment or new claim enlarging the scope of a claim of the patent shall

be permitted.

Time limitation

(3) A re-examination proceeding in respect of a claim of a patent shall be completed

within twelve months of the commencement of the proceedings under subsection (1).

R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18.

Certificate of board

48.4 (1) On conclusion of a re-examination proceeding in respect of a claim of a

patent, the re-examination board shall issue a certificate

(a) cancelling any claim of the patent determined to be unpatentable;

(b) confirming any claim of the patent determined to be patentable; or

(c) incorporating in the patent any proposed amended or new claim determined to

be patentable.

Certificate attached to patent

(2) A certificate issued in respect of a patent under subsection (1) shall be attached

to the patent and made part thereof by reference, and a copy of the certificate shall

be sent by registered mail to the patentee.

Effect of certificate

(3) For the purposes of this Act, where a certificate issued in respect of a patent

under subsection (1)

(a) cancels any claim but not all claims of the patent, the patent shall be deemed

to have been issued, from the date of grant, in the corrected form;

(b) cancels all claims of the patent, the patent shall be deemed never to have

been issued; or

(c) amends any claim of the patent or incorporates a new claim in the patent, the

amended claim or new claim shall be effective, from the date of the certificate, for

the unexpired term of the patent.

Appeals

(4) Subsection (3) does not apply until the time for taking an appeal has expired

under subsection 48.5(2) and, if an appeal is taken, subsection (3) applies only to the

extent provided in the final judgment on the appeal.

R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18; 1993, c. 15, s. 47.

Appeals

48.5 (1) Any decision of a re-examination board set out in a certificate issued under

subsection 48.4(1) is subject to appeal by the patentee to the Federal Court.

Limitation

(2) No appeal may be taken under subsection (1) after three months from the date a

copy of the certificate is sent by registered mail to the patentee.

R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18.

Assignments and Devolutions

Assignee or personal representatives

49 (1) A patent may be granted to any person to whom an inventor, entitled under

this Act to obtain a patent, has assigned in writing or bequeathed by his last will his

right to obtain it, and, in the absence of an assignment or bequest, the patent may be

granted to the personal representatives of the estate of the deceased inventor.

Assignees may object

(2) Where an applicant for a patent has, after filing the application, assigned his right

to obtain the patent, or where the applicant has either before or after filing the

application assigned in writing the whole or part of his property or interest in the

invention, the assignee may register the assignment in the Patent Office in such

manner as may be determined by the Commissioner, and no application for a patent

may be withdrawn without the consent in writing of every such registered assignee.

Attestation

(3) No assignment shall be registered in the Patent Office unless it is accompanied

by the affidavit of a subscribing witness or established by other proof to the

satisfaction of the Commissioner that the assignment has been signed and executed

by the assignor.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 49; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 19.

Patents to be assignable

50 (1) Every patent issued for an invention is assignable in law, either as to the

whole interest or as to any part thereof, by an instrument in writing.

Registration

(2) Every assignment of a patent, and every grant and conveyance of any exclusive

right to make and use and to grant to others the right to make and use the invention

patented, within and throughout Canada or any part thereof, shall be registered in

the Patent Office in the manner determined by the Commissioner.

Attestation

(3) No assignment, grant or conveyance shall be registered in the Patent Office

unless it is accompanied by the affidavit of a subscribing witness or established by

other proof to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that the assignment, grant or

conveyance has been signed and executed by the assignor and by every other party

thereto.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 50; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 20.

When assignment void

51 Every assignment affecting a patent for invention, whether it is one referred to in

section 49 or 50, is void against any subsequent assignee, unless the assignment is

registered as prescribed by those sections, before the registration of the instrument

under which the subsequent assignee claims.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 53.

Jurisdiction of Federal Court

52 The Federal Court has jurisdiction, on the application of the Commissioner or of

any person interested, to order that any entry in the records of the Patent Office

relating to the title to a patent be varied or expunged.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 54; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.

Standard-Essential Patents

Subsequent patentee or holder bound

52.1 (1) A licensing commitment in respect of a standard-essential patent that binds

the patentee, binds any subsequent patentee and any holder of any certificate of

supplementary protection that sets out that patent.

Subsequent holder bound

(2) If a certificate of supplementary protection sets out a standard-essential patent, a

licensing commitment that binds the holder of that certificate of supplementary

protection, binds any subsequent holder of the certificate of supplementary

protection.

Application

(3) Subsections (1) and (2) apply despite any other Act of Parliament and any

decision or order made under such an Act.

2018, c. 27, s. 190.

Regulations

52.2 The Governor in Council may make regulations, for the purposes of section

52.1, respecting what constitutes, or does not constitute, a licensing commitment or

a standard-essential patent.

2018, c. 27, s. 190.

Legal Proceedings in Respect of Patents

Void in certain cases, or valid only for parts

53 (1) A patent is void if any material allegation in the petition of the applicant in

respect of the patent is untrue, or if the specification and drawings contain more or

less than is necessary for obtaining the end for which they purport to be made, and

the omission or addition is wilfully made for the purpose of misleading.

Exception

(2) Where it appears to a court that the omission or addition referred to in subsection

(1) was an involuntary error and it is proved that the patentee is entitled to the

remainder of his patent, the court shall render a judgment in accordance with the

facts, and shall determine the costs, and the patent shall be held valid for that part of

the invention described to which the patentee is so found to be entitled.

(3) [Repealed, 2017, c. 6, s. 38]

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 53; 2017, c. 6, s. 38.

Admissible in evidence

53.1 (1) In any action or proceeding respecting a patent, a written communication, or

any part of such a communication, may be admitted into evidence to rebut any

representation made by the patentee in the action or proceeding as to the

construction of a claim in the patent if

(a) it is prepared in respect of

(i) the prosecution of the application for the patent,

(ii) a disclaimer made in respect of the patent, or

(iii) a request for re-examination, or a re-examination proceeding, in respect

of the patent; and

(b) it is between

(i) the applicant for the patent or the patentee; and

(ii) the Commissioner, an officer or employee of the Patent Office or a

member of a re-examination board.

Divisional application

(2) For the purposes of this section, the prosecution of a divisional application is

deemed to include the prosecution of the original application before that divisional

application is filed.

Reissued patent

(3) For the purposes of this section, a written communication is deemed to be

prepared in respect of the prosecution of the application for a reissued patent if it is

prepared in respect of

(a) the prosecution of the application for the patent that was surrendered and

from which the reissued patent results; or

(b) the application for reissuance.

2018, c. 27, s. 191.

Infringement

Jurisdiction of courts

54 (1) An action for the infringement of a patent may be brought in that court of

record that, in the province in which the infringement is said to have occurred, has

jurisdiction, pecuniarily, to the amount of the damages claimed and that, with relation

to the other courts of the province, holds its sittings nearest to the place of residence

or of business of the defendant, and that court shall decide the case and determine

the costs, and assumption of jurisdiction by the court is of itself sufficient proof of

jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction of Federal Court

(2) Nothing in this section impairs the jurisdiction of the Federal Court under section

20 of the Federal Courts Act or otherwise.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 54; 2002, c. 8, s. 182.

Liability for patent infringement

55 (1) A person who infringes a patent is liable to the patentee and to all persons

claiming under the patentee for all damage sustained by the patentee or by any such

person, after the grant of the patent, by reason of the infringement.

Liability damage before patent is granted

(2) A person is liable to pay reasonable compensation to a patentee and to all

persons claiming under the patentee for any damage sustained by the patentee or by

any of those persons by reason of any act on the part of that person, after the

application for the patent became open to public inspection under section 10 and

before the grant of the patent, that would have constituted an infringement of the

patent if the patent had been granted on the day the application became open to

public inspection under that section.

Patentee to be a party

(3) Unless otherwise expressly provided, the patentee shall be or be made a party to

any proceeding under subsection (1) or (2).

Deemed action for infringement

(4) For the purposes of this section and sections 54 and 55.01 to 59, any proceeding

under subsection (2) is deemed to be an action for the infringement of a patent and

the act on which that proceeding is based is deemed to be an act of infringement of

the patent.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 55; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 21; 1993, c. 15, s. 48.

Limitation

55.01 No remedy may be awarded for an act of infringement committed more than

six years before the commencement of the action for infringement.

1993, c. 15, s. 48.

Burden of proof for patented process

55.1 In an action for infringement of a patent granted for a process for obtaining a

new product, any product that is the same as the new product shall, in the absence

of proof to the contrary, be considered to have been produced by the patented

process.

1993, c. 2, s. 4, c. 44, s. 193.

Exception

55.2 (1) It is not an infringement of a patent for any person to make, construct, use or

sell the patented invention solely for uses reasonably related to the development and

submission of information required under any law of Canada, a province or a country

other than Canada that regulates the manufacture, construction, use or sale of any

product.

(2) and (3) [Repealed, 2001, c. 10, s. 2]

Regulations

(4) The Governor in Council may make regulations respecting the infringement of

any patent that, directly or indirectly, could result or results from the making,

construction, use or sale of a patented invention in accordance with subsection (1),

including regulations

(a) respecting the conditions that must be fulfilled before a document — including

a notice, certificate or permit — concerning any product to which a patent may

relate may be issued to any person under any Act of Parliament that regulates

the manufacture, construction, use or sale of that product, in addition to any

conditions provided for by or under that Act;

(b) respecting the earliest day on which such a document may be issued to a

person and the earliest day on which it may take effect, and respecting the

manner in which each day is to be determined;

(c) respecting the issuance, suspension or revocation of such a document in

circumstances where, directly or indirectly, the document’s issuance could result

or results in the infringement of a patent;

(d) respecting the prevention and resolution of disputes with respect to the day on

which such a document may be issued or take effect;

(e) respecting the prevention and resolution of disputes with respect to the

infringement of a patent that could result directly or indirectly from the

manufacture, construction, use or sale of a product referred to in paragraph (a);

(f) respecting the resolution of disputes with respect to the infringement of a

patent that results directly or indirectly from the manufacture, construction, use or

sale of such a product;

(g) conferring rights of action with respect to disputes referred to in any of

paragraphs (d) to (f);

(h) restricting or excluding the application of other rights of action under this Act

or another Act of Parliament to disputes referred to in any of paragraphs (d) to (f);

(i) designating the court of competent jurisdiction in which a proceeding with

respect to rights of action referred to in paragraph (g) is to be heard;

(j) respecting such proceedings, including the procedure of the court in the

matter, the defences that may be pleaded, the remedies that may be sought, the

joinder of parties and of rights of action and the consolidation of other

proceedings, the decisions and orders the court may make and any appeals from

those decisions and orders; and

(k) specifying who may be an interested person for the purposes of subsection 60

(1) with respect to disputes referred to in paragraph (e).

Inconsistency or conflict

(5) In the event of any inconsistency or conflict between

(a) this section or any regulations made under this section, and

(b) any Act of Parliament or any regulations made thereunder,

this section or the regulations made under this section shall prevail to the extent of

the inconsistency or conflict.

For greater certainty

(6) For greater certainty, subsection (1) does not affect any exception to the

exclusive property or privilege granted by a patent that exists at law in respect of acts

done privately and on a non-commercial scale or for a non-commercial purpose.

1993, c. 2, s. 4; 2001, c. 10, s. 2; 2017, c. 6, s. 39; 2018, c. 27, s. 192.

Exception — experimentation

55.3 (1) An act committed for the purpose of experimentation relating to the subject-

matter of a patent is not an infringement of the patent.

Regulations

(2) The Governor in Council may make regulations respecting

(a) factors that the court may consider, must consider or is not permitted to

consider in determining whether an act is, or is not, committed for the purpose set

out in subsection (1); and

(b) circumstances in which an act is, or is not, committed for the purpose set out

in subsection (1).

2018, c. 27, s. 193.

Exception — prior use

56 (1) Subject to subsection (2), if — before the claim date of a claim in a patent — a

person, in good faith, committed an act that would otherwise constitute an

infringement of the patent in respect of that claim, or made serious and effective

preparations to commit such an act, it is not an infringement of the patent or any

certificate of supplementary protection that sets out the patent, in respect of that

claim, if the person commits the same act on or after that claim date.

Transfer

(2) If the act referred to in subsection (1) is committed or the preparations to commit

it are made in the course of a business and that business, or the part of that

business in the course of which the act was committed or the preparations were

made, is subsequently transferred,

(a) subsection (1) or paragraph (b), as the case may be, does not apply to an act

committed by the transferor after the transfer; and

(b) it is not an infringement of the patent or any certificate of supplementary

protection that sets out the patent, in respect of the claim, if the transferee

commits the act after the transfer.

Exception — use or sale of article

(3) The use or sale of an article is not an infringement of a patent or any certificate of

supplementary protection that sets out the patent if that article was acquired, directly

or indirectly, from a person who, at the time they disposed of it, could sell it without

infringing the patent or the certificate

(a) because the person, before the claim date of a claim in the patent, in good

faith, committed an act that would otherwise constitute an infringement of the

patent in respect of that claim and they disposed of the article before that claim

date; or

(b) under subsection (1) or paragraph (2)(b).

Exception — use of service

(4) The use of a service is not an infringement of a patent if the service is provided

by a person who, under subsection (1) or paragraph (2)(b), is able to provide it

without infringing the patent.

Non-application

(5) Subsection (1) or paragraph (3)(a) does not apply if the person referred to in that

subsection or that paragraph was able, as the case may be, to commit the act or

make the preparations to commit the act only because they obtained knowledge of

the subject-matter defined by the claim, directly or indirectly, from the applicant of the

application on the basis of which the patent was granted and they knew that the

applicant was the source of the knowledge.

Exception — use of article

(6) Subject to subsection (7), the use of an article is not an infringement of a patent

or any certificate of supplementary protection that sets out the patent, in respect of a

claim, if the article was acquired, directly or indirectly, from a person who, before the

claim date of that claim, in good faith, made or sold, or made serious and effective

preparations to make or sell, an article that is substantially the same as the one

used, for that use.

Transfer

(7) If the making or selling referred to in subsection (6) was done or the preparations

to do so were made in the course of a business and that business, or the part of that

business in the course of which the making or selling was done or the preparations

were made, is subsequently transferred, then

(a) subsection (6) or paragraph (b), as the case may be, does not apply in

respect of an article that is made or sold by the transferor after the transfer; and

(b) it is not an infringement of the patent or any certificate of supplementary

protection that sets out the patent, in respect of a claim referred to in subsection

(6), to use an article for the use referred to in that subsection if it was made or

sold for that use by the transferee after the transfer.

Non-application

(8) Subsection (6) does not apply if the person referred to in that subsection was

able to make or sell, or to make the preparations to make or sell, the article only

because they obtained knowledge of the use defined by the claim, directly or

indirectly, from the applicant of the application on the basis of which the patent was

granted and they knew that the applicant was the source of the knowledge.

Exception — use of service

(9) Subject to subsection (10), the use of a service is not an infringement of a patent

in respect of a claim if the service is provided by a person who, before the claim date

of that claim, in good faith, provided, or made serious and effective preparations to

provide, a service that is substantially the same as the one used, for that use.

Transfer

(10) If the service referred to in subsection (9) was provided or the preparations to

provide it were made in the course of a business and that business, or the part of

that business in the course of which the service was provided or the preparations to

do so were made, is subsequently transferred, then, after the transfer

(a) the transferor is deemed to no longer be the person referred to in subsection

(9) for the purposes of that subsection; and

(b) the transferee is deemed to be the person who provided the service for the

purposes of subsection (9).

Non-application

(11) Subsection (9) does not apply if the person referred to in that subsection was

able to provide the service or make the preparations to provide it only because they

obtained knowledge of the use defined by the claim, directly or indirectly, from the

applicant of the application on the basis of which the patent was granted and they

knew that the applicant was the source of the knowledge.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 56; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 22; 1993, c. 44, ss. 194, 199; 2018, c. 27, s.

194.

Injunction may issue

57 (1) In any action for infringement of a patent, the court, or any judge thereof, may,

on the application of the plaintiff or defendant, make such order as the court or judge

sees fit,

(a) restraining or enjoining the opposite party from further use, manufacture or

sale of the subject-matter of the patent, and for his punishment in the event of

disobedience of that order, or

(b) for and respecting inspection or account,

and generally, respecting the proceedings in the action.

Appeal

(2) An appeal lies from any order made under subsection (1) in the same

circumstances and to the same court as from other judgments or orders of the court

in which the order is made.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 59.

Invalid claims not to affect valid claims

58 When, in any action or proceeding respecting a patent that contains two or more

claims, one or more of those claims is or are held to be valid but another or others is

or are held to be invalid or void, effect shall be given to the patent as if it contained

only the valid claim or claims.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 60.

Defence

59 The defendant, in any action for infringement of a patent may plead as matter of

defence any fact or default which by this Act or by law renders the patent void, and

the court shall take cognizance of that pleading and of the relevant facts and decide

accordingly.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 61.

Impeachment

Impeachment of patents or claims

60 (1) A patent or any claim in a patent may be declared invalid or void by the

Federal Court at the instance of the Attorney General of Canada or at the instance of

any interested person.

Declaration as to infringement

(2) Where any person has reasonable cause to believe that any process used or

proposed to be used or any article made, used or sold or proposed to be made, used

or sold by him might be alleged by any patentee to constitute an infringement of an

exclusive property or privilege granted thereby, he may bring an action in the Federal

Court against the patentee for a declaration that the process or article does not or

would not constitute an infringement of the exclusive property or privilege.

Security for costs

(3) With the exception of the Attorney General of Canada or the attorney general of a

province, the plaintiff in any action under this section shall, before proceeding

therein, give security for the costs of the patentee in such sum as the Federal Court

may direct, but a defendant in any action for the infringement of a patent is entitled to

obtain a declaration under this section without being required to furnish any security.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 62; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.

61 [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 23]

Judgments

Judgment voiding patent

62 A patent, or part of a patent, that is voided by a judgment shall be and be held to

have been void and of no effect, unless the judgment is reversed on appeal as

provided in section 63.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 62; 1993, c. 15, s. 49; 2017, c. 6, s. 40.

Appeal

63 Every judgment voiding in whole or in part or refusing to void in whole or in part

any patent is subject to appeal to any court having appellate jurisdiction in other

cases decided by the court by which the judgment was rendered.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 65.

Conditions 64 [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 195]

Abuse of rights under patents

65 (1) The Attorney General of Canada or any person interested may, at any time

after the expiration of three years from the date of the grant of a patent, apply to the

Commissioner alleging in the case of that patent that there has been an abuse of the

exclusive rights thereunder and asking for relief under this Act.

What amounts to abuse

(2) The exclusive rights under a patent shall be deemed to have been abused in any

of the following circumstances:

(a) and (b) [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 196]

(c) if the demand for the patented article in Canada is not being met to an

adequate extent and on reasonable terms;

(d) if, by reason of the refusal of the patentee to grant a licence or licences on

reasonable terms, the trade or industry of Canada or the trade of any person or

class of persons trading in Canada, or the establishment of any new trade or

industry in Canada, is prejudiced, and it is in the public interest that a licence or

licences should be granted;

(e) if any trade or industry in Canada, or any person or class of persons engaged

therein, is unfairly prejudiced by the conditions attached by the patentee, whether

before or after the passing of this Act, to the purchase, hire, licence or use of the

patented article or to the using or working of the patented process; or

(f) if it is shown that the existence of the patent, being a patent for an invention

relating to a process involving the use of materials not protected by the patent or

for an invention relating to a substance produced by such a process, has been

utilized by the patentee so as unfairly to prejudice in Canada the manufacture,

use or sale of any materials.

(3) and (4) [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 196]

Definition of patented article

(5) For the purposes of this section, the expression patented article includes articles

made by a patented process.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 65; 1993, c. 2, s. 5, c. 15, s. 51, c. 44, s. 196.

Powers of Commissioner in cases of abuse

66 (1) On being satisfied that a case of abuse of the exclusive rights under a patent

has been established, the Commissioner may exercise any of the following powers

as he may deem expedient in the circumstances:

(a) he may order the grant to the applicant of a licence on such terms as the

Commissioner may think expedient, including a term precluding the licensee from

importing into Canada any goods the importation of which, if made by persons

other than the patentee or persons claiming under him, would be an infringement

of the patent, and in that case the patentee and all licensees for the time being

shall be deemed to have mutually covenanted against that importation;

(b) [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 197]

(c) if the Commissioner is satisfied that the exclusive rights have been abused in

the circumstances specified in paragraph 65(2)(f), he may order the grant of

licences to the applicant and to such of his customers, and containing such

terms, as the Commissioner may think expedient;

(d) if the Commissioner is satisfied that the objects of this section and section 65

cannot be attained by the exercise of any of the foregoing powers, the

Commissioner shall order the patent to be revoked, either forthwith or after such

reasonable interval as may be specified in the order, unless in the meantime such

conditions as may be specified in the order with a view to attaining the objects of

this section and section 65 are fulfilled, and the Commissioner may, on

reasonable cause shown in any case, by subsequent order extend the interval so

specified, but the Commissioner shall not make an order for revocation which is

at variance with any treaty, convention, arrangement, or engagement with any

other country to which Canada is a party; or

(e) if the Commissioner is of opinion that the objects of this section and section

65 will be best attained by not making an order under the provisions of this

section, he may make an order refusing the application and dispose of any

question as to costs thereon as he thinks just.

Proceedings to prevent infringement

(2) A licensee under paragraph (1)(a) is entitled to call on the patentee to take

proceedings to prevent infringement of the patent, and if the patentee refuses or

neglects to do so within two months after being so called on, the licensee may

institute proceedings for infringement in his own name as though he were the

patentee, making the patentee a defendant, but a patentee added as defendant is

not liable for any costs unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the

proceedings.

(3) [Repealed, 2017, c. 6, s. 41]

Considerations by which Commissioner to be guided

(4) In settling the terms of a licence under paragraph (1)(a), the Commissioner shall

be guided as far as possible by the following considerations:

(a) he shall endeavour to secure the widest possible use of the invention in

Canada consistent with the patentee deriving a reasonable advantage from his

patent rights;

(b) he shall endeavour to secure to the patentee the maximum advantage

consistent with the invention being worked by the licensee at a reasonable profit

in Canada; and

(c) he shall endeavour to secure equality of advantage among the several

licensees, and for this purpose may, on due cause being shown, reduce the

royalties or other payments accruing to the patentee under any licence previously

granted.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 66; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 24; 1993, c. 44, s. 197; 2017, c. 6, s. 41.

67 [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 198]

Contents of applications

68 (1) Every application presented to the Commissioner under section 65 or 66 shall

(a) set out fully the nature of the applicant’s interest, the facts on which the

applicant bases his case and the relief that he seeks; and

(b) be accompanied by statutory declarations verifying the applicant’s interest

and the facts set out in the application.

Service

(2) The Commissioner shall consider the matters alleged in the application and

declarations referred to in subsection (1) and, if satisfied that the applicant has a

bona fide interest and that a case for relief has been made, the Commissioner shall

direct the applicant to serve copies of the application and declarations on the

patentee and on any other persons appearing from the records of the Patent Office

to be interested in the patent, and the applicant shall advertise the application both

(a) in the Canada Gazette; and

(b) on the website of the Canadian Intellectual Property Office or in any other

prescribed location.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 68; 2017, c. 6, s. 42.

Opposition and counter statement

69 (1) If the patentee or any person is desirous of opposing the granting of any relief

under sections 65 to 70, he shall, within such time as may be prescribed or within

such extended time as the Commissioner may on application further allow, deliver to

the Commissioner a counter statement verified by a statutory declaration fully setting

out the grounds on which the application is to be opposed.

Attendance for cross-examination

(2) The Commissioner shall consider the counter statement and declaration referred

to in subsection (1) and may thereupon dismiss the application if satisfied that the

allegations in the application have been adequately answered, unless any of the

parties demands a hearing or unless the Commissioner himself appoints a hearing,

and in any case the Commissioner may require the attendance before him of any of

the declarants to be cross-examined or further examined on matters relevant to the

issues raised in the application and counter statement, and he may, subject to due

precautions against disclosure of information to rivals in trade, require the production

before him of books and documents relating to the matter in issue.

Reference to Federal Court

(3) In any case where the Commissioner does not dismiss an application as provided

in subsection (2), and

(a) if the parties interested consent, or

(b) if the proceedings require any prolonged examination of documents or any

scientific or local investigation that cannot in the opinion of the Commissioner

conveniently be made before him,

the Commissioner, with the approval in writing of the Minister, may order the whole

proceedings or any issue of fact arising thereunder to be referred to the Federal

Court, which has jurisdiction in the premises.

Idem

(4) Where the whole proceedings are referred under subsection (1), the judgment,

decision or order of the Federal Court is final, and where a question or issue of fact is

referred under that subsection, the Court shall report its findings to the

Commissioner.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 71; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.

Licence deemed to be by deed

70 Any order for the grant of a licence under this Act, without prejudice to any other

method of enforcement, operates as if it were embodied in a deed granting a licence

executed by the patentee and all other necessary parties.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 72.

Appeal to Federal Court

71 All orders and decisions of the Commissioner under sections 65 to 70 are subject

to appeal to the Federal Court, and on any such appeal the Attorney General of

Canada or such counsel as he may appoint is entitled to appear and be heard.

R.S., c. P-4, s. 73; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64.

72 [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 25]

Abandonment and Reinstatement of Applications

Deemed abandonment of applications

73 (1) An application for a patent in Canada shall be deemed to be abandoned if the

applicant does not

(a) reply in good faith to any requisition made by an examiner in connection with

an examination, within six months after the requisition is made or within any

shorter period established by the Commissioner;

(b) comply with a notice given pursuant to subsection 27(6);

(c) pay the fees payable under section 27.1, within the time provided by the

regulations;

(d) make a request for examination or pay the prescribed fee under subsection

35(1) within the time provided by the regulations;

(e) comply with a notice given under subsection 35(2); or

(f) pay the prescribed fees stated to be payable in a notice of allowance of patent

within six months after the date of the notice.

Deemed abandonment in prescribed circumstances

(2) An application shall also be deemed to be abandoned in any other circumstances

that are prescribed.

Reinstatement

(3) An application deemed to be abandoned under this section shall be reinstated if

the applicant

(a) makes a request for reinstatement to the Commissioner within the prescribed

period;

(b) takes the action that should have been taken in order to avoid the

abandonment; and

(c) pays the prescribed fee before the expiration of the prescribed period.

Amendment and re-examination

(4) An application that has been abandoned pursuant to paragraph (1)(f) and

reinstated is subject to amendment and further examination.

Original filing date

(5) An application that is reinstated retains its original filing date.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 73; 1993, c. 15, s. 52; 2015, c. 3, s. 138(F).

Offences and Punishment 74 [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 26]

Offences

75 (1) Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to a fine of not

more than $200 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than three months, or to

both, who

(a) without the consent of the patentee, marks in any way on anything made or

sold by the person, and for the sole making or selling of which they are not the

patentee, the name or any imitation of the name of any patentee for the sole

making or selling of that thing;

(b) without the consent of the patentee, marks in any way on anything not

purchased from the patentee, the words “Patent”, “Letters Patent”, “Queen’s (or

King’s) Patent”, “Patented” or any word or words with a similar meaning, with the

intent of counterfeiting or imitating the stamp, mark or device of the patentee, or

of deceiving the public and inducing them to believe that the thing in question was

made or sold by or with the patentee’s consent; or

(c) with intent to deceive the public, offers for sale as patented in Canada any

article that is neither patented in Canada nor protected by a certificate of

supplementary protection in Canada.

Certificate of supplementary protection

(2) Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to a fine of not more

than $200 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than three months, or to both,

who

(a) during the term of a certificate of supplementary protection, without the

consent of the certificate’s holder, marks in any way on anything made or sold by

the person, and for the sole making or selling of which they are not the holder of a

certificate of supplementary protection, the name or any imitation of the name of

any holder of a certificate of supplementary protection for the sole making or

selling of that thing;

(b) after a certificate of supplementary protection has been issued and before the

end of its term, without the consent of the certificate’s holder, marks in any way

on anything not purchased from that holder the words “Certificate of

Supplementary Protection”, “Protected by a Certificate of Supplementary

Protection” or any words with a similar meaning, with the intent of counterfeiting

or imitating that holder’s stamp, mark or device, or of deceiving the public and

inducing them to believe that the thing in question was made or sold by or with

that holder’s consent; or

(c) with the intent to deceive the public, offers for sale as protected by a

certificate of supplementary protection in Canada any article that

(i) is neither patented in Canada nor protected by a certificate of

supplementary protection in Canada, or

(ii) is patented in Canada but for which no certificate of supplementary

protection has been issued.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 75; 2017, c. 6, s. 43.

False representations, false entries, etc.

76 Every person who, in relation to the purposes of this Act and knowing it to be

false,

(a) makes any false representation,

(b) makes or causes to be made any false entry in any register or book,

(b.1) submits or causes to be submitted, in an electronic form, any false

document, false information or document containing false information,

(c) makes or causes to be made any false document or alters the form of a copy

of any document, or

(d) produces or tenders any document containing false information,

is guilty of an indictable offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding five

hundred dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 76; 1993, c. 15, s. 53.

Offence respecting patented medicines

76.1 (1) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with section 80, 81, 82 or

88 or any order made thereunder is guilty of an offence punishable on summary

conviction and liable

(a) in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to

imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both; and

(b) in the case of a corporation, to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand

dollars.

Idem

(2) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with section 84 or any order

made under section 83 is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and

liable

(a) in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand

dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both; and

(b) in the case of a corporation, to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand

dollars.

Limitation period

(3) Proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2) may be commenced

within, but not later than, two years after the time when the subject-matter of the

proceedings arose.

Continuing offence

(4) Where an offence under subsection (1) or (2) is committed or continued on more

than one day, the person who committed the offence is liable to be convicted for a

separate offence for each day on which the offence is committed or continued.

1993, c. 2, s. 6.

Written Demands

Requirements

76.2 (1) Any written demand received by a person in Canada, that relates to an

invention that is patented in Canada or elsewhere or that is protected by a certificate

of supplementary protection in Canada or by analogous rights granted elsewhere,

must comply with the prescribed requirements.

Federal Court

(2) Any person who receives a written demand that does not comply with the

prescribed requirements, and any person who is aggrieved as a result of the receipt

by another person of such a written demand, may bring a proceeding in the Federal

Court.

Relief

(3) If the Federal Court is satisfied that the written demand does not comply with the

prescribed requirements, it may grant any relief that it considers appropriate,

including by way of recovery of damages, punitive damages, an injunction, a

declaration or an award of costs.

Liability — special case

(4) If a corporation sends a written demand that does not comply with the prescribed

requirements, is notified of those requirements and of the demand’s defects in

respect of those requirements and does not, within a reasonable time after receiving

the notice of those defects, remedy them, the corporation’s officers, directors, agents

or mandataries are jointly and severally, or solidarily, liable with the corporation if

they directed, authorized, assented to, acquiesced in or participated in the sending of

the demand.

Due diligence

(5) A person is not to be found liable under subsection (4) if they establish that they

exercised due diligence to ensure that the written demand complies with the

prescribed requirements.

2018, c. 27, s. 195.

Regulations

76.3 The Governor in Council may make regulations for the purposes of section

76.2, including regulations

(a) respecting what constitutes a written demand or an aggrievement;

(b) respecting the requirements with which a written demand must comply;

(c) respecting factors that the Federal Court may consider, must consider or is

not permitted to consider in making an order under subsection 76.2(3); and

(d) respecting the circumstances in which a defendant is not to be found liable in

a proceeding brought under subsection 76.2(2).

2018, c. 27, s. 195.

Miscellaneous Matters 77 [Repealed, 1993, c. 15, s. 54]

Time period extended

78 (1) If a time period fixed under this Act, in respect of any business before the

Patent Office, for doing anything ends on a prescribed day or a day that is

designated by the Commissioner, that time period is extended to the next day that is

not a prescribed day or a designated day.

Power to designate day

(2) The Commissioner may, on account of unforeseen circumstances and if the

Commissioner is satisfied that it is in the public interest to do so, designate any day

for the purposes of subsection (1). If a day is designated, the Commissioner shall

inform the public of that fact on the website of the Canadian Intellectual Property

Office.

R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 78; 2015, c. 36, s. 63; 2017, c. 6, ss. 44, 136.

Transitional Provisions

Patent applications filed before October 1, 1989

78.1 Applications for patents in Canada filed before October 1, 1989 shall be dealt

with and disposed of in accordance with section 38.1 and with the provisions of this

Act as they read immediately before October 1, 1989.

1993, c. 15, s. 55; 2001, c. 10, s. 3.

Special case

78.2 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), any matter arising on or after the day on

which this subsection comes into force in respect of a patent issued on the basis of

an application whose filing date is before October 1, 1989 shall be dealt with and

disposed of in accordance with sections 38.1, 45, 46 and 48.1 to 48.5 and with the

provisions of this Act, other than sections 46 and 56, as they read immediately

before October 1, 1989.

Application of amendments to Act

(2) The provisions of this Act that apply as provided in subsection (1) shall be read

subject to any amendments to this Act, other than the amendments that came into

force on October 1, 1989 or October 1, 1996 or that were made by sections 188,

189, and 195 of the Budget Implementation Act, 2018, No 2.

October 1, 1996

(3) Section 56 of the Patent Act, as it read immediately before October 1, 1989,

applies in respect of a purchase, construction or acquisition made before October 1,

1996 of an invention for which a patent is issued on the basis of an application filed

before October 1, 1989.

1993, c. 15, s. 55; 2001, c. 10, s. 3; 2018, c. 27, s. 196.

Previous version of section 43 applies

78.3 (1) Where a conflict, as defined in section 43 as it read immediately before

October 1, 1989, exists between an application for a patent in Canada filed before

October 1, 1989 (the “earlier application”) and an application for a patent in Canada

filed on or after that date (the “later application”) and

(a) the later application is filed by a person who is entitled to protection under the

terms of any treaty or convention relating to patents to which Canada is a party

and who has previously regularly filed in or for any other country that by treaty,

convention or law affords similar protection to citizens of Canada an application

for a patent describing the same invention,

(b) the later application is filed within twelve months after the filing of the

previously regularly filed application,

(c) the applicant in the later application has made a request for priority in respect

of that application on the basis of the previously regularly filed application, and

(d) the earlier application is filed after the filing of the previously regularly filed

application,

the applicant having the earlier date of invention shall be entitled to a patent and the

applications shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with section 43, as it

read immediately before October 1, 1989.

Exception

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if

(a) the earlier application is filed by a person who is entitled to protection under

the terms of any treaty or convention relating to patents to which Canada is a

party and who has previously regularly filed in or for any other country that by

treaty, convention or law affords similar protection to citizens of Canada an

application for a patent describing the same invention;

(b) the earlier application is filed within twelve months after the filing of the

previously regularly filed application mentioned in paragraph (a);

(c) the applicant in the earlier application has made a request for priority in

respect of that application on the basis of the previously regularly filed application

mentioned in paragraph (a); and

(d) the previously regularly filed application mentioned in paragraph (a) was filed

before the filing of the previously regularly filed application mentioned in

subsection (1).

1993, c. 15, s. 55.

Patent applications filed on or after October 1, 1989

78.4 Applications for patents in Canada filed on or after October 1, 1989, but before

October 1, 1996, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with subsection

27(2) as it read immediately before October 1, 1996 and with the provisions of this

Act as they read on October 1, 1996.

1993, c. 15, s. 55; 2001, c. 10, s. 4.

Patents issued on or after October 1, 1989

78.5 Any matter arising in respect of a patent issued on the basis of an application

filed on or after October 1, 1989, but before October 1, 1996, shall be dealt with and

disposed of in accordance with the provisions of this Act and with subsection 27(2)

as it read immediately before October 1, 1996.

1993, c. 15, s. 55; 2001, c. 10, s. 4.

Payment of prescribed fees

78.6 (1) If, before the day on which this section comes into force, a person has paid

a prescribed fee applicable to a small entity, within the meaning of the Patent Rules

as they read at the time of payment, but should have paid the prescribed fee

applicable to an entity other than a small entity and a payment equivalent to the

difference between the two amounts is submitted to the Commissioner in accordance

with subsection (2) either before or no later than twelve months after that day, the

payment is deemed to have been paid on the day on which the prescribed fee was

paid, regardless of whether an action or other proceeding relating to the patent or

patent application in respect of which the fee was payable has been commenced or

decided.

Information to be provided

(2) Any person who submits a payment to the Commissioner in accordance with

subsection (1) is required to provide information with respect to the service or

proceeding in respect of which the fee was paid and the patent or application in

respect of which the fee was paid.

No refund

(3) A payment submitted in accordance with subsection (1) shall not be refunded.

Action and proceedings barred

(4) No action or proceeding for any compensation or damages lies against Her

Majesty in right of Canada in respect of any direct or indirect consequence resulting

from the application of this section.

Application

(5) For greater certainty, this section also applies to applications for patents

mentioned in sections 78.1 and 78.4.

2005, c. 18, s. 2.

Patented Medicines

Interpretation

Definitions

79 (1) In this section and in sections 80 to 103,

Board means the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board continued by section 91;

(Conseil)

Consumer Price Index means the Consumer Price Index published by Statistics

Canada under the authority of the Statistics Act; (indice des prix à la consommation)

Minister means the Minister of Health or such other Member of the Queen’s Privy

Council for Canada as is designated by the Governor in Council as the Minister for

the purposes of this section and sections 80 to 103; (ministre)

patentee, in respect of an invention pertaining to a medicine, means the person for

the time being entitled to the benefit of the patent for that invention and includes,

where any other person is entitled to exercise any rights in relation to that patent

other than under a licence continued by subsection 11(1) of the Patent Act

Amendment Act, 1992, that other person in respect of those rights; (breveté ou

titulaire d’un brevet)

regulations means regulations made under section 101. (règlement)

Invention pertaining to a medicine

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) and sections 80 to 101, an invention pertains

to a medicine if the invention is intended or capable of being used for medicine or for

the preparation or production of medicine.

1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1996, c. 8, s. 32.

Pricing Information

Pricing information, etc., required by regulations

80 (1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in

accordance with the regulations, provide the Board with such information and

documents as the regulations may specify respecting

(a) the identity of the medicine;

(b) the price at which the medicine is being or has been sold in any market in

Canada and elsewhere;

(c) the costs of making and marketing the medicine, where that information is

available to the patentee in Canada or is within the knowledge or control of the

patentee;

(d) the factors referred to in section 85; and

(e) any other related matters.

Idem

(2) Subject to subsection (3), a person who is a former patentee of an invention

pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in accordance with the regulations,

provide the Board with such information and documents as the regulations may

specify respecting

(a) the identity of the medicine;

(b) the price at which the medicine was sold in any market in Canada and

elsewhere during the period in which the person was a patentee of the invention;

(c) the costs of making and marketing the medicine produced during that period,

whether incurred before or after the patent was issued, where that information is

available to the person in Canada or is within the knowledge or control of the

person;

(d) the factors referred to in section 85; and

(e) any other related matters.

Limitation

(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a person who has not been entitled to the

benefit of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent for a period of

three or more years.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Pricing information, etc. required by Board

81 (1) The Board may, by order, require a patentee or former patentee of an

invention pertaining to a medicine to provide the Board with information and

documents respecting

(a) in the case of a patentee, any of the matters referred to in paragraphs 80(1)(a)

to (e);

(b) in the case of a former patentee, any of the matters referred to in paragraphs

80(2)(a) to (e); and

(c) such other related matters as the Board may require.

Compliance with order

(2) A patentee or former patentee in respect of whom an order is made under

subsection (1) shall comply with the order within such time as is specified in the

order or as the Board may allow.

Limitation

(3) No order may be made under subsection (1) in respect of a former patentee who,

more than three years before the day on which the order is proposed to be made,

ceased to be entitled to the benefit of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation

to the patent.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Notice of introductory price

82 (1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine who intends to sell the

medicine in a market in Canada in which it has not previously been sold shall, as

soon as practicable after determining the date on which the medicine will be first

offered for sale in that market, notify the Board of its intention and of that date.

Pricing information and documents

(2) Where the Board receives a notice under subsection (1) from a patentee or

otherwise has reason to believe that a patentee of an invention pertaining to a

medicine intends to sell the medicine in a market in Canada in which the medicine

has not previously been sold, the Board may, by order, require the patentee to

provide the Board with information and documents respecting the price at which the

medicine is intended to be sold in that market.

Compliance with order

(3) Subject to subsection (4), a patentee in respect of whom an order is made under

subsection (2) shall comply with the order within such time as is specified in the

order or as the Board may allow.

Limitation

(4) No patentee shall be required to comply with an order made under subsection (2)

prior to the sixtieth day preceding the date on which the patentee intends to first offer

the medicine for sale in the relevant market.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Excessive Prices

Order re excessive prices

83 (1) Where the Board finds that a patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine

is selling the medicine in any market in Canada at a price that, in the Board’s

opinion, is excessive, the Board may, by order, direct the patentee to cause the

maximum price at which the patentee sells the medicine in that market to be reduced

to such level as the Board considers not to be excessive and as is specified in the

order.

Idem

(2) Subject to subsection (4), where the Board finds that a patentee of an invention

pertaining to a medicine has, while a patentee, sold the medicine in any market in

Canada at a price that, in the Board’s opinion, was excessive, the Board may, by

order, direct the patentee to do any one or more of the following things as will, in the

Board’s opinion, offset the amount of the excess revenues estimated by it to have

been derived by the patentee from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price:

(a) reduce the price at which the patentee sells the medicine in any market in

Canada, to such extent and for such period as is specified in the order;

(b) reduce the price at which the patentee sells one other medicine to which a

patented invention of the patentee pertains in any market in Canada, to such

extent and for such period as is specified in the order; or

(c) pay to Her Majesty in right of Canada an amount specified in the order.

Idem

(3) Subject to subsection (4), where the Board finds that a former patentee of an

invention pertaining to a medicine had, while a patentee, sold the medicine in any

market in Canada at a price that, in the Board’s opinion, was excessive, the Board

may, by order, direct the former patentee to do any one or more of the following

things as will, in the Board’s opinion, offset the amount of the excess revenues

estimated by it to have been derived by the former patentee from the sale of the

medicine at an excessive price:

(a) reduce the price at which the former patentee sells a medicine to which a

patented invention of the former patentee pertains in any market in Canada, to

such extent and for such period as is specified in the order; or

(b) pay to Her Majesty in right of Canada an amount specified in the order.

Where policy to sell at excessive price

(4) Where the Board, having regard to the extent and duration of the sales of the

medicine at an excessive price, is of the opinion that the patentee or former patentee

has engaged in a policy of selling the medicine at an excessive price, the Board may,

by order, in lieu of any order it may make under subsection (2) or (3), as the case

may be, direct the patentee or former patentee to do any one or more of the things

referred to in that subsection as will, in the Board’s opinion, offset not more than

twice the amount of the excess revenues estimated by it to have been derived by the

patentee or former patentee from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price.

Excess revenues

(5) In estimating the amount of excess revenues under subsection (2), (3) or (4), the

Board shall not consider any revenues derived by a patentee or former patentee

before December 20, 1991 or any revenues derived by a former patentee after the

former patentee ceased to be entitled to the benefit of the patent or to exercise any

rights in relation to the patent.

Right to hearing

(6) Before the Board makes an order under this section, it shall provide the patentee

or former patentee with a reasonable opportunity to be heard.

Limitation period

(7) No order may be made under this section in respect of a former patentee who,

more than three years before the day on which the proceedings in the matter

commenced, ceased to be entitled to the benefit of the patent or to exercise any

rights in relation to the patent.

1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1994, c. 26, s. 54(F).

Compliance

84 (1) A patentee or former patentee who is required by any order made under

section 83 to reduce the price of a medicine shall commence compliance with the

order within one month after the date of the order or within such greater period after

that date as the Board determines is practical and reasonable, having regard to the

circumstances of the patentee or former patentee.

Idem

(2) A patentee or former patentee who is directed by any order made under section

83 to pay an amount to Her Majesty shall pay that amount within one month after the

date of the order or within such greater period after that date as the Board

determines is practical and reasonable, having regard to the circumstances of the

patentee or former patentee.

Debt due to Her Majesty

(3) An amount payable by a patentee or former patentee to Her Majesty under any

order made under section 83 constitutes a debt due to Her Majesty and may be

recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Factors to be considered

85 (1) In determining under section 83 whether a medicine is being or has been sold

at an excessive price in any market in Canada, the Board shall take into

consideration the following factors, to the extent that information on the factors is

available to the Board:

(a) the prices at which the medicine has been sold in the relevant market;

(b) the prices at which other medicines in the same therapeutic class have been

sold in the relevant market;

(c) the prices at which the medicine and other medicines in the same therapeutic

class have been sold in countries other than Canada;

(d) changes in the Consumer Price Index; and

(e) such other factors as may be specified in any regulations made for the

purposes of this subsection.

Additional factors

(2) Where, after taking into consideration the factors referred to in subsection (1), the

Board is unable to determine whether the medicine is being or has been sold in any

market in Canada at an excessive price, the Board may take into consideration the

following factors:

(a) the costs of making and marketing the medicine; and

(b) such other factors as may be specified in any regulations made for the

purposes of this subsection or as are, in the opinion of the Board, relevant in the

circumstances.

Research costs

(3) In determining under section 83 whether a medicine is being or has been sold in

any market in Canada at an excessive price, the Board shall not take into

consideration research costs other than the Canadian portion of the world costs

related to the research that led to the invention pertaining to that medicine or to the

development and commercialization of that invention, calculated in proportion to the

ratio of sales by the patentee in Canada of that medicine to total world sales.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Hearings to be public

86 (1) A hearing under section 83 shall be held in public unless the Board is satisfied

on representations made by the person to whom the hearing relates that specific,

direct and substantial harm would be caused to the person by the disclosure of

information or documents at a public hearing, in which case the hearing or any part

thereof may, at the discretion of the Board, be held in private.

Notice of hearing to certain persons

(2) The Board shall give notice to the Minister of Industry or such other Minister as

may be designated by the regulations and to provincial ministers of the Crown

responsible for health of any hearing under section 83, and each of them is entitled

to appear and make representations to the Board with respect to the matter being

heard.

1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1995, c. 1, s. 62.

Information, etc., privileged

87 (1) Subject to subsection (2), any information or document provided to the Board

under section 80, 81 or 82 or in any proceeding under section 83 is privileged, and

no person who has obtained the information or document pursuant to this Act shall,

without the authorization of the person who provided the information or document,

knowingly disclose the information or document or allow it to be disclosed unless it

has been disclosed at a public hearing under section 83.

Disclosure, etc.

(2) Any information or document referred to in subsection (1)

(a) may be disclosed by the Board to any person engaged in the administration of

this Act under the direction of the Board, to the Minister of Industry or such other

Minister as may be designated by the regulations and to the provincial ministers

of the Crown responsible for health and their officials for use only for the purpose

of making representations referred to in subsection 86(2); and

(b) may be used by the Board for the purpose of the report referred to in section

100.

1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1995, c. 1, s. 62.

Sales and Expense Information

Sales and expense information, etc., to be provided

88 (1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in

accordance with the regulations, or as the Board may, by order, require, provide the

Board with such information and documents as the regulations or the order may

specify respecting

(a) the identity of the licensees in Canada of the patentee;

(b) the revenue of the patentee, and details of the source of the revenue, whether

direct or indirect, from sales of medicine in Canada; and

(c) the expenditures made by the patentee in Canada on research and

development relating to medicine.

Additional information, etc.

(2) Where the Board believes on reasonable grounds that any person has

information or documents pertaining to the value of sales of medicine in Canada by a

patentee or the expenditures made by a patentee in Canada on research and

development relating to medicine, the Board may, by order, require the person to

provide the Board with any of the information or documents that are specified in the

order, or with copies thereof.

Compliance with order

(3) A person in respect of whom an order is made under subsection (1) or (2) shall

comply with the order within such time as is specified in the order or as the Board

may allow.

Information, etc., privileged

(4) Subject to section 89, any information or document provided to the Board under

subsection (1) or (2) is privileged, and no person who has obtained the information or

document pursuant to this Act shall, without the authorization of the person who

provided the information or document, knowingly disclose the information or allow it

to be disclosed, except for the purposes of the administration of this Act.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Report

89 (1) The Board shall in each year submit to the Minister a report setting out

(a) the Board’s estimate of the proportion, as a percentage, that the expenditures

of each patentee in Canada in the preceding year on research and development

relating to medicine is of the revenues of those patentees from sales of medicine

in Canada in that year; and

(b) the Board’s estimate of the proportion, as a percentage, that the total of the

expenditures of patentees in Canada in the preceding year on research and

development relating to medicine is of the total of the revenues of those

patentees from sales of medicine in Canada in that year.

Basis of report

(2) The report shall be based on an analysis of information and documents provided

to the Board under subsections 88(1) and (2) and of such other information and

documents relating to the revenues and expenditures referred to in subsection 88(1)

as the Board considers relevant but, subject to subsection (3), shall not be set out in

a manner that would make it possible to identify a person who provided any

information or document under subsection 88(1) or (2).

Exception

(3) The Board shall, in the report, identify the patentees in respect of whom an

estimate referred to in subsection (1) is given in the report, and may, in the report,

identify any person who has failed to comply with subsection 88(1) or (2) at any time

in the year in respect of which the report is made.

Tabling of report

(4) The Minister shall cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of

Parliament on any of the first thirty days on which that House is sitting after the report

is submitted to the Minister.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Inquiries

Inquiries

90 The Board shall inquire into any matter that the Minister refers to the Board for

inquiry and shall report to the Minister at the time and in accordance with the terms

of reference established by the Minister.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Patented Medicine Prices Review Board

Establishment

91 (1) The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board is hereby continued, and shall

consist of not more than five members to be appointed by the Governor in Council.

Tenure

(2) Each member of the Board shall hold office during good behaviour for a period of

five years, but may be removed at any time by the Governor in Council for cause.

Reappointment

(3) A member of the Board, on the expiration of a first term of office, is eligible to be

reappointed for one further term.

Acting after expiration of appointment

(4) A person may continue to act as a member of the Board after the expiration of the

person’s term of appointment in respect of any matter in which the person became

engaged during the term of appointment.

Remuneration and expenses

(5) The members of the Board shall be paid such remuneration as may be fixed by

the Governor in Council and are entitled to be paid reasonable travel and living

expenses incurred by them in the course of their duties under this Act while absent

from their ordinary place of residence.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Advisory panel

92 (1) The Minister may establish an advisory panel to advise the Minister on the

appointment of persons to the Board, which panel shall include representatives of

the provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health, representatives of

consumer groups, representatives of the pharmaceutical industry and such other

persons as the Minister considers appropriate to appoint.

Consultation

(2) The Minister shall consult with an advisory panel established under subsection

(1) for the purpose of making a recommendation to the Governor in Council with

respect to the appointment of a person to the Board.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Chairperson and Vice-chairperson

93 (1) The Governor in Council shall designate one of the members of the Board to

be Chairperson of the Board and one of the members to be Vice-chairperson of the

Board.

Duties of Chairperson

(2) The Chairperson is the chief executive officer of the Board and has supervision

over and direction of the work of the Board, including

(a) the apportionment of the work among the members thereof and the

assignment of members to deal with matters before the Board and to sit at

hearings of the Board and to preside at hearings or other proceedings; and

(b) generally, the conduct of the work of the Board, the management of its

internal affairs and the duties of its staff.

Duties of Vice-chairperson

(3) If the Chairperson is absent or incapacitated or if the office of Chairperson is

vacant, the Vice-chairperson has all the powers and functions of the Chairperson

during the absence, incapacity or vacancy.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Staff

94 (1) Such officers and employees as are necessary for the proper conduct of the

work of the Board shall be appointed in accordance with the Public Service

Employment Act.

Idem

(2) Persons appointed under subsection (1) shall be deemed to be employed in the

public service for the purposes of the Public Service Superannuation Act.

Technical assistance

(3) The Board may engage on a temporary basis the services of persons having

technical or specialized knowledge to advise and assist in the performance of its

duties and, with the approval of the Treasury Board, the Board may fix and pay the

remuneration and expenses of those persons.

1993, c. 2, s. 7; 2003, c. 22, s. 225(E).

Principal office

95 (1) The principal office of the Board shall be in the National Capital Region

described in the schedule to the National Capital Act.

Meetings

(2) The Board may meet at such times and places in Canada as the Chairperson

deems advisable.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

General powers, etc.

96 (1) The Board has, with respect to the attendance, swearing and examination of

witnesses, the production and inspection of documents, the enforcement of its orders

and other matters necessary or proper for the due exercise of its jurisdiction, all such

powers, rights and privileges as are vested in a superior court.

Rules

(2) The Board may, with the approval of the Governor in Council, make general rules

(a) specifying the number of members of the Board that constitutes a quorum in

respect of any matter; and

(b) for regulating the practice and procedure of the Board.

By-laws

(3) The Board may make by-laws for carrying out the work of the Board, the

management of its internal affairs and the duties of its staff.

Guidelines

(4) Subject to subsection (5), the Board may issue guidelines with respect to any

matter within its jurisdiction but such guidelines are not binding on the Board or any

patentee.

Consultation

(5) Before the Board issues any guidelines, it shall consult with the Minister, the

provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health and such representatives of

consumer groups and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry as the Minister

may designate for the purpose.

Non-application of Statutory Instruments Act

(6) The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to guidelines issued under

subsection (4).

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Proceedings

97 (1) All proceedings before the Board shall be dealt with as informally and

expeditiously as the circumstances and considerations of fairness permit.

Differences of opinion among members

(2) In any proceedings before the Board,

(a) in the event of a difference of opinion among the members determining any

question, the opinion of the majority shall prevail; and

(b) in the event of an equally divided opinion among the members determining

any question, the presiding member may determine the question.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Orders

98 (1) The Board may, in any order, direct

(a) that the order or any portion thereof shall come into force at a future time, on

the happening of a contingency, event or condition specified in the order or on the

performance to the satisfaction of the Board, or a person named by it, of any

terms specified in the order; and

(b) that the whole or any portion of the order shall have effect for a limited time or

until the happening of a specified event.

Interim orders, etc.

(2) The Board may make interim orders or reserve further directions for an adjourned

hearing of a matter.

Rescission and variation

(3) The Board may vary or rescind any order made by it and may re-hear any matter.

Certificates

(4) Where any person satisfies the Board that the Board would not have sufficient

grounds to make an order under section 83 in respect of the person, the Board may,

after the person pays any fees required to be paid by the regulations, issue to the

person a certificate to that effect, but no certificate is binding on the Board.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Enforcement of orders

99 (1) Any order of the Board may be made an order of the Federal Court or any

superior court of a province and is enforceable in the same manner as an order of

the court.

Procedure

(2) To make an order of the Board an order of a court, the usual practice and

procedure of the court in such matters may be followed or, in lieu thereof, the Board

may file with the registrar of the court a certified copy of the Board’s order, and

thereupon the order becomes an order of the court.

Effect of variation or rescission

(3) Where an order of the Board that has been made an order of a court is varied or

rescinded by a subsequent order of the Board, the subsequent order of the Board

shall be made an order of the court in the manner described in subsection (1), and

the order of the court shall be deemed to have been varied or rescinded accordingly.

Option to enforce

(4) Nothing in this section prevents the Board from exercising any of its powers

under this Act.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Report of Board

100 (1) The Board shall in each year submit to the Minister a report on its activities

during the preceding year.

Idem

(2) The report shall contain

(a) a summary of pricing trends in the pharmaceutical industry; and

(b) the name of each patentee in respect of whom an order was made under

subsection 80(2) during the year and a statement as to the status of the matter in

respect of which the order was made.

Report summary

(3) The summary referred to in paragraph (2)(a) may be based on information and

documents provided to the Board by any patentee under section 80, 81 or 82 or in

any proceeding under section 83, but shall not be set out in a manner that would

make it possible to identify that patentee.

Tabling of report

(4) The Minister shall cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of

Parliament on any of the first thirty days on which that House is sitting after the report

is submitted to the Minister.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Regulations

Regulations

101 (1) Subject to subsection (2), the Governor in Council may make regulations

(a) specifying the information and documents that shall be provided to the Board

under subsection 80(1) or (2) or 88(1);

(b) respecting the form and manner in which and times at which such information

and documents shall be provided to the Board and imposing conditions

respecting the provision of such information and documents;

(c) specifying a period for the purposes of subsection 80(2);

(d) specifying factors for the purposes of subsection 85(1) or (2), including factors

relating to the introductory price of any medicine to which a patented invention

pertains;

(e) designating a Minister for the purposes of subsection 86(2) or paragraph 87(2)

(a);

(f) defining, for the purposes of sections 88 and 89, the expression research and

development;

(g) requiring fees to be paid before the issue of any certificate referred to in

subsection 98(4) and specifying those fees or the manner of determining those

fees;

(h) requiring or authorizing the Board to perform such duties, in addition to those

provided for in this Act, as are specified in the regulations, including duties to be

performed by the Board in relation to the introductory price of any medicine to

which a patented invention pertains; and

(i) conferring on the Board such powers, in addition to those provided for in this

Act, as will, in the opinion of the Governor in Council, enable the Board to perform

any duties required or authorized to be performed by it by any regulations made

under paragraph (h).

Recommendation

(2) No regulations may be made under paragraph (1)(d), (f), (h) or (i) except on the

recommendation of the Minister, made after the Minister has consulted with the

provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health and with such

representatives of consumer groups and representatives of the pharmaceutical

industry as the Minister considers appropriate.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Meetings with Minister

Meetings with Minister

102 (1) The Minister may at any time convene a meeting of the following persons:

(a) the Chairperson and such members of the Board as the Chairperson may

designate;

(b) the provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health or such

representatives as they may designate;

(c) such representatives of consumer groups and representatives of the

pharmaceutical industry as the Minister may designate; and

(d) such other persons as the Minister considers appropriate.

Agenda

(2) The participants at a meeting convened under subsection (1) shall consider such

matters in relation to the administration or operation of sections 79 to 101 as the

Minister may determine.

1993, c. 2, s. 7.

Agreements with Provinces

Agreements with provinces

103 The Minister may enter into agreements with any province respecting the

distribution of, and may pay to that province out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund,

amounts received or collected by the Receiver General under section 83 or 84 or in

respect of an undertaking given by a patentee or former patentee that is accepted by

the Board in lieu of holding a hearing or making an order under section 83, less any

costs incurred in relation to the collection and distribution of those amounts.

1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1994, c. 26, s. 55(F); 1999, c. 26, s. 50.

Supplementary Protection for Inventions — Medicinal Ingredients

Interpretation

Definitions

104 The following definitions apply in this section and in sections 105 to 134.

authorization for sale has the meaning assigned by regulations. (autorisation de

mise en marché)

drug means a substance or a mixture of substances manufactured, sold or

represented for use in

(a) the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of a disease, disorder or

abnormal physical state, or its symptoms, in human beings or animals; or

(b) restoring, correcting or modifying organic functions in human beings or

animals. (drogue)

Minister means the Minister of Health. (ministre)

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Interpretation

105 (1) For the purposes of this section and sections 106 to 134, if a patent is

reissued under section 47, it is deemed to have been granted on the day on which

the original patent was granted and its application filing date is deemed to be the day

on which the application for the original patent was filed.

Human and veterinary uses

(2) For the purposes of this section and sections 106 to 134, a medicinal ingredient

or combination of medicinal ingredients contained in a drug authorized for human

use and a medicinal ingredient or combination of medicinal ingredients contained in

a drug authorized for veterinary use are to be treated as different medicinal

ingredients or different combinations of medicinal ingredients, as the case may be.

Same medicinal ingredient — human use

(3) If medicinal ingredients contained in drugs authorized for human use differ from

each other only with respect to a prescribed variation, they are to be treated as the

same medicinal ingredient for the purposes of this section and sections 106 to 134.

Same medicinal ingredient — veterinary use

(4) If medicinal ingredients contained in drugs authorized for veterinary use differ

from each other only with respect to a prescribed variation, they are to be treated as

the same medicinal ingredient for the purposes of this section and sections 106 to

134.

Same combination — human use

(5) If combinations of medicinal ingredients contained in drugs authorized for human

use differ from each other only with respect to a variation in the ratio between those

ingredients, they are to be treated as the same combination of medicinal ingredients

for the purposes of this section and sections 106 to 134.

Same combination — veterinary use

(6) If combinations of medicinal ingredients contained in drugs authorized for

veterinary use differ from each other only with respect to a variation in the ratio

between those ingredients, they are to be treated as the same combination of

medicinal ingredients for the purposes of this section and sections 106 to 134.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Application for Certificate of Supplementary Protection

Application

106 (1) On the payment of the prescribed fee, a patentee may apply to the Minister

for a certificate of supplementary protection for a patented invention if all of the

following conditions are met:

(a) the patent is not void and it meets any prescribed requirements;

(b) the filing date for the application for the patent is on or after October 1, 1989;

(c) the patent pertains in the prescribed manner to a medicinal ingredient, or

combination of medicinal ingredients, contained in a drug for which an

authorization for sale of the prescribed kind was issued on or after the day on

which this section comes into force;

(d) the authorization for sale is the first authorization for sale that has been issued

with respect to the medicinal ingredient or the combination of medicinal

ingredients, as the case may be;

(e) no other certificate of supplementary protection has been issued with respect

to the medicinal ingredient or the combination of medicinal ingredients, as the

case may be;

(f) if an application for a marketing approval, equivalent to an authorization for

sale, was submitted in a prescribed country with respect to the medicinal

ingredient or combination of medicinal ingredients, as the case may be, before

the application for the authorization for sale was filed with the Minister, the

application for the authorization for sale was filed before the end of the prescribed

period that begins on the day on which the first such application for a marketing

approval was submitted.

Issuance — paragraph (1)(e)

(2) Another certificate of supplementary protection is considered to have been issued

for the purposes of paragraph (1)(e) even if that other certificate is subsequently held

to be invalid or void or it never takes effect or ceases to have effect.

When application to be filed

(3) An application for a certificate of supplementary protection shall be filed with the

Minister before the end of the prescribed period that begins on

(a) the day on which the authorization for sale is issued, if the patent is granted

on or before that day; or

(b) the day on which the patent is granted, if the patent is granted after the day on

which the authorization for sale is issued.

Exception

(4) Despite subsection (3), no application shall be filed within the prescribed period

preceding the expiry of the term of the patent under section 44 without taking into

account section 46.

Contents of application

(5) An application for a certificate of supplementary protection shall

(a) set out the number, as recorded in the Patent Office, of the patent — as well

as the medicinal ingredient or combination of medicinal ingredients and the

number of the authorization for sale — in relation to which the certificate is

sought;

(b) if paragraph (1)(f) applies with respect to the application, specify the day on

which the first application for a marketing approval that is equivalent to an

authorization for sale was made and the country in which that application was

made; and

(c) set out any prescribed information.

One patent per application

(6) Each application is permitted to set out only one patent.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Information to be provided

107 (1) An applicant shall provide the Minister with any additional information that the

Minister considers necessary.

Refusal

(2) Whenever the Minister is satisfied that any of the requirements set out in section

106 are not met with respect to an application for a certificate of supplementary

protection, the Minister may refuse the application. The Minister shall notify the

applicant of a refusal and of the grounds for it.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Order of priority — same authorization for sale

108 (1) Subsections (2) to (4) apply in determining the priority of applications for a

certificate of supplementary protection that set out the same authorization for sale.

Patents granted on or before authorization for sale

(2) An application setting out a patent that was granted on or before the day on

which the authorization for sale was issued has the same priority as every other such

application.

Priority over patents granted after authorization for sale

(3) An application setting out a patent that was granted on or before the day on

which the authorization for sale was issued has priority over an application setting

out a patent that is granted after that date.

Patents granted after authorization for sale — priority

(4) Priority among applications setting out patents that were granted after the day on

which the authorization for sale was issued is established according to the date on

which the patent was granted, with an earlier date having priority over a later date

and patents granted on the same date having the same priority.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Applications with same authorization for sale and priority

109 If two or more pending applications set out the same authorization for sale and

have the same priority, the Minister shall provide each applicant with a written notice

setting out the name and contact information of all the applicants, as well as the

number, as recorded in the Patent Office, of the patent set out in each application.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Declaration of non-compliance

110 (1) A pending application for a certificate of supplementary protection may be

declared invalid or void by the Federal Court for non-compliance with section 106 at

the instance of another applicant whose application for a certificate sets out the

same authorization for sale and the same priority.

Limitation

(2) A proceeding to obtain a declaration under subsection (1) shall be commenced

before the end of the prescribed period that begins on the day that is specified by the

Minister in the written notice sent under section 109.

Copy to Minister

(3) Anyone who commences such a proceeding, or an appeal or application for leave

to appeal with respect to such a proceeding, shall provide the Minister with a copy of

(a) any document that commences the proceeding, appeal or application,

immediately after the document is filed with the court; and

(b) any document that marks the end of the proceeding, appeal or application,

immediately after the document is issued by or filed with the court.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Expiry of pending applications

111 (1) If two or more applications that set out the same authorization for sale and

have the same priority are still pending at the end of the prescribed period that

begins on the day specified in the written notice sent under section 109, all of those

applications expire at that end of that period. However, if any proceedings are

brought under section 110 with respect to any of those applications, all of those

applications — if two or more are still pending — expire at the end of the prescribed

period that begins on the day on which the last of any of the proceedings to be

completed is finally disposed of.

Expiry of application with lower priority

(2) A pending application that sets out the same authorization for sale as another

application of higher priority expires on the day on which the Minister issues a

certificate of supplementary protection in respect of that other application.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Withdrawal

112 An applicant for a certificate of supplementary protection may withdraw their

application in accordance with the regulations.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Certificate of Supplementary Protection

Issue of certificate

113 The Minister shall issue, to the patentee, a certificate of supplementary

protection for the patented invention set out in the patentee’s application if, on the

day of issuance,

(a) the Minister is satisfied that all requirements set out in section 106 are met;

(b) the applicable period referred to in subsection 106(3) for filing the application

has ended;

(c) there is no other pending application that sets out the same authorization for

sale and that has priority over, or the same priority as, the application; and

(d) any court proceedings, brought under section 110 with respect to the

application or to another pending application that sets out the same authorization

for sale and that has priority over, or the same priority as, the application, have

been finally disposed of.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Contents of certificate

114 A certificate of supplementary protection shall set out

(a) the number, as recorded in the Patent Office, of the patent set out in the

application;

(b) the medicinal ingredient or combination of medicinal ingredients set out in the

application;

(c) a statement as to whether the certificate relates to use in humans or to

veterinary use;

(d) the number of the authorization for sale set out in the application; and

(e) the day on which the certificate’s term begins and the day on which the term

ends, as determined under section 116.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Scope of supplementary protection

115 (1) The issuance of a certificate of supplementary protection grants the

certificate’s holder and their legal representatives, during the certificate’s term, the

same rights, privileges and liberties that are granted by the patent set out in the

certificate, but only with respect to the making, constructing, using and selling of any

drug that contains the medicinal ingredient, or combination of medicinal ingredients,

set out in the certificate, by itself or in addition to any other medicinal ingredient.

No infringement — export

(2) Despite subsection (1), it is not an infringement of the certificate of supplementary

protection for any person to make, construct, use or sell the medicinal ingredient or

combination of medicinal ingredients for the purpose of export from Canada.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Validity

116 (1) After the certificate is issued, it shall, in the absence of any evidence to the

contrary, be valid and avail the holder and the holder’s legal representatives for its

term.

Taking effect

(2) A certificate of supplementary protection takes effect on the expiry of the term

under section 44, without taking into account section 46, of the patent set out in the

certificate, but the certificate takes effect only if the patent remains valid until, and not

void before, the expiry of that term.

Calculation of term

(3) The certificate’s term is calculated by subtracting five years from the period

beginning on the filing date of the application for the patent and ending on the day on

which the authorization for sale set out in the certificate is issued, but in any event is

for a maximum of two years.

Reduction in period

(4) Despite subsection (3), if the person to whom the authorization for sale set out in

the certificate is issued is also the patentee, the Minister may, if he or she is of the

opinion that that person’s failure to act resulted in a period of unjustified delay in the

process of obtaining the authorization for sale, reduce the term of the certificate

when issuing it by the amount of that period.

Never takes effect

(5) A certificate of supplementary protection that has been issued never takes effect

if the calculation of its term, including any reduction under subsection (3), produces a

result of zero or a negative value.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Revocation of certificate

117 The Minister shall revoke a certificate of supplementary protection in the

prescribed circumstances.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Transfer

Transfer of patent

118 (1) A certificate of supplementary protection, or an application for one, is not

transferable other than by the transfer of the patent, or part of the patent, that is set

out in the certificate or application.

Whole of patent

(2) If the whole of the patent is transferred, the certificate or application is transferred

accordingly.

Part of patent

(3) If part of the patent is transferred, any part of the certificate or application —

including, as the case may be, the whole of it — that corresponds to the transferred

part of the patent is transferred accordingly.

For greater certainty

(4) For greater certainty, the transfer of part of an application for a certificate of

supplementary protection does not result in its division into more than one

application.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Administrative Matters

Applications, fees and documents

119 Applications, fees and documents relating to certificates of supplementary

protection shall be submitted to the Minister.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Inspection by public

120 (1) The Minister shall ensure that the prescribed contents of all certificates of

supplementary protection and applications for a certificate are made available for

public inspection under the conditions that may be prescribed.

Non-application

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply with respect to the contents of applications for a

certificate that are refused, declared invalid or void, expired or withdrawn.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Copy in case of loss or destruction

121 The Minister may issue a certified copy of a certificate of supplementary

protection to replace one that is lost or destroyed.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Issuance of patent under section 47

122 (1) If a patent set out in a certificate of supplementary protection or in a pending

application for such a certificate is surrendered, and a new patent is issued, under

section 47, the holder of the certificate or the applicant shall, before the end of the

prescribed period that begins on the day on which the new patent is issued, provide

the Minister with written notice of the number, as recorded in the Patent Office, of the

new patent to which the certificate or application relates.

One patent

(2) If more than one new patent is issued under section 47, the holder of the

certificate or the applicant shall provide the number for only one of the new patents.

New certificate

(3) If notice is provided under subsection (1) by a holder of a certificate, the Minister

shall issue a new certificate of supplementary protection, setting out the new patent

number, to replace the original certificate. The new certificate’s term is the then

unexpired term of the original certificate.

Effect of new certificate

(4) The new certificate is deemed to have been issued on the day on which the new

patent is issued. The original certificate and the new certificate have the same effect

in law, in any action commenced after the issuance of the new certificate for any

cause accruing after that issuance, as if the new patent had been set out in the

original certificate; however, insofar as the claims of the new patent and the original

patent are identical, the issuance of the new certificate does not affect any action

pending at the time of the issuance of the new certificate or abate any cause of

action that existed at that time and the new certificate constitutes a continuation of

the original certificate and has effect accordingly.

Application

(5) If notice is provided under subsection (1) by an applicant for a pending

application, the Minister shall

(a) amend the application to set out the new patent number; and

(b) provide written notice of the amendment to any other applicant referred to in

section 109 with respect to the application.

Effect of amendment to application

(6) The amended application has the same effect, for the purposes of sections 106 to

113, as if the pending application had been originally filed in its amended form.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Use of Certificates of Supplementary Protection by Government

Application

123 Sections 19 to 19.2 apply with respect to certificates of supplementary

protection, with

(a) any reference to “patented invention” to be read, with any grammatical

adaptations, as a reference to “invention protected by a certificate of

supplementary protection”; and

(b) any reference to “patentee” to be read as a reference to “holder of the

certificate of supplementary protection”.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Legal Proceedings in Respect of Certificates of Supplementary Protection

Admissible in evidence

123.1 A written communication, or any part of such a communication, that is

admissible under section 53.1 in respect of a patent set out in a certificate of

supplementary protection may be admitted into evidence to any action or proceeding

respecting the certificate of supplementary protection to rebut any representation

made by the holder of the certificate of supplementary protection in the action or

proceeding as to the construction of a claim in the patent set out in the certificate of

supplementary protection.

2018, c. 27, s. 197.

Infringement and Impeachment

Action for infringement

124 (1) An action for the infringement of a certificate of supplementary protection

may be brought in the same manner as an action for the infringement of a patent,

and the following provisions apply to the action:

(a) sections 54, 57 and 59, with any reference to “patent” to be read as a

reference to “certificate of supplementary protection”;

(b) subsection 55(1), and subsection 55(3) as it applies to that subsection (1),

with any reference to “patent” to be read as a reference to “certificate of

supplementary protection”, any reference to “patentee” to be read as a reference

to “holder of the certificate of supplementary protection” and any reference to

“grant” to be read as a reference to “taking of effect”;

(c) section 55.01;

(d) section 55.1, with any reference to “patent” to be read as a reference to

“certificate of supplementary protection” and any reference to “patented process”

to be read as a reference to “process protected by the certificate of

supplementary protection”;

(e) subsections 55.2(1) and (6), with any reference to “patent” to be read as a

reference to “certificate of supplementary protection” and any reference to

“patented invention” to be read as a reference to “invention protected by the

certificate of supplementary protection”;

(f) subsection 55.3(1), with any reference to “patent” to be read as a reference to

“certificate of supplementary protection”;

(g) section 58, with the reference to “a patent that contains two or more claims” to

be read as a reference to a “two or more claims in a patent that is set out in a

certificate of supplementary protection” and with the reference to “the patent as if

it” to be read as a reference to “the certificate as if the patent set out in it”.

Regulations — subsection 55.2(4)

(2) The Governor in Council may make regulations respecting the infringement of

any certificate of supplementary protection that, directly or indirectly, could result or

results from the making, construction, use or sale of a patented invention or invention

protected by a certificate of supplementary protection in accordance with subsection

55.2(1), including regulations described in paragraphs 55.2(4)(a) to (k), with

(a) any reference in those paragraphs to a “patent” to be read as a reference to a

“certificate of supplementary protection”; and

(b) the reference in paragraph 55.2(4)(k) to “subsection 60(1)” to be read as a

reference to “subsection 125(1)”.

Inconsistency or conflict

(3) In the event of an inconsistency or conflict between regulations made under

subsection (2) and any Act of Parliament or regulations made under such an Act, the

regulations made under subsection (2) prevail to the extent of the inconsistency or

conflict.

2017, c. 6, s. 59; 2018, c. 27, s. 198.

Impeachment

125 (1) A certificate of supplementary protection, or any claim in the patent set out in

such a certificate, may be declared invalid or void — including on the basis that the

certificate was issued despite non-compliance with any of the requirements, as they

existed at the time that the certificate was issued, of subsection 106(1) or that the

patent set out in the certificate no longer complies with the requirements, as they

existed at that time, set out in paragraph 106(1)(c) — by the Federal Court at the

instance of the Attorney General of Canada or any interested person.

Application

(2) Subsections 60(2) and (3) apply with respect to a certificate of supplementary

protection, with any reference to “patentee” to be read as a reference to “holder of a

certificate of supplementary protection” and any reference to “patent” to be read as a

reference to “certificate of supplementary protection”.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Judgment voiding certificate or claim

126 (1) A certificate of supplementary protection, or a claim in the patent set out in

such a certificate, that is voided by a judgment shall be and be held to have been

void and of no effect, unless the judgment is reversed on appeal as provided in

subsection (2).

Appeal

(2) Every judgment voiding a certificate of supplementary protection or any claim in

the patent set out in such a certificate, and every judgment refusing to do so, is

subject to appeal to any court having appellate jurisdiction in other cases decided by

the court by which the judgment was rendered.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Abuse of Rights

Abuse of patent rights

127 (1) The Commissioner may, in respect of application under section 65, exercise

any of the powers under any of paragraphs 66(1)(a), (d) and (e) with respect to an

issued certificate of supplementary protection if he or she is satisfied that a case of

abuse of the exclusive rights under the patent that is set out in the certificate has

been established.

Abuse — application to Commissioner

(2) The Attorney General of Canada or an interested person may, at any time after a

certificate of supplementary protection takes effect and after the expiry of three years

from the date of the grant of the patent set out in the certificate, apply to the

Commissioner alleging that there has been an abuse of the exclusive rights granted

under a certificate of supplementary protection issued with respect to that patent and

asking for relief under this Act.

What amounts to abuse

(3) The exclusive rights under a certificate of supplementary protection are abused in

any of the following circumstances:

(a) the demand in Canada for a drug that contains the medicinal ingredient or a

combination of the medicinal ingredients set out in the certificate is not being met

to an adequate extent and on reasonable terms;

(b) by reason of the refusal of the certificate’s holder to grant a licence or licences

on reasonable terms, the trade or industry of Canada or the trade of any person

or class of persons trading in Canada, or the establishment of any new trade or

industry in Canada, is prejudiced, and it is in the public interest that a licence or

licences should be granted;

(c) any trade or industry in Canada, or any person or class of persons engaged in

such a trade or industry, is unfairly prejudiced by the conditions attached by the

certificate’s holder to the purchase, hire, licence, use or working of the invention

protected by the certificate.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Provisions that apply

128 Sections 66 to 71, other than paragraph 66(1)(c), apply for the purposes of

section 127, with

(a) any reference to “patent”, other than with respect to the Patent Office, to be

read as a reference to “certificate of supplementary protection”;

(b) any reference to “patentee” to be read as a reference to “holder of the

certificate of supplementary protection”;

(c) any reference in paragraphs 66(1)(d) and (e) and subsection 68(1) to “section

65” to be read as a reference to “section 127”;

(d) any reference in subsection 69(1) or section 71 to “sections 65 to 70” to be

read as a reference to “sections 66 to 70 and 127”; and

(e) the reference in subsection 69(3) to “the Minister” to be read as a reference to

“the Minister of Industry”.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

General

Electronic form and means

129 (1) Subject to the regulations, any document, information or fee that is submitted

to the Minister under this Act may be submitted in any electronic form, and by any

electronic means, that is specified by the Minister.

Collection, storage, etc.

(2) Subject to the regulations, the Minister may use electronic means to create,

collect, receive, store, transfer, distribute, publish, certify or otherwise deal with

documents or information under sections 106 to 134.

Definition

(3) In this section, electronic, in reference to a form or means, includes optical,

magnetic and other similar forms or means.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Certified copies as evidence

130 In any action or proceeding respecting a certificate of supplementary protection

authorized to be had or taken in Canada under this Act, a copy purporting to be

certified by the Minister of any such certificate, or of any other document that is made

by or filed with the Minister and is connected to such a certificate, may be produced

before the court or other tribunal, or a judge or member of the court or tribunal, and

the copy purporting to be so certified may be admitted in evidence without production

of the original and without proof of the Minister’s certification.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Costs of proceedings

131 In all proceedings before any court under this Act, including, for greater

certainty, an application for judicial review of a decision of the Minister under this Act,

the costs of the Minister are in the discretion of the court, but the Minister shall not be

ordered to pay the costs of any other of the parties.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Time limit deemed extended

132 (1) If any time period fixed under any of sections 106 to 134 in respect of

dealings with the Minister ends on a prescribed day or a day that is designated by

the Minister, that time period is extended to the next day that is not a prescribed day

or a designated day.

Power to designate day

(2) The Minister may, on account of unforeseen circumstances and if the Minister is

satisfied that it is in the public interest to do so, designate any day for the purposes

of subsection (1). If a day is designated, the Minister shall inform the public of that

fact on the Department of Health’s website.

2017, c. 6, s. 59.

Service Fees Act

133 The Service Fees Act does not apply in respect of the fees referred to in section

106 or 134.

2017, c. 6, s. 59, c. 20, s. 455.

Regulations

134 (1) The Governor in Council may make rules or regulations

(a) defining the term authorization for sale;

(b) respecting the form and contents of applications for certificates of

supplementary protection;

(c) respecting the processing of such applications;

(d) respecting the determination of when, for the purpose of paragraph 106(1)(f),

an application for an authorization for sale was filed and, for the purpose of

subsection 106(3), an application for a certificate of supplementary protection is

filed;

(e) prescribing the fees or the manner of determining the fees that may be

charged in respect of the filing of applications for certificates of supplementary

protection, the issuance of such certificates or the taking of other proceedings

under sections 106 to 133 or under any rule or regulation made under this

section, or in respect of any services or the use of any facilities provided by the

Minister under those sections or such a rule or regulation;

(f) respecting the circumstances in which any patentee or holder of a certificate of

supplementary protection may or must be represented by another person in

respect of a certificate of supplementary protection or an application for such a

certificate;

(g) respecting the submission, including in electronic form and by electronic

means, of documents and information to the Minister, including the time at which

they are deemed to be received by the Minister;

(h) respecting the use of electronic means for the purposes of subsection 129(2),

including requiring the use of those electronic means;

(i) respecting the withdrawal of an application for a certificate of supplementary

protection;

(j) respecting communications between the Minister and any other person;

(k) respecting the correction of obvious errors in documents submitted to the

Minister, in certificates of supplementary protection or in other documents issued

under sections 106 to 133, including

(i) the determination by the Minister of what constitutes an obvious error, and

(ii) the effect of the correction; and

(l) generally, for carrying into effect the objects and purposes of sections 104 to

133 or for ensuring their due administration by the Minister.

For greater certainty

(2) For greater certainty, the Governor in Council may make rules or regulations

under paragraphs 12(1)(d), (g), (h) and (k) for the purposes of this section and

sections 104 to 133.

2017, c. 6, s. 59; 2018, c. 27, s. 199(E).

SCHEDULE 1

(Definition “pharmaceutical product” in section 21.02 and paragraph 21.03(1) (a))

abacavir (ABC) tablet, 300 mg (as sulfate); oral solution, 100 mg (as sulfate)/5 mL

abacavir + lamivudine + tablet, 300 mg (as sulfate) + 150 mg + 300 mg

zidovudine

aciclovir tablet, 200 mg; powder for injection, 250 mg (as sodium salt) in vial

amphotericin B powder for injection, 50 mg in vial

amprenavir tablet, 150 mg; capsule, 50 mg or 150 mg; oral solution, 15 mg/mL

azithromycin capsule, 250 mg or 500 mg; suspension, 200 mg/5 mL

beclometasone inhalation (aerosol), 50 micrograms per dose (dipropionate) or 250

micrograms (dipropionate) per dose

ceftazidime powder for injection, 250 mg (as pentahydrate) in vial

ceftriaxone injection, 500 mg (as sodium); powder for injection, 250 mg (as sodium salt)

in vial

ciclosporin capsule, 25 mg; concentrate for injection, 50 mg/mL in 1-mL ampoule (for

organ transplantation)

ciprofloxacin tablet, 250 mg (as hydrochloride)

ciprofloxacin tablet, 250 mg or 500 mg

daunorubicin powder for injection, 50 mg (as hydrochloride) in vial

delavirdine capsule or tablet, 100 mg (as mesylate)

didanosine (ddI) buffered chewable, dispersible tablet, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200

mg; buffered powder for oral solution, 100 mg, 167 mg, 250 mg, packets;

unbuffered enteric coated capsule, 125 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 400 mg

diphtheria antitoxin injection, 10 000 IU or 20 000 IU in vial

doxorubicin

efavirenz (EFV or EFZ)

efavirenz + emtricitabine +

tenofovir disoproxil

eflornithine

emtricitabine + tenofovir

disoproxil

diphtheria vaccine

enalapril

erythromycin

etoposide

factor IX (complex

coagulation factors II, VII,

IX, X) concentrate

hepatitis B vaccine

ibuprofen

indinavir (IDV)

insulin injection (soluble)

intermediate-acting insulin

isoniazid + pyrazinamide +

rifampin

ivermectin

lamivudine (3TC)

lamivudine + nevirapine +

zidovudine

lamivudine + zidovudine

levodopa + carbidopa

levofloxacin

lithium carbonate

lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r)

metoclopramide

metronidazole

morphine

nelfinavir (NFV)

nevirapine (NVP)

powder for injection, 10 mg or 50 mg (hydrochloride) in vial

capsule, 50 mg, 100 mg or 200 mg; oral solution, 150 mg/5 mL

tablet, 600 mg + 200 mg + 300 mg

injection, 200 mg (hydrochloride)/mL in 100-mL bottles

tablet, 200 mg + 300 mg

tablet, 2.5 mg

capsule or tablet, 250 mg (as stearate or ethyl succinate); powder for oral

suspension, 125 mg (as stearate or ethyl succinate); powder for injection,

500 mg (as lactobionate) in vial

capsule, 100 mg; injection, 20 mg/mL in 5-mL ampoule

dried

tablet, 200 mg or 400 mg

capsule, 200 mg, 333 mg or 400 mg (as sulfate)

injection, 40 IU/mL in 10-mL vial or 100 IU/mL in 10-mL vial

injection, 40 IU/mL in 10-mL vial; 100 IU/mL in 10-mL vial (as compound

insulin zinc suspension or isophane insulin)

tablet, 50 mg + 300 mg + 120 mg

scored tablet, 3 mg or 6 mg

capsule or tablet, 150 mg; oral solution 50 mg/5 mL

tablet, 150 mg + 200 mg + 300 mg

tablet, 150 mg + 300 mg

tablet, 100 mg + 10 mg or 250 mg + 25 mg

tablet, 250 mg or 500 mg

capsule or tablet, 300 mg

capsule, 133.3 mg + 33.3 mg; oral solution, 400 mg + 100 mg/5 mL

tablet, 10 mg (hydrochloride); injection, 5 mg (hydrochloride)/mL in 2-mL

ampoule

tablet, 250 mg or 500 mg; injection, 500 mg in 100-mL vial; suppository, 500

mg or 1 g; oral suspension, 200 mg (as benzoate)/5 mL

injection, 10 mg in 1-mL ampoule (sulfate or hydrochloride); oral solution, 10

mg (hydrochloride or sulfate)/5 mL; tablet, 10 mg (sulfate)

tablet, 250 mg (as mesilate); oral powder, 50 mg/g

tablet, 200 mg; oral suspension, 50 mg/5 mL

nifedipine sustained release formulations, tablet, 10 mg

nitrofurantoin tablet, 100 mg

ofloxacin tablet, 200 mg or 400 mg

oseltamivir phosphate capsule, 75 mg; powder for oral suspension, 12 mg/mL

potassium chloride powder for solution

ranitidine tablet, 150 mg (as hydrochloride); oral solution, 75 mg/5 mL; injection, 25

mg/mL in 2-mL ampoule

ritonavir capsule, 100 mg; oral solution, 400 mg/5 mL

salbutamol tablet, 2 mg or 4 mg (as sulfate); inhalation (aerosol), 100 micrograms (as

sulfate) per dose; syrup, 2 mg/5 mL; injection, 50 micrograms (as sulfate)/mL

in 5-mL ampoule; respirator solution for use in nebulizers, 5 mg (as

sulfate)/mL

saquinavir (SQV) capsule, 200 mg

stavudine (d4T) capsule, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg or 40 mg; powder for oral solution, 5 mg/5 mL

tenofovir disoproxil tablet, 300 mg

testosterone injection, 200 mg (enantate) in 1-mL ampoule

timolol solution (eye drops), 0.25% or 0.5% (as maleate)

verapamil tablet, 40 mg or 80 mg (hydrochloride); injection, 2.5 mg (hydrochloride)/mL

in 2-mL ampoule

zalcitabine capsule or tablet, 0.375 mg or 0.750 mg

zidovudine (ZDV or AZT) tablet, 300 mg; capsule, 100 mg or 250 mg; oral solution or syrup, 50 mg/5

mL; solution for IV infusion injection, 10 mg/mL in 20-mL vial

2004, c. 23, Sch. 1; SOR/2005-276; SOR/2006-204; SOR/2015-154.

SCHEDULE 2

(Paragraph 21.03(1)(b))

Afghanistan

Afghanistan

Angola

Angola

Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Benin

Bénin

Bhutan

Bhoutan

Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Burundi

Cambodia

Cambodge

Cape Verde

Cap-Vert

Central African Republic

République centrafricaine

Chad

Tchad

Comoros

Comores

Democratic Republic of the Congo

République démocratique du Congo

Djibouti

Djibouti

Equatorial Guinea

Guinée équatoriale

Eritrea

Érythrée

Ethiopia

Éthiopie

Gambia

Gambie

Guinea

Guinée

Guinea-Bissau

Guinée-Bissau

Haiti

Haïti

Kiribati

Kiribati

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

République démocratique populaire lao

Lesotho

Lesotho

Liberia

Libéria

Madagascar

Madagascar

Malawi

Malawi

Maldives

Maldives

Mali

Mali

Mauritania

Mauritanie

Mozambique

Mozambique

Myanmar

Myanmar

Nepal

Népal

Niger

Niger

Rwanda

Rwanda

Samoa

Samoa

Sao Tome and Principe

Sao Tomé-et-Principe

Senegal

Sénégal

Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone

Solomon Islands

Îles Salomon

Somalia

Somalie

Sudan

Soudan

Timor-Leste

Timor-Leste

Togo

Togo

Tuvalu

Tuvalu

Uganda

Ouganda

United Republic of Tanzania

République-Unie de Tanzanie

Vanuatu

Vanuatu

Yemen

Yémen

Zambia

Zambie

2004, c. 23, Sch. 2.

SCHEDULE 3

(Paragraph 21.03(1)(c))

Albania

Albanie

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua-et-Barbuda

Argentina

Argentine

Armenia

Arménie

Bahrain, Kingdom of

Bahreïn, Royaume de

Barbados

Barbade

Belize

Belize

Bolivia

Bolivie

Botswana

Botswana

Brazil

Brésil

Brunei Darussalam

Brunéi Darussalam

Bulgaria

Bulgarie

Cameroon

Cameroun

Chile

Chili

China

Chine

Colombia

Colombie

Congo

Congo

Costa Rica

Costa Rica

Côte d’Ivoire

Côte d’Ivoire

Croatia

Croatie

Cuba

Cuba

Dominica

Dominique

Dominican Republic

République dominicaine

Ecuador

Équateur

Egypt

Égypte

El Salvador

El Salvador

Fiji

Fidji

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Ex-République yougoslave de Macédoine

Gabon

Gabon

Georgia

Géorgie

Ghana

Ghana

Grenada

Grenade

Guatemala

Guatemala

Guyana

Guyana

Honduras

Honduras

India

Inde

Indonesia

Indonésie

Jamaica

Jamaïque

Jordan

Jordanie

Kenya

Kenya

Kyrgyz Republic

République kirghize

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein

Malaysia

Malaisie

Mauritius

Maurice

Moldova

Moldova

Mongolia

Mongolie

Morocco

Maroc

Namibia

Namibie

Nicaragua

Nicaragua

Nigeria

Nigéria

Oman

Oman

Pakistan

Pakistan

Panama

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée

Paraguay

Paraguay

Peru

Pérou

Philippines

Philippines

Romania

Roumanie

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis

Saint Lucia

Sainte-Lucie

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines

South Africa

Afrique du Sud

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka

Suriname

Suriname

Swaziland

Swaziland

Thailand

Thaïlande

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinité-et-Tobago

Tunisia

Tunisie

Uruguay

Uruguay

Venezuela

Venezuela

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

2004, c. 23, Sch. 3.

SCHEDULE 4

(Paragraph 21.03(1)(d))

Cyprus

Chypre

Czech Republic

République tchèque

Estonia

Estonie

Hong Kong, China

Hong Kong, Chine

Hungary

Hongrie

Israel

Israël

Korea

Corée

Kuwait

Koweït

Latvia

Lettonie

Lithuania

Lituanie

Macao, China

Macao, Chine

Malta

Malte

Mexico

Mexique

Poland

Pologne

Qatar

Qatar

Singapore

Singapour

Slovak Republic

République slovaque

Slovenia

Slovénie

Chinese Taipei

Taipei chinois

Turkey

Turquie

United Arab Emirates

Émirats arabes unis

2004, c. 23, Sch. 4.

RELATED PROVISIONS

— R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 31, as amended by 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F) (Sch. VIII,

item 22)

Payments to provinces

31 (1) The Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs shall pay to each province for each

of the fiscal years commencing in the period April 1, 1987 to March 31, 1991, for the

purpose of research and development relating to medicine, an amount equal to the

product obtained by multiplying

(a) the quotient obtained by dividing

(i) twenty-five million dollars

by

(ii) the total population of all provinces for the fiscal year in respect of which the

payment is made,

by

(b) the population of the province for the fiscal year in respect of which the payment is

made.

Time and manner of payment

(2) Payment of any amount under this section shall be made out of the Consolidated

Revenue Fund at such times and in such manner as the Governor in Council may, by

regulation, prescribe.

Determination of population

(3) For the purposes of this section, the population of a province for a fiscal year shall be

the population of that province on June 1 of that year as determined and published by the

Chief Statistician of Canada.

— R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 32, as amended by 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F) (Sch. VIII,

item 22)

Prohibition

32 (1) Notwithstanding anything in section 39 of the Patent Act or in any licence granted

under that section, no person shall, under a licence granted prior to March 28, 1989 under

that section in respect of a patent pertaining to the medicine Diltiazem hydrochloride, have

or exercise any right to

(a) import Diltiazem hydrochloride, if it is to be sold for consumption in Canada; or

(b) make Diltiazem hydrochloride for sale for consumption in Canada.

Duration of prohibition

(2) The prohibition under subsection (1) expires on March 28, 1989.

Actions and proceedings barred

(3) No action or proceedings for any compensation or damages lie against Her Majesty in

right of Canada as a result of the application of subsection (1) to a licence referred to in

that subsection.

— 1993, c. 2, s. 9

Definitions

9 In this section and sections 10 to 13,

commencement day means the day on which section 3 of this Act comes into force;

(date d’entrée en vigueur)

former Act means the Patent Act, as it read immediately before the commencement day.

(loi antérieure)

— 1993, c. 2, s. 10

Pending proceedings

10 Any proceeding pending before the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board

immediately before the commencement day shall be taken up and continued under and in

accordance with sections 79 to 101 of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 7 of this Act,

as if the proceeding had been commenced on or after that day.

— 1993, c. 2, s. 11

Licences continued

11 (1) A licence that has been granted under section 39 of the former Act before

December 20, 1991 and that has not been terminated before the commencement day shall

continue in effect according to its terms and, subject to subsection (2), sections 39 to

39.14 of the former Act shall continue to apply in respect of that licence as if they had not

been repealed by section 3 of this Act.

Exception

(2) For the purposes of applying sections 39 to 39.14 of the former Act in respect of a

licence continued by subsection (1), the prohibitions set out in subsections 39.11(1) and

39.14(1) of the former Act do not apply in respect of any medicine or medicines in respect

of which an order has been made under paragraph 39.15(3)(d) of the former Act, if that

order is in force immediately before the commencement day.

— 1993, c. 2, s. 12

Licences ceasing to have effect

12 (1) Every licence granted under section 39 of the former Act on or after December 20,

1991 shall cease to have effect on the expiration of the day preceding the commencement

day, and all rights or privileges acquired or accrued under that licence or under the former

Act in relation to that licence shall thereupon be extinguished.

Actions for infringement barred

(2) For greater certainty, no action for infringement of a patent lies under the Patent Act in

respect of any act that is done before the commencement day under a licence referred to

in subsection (1) in accordance with the terms of that licence and sections 39 to 39.17 of

the former Act.

— 1993, c. 2, s. 13

Actions and proceedings barred

13 No action or proceeding for any compensation or damages lies against Her Majesty in

right of Canada in respect of any direct or indirect consequence resulting from the

application of section 11 or 12 or the repeal of sections 39 to 39.17 of the former Act.

— 1993, c. 2, s. 14

Review of certain sections

14 (1) On the expiration of four years after this Act is assented to, the provisions of the

Patent Act enacted by this Act shall be referred to such committee of the House of

Commons, of the Senate or of both Houses of Parliament as may be designated or

established for the purpose of the review referred to in subsection (2).

Idem

(2) The committee shall undertake a comprehensive review of the provisions of the Patent

Act enacted by this Act and shall, within one year after the review is undertaken or within

such further time as the House or Houses that designated or established the committee

may authorize, submit a report thereon, including such recommendations as the

committee may wish to make pertaining to those provisions.

— 1993, c. 44, s. 191(2)

No liability

191 (2) Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province is not, by reason only of the

enactment of subsection (1), liable for any use of a patented invention before the day on

which subsection (1) comes into force.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 200

Section 52.1 of Patent Act

200 Section 52.1 of the Patent Act applies in respect of any action or proceeding that has

not been finally disposed of on the coming into force of that section.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 201

Sections 53.1 and 123.1 of Patent Act

201 Sections 53.1 and 123.1 of the Patent Act apply in respect of any action or proceeding

that has not been finally disposed of on the coming into force of that section 53.1.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 202

Section 55.3 of Patent Act

202 Section 55.3 and paragraph 124(1)(f) of the Patent Act apply in respect of any action

or proceeding that has not been finally disposed of on the coming into force of that section

55.3.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 203

Section 56 of Patent Act

203 (1) Section 56 of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 194 of this Act, applies only in

respect of an action or proceeding in respect of a patent issued on the basis of an

application whose filing date is on or after October 1, 1989 that is commenced on or after

October 29, 2018.

Section 56 — previous version

(2) Section 56 of the Patent Act, as it read immediately before the coming into force of

section 194 of this Act, applies in respect of any action or proceeding that is in respect of a

patent issued on the basis of an application whose filing date is on or after October 1,

1989 and that is commenced before October 29, 2018.

AMENDMENTS NOT IN FORCE

— 2014, c. 39, s. 114, as amended by 2017, c. 6, s. 135(2)

114 The definition filing date in section 2 of the Patent Act is replaced by the

following:

filing date means the date on which an application for a patent in Canada is filed, as

determined in accordance with section 28 or subsection 28.01(2) or 36(4); (date de dépôt)

— 2014, c. 39, s. 115

115 Subsection 4(2) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Duties of Commissioner

(2) The Commissioner shall receive all applications, fees, and documents relating to

patents, shall perform and do all acts and things requisite for the granting and issuing of

patents, shall have the charge and custody of the books, records and other things

belonging to the Patent Office and shall have, for the purposes of this Act, all the powers

that are or may be given by the Inquiries Act to a commissioner appointed under Part II of

that Act.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 117

1993, c. 15, s. 27

117 Sections 8.1 and 8.2 of the Act are replaced by the following:

Electronic form and means

8.1 (1) Subject to the regulations, any document, information or fee that is submitted to the

Commissioner or the Patent Office under this Act may be submitted in any electronic form,

and by any electronic means, that is specified by the Commissioner.

Collection, storage, etc.

(2) Subject to the regulations, the Commissioner and the Patent Office may use electronic

means to create, collect, receive, store, transfer, distribute, publish, certify or otherwise

deal with documents or information or to seal a patent or other document.

Definition of electronic

(3) In this section, electronic, in reference to a form or means, includes optical, magnetic

and other similar forms or means.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 118, as amended by 2018, c. 27, s. 204

118 (1) Subsection 12(1) of the Act is amended by adding the following after

paragraph (a):

(a.1) defining drawing for the purposes of this Act and respecting the circumstances in

which certain drawings may be furnished as part of applications for patents;

(a.2) respecting abstracts in applications for patents, including authorizing the

Commissioner to amend or replace abstracts;

(a.3) respecting the consequences of a failure to comply with a notice given under

subsection 27(7);

(a.4) respecting the processing and examination of applications for patents;

R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 3

(2) Paragraph 12(1)(c) of the Act is replaced by the following:

(c) respecting the registration of transmissions, disclaimers, judgments or other

documents relating to a patent or an application for a patent;

(c.1) respecting the recording of transfers of patents or applications for patents;

(3) Subsection 12(1) of the Act is amended by adding the following after paragraph

(i):

(i.1) for carrying into effect the Patent Law Treaty, done at Geneva on June 1, 2000,

including any amendments and revisions made from time to time to which Canada is a

party;

1993, c. 15, s. 29(2)

(4) Paragraphs 12(1)(j.1) to (j.5) of the Act are replaced by the following:

(j.01) respecting the circumstances in which an applicant, patentee or other person

may or must be represented by a patent agent or other person in business before the

Patent Office;

(j.1) respecting the submission, including in electronic form and by electronic means, of

documents and information to the Commissioner or the Patent Office, including the

time at which they are deemed to be received by the Commissioner or the Patent

Office;

(j.2) respecting the use of electronic means for the purposes of subsection 8.1(2);

(j.3) respecting the withdrawal of an application for a patent and, for the purposes of

subsections 10(4) and (5), prescribing the date, or the manner of determining the date,

on or before which a request for priority or an application for a patent is to be

withdrawn;

(j.31) respecting additions to the specification and additions of drawings for the

purposes of subsection 28.01(1);

(j.4) respecting requests for priority, including

(i) the period within which priority is to be requested,

(ii) the information and documents that are to be submitted in support of requests

for priority,

(iii) the period within which that information and those documents are to be

submitted,

(iv) the withdrawal of requests for priority, and

(v) the correction of requests for priority or of information or documents submitted in

support of them and the effect of corrections on the duration of the confidentiality

period referred to in subsection 10(3);

(j.41) respecting the application of subsection 28.4(6);

(j.5) for the purposes of section 36,

(i) defining one invention, and

(ii) respecting requirements for divisional applications;

1993, c. 15, s. 29(2)

(5) Paragraph 12(1)(j.8) of the Act is replaced by the following:

(j.71) respecting amendments to the specification or drawings for the purposes of

subsection 38.2(1);

(j.72) respecting the replacement of all or part of the text matter of a specification or

drawing contained in an application for a patent that is in a language other than English

or French with a translation into English or French, for the purposes of paragraph 38.2

(3)(b);

(j.73) respecting the conditions set out in subsection 46(5), including the circumstances

in which subparagraph 46(5)(a)(ii) and paragraph 46(5)(b) do not apply;

(j.74) establishing a period for the purposes of subsection 55.11(2);

(j.75) establishing a period for the purposes of subsections 55.11(3), (7) and (9);

(j.76) respecting the reinstatement of applications for patents under subsection 73(3),

including the circumstances in which subparagraph 73(3)(a)(ii) and paragraph 73(3)(b)

do not apply;

(j.77) respecting communications between the Commissioner and any other person;

(j.8) authorizing the Commissioner to, during or after the end of the time period fixed

under this Act for doing anything, extend that time period, subject to any prescribed

terms and conditions, if the Commissioner considers that the circumstances justify the

extension;

— 2014, c. 39, s. 119, as amended by 2018, c. 27, s. 205

R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 4

119 Section 15 of the Act is replaced by the following:

Register of patent agents

15 A register shall be kept in the Patent Office, on which shall be entered the names of all

persons and firms that may act as patent agents.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 120

1993, c. 15, s. 31

120 (1) Subsection 27(2) of the French version of the Act is replaced by the

following:

Dépôt de la demande

(2) L’inventeur ou son représentant légal doit, conformément aux règlements, déposer une

demande qui comprend une pétition et un mémoire descriptif de l’invention et payer la taxe

réglementaire.

1993, c. 15, s. 31

(2) Subsections 27(6) and (7) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Drawings

(5.1) In the case of a machine, or in any other case in which an invention admits of

illustration by means of drawings, the applicant shall, as part of the application, furnish

drawings of the invention that clearly show all parts of the invention.

Particulars

(5.2) Each drawing is to include references corresponding with the specification. The

Commissioner may, as the Commissioner sees fit, require further drawings or dispense

with the requirement to furnish any drawing.

Requirements not met

(6) If, on its filing date, an application does not meet the requirements of subsection (2),

other than the payment of the application fee, the Commissioner shall, by notice, require

the applicant to meet those requirements on or before the prescribed date.

Application fee not paid

(7) If, on the filing date of the application, the application fee is not paid, the Commissioner

shall, by notice, require the applicant to pay the application fee and the prescribed late fee

on or before the prescribed date.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 121

R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 9; 1993, c. 15, ss. 32 and 33

121 Sections 27.1 and 28 of the Act are replaced by the following:

Reference to previously filed application

27.01 (1) Subject to the prescribed requirements and within the prescribed period, an

applicant may submit to the Commissioner a statement to the effect that a reference to a

specified previously filed application for a patent is being submitted instead of all or part of

the specification contained in or a drawing that is required to be contained in the

application. The prescribed period shall not end later than six months after the earliest

date on which the Commissioner receives any document or information under subsection

28(1).

Specification or drawing deemed in application

(2) If the applicant submits the statement within the prescribed period and meets the

prescribed requirements, the specification or drawing in the previously filed application is

deemed to have been contained in the application on the date on which the Commissioner

receives the statement.

Maintenance fees

27.1 (1) To maintain an application for a patent in effect, the prescribed fees shall be paid

on or before the prescribed dates.

Late fee and notice

(2) If a prescribed fee is not paid on or before the applicable prescribed date,

(a) the prescribed late fee shall be paid, in addition to the prescribed fee; and

(b) the Commissioner shall send a notice to the applicant stating that the application

will be deemed to be abandoned if the prescribed fee and late fee are not paid before

the later of the end of six months after the applicable prescribed date and the end of

two months after the date of the notice.

Prescribed fee deemed paid on prescribed date

(3) If the prescribed fee and late fee are paid before a notice is sent or, if a notice is sent,

the prescribed fee and late fee are paid before the later of the end of six months after the

applicable prescribed date and the end of two months after the date of the notice, the

prescribed fee shall be deemed to have been paid on the applicable prescribed date.

Patent not invalid

(4) A patent shall not be declared invalid by reason only that the application on the basis of

which the patent was granted was not maintained in effect.

Filing date

28 (1) Subject to subsections 28.01(2) and 36(4), the filing date of an application for a

patent in Canada is the date on which the Commissioner receives the prescribed

documents and information or, if they are received on different dates, the latest of those

dates.

Outstanding documents and information

(2) The Commissioner shall notify an applicant whose application does not contain all of

the documents and information referred to in subsection (1) of the documents and

information that are outstanding and require that the applicant submit them within two

months after the date of the notice.

Application deemed never filed

(3) If the Commissioner does not receive the outstanding documents and information

within that two-month period, the application is deemed never to have been filed. However,

any fees paid in respect of the application shall not be refunded to the applicant.

Addition to specification or addition of drawing to application

28.01 (1) Subject to the regulations, an applicant may, within the prescribed period, add to

the specification that is contained in their application or add a drawing to their application

for a patent by submitting the addition to the Commissioner along with a statement by the

applicant indicating that the addition is being made under this section. The prescribed

period shall not end later than six months after the earliest date on which the

Commissioner receives any document or information under subsection 28(1).

Filing date

(2) If an applicant submits an addition to the Commissioner under subsection (1) and the

addition is not withdrawn within the prescribed period, the filing date of the application is

the later of the date on which the Commissioner receives the addition and the filing date

referred to in subsection 28(1), unless

(a) the applicant has, on the earliest date on which the Commissioner receives any

document or information under subsection 28(1), made a request for priority in respect

of the application under section 28.4;

(b) the addition is completely contained in a previously regularly filed application on

which the request for priority is based;

(c) the applicant requests, in accordance with the regulations, that the filing date be the

filing date referred to in subsection 28(1); and

(d) the applicant complies with any prescribed requirements.

Addition deemed in application

(3) In the circumstances set out in paragraphs (2)(a) to (d), the addition is deemed to have

been contained in the application on its filing date for the purposes of subsections 38.2(2)

and (3).

— 2014, c. 39, s. 122

1993, c. 15, s. 33

122 Paragraph 28.1(1)(b) of the French version of the Act is replaced by the

following:

b) à cette date, il s’est écoulé, depuis la date de dépôt de la demande déposée

antérieurement, au plus douze mois;

— 2014, c. 39, s. 123

1993, c. 15, s. 33

123 Paragraph 28.2(1)(a) of the Act is replaced by the following:

(a) before the one-year period immediately preceding the filing date or, if the claim date

is before that period, before the claim date by the applicant, or by a person who

obtained knowledge, directly or indirectly, from the applicant, in such a manner that the

subject-matter became available to the public in Canada or elsewhere;

— 2014, c. 39, s. 124

1993, c. 15, s. 33

124 Paragraph 28.3(a) of the Act is replaced by the following:

(a) information disclosed before the one-year period immediately preceding the filing

date or, if the claim date is before that period, before the claim date by the applicant, or

by a person who obtained knowledge, directly or indirectly, from the applicant in such a

manner that the information became available to the public in Canada or elsewhere;

and

— 2014, c. 39, s. 125, as amended by 2018, c. 27, s. 206

2001, c. 34, s. 63

125 (1) Subsection 28.4(2) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Requirements for request

(2) The request for priority shall be made in accordance with the regulations and the

applicant shall submit to the Commissioner the filing date, the name of the country or office

of filing and the number of each previously regularly filed application on which the request

is based.

Request deemed never filed

(2.1) Except for the purposes of subsection 10(3), a request for priority is deemed never to

have been made if the request is not made in accordance with the regulations or if the

applicant does not submit the information, other than the number of each previously

regularly filed application, required under subsection (2).

1993, c. 15, s. 33

(2) Subsection 28.4(3) of the French version of the Act is replaced by the following:

Retrait de la demande

(3) Le demandeur peut, selon les modalités réglementaires, retirer la demande de priorité

à l’égard de la demande déposée antérieurement; si elle est fondée sur plusieurs

demandes, il peut la retirer à l’égard de toutes celles-ci ou d’une ou de plusieurs d’entre

elles.

1993, c. 15, s. 33

(3) The portion of paragraph 28.4(5)(a) of the Act before subparagraph (i) is replaced

by the following:

(a) on the filing date of one of the following applications, as the case may be, more

than 12 months have elapsed since the filing date of the previously regularly filed

application:

1993, c. 15, s. 33

(4) The portion of paragraph 28.4(5)(b) of the English version of the Act before

subparagraph (i) is replaced by the following:

(b) before the filing date of the application referred to in one of subparagraphs (a)(i) to

(iv), as the case may be, another application

(5) Section 28.4 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (5):

Filing date deemed to be within 12 months

(6) Subject to the regulations, for the purposes of paragraph 28.1(1)(b) and subparagraphs

28.2(1)(d)(iii) and 28.4(5)(a)(i) and (ii), the filing date of the pending application or the co-

pending application, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be within 12 months after the

filing date of the previously regularly filed application if

(a) the filing date of the pending application or the co-pending application, as the case

may be, is more than 12 months after the filing date of the previously regularly filed

application but within two months after the end of those 12 months; and

(b) the applicant, within the prescribed time,

(i) makes a request to the Commissioner for this subsection to apply,

(ii) states, in the request, that the failure to file the pending application or the co-

pending application, as the case may be, within 12 months after the filing date of

the previously regularly filed application was unintentional, and

(iii) complies with any prescribed requirements.

Powers of the Federal Court

(7) If subsection (6) applies, the Federal Court may, by order, declare that subsection

never to have produced its effects if the Federal Court determines that the failure referred

to in subparagraph (6)(b)(ii) was intentional.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 127

127 Paragraph 31(2)(a) of the Act is replaced by the following:

(a) an applicant has agreed in writing to transfer a patent, when granted, to another

person or to a joint applicant and refuses to proceed with the application, or

— 2014, c. 39, s. 128

1993, c. 15, s. 38

128 Subsection 35(2) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Prescribed time

(2) The request shall be made within the prescribed time and the prescribed fee shall be

paid within that time.

Late fee and notice

(3) If the request is not made or the prescribed fee is not paid within the prescribed time,

(a) the prescribed late fee shall be paid, in addition to the prescribed fee; and

(b) the Commissioner shall send a notice to the applicant stating that the application

will be deemed to be abandoned if the request is not made and the prescribed fee and

late fee are not paid before the end of two months after the date of the notice.

Request deemed made and prescribed fee deemed paid within prescribed time

(4) If the request is made and the prescribed fee and late fee are paid before a notice is

sent or, if a notice has been sent, the request is made and the prescribed fee and late fee

are paid before the end of two months after the date of the notice, the request shall be

deemed to have been made and the prescribed fee shall be deemed to have been paid

within the prescribed time.

Required examination

(5) The Commissioner may by a notice sent to the applicant, require that the request be

made and the prescribed fee be paid within the prescribed time. However, the

Commissioner is not authorized to send the notice if the prescribed time would end after

the prescribed time referred to in subsection (2).

Non-application

(6) If a notice is sent under subsection (5), subsections (2) to (4) do not apply.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 129

1993, c. 15, s. 39

129 Subsection 36(3) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Original application abandoned

(3) If an original application mentioned in subsection (2) or (2.1) is deemed to be

abandoned and is not reinstated, the time for filing a divisional application ends on the

later of the day on which the original application is deemed to be abandoned and the end

of the prescribed time referred to in subsection 73(3).

— 2014, c. 39, s. 130

R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 13; 1993, c. 15, s. 40

130 The heading before section 37 and sections 37 and 38 of the Act are replaced by

the following:

Biological Materials

— 2014, c. 39, s. 131

1993, c. 15, s. 41

131 (1) Subsection 38.2(1) of the French version of the Act is replaced by the

following:

Modification du mémoire descriptif et des dessins

38.2 (1) Sous réserve des paragraphes (2) et (3) et des règlements, les dessins et le

mémoire descriptif qui sont compris dans la demande de brevet peuvent être modifiés

avant la délivrance du brevet.

1993, c. 15, s. 41

(2) Subsections 38.2(2) and (3) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Restriction

(2) The specification and drawings may not be amended to add matter not reasonably to

be inferred from the specification or drawings contained in the application on its filing date.

Language other than English or French

(3) However, if all or part of the text matter of the specification or drawings contained in the

application on its filing date is in a language other than English or French, the specification

and drawings may not be amended to add matter not reasonably to be inferred from both

(a) the specification or drawings contained in the application on its filing date, and

(b) the specification or drawings contained in the application immediately after the text

matter is replaced by an English or French translation, in accordance with the

regulations.

Non-application of subsections (2) and (3)

(4) Subsections (2) and (3) do not apply if it is admitted in the specification that the matter

is prior art with respect to the application.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 132

R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16; 1993, c. 15, s. 43

132 Section 46 of the Act is replaced by the following:

Maintenance fees

46 (1) To maintain the rights accorded by a patent issued under this Act in effect, the

prescribed fees shall be paid on or before the prescribed dates.

Late fee and notice

(2) If a prescribed fee is not paid on or before the applicable prescribed date,

(a) the prescribed late fee shall be paid, in addition to the prescribed fee; and

(b) the Commissioner shall send a notice to the patentee stating that the term limited

for the duration of the patent will be deemed to have expired if the prescribed fee and

late fee are not paid before the later of the end of six months after the applicable

prescribed date and the end of two months after the date of the notice.

Prescribed fee deemed paid on prescribed date

(3) If the prescribed fee and late fee are paid before a notice is sent or, if a notice is sent,

the prescribed fee and late fee are paid before the later of the end of six months after the

applicable prescribed date and the end of two months after the date of the notice, the

prescribed fee shall be deemed to have been paid on the applicable prescribed date.

Term limited deemed expired on prescribed date

(4) If the prescribed fee and late fee are not paid before the later of the end of six months

after the applicable prescribed date and the end of two months after the date of the notice,

the term limited for the duration of the patent shall be deemed to have expired on the

applicable prescribed date.

Subsection (4) deemed never to have produced its effects

(5) Subject to the regulations, if the term limited for the duration of a patent is deemed to

have expired under subsection (4), that subsection is deemed never to have produced its

effects if

(a) the patentee, within the prescribed time,

(i) makes a request to the Commissioner for the term limited for the duration of the

patent to never have been deemed to have expired,

(ii) states, in the request, the reasons for the failure to pay the prescribed fee and

late fee before the later of the end of six months after the applicable prescribed date

and the end of two months after the date of the notice, and

(iii) pays the prescribed fee, the late fee and any additional prescribed fee; and

(b) the Commissioner determines that the failure occurred in spite of the due care

required by the circumstances having been taken and informs the patentee of this

determination.

Powers of the Federal Court

(6) If subsection (5) applies, the Federal Court may, by order, declare the term limited for

the duration of the patent to have expired on the applicable prescribed date if the Federal

Court determines either

(a) that the statement of the reasons referred to in subparagraph (5)(a)(ii) contains a

material allegation that is untrue, or

(b) that, if paragraph (5)(b) applies, the failure referred to in subparagraph (5)(a)(ii) did

not occur in spite of the due care required by the circumstances having been taken.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 133

R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 17

133 (1) The portion of subsection 48(1) of the Act after paragraph (b) is replaced by

the following:

the patentee may, on payment of a prescribed fee, make a disclaimer of the parts that the

patentee does not claim to hold by virtue of the patent or a transfer of the patent.

(2) Subsection 48(5) of the Act is repealed.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 134

R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), ss. 19 and 20

134 The heading before section 49 and sections 49 to 51 of the Act are replaced by

the following:

Transfers

Patent, application and right or interest in invention

49 (1) A patent, an application for a patent, and the right or interest in an invention are

transferable, in whole or in part.

Recording of transfer of application

(2) The Commissioner shall, subject to the regulations, record the transfer of an

application for a patent on the request of the applicant or, upon receipt of evidence

satisfactory to the Commissioner of the transfer, on the request of a transferee of the

application.

Recording of transfer of patent

(3) The Commissioner shall, subject to the regulations, record the transfer of a patent on

the request of the patentee or, upon receipt of evidence satisfactory to the Commissioner

of the transfer, on the request of a transferee of the patent.

Transfer void

(4) A transfer of a patent that has not been recorded is void against a subsequent

transferee if the transfer to the subsequent transferee has been recorded.

Removal of recording

(5) The Commissioner shall remove the recording of the transfer of an application for a

patent or the transfer of a patent on receipt of evidence satisfactory to the Commissioner

that the transfer should not have been recorded.

Limitation

(6) The Commissioner is not authorized to remove the recording of a transfer of a patent

for the reason only that the transferor had previously transferred the patent to another

person.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 135

1993, c. 15, s. 48

135 Subsection 55(2) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Liability damage before patent is granted

(2) A person is liable to pay reasonable compensation to a patentee and to all persons

claiming under the patentee for any damage sustained by the patentee or by any of those

persons by reason of any act on the part of that person, after the specification contained in

the application for the patent became open to public inspection, in English or French,

under section 10 and before the grant of the patent, that would have constituted an

infringement of the patent if the patent had been granted on the day the specification

became open to public inspection, in English or French, under that section.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 136, as amended by 2018, c. 27, s. 207

136 The Act is amended by adding the following after section 55.1:

Exception — third party rights

55.11 (1) This section applies only in respect of the following patents and certificates of

supplementary protection that set out the following patents:

(a) a patent that was granted on the basis of an application

(i) in respect of which the prescribed fee referred to in subsection 27.1(2) was not

paid on or before the applicable prescribed date referred to in that subsection,

without taking into account subsection 27.1(3),

(ii) in respect of which a request referred to in subsection 35(2) was not made and

the prescribed fee referred to in that subsection was not paid within the prescribed

time referred to in that subsection, without taking into account subsection 35(4), or

(iii) that was deemed abandoned under paragraph 73(1)(a), (b), (e) or (f) or

subsection 73(2);

(b) a patent that was granted on the basis of a divisional application that

(i) results, under subsection 36(2) or (2.1), from the division of an original

application that is an application referred to in this paragraph or paragraph (a), and

(ii) was filed after the beginning of the period referred to in subsection (2) or, if it is

earlier, the period referred to in subsection (3), that applies to the patent granted on

the basis of the original application or that would apply to that patent if it were

granted; and

(c) a patent in respect of which the prescribed fee referred to in subsection 46(2) was

not paid on or before the applicable prescribed date referred to in that subsection,

without taking into account subsection 46(3).

Act committed during period

(2) If, during a period that is established by regulations made under paragraph 12(1)(j.74)

that relates to a patent, a person, in good faith, committed an act that would otherwise

constitute an infringement of that patent, that act is not an infringement of the patent.

Act committed after period

(3) Subject to subsection (4), if — during a period established by regulations made under

paragraph 12(1)(j.75) that relates to a patent — a person, in good faith, committed an act

that would otherwise constitute an infringement of that patent or made serious and

effective preparations to commit that act, it is not an infringement of the patent or any

certificate of supplementary protection that sets out the patent if the person commits the

act after that period.

Transfer

(4) If the act referred to in subsection (3) is committed or the preparations to commit it are

made in the course of a business and that business, or the part of that business in the

course of which the act was committed or the preparations were made, is subsequently

transferred,

(a) subsection (3) or paragraph (b), as the case may be, does not apply in respect of

an act committed by the transferor after the transfer; and

(b) it is not an infringement of the patent or any certificate of supplementary protection

that sets out the patent if the transferee commits the act after the transfer.

Use or sale of article

(5) The use or sale of an article is not an infringement of a patent or any certificate of

supplementary protection that sets out the patent if that article was acquired, directly or

indirectly, from a person who, at the time they disposed of it, could, under subsection (2) or

(3) or paragraph (4)(b), sell the article without infringing the patent or the certificate.

Use of service

(6) The use of a service is not an infringement of a patent if the service is provided by a

person who, under subsection (2) or (3) or paragraph (4)(b), is able to provide it without

infringing the patent.

Use of article

(7) Subject to subsection (8), the use of an article is not an infringement of a patent or any

certificate of supplementary protection that sets out the patent if the article was acquired,

directly or indirectly, from a person who, during a period that is established by regulations

made under paragraph 12(1)(j.75) that relates to that patent, in good faith, made or sold,

or made serious and effective preparations to make or sell, an article that is substantially

the same as the one used, for that use.

Transfer

(8) If the making or selling referred to in subsection (7) was done or the preparations to do

so were made in the course of a business and that business, or the part of that business in

the course of which the making or selling was done or the preparations were made, is

subsequently transferred, then

(a) subsection (7) or paragraph (b), as the case may be, does not apply in respect of

an article that is made or sold by the transferor after the transfer; and

(b) it is not an infringement of a patent or a certificate of supplemental protection

referred to in subsection (7) to use an article for the use referred to in that subsection if

it was made or sold for that use by the transferee after the transfer.

Use of service

(9) Subject to subsection (10), the use of a service is not an infringement of a patent if the

service is provided by a person who, during a period that is established by regulations

made under paragraph 12(1)(j.75) that relates to that patent, provided, or made serious

and effective preparations to provide, a service that is substantially the same as the one

used, for that use.

Transfer

(10) If, during the period referred to in subsection (9), the service was provided or the

preparations to provide it were made in the course of a business and that business, or the

part of that business in the course of which the service was provided or the preparations to

do so were made, is subsequently transferred, then, after the transfer

(a) the transferor is deemed to no longer be the person referred to in subsection (9) for

the purposes of that subsection; and

(b) the transferee is deemed to be the person who provided the service for the

purposes of subsection (9).

— 2014, c. 39, s. 137

1993, c. 15, s. 52

137 (1) Subsection 73(1) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Deemed abandonment of applications

73 (1) An application for a patent in Canada shall be deemed to be abandoned if

(a) the applicant does not reply in good faith, within the prescribed time, to any

requisition made by an examiner in connection with an examination;

(b) the applicant does not comply with a notice given under subsection 27(6);

(c) the prescribed fee and late fee referred to in a notice sent under paragraph 27.1(2)

(b) are not paid before the later of the end of six months after the applicable prescribed

date and the end of two months after the date of the notice;

(d) the request referred to in a notice sent under paragraph 35(3)(b) is not made and

the prescribed fee and late fee referred to in that notice are not paid before the end of

two months after the date of the notice;

(e) the request referred to in a notice sent under subsection 35(5) is not made and the

prescribed fee referred to in that notice is not paid within the prescribed time; or

(f) the applicant does not pay the prescribed fees stated to be payable in a notice of

allowance of patent within six months after the date of the notice.

1993, c. 15, s. 52

(2) Subsection 73(2) of the French version of the Act is replaced by the following:

Abandon

(2) Elle est aussi réputée abandonnée dans les circonstances réglementaires.

1993, c. 15, s. 52

(3) Subsection 73(3) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Reinstatement

(3) Subject to the regulations, an application that is deemed to be abandoned is reinstated

if

(a) the applicant, within the prescribed time,

(i) makes a request for reinstatement to the Commissioner,

(ii) states, in the request, the reasons for the failure to take the action that should

have been taken in order to avoid the abandonment,

(iii) takes the action that should have been taken in order to avoid the

abandonment, and

(iv) pays the prescribed fee; and

(b) the Commissioner determines that the failure occurred in spite of the due care

required by the circumstances having been taken and informs the applicant of this

determination.

Powers of the Federal Court

(3.1) The Federal Court may, by order, declare an application that is reinstated under

subsection (3) to never have been reinstated if the Federal Court determines either

(a) that the statement of the reasons referred to in subparagraph (3)(a)(ii) contains a

material allegation that is untrue, or

(b) that, if paragraph (3)(b) applies, the failure referred to in subparagraph (3)(a)(ii) did

not occur in spite of the due care required by the circumstances having been taken.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 138

138 The Act is amended by adding the following after section 73:

Patent not invalid

73.1 (1) A patent shall not be declared invalid by reason only that the application on the

basis of which the patent was granted was deemed to be abandoned and was not

reinstated.

Exception

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the Federal Court makes an order under subsection 73

(3.1) in respect of the application on the basis of which the patent was granted.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 139

2001, c. 10, s. 3

139 Sections 78.1 and 78.2 of the Act are replaced by the following:

Definition of coming-into-force date

78.1 (1) In sections 78.2, 78.21 and 78.5 to 78.56, coming-into-force date means the day

on which section 121 of the Economic Action Plan 2014 Act, No. 2 comes into force.

Definition of filing date

(2) In sections 78.21, 78.22, 78.4, 78.5, 78.53 and 78.54, filing date means the date on

which an application for a patent in Canada is filed, as determined in accordance with

section 78.2.

Filing date

78.2 The filing date of an application for a patent is

(a) with respect to an original application,

(i) if all of the following elements were received by the Commissioner before

October 1, 1989, the date on which they were received or, if they were received on

different dates, the latest of those different dates:

(A) a statement that the granting of a patent is sought, executed by the applicant

or by a patent agent on the applicant’s behalf,

(B) a specification, including claims,

(C) any drawing referred to in the specification,

(D) an abstract of the part of the specification other than the claims,

(E) the fee set out in item 1 of Schedule II to the Patent Rules as that item read

on the day on which the fee was received,

(ii) if subparagraph (i) does not apply, one or more of the following elements were

received by the Commissioner on or after October 1, 1989 and all of the following

elements were received by the Commissioner before October 1, 1996, the date on

which they were received or, if they were received on different dates, the latest of

those different dates:

(A) a petition executed by the applicant or by a patent agent on the applicant’s

behalf,

(B) a specification, including claims,

(C) any drawing referred to in the specification,

(D) an abstract of the part of the specification other than the claims,

(E) the fee set out in item 1 of Schedule II to the Patent Rules as that item read

on the day on which the fee was received,

(iii) if subparagraphs (i) and (ii) do not apply, one or more of the following elements

were received by the Commissioner on or after October 1, 1996 and all of the

following elements were received by the Commissioner before June 2, 2007, the

date on which they were received or, if they were received on different dates, the

latest of those different dates:

(A) an indication, in English or French, that the granting of a Canadian patent is

sought,

(B) the applicant’s name,

(C) the address of the applicant or of their patent agent,

(D) a document, in English or French, that on its face appears to describe an

invention,

(E) the fee set out in item 1 of Schedule II to the Patent Rules as that item read

on the day on which the fee was received, and

(iv) if subparagraphs (i) to (iii) do not apply, one or more of the following elements

were received by the Commissioner on or after June 2, 2007 and all of the following

elements were received by the Commissioner before the coming-into-force date,

the date on which they were received or, if they were received on different dates,

the latest of those different dates:

(A) an indication, in English or French, that the granting of a Canadian patent is

sought,

(B) the applicant’s name,

(C) the address of the applicant or of their patent agent,

(D) a document, in English or French, that on its face appears to describe an

invention,

(E) either a small entity declaration, in accordance with section 3.01 of the

Patent Rules as it read on the day on which the declaration was received, and

the small entity fee set out in item 1 of Schedule II to those Rules as that item

read on the day on which that fee was received or the standard fee set out in

item 1 of that Schedule, as that item read on the day on which that standard fee

was received; or

(b) with respect to a divisional application, the filing date of the original application from

which the divisional application results, determined in accordance with this section.

Applications — no filing date

78.21 An application for a patent that is filed before the coming-into-force date and that

does not have a filing date on the coming-into-force date shall be deemed never to have

been filed.

Applications — filing date before October 1, 1989

78.22 An application for a patent whose filing date is before October 1, 1989 shall be dealt

with and disposed of in accordance with

(a) the provisions of this Act as they read immediately before October 1, 1989, other

than the definition legal representatives in section 2, subsections 4(2) and 7(1),

sections 15 and 29, paragraph 31(2)(a) and sections 49 to 51; and

(b) the definition legal representatives in section 2, subsections 4(2) and 7(1),

sections 8.1, 15 and 15.1, paragraph 31(2)(a) and sections 38.1, 49 and 78.2.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 140, as amended by 2018, c. 27, s. 208

2001, c. 10, s. 4

140 Sections 78.4 and 78.5 of the Act are replaced by the following:

Applications — filing date October 1, 1989 to before October 1, 1996

78.4 Subject to sections 78.51 and 78.52, an application for a patent whose filing date is

on or after October 1, 1989 but before October 1, 1996 shall be dealt with and disposed of

in accordance with

(a) the provisions of this Act, other than the definition filing date in section 2,

subsection 27(7), sections 27.01, 28 and 28.01 and subsection 28.4(6); and

(b) subsection 27(2) as it read immediately before October 1, 1996.

Applications — filing date October 1, 1996 to before coming-into-force date

78.5 Subject to sections 78.51 and 78.52, an application for a patent whose filing date is

on or after October 1, 1996 but before the coming-into-force date shall be dealt with and

disposed of in accordance with the provisions of this Act, other than the definition filing

date in section 2, subsection 27(7), sections 27.01, 28 and 28.01 and subsection 28.4(6).

Abandonment before coming-into-force date

78.51 If an application for a patent was deemed to be abandoned under section 73 as it

read immediately before the coming-into-force date, that section 73 applies in respect of

that abandonment.

Abandonment — requisition or notice before coming-into-force date

78.52 (1) If, on or after the coming-into-force date, an applicant fails to do any act

described in paragraph 73(1)(a), (b), (e) or (f), as those paragraphs read immediately

before that date, in respect of a requisition made or notice given, as the case may be,

before that date, section 73 as it read immediately before that date applies in respect of

any abandonment resulting from the failure.

Abandonment — section 97 of the Patent Rules

(2) If, on or after the coming-into-force date, an applicant fails to do any act described in

section 97 of the Patent Rules, as that section read immediately before that date, in

respect of a requisition of the Commissioner that was given before that date, section 73 as

it read immediately before that date applies in respect of any abandonment resulting from

the failure.

Patents — filing date before October 1, 1989

78.53 (1) Subject to subsection 78.55(2), any matter arising on or after the coming-into-

force date, in respect of a patent granted on the basis of an application whose filing date is

before October 1, 1989, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with

(a) the provisions of this Act, other than the definitions claim date, filing date and

request for priority in section 2, sections 10, 27 to 28.4, 34.1 to 36, 38.2 and 55,

paragraphs 55.11(1)(a) and (b) and section 56; and

(b) sections 10 and 55 and subsections 61(1) and (3), as they read immediately before

October 1, 1989.

Special case

(2) Section 56 of the Patent Act, as it read immediately before October 1, 1989, applies in

respect of a purchase, construction or acquisition made before October 1, 1996 of an

invention for which a patent is issued on the basis of an application filed before October 1,

1989.

Patents — filing date October 1, 1989 to before coming-into-force date

78.54 Subject to subsection 78.55(1) and section 78.56, any matter arising on or after the

coming-into-force date in respect of a patent granted on the basis of an application whose

filing date is on or after October 1, 1989 but before the coming-into-force date shall be

dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the provisions of this Act, other than the

definition filing date in section 2 and section 28.

Application of section 46 — item 31 of Schedule II to Patent Rules

78.55 (1) If the time, not including a period of grace, set out in item 31 of Schedule II to the

Patent Rules to pay the applicable fee to maintain the rights accorded by a patent in effect

ends before the coming-into-force date, section 46 as it read immediately before the

coming-into-force date applies in respect of that fee.

Application of section 46 — item 32 of Schedule II to Patent Rules

(2) If the time, not including a period of grace, set out in item 32 of Schedule II to the

Patent Rules to pay the applicable fee to maintain the rights accorded by a patent in effect

ends before the coming-into-force date, section 46 as it read immediately before the

coming-into-force date applies in respect of that fee.

Non-application of subsection 27.1(4) and section 73.1

78.56 Subsection 27.1(4) and section 73.1 do not apply to a patent that was granted

before the coming-into-force date or to a reissued patent if the original patent was granted

before that date.

Reissued patents

78.57 For greater certainty, for the purposes of sections 78.53 and 78.54, a reissued

patent is considered to be issued on the basis of the original application.

Regulations

78.58 For greater certainty, a regulation made under subsection 12(1) applies to an

application for a patent referred to in section 78.22, unless the regulation provides

otherwise.

— 2014, c. 39, s. 141

2005, c. 18, s. 2

141 Subsection 78.6(5) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Application

(5) For greater certainty, this section also applies to applications for patents mentioned in

section 78.22.

— 2015, c. 36, s. 50

50 Subsection 5(2) of the Patent Act is replaced by the following:

Absence, inability to act or vacancy

(2) If the Commissioner is absent or unable to act or the office of Commissioner is vacant,

the Assistant Commissioner or, if at the same time the Assistant Commissioner is absent

or unable to act or the office of Assistant Commissioner is vacant, another officer

designated by the Minister may exercise the powers and shall perform the duties of the

Commissioner.

— 2015, c. 36, s. 51

51 Section 8 of the Act is repealed.

— 2015, c. 36, s. 52

52 Section 11 of the Act is repealed.

— 2015, c. 36, s. 53

53 (1) Subsection 12(1) of the Act is amended by adding the following after

paragraph (g):

(g.1) authorizing the Commissioner to waive, subject to any prescribed terms and

conditions, the payment of a fee if the Commissioner is satisfied that the circumstances

justify it;

(2) Paragraph 12(1)(j.5) of the Act is replaced by the following:

(j.5) respecting divisional applications, including the time period within which divisional

applications may be filed and the persons who may file divisional applications;

(j.51) defining one invention for the purposes of section 36;

(3) Subsection 12(1) of the Act is amended by adding the following after paragraph

(j.8):

(j.81) respecting the correction of obvious errors in documents submitted to the

Commissioner or the Patent Office or in patents or other documents issued under this

Act, including

(i) the determination of what constitutes an obvious error, and

(ii) the effect of the correction;

— 2015, c. 36, s. 56

56 Subsection 26.1(1) of the Act is repealed.

— 2015, c. 36, s. 57

57 The portion of subsection 28.4(4) of the Act before paragraph (a) is replaced by

the following:

Multiple previously regularly filed applications

(4) If two or more applications have been previously regularly filed as described in

paragraph 28.1(1)(a), subparagraph 28.2(1)(d)(i) or paragraph 78.3(1)(a) or (2)(a), either

in or for the same country or in or for different countries,

— 2015, c. 36, s. 58

58 (1) Subsections 38.2(1) and (2) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Amendments to specifications and drawings

38.2 (1) Subject to subsections (2) to (3.1) and the regulations, the specification and

drawings contained in an application for a patent in Canada may be amended before the

patent is issued.

Restriction

(2) The specification and drawings contained in an application, other than a divisional

application, may not be amended to add matter that cannot reasonably be inferred from

the specification or drawings contained in the application on its filing date.

(2) Subsection 38.2(4) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Divisional application

(3.1) The specification and drawings contained in a divisional application may not be

amended to add matter

(a) that may not be or could not have been added, under subsection (2) or (3) or this

subsection, to the specification and drawings contained in the application for a patent

from which the divisional application results; or

(b) that cannot reasonably be inferred from the specification or drawings contained in

the divisional application on the date on which the Commissioner, in respect of that

application, receives the prescribed documents and information or, if they are received

on different dates, on the latest of those dates.

Non-application of subsections (2) to (3.1)

(4) Subsections (2) to (3.1) do not apply if it is admitted in the specification that the matter

is prior art with respect to the application.

Application subject to regulations

(5) Subsections (2) to (3.1) apply subject to any regulations made under paragraph 12(1)

(j.81).

— 2015, c. 36, s. 59

59 Subparagraph 55.11(1)(a)(iii) of the Act is replaced by the following:

(iii) that was deemed abandoned under paragraph 73(1)(a), (b) or (e), under

paragraph 73(1)(f) as it read at any time before the coming into force of this

subparagraph or under subsection 73(2);

— 2015, c. 36, s. 61(1)

61 (1) The portion of subsection 68(1) of the Act before paragraph (a) is replaced by

the following:

Contents of applications

68 (1) Every application presented to the Commissioner under section 65 shall

— 2015, c. 36, s. 62

62 (1) Subsection 73(1) of the Act is amended by adding “or” at the end of

paragraph (d), by striking out “or” at the end of paragraph (e) and by repealing

paragraph (f).

(2) Subsections 73(4) and (5) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Filing date

(5) An application that is reinstated retains its filing date.

— 2015, c. 36, s. 64

64 Paragraphs 78.22(a) and (b) of the Act are replaced by the following:

(a) the provisions of this Act as they read immediately before October 1, 1989, other

than the definition legal representatives in section 2, subsections 4(2), 5(2) and 7(1),

sections 8, 15 and 29, paragraph 31(2)(a) and sections 49 to 51 and 78; and

(b) the definition legal representatives in section 2, subsections 4(2), 5(2) and 7(1),

sections 8.1, 15 and 15.1, paragraph 31(2)(a) and sections 38.1, 49, 78 and 78.2.

— 2015, c. 36, s. 65

Replacement of “complémentaire” and “complémentaires”

65 The French version of the Act is amended by replacing “complémentaire” and

“complémentaires” with “divisionnaire” and “divisionnaires”, respectively, with any

grammatical adaptations, in the following provisions:

(a) the heading before section 36;

(b) subsections 36(2) to (4);

(c) the portion of paragraph 55.11(1)(b) before subparagraph (i); and

(d) paragraph 78.2(b).

— 2015, c. 36, ss. 71(1), (6) to (12)

2014, c. 39

71 (1) In this section, other Act means the Economic Action Plan 2014 Act, No. 2.

(6) If subsection 53(2) of this Act comes into force on the same day as subsection

118(4) of the other Act, then that subsection 118(4) is deemed to have come into

force before that subsection 53(2).

(7) If section 58 of this Act comes into force on the same day as section 131 of the

other Act, then that section 131 is deemed to have come into force before that

section 58.

(8) If section 59 of this Act comes into force on the same day as section 136 of the

other Act, then that section 136 is deemed to have come into force before that

section 59.

(9) If subsection 62(1) of this Act comes into force on the same day as subsection

137(1) of the other Act, then that subsection 137(1) is deemed to have come into

force before that subsection 62(1).

(10) If section 140 of the other Act comes into force before subsection 62(1) of this

Act, then, on the day on which that subsection 62(1) comes into force, section 78.52

of the Patent Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (1):

Abandonment — notice after coming-into-force date

(1.1) If, on or after the day on which subsection 62(1) of the Economic Action Plan 2015

Act, No. 1 comes into force, an applicant fails to pay the prescribed fees stated to be

payable in a notice of allowance of patent given before that day but after the coming-into-

force date, paragraph 73(1)(f) as it read immediately before the day on which that

subsection 62(1) comes into force applies in respect of any abandonment resulting from

the failure.

(11) If section 64 of this Act comes into force on the same day as section 139 of the

other Act, then that section 139 is deemed to have come into force before that

section 64.

(12) If section 65 of this Act comes into force on the same day as sections 129, 136

and 139 of the other Act, then those sections 129, 136 and 139 are deemed to have

come into force before that section 65.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 45

1993, c. 2, s. 7

45 The heading “Patented Medicines” before section 79 of the Act is replaced by the

following:

Patented or Protected Medicines

— 2017, c. 6, s. 46

1993, c. 2. , s. 7

46 (1) The definition breveté ou titulaire d’un brevet in subsection 79(1) of the

French version of the Act is replaced by the following:

breveté ou titulaire d’un brevet La personne ayant pour le moment droit à l’avantage d’un

brevet pour une invention liée à un médicament, ainsi que quiconque peut exercer tout

droit d’un titulaire dans un cadre autre qu’une licence prorogée en vertu du paragraphe 11

(1) de la Loi de 1992 modifiant la Loi sur les brevets. (patentee)

(2) Subsection 79(1) of the Act is amended by adding the following in alphabetical

order:

medicine includes a drug, as defined in section 104, and a medicinal ingredient;

(médicament)

rights holder means, in respect of an invention pertaining to a medicine, a patentee and

the person for the time being entitled to the benefit of a certificate of supplementary

protection for that invention, and includes, if any other person is entitled to exercise rights

in relation to the certificate, that other person in respect of those rights; (titulaire de droits)

— 2017, c. 6, s. 47

1993, c. 2, s. 7

47 (1) The portion of subsection 80(1) of the Act before paragraph (a) is replaced by

the following:

Pricing information, etc., required by regulations

80 (1) A rights holder for an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in

accordance with the regulations, provide the Board with the information and documents

that the regulations may specify respecting

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(2) Paragraph 80(1)(c) of the English version of the Act is replaced by the following:

(c) the costs of making and marketing the medicine, if that information is available to

the rights holder in Canada or is within the knowledge or control of the rights holder;

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(3) The portion of subsection 80(2) of the Act before paragraph (a) is replaced by the

following:

Former rights holder

(2) Subject to subsection (3), a person who is a former rights holder for an invention

pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in accordance with the regulations,

provide the Board with the information and documents that the regulations may specify

respecting

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(4) Paragraphs 80(2)(b) and (c) of the Act are replaced by the following:

(b) the price at which the medicine was sold in any market in Canada and elsewhere

during the period in which the person was a rights holder for the invention;

(c) the costs of making and marketing the medicine produced during that period,

whether incurred before or after the patent was issued or the certificate of

supplementary protection took effect, if that information is available to the person in

Canada or is within the knowledge or control of the person;

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(5) Subsection 80(3) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Limitation

(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a person who has not, for a period of three or more

years, been entitled to the benefit of the patent or certificate of supplementary protection,

as the case may be, or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent or certificate.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 48

1993, c. 2, s. 7

48 (1) Subsection 81(1) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Pricing information, etc. required by Board

81 (1) The Board may, by order, require a rights holder or former rights holder for an

invention pertaining to a medicine to provide the Board with information and documents

respecting

(a) in the case of a rights holder, any of the matters referred to in paragraphs 80(1)(a)

to (e);

(b) in the case of a former rights holder, any of the matters referred to in paragraphs 80

(2)(a) to (e); and

(c) any other related matters that the Board may require.

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(2) Subsection 81(2) of the English version of the Act is replaced by the following:

Compliance with order

(2) A rights holder or former rights holder in respect of whom an order is made under

subsection (1) shall comply with the order within the time that is specified in the order or as

the Board may allow.

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(3) Subsection 81(3) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Limitation

(3) No order may be made under subsection (1) in respect of a former rights holder who,

more than three years before the day on which the order is proposed to be made, ceased

to be entitled to the benefit of the patent or certificate of supplementary protection, as the

case may be, or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent or certificate.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 49

1993, c. 2, s. 7

49 (1) Subsections 82(1) and (2) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Notice of introductory price

82 (1) A rights holder for an invention pertaining to a medicine who intends to sell the

medicine in a market in Canada in which it has not previously been sold shall, as soon as

practicable after determining the date on which the medicine will be first offered for sale in

that market, notify the Board of its intention and of that date.

Pricing information and documents

(2) If the Board receives a notice under subsection (1) from a rights holder or otherwise

has reason to believe that a rights holder for an invention pertaining to a medicine intends

to sell the medicine in a market in Canada in which the medicine has not previously been

sold, the Board may, by order, require the rights holder to provide the Board with

information and documents respecting the price at which the medicine is intended to be

sold in that market.

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(2) Subsection 82(3) of the English version of the Act is replaced by the following:

Compliance with order

(3) Subject to subsection (4), a rights holder in respect of whom an order is made under

subsection (2) shall comply with the order within the time that is specified in the order or as

the Board may allow.

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(3) Subsection 82(4) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Limitation

(4) No rights holder shall be required to comply with an order made under subsection (2)

prior to the 60th day preceding the date on which the rights holder intends to first offer the

medicine for sale in the relevant market.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 50

1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1994, c. 26, s. 54(F)

50 Section 83 of the Act is replaced by the following:

Order re excessive prices

83 (1) If the Board finds that a rights holder for an invention pertaining to a medicine is

selling the medicine in any market in Canada at a price that, in the Board’s opinion, is

excessive, the Board may, by order, direct the rights holder to cause the maximum price at

which the rights holder sells the medicine in that market to be reduced to the level that the

Board considers not to be excessive and that is specified in the order.

Order re excessive prices

(2) Subject to subsection (4), if the Board finds that a rights holder for an invention

pertaining to a medicine has, while a rights holder, sold the medicine in any market in

Canada at a price that, in the Board’s opinion, was excessive, the Board may, by order,

direct the rights holder to do any one or more of the following things that will, in the Board’s

opinion, offset the amount of the excess revenues estimated by it to have been derived by

the rights holder from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price:

(a) reduce the price at which the rights holder sells the medicine in any market in

Canada, to the extent and for the period that are specified in the order;

(b) to the extent and for the period that are specified in the order, reduce the price at

which the rights holder sells, in any market in Canada, any other medicine to which a

patented invention, or invention protected by a certificate of supplementary protection,

of the rights holder pertains;

(c) pay to Her Majesty in right of Canada an amount that is specified in the order.

Order re excessive prices

(3) Subject to subsection (4), if the Board finds that a former rights holder for an invention

pertaining to a medicine had, while a rights holder, sold the medicine in any market in

Canada at a price that, in the Board’s opinion, was excessive, the Board may, by order,

direct the former rights holder to do any one or more of the following things that will, in the

Board’s opinion, offset the amount of the excess revenues estimated by it to have been

derived by the former rights holder from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price:

(a) to the extent and for the period that are specified in the order, reduce the price at

which the former rights holder sells, in any market in Canada, a medicine to which a

patented invention, or invention protected by a certificate of supplementary protection,

of the former rights holder pertains; or

(b) pay to Her Majesty in right of Canada an amount that is specified in the order.

If policy to sell at excessive price

(4) If the Board, having regard to the extent and duration of the sales of the medicine at an

excessive price, is of the opinion that the rights holder or former rights holder has engaged

in a policy of selling the medicine at an excessive price, the Board may, by order, in lieu of

any order it may make under subsection (2) or (3), as the case may be, direct the rights

holder or former rights holder to do any one or more of the things referred to in that

subsection that will, in the Board’s opinion, offset not more than twice the amount of the

excess revenues estimated by it to have been derived by the rights holder or former rights

holder from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price.

Excess revenues

(5) In estimating the amount of excess revenues under subsection (2), (3) or (4), the Board

shall not consider any revenues derived by a rights holder or former rights holder before

December 20, 1991 or any revenues derived by a former rights holder after they ceased to

be entitled to the benefit of the patent or certificate of supplementary protection, as the

case may be, or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent or certificate.

Right to hearing

(6) Before the Board makes an order under this section, it shall provide the rights holder or

former rights holder with a reasonable opportunity to be heard.

Limitation period

(7) No order may be made under this section in respect of a former rights holder who,

more than three years before the day on which the proceedings in the matter commenced,

ceased to be entitled to the benefit of the patent or certificate of supplementary protection,

as the case may be, or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent or certificate.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 51

1993, c. 2, s. 7

51 (1) Subsections 84(1) and (2) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Compliance

84 (1) A rights holder or former rights holder who is required by any order made under

section 83 to reduce the price of a medicine shall commence compliance with the order

within one month after the date of the order or within a greater period after that date that

the Board determines is practical and reasonable, having regard to the circumstances of

the rights holder or former rights holder.

Compliance

(2) A rights holder or former rights holder who is directed by any order made under section

83 to pay an amount to Her Majesty shall pay that amount within one month after the date

of the order or within a greater period after that date that the Board determines is practical

and reasonable, having regard to the circumstances of the rights holder or former rights

holder.

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(2) Subsection 84(3) of the English version of the Act is replaced by the following:

Debt due to Her Majesty

(3) An amount payable by a rights holder or former rights holder to Her Majesty under any

order made under section 83 constitutes a debt due to Her Majesty and may be recovered

in any court of competent jurisdiction.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 52

1993, c. 2, s. 7

52 Subsection 85(3) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Research costs

(3) In determining under section 83 whether a medicine is being or has been sold in any

market in Canada at an excessive price, the Board shall not take into consideration

research costs other than the Canadian portion of the world costs related to the research

that led to the invention pertaining to that medicine or to the development and

commercialization of that invention, calculated in proportion to the ratio of sales by the

rights holder in Canada of that medicine to total world sales.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 53

1993, c. 2, s. 7

53 Subsections 88(1) and (2) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Sales and expense information, etc., to be provided

88 (1) A rights holder for an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in

accordance with the regulations, or as the Board may, by order, require, provide the Board

with the information and documents that the regulations or the order may specify

respecting

(a) the identity of the licensees in Canada of the rights holder;

(b) the revenue of the rights holder, and details of the source of the revenue, whether

direct or indirect, from sales of medicine in Canada; and

(c) the expenditures made by the rights holder in Canada on research and

development relating to medicine.

Additional information

(2) If the Board believes on reasonable grounds that any person has information or

documents pertaining to the value of sales of medicine in Canada by a rights holder or the

expenditures made by a rights holder in Canada on research and development relating to

medicine, the Board may, by order, require the person to provide the Board with any of the

information or documents that are specified in the order, or with copies of them.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 54

1993, c. 2, s. 7

54 (1) Subsection 89(1) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Report

89 (1) The Board shall in each year submit to the Minister a report setting out

(a) the Board’s estimate of the proportion, as a percentage, that the expenditures of

each rights holder in Canada in the preceding year on research and development

relating to medicine is of the revenues of those rights holders from sales of medicine in

Canada in that year; and

(b) the Board’s estimate of the proportion, as a percentage, that the total of the

expenditures of rights holders in Canada in the preceding year on research and

development relating to medicine is of the total of the revenues of those rights holders

from sales of medicine in Canada in that year.

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(2) Subsection 89(3) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Exception

(3) The Board shall, in the report, identify the rights holders in respect of whom an

estimate referred to in subsection (1) is given in the report, and may, in the report, identify

any person who has failed to comply with subsection 88(1) or (2) at any time in the year in

respect of which the report is made.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 55

1993, c. 2, s. 7

55 Subsection 96(4) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Guidelines

(4) Subject to subsection (5), the Board may issue guidelines with respect to any matter

within its jurisdiction but such guidelines are not binding on the Board or any rights holder

or former rights holder.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 56

1993, c. 2, s. 7

56 Subsections 100(2) and (3) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Contents

(2) The report shall contain

(a) a summary of pricing trends in the pharmaceutical industry; and

(b) the name of each rights holder and former rights holder in respect of whom an order

was made under subsection 81(1) or 82(2) or section 83 during the year and a

statement as to the status of the matter in respect of which the order was made.

Report summary

(3) The summary referred to in paragraph (2)(a) may be based on information and

documents provided to the Board by any rights holder or former rights holder under section

80, 81 or 82 or in any proceeding under section 83, but shall not be set out in a manner

that would make it possible to identify that rights holder or former rights holder.

— 2017, c. 6, s. 57

1993, c. 2, s. 7

57 (1) Paragraph 101(1)(d) of the English version of the Act is replaced by the

following:

(d) specifying factors for the purposes of subsection 85(1) or (2), including factors

relating to the introductory price of any medicine to which a patented invention, or

invention protected by a certificate of supplementary protection, pertains;

1993, c. 2, s. 7

(2) Paragraph 101(1)(h) of the English version of the Act is replaced by the

following:

(h) requiring or authorizing the Board to perform the duties, in addition to those

provided for in this Act, that are specified in the regulations, including duties to be

performed by the Board in relation to the introductory price of any medicine to which a

patented invention, or invention protected by a certificate of supplementary protection,

pertains; and

— 2017, c. 6, s. 58

1999, c. 26, s. 50

58 Section 103 of the Act is replaced by the following:

Agreements with provinces

103 The Minister may enter into agreements with any province respecting the distribution

of, and may pay to that province out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund, amounts received

or collected by the Receiver General under section 83 or 84 or in respect of an

undertaking given by a rights holder or former rights holder that is accepted by the Board

in lieu of holding a hearing or making an order under section 83, less any costs incurred in

relation to the collection and distribution of those amounts.

— 2017, c. 6, ss. 135(1), (6), (10)

2014, c. 39

135 (1) In this section, other Act means the Economic Action Plan 2014 Act, No. 2.

(6) On the first day on which both subsection 118(5) of the other Act and subsection

34(3) of this Act are in force, paragraph 12(1)(j.8) of the Patent Act is replaced by the

following:

(j.8) authorizing the Commissioner to, during or after the end of the time period fixed

under this Act in respect of any business before the Patent Office, for doing anything,

extend that time period, subject to any prescribed terms and conditions, if the

Commissioner considers that the circumstances justify the extension;

(10) On the first day on which both section 134 of the other Act and section 59 of

this Act are in force, subsection 118(1) of the Patent Act is replaced by the

following:

Transfer of patent

118 (1) Despite subsection 49(1), a certificate of supplementary protection, or an

application for one, is not transferable other than by the transfer of the patent, or part of

the patent, that is set out in the certificate or application.

— 2017, c. 6, ss. 136(1), (2)

2015, c. 36

136 (1) In this section, other Act means the Economic Action Plan 2015 Act, No. 1.

(2) On the first day on which both subsection 53(3) of the other Act and section 59

of this Act are in force, the portion of paragraph 12(1)(j.81) of the Patent Act before

subparagraph (i) is replaced by the following:

(j.81) respecting the correction of obvious errors in documents submitted to the

Commissioner or the Patent Office or in patents or other documents granted or issued

under this Act, other than under sections 106 to 134, including

— 2018, c. 27, s. 189

189 Subsection 36(4) of the Act is replaced by the following:

Separate applications

(4) A divisional application shall be deemed to be a separate and distinct application under

this Act, to which its provisions apply as fully as may be, and separate fees shall be paid

on the divisional application and, except for the purposes of subsections 27(6) and (7), it

shall have the same filing date as the original application.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 198(2)

198 (2) Section 124 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subsection

(2):

Regulations

(2.1) The Governor in Council may make regulations respecting

(a) factors that the court may consider, must consider or is not permitted to consider in

determining whether an act is, or is not, committed for the purpose of experimentation

relating to the subject-matter of the certificate of supplementary protection; and

(b) circumstances in which an act is, or is not, committed for the purpose of

experimentation relating to the subject-matter of the certificate of supplementary

protection.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 211

2015, c. 36

211 (1) In this section, other Act means the Economic Action Plan 2015 Act, No. 1.

(2) If section 65 of the other Act comes into force before section 189 of this Act, then

(a) that section 189 is deemed never to have come into force and is repealed; and

(b) subsection 36(4) of the Patent Act is replaced by the following:

Separate applications

(4) A divisional application shall be deemed to be a separate and distinct application under

this Act, to which its provisions apply as fully as may be, and separate fees shall be paid

on the divisional application and, except for the purposes of subsections 27(6) and (7), it

shall have the same filing date as the original application.

(3) If section 65 of the other Act comes into force on the same day as section 189 of

this Act, then that section 189 is deemed to have come into force before that section

65.

(4) On the first day on which both section 65 of the other Act and section 191 of this

Act are in force, subsection 53.1(2) of the French version of the Patent Act is

replaced by the following:

Demande divisionnaire

(2) Pour l’application du présent article, la poursuite de toute demande divisionnaire est

réputée comprendre la poursuite de la demande originale avant le dépôt de cette

demande divisionnaire.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 249

249 Section 2 of the Patent Act is amended by adding the following in alphabetical

order:

patent agent has the same meaning as in section 2 of the College of Patent Agents and

Trade-mark Agents Act; (agent de brevets)

— 2018, c. 27, s. 250(1)

250 (1) Paragraph 12(1)(j) of the Act is repealed.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 250(3)

250 (3) Subsection 12(1) of the Act is amended by adding the following after

paragraph (j.002):

(j.003) respecting the circumstances in which an applicant, patentee or other person

may or must be represented in business before the Patent Office by a patent agent

whose licence is not suspended or by another person;

— 2018, c. 27, s. 251

251 Sections 15 and 16 of the Act are repealed.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 252

252 (1) Paragraph 16.1(1)(a) of the Act is replaced by the following:

(a) it is between a patent agent and their client;

(2) Subsections 16.1(4) and (5) of the Act are replaced by the following:

Patent agents — country other than Canada

(4) A communication between an individual who is authorized to act as the equivalent of a

patent agent under the law of a country other than Canada and that individual’s client that

is privileged under the law of that other country and that would be privileged under

subsection (1) had it been made between a patent agent and their client is deemed to be a

communication that meets the conditions set out in paragraphs (1)(a) to (c).

Individual acting on behalf of patent agent or client

(5) For the purposes of this section, a patent agent or an individual who is authorized to

act as the equivalent of a patent agent under the law of a country other than Canada

includes an individual acting on their behalf and a client includes an individual acting on

the client’s behalf.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 253

253 Section 78.1 of the Act is replaced by the following:

Patent applications filed before October 1, 1989

78.1 Applications for patents in Canada filed before October 1, 1989 shall be dealt with

and disposed of in accordance with section 38.1 and with the provisions of this Act, other

than section 15, as they read immediately before October 1, 1989.

— 2018, c. 27, ss. 259(1), (3), (5) to (11)

2014, c. 39

259 (1) In this section, other Act means the Economic Action Plan 2014 Act, No. 2.

(3) If subsection 250(2) of this Act comes into force before subsection 118(4) of the

other Act, then, on the day on which that subsection 118(4) comes into force,

paragraphs 12(1)(j.001) and (j.002) of the Patent Act are repealed.

(5) If subsection 118(4) of the other Act comes into force before subsection 250(3) of

this Act, then

(a) that subsection 250(3) is repealed; and

(b) on the day on which section 249 of this Act comes into force, paragraph 12(1)

(j.01) of the Patent Act is replaced by the following:

(j.01) respecting the circumstances in which an applicant, patentee or other person

may or must be represented in business before the Patent Office by a patent agent

whose licence is not suspended or by another person;

(6) If subsection 250(3) of this Act comes into force before subsection 118(4) of the

other Act, then, on the day on which that subsection 118(4) comes into force,

(a) paragraph 12(1)(j.003) of the Patent Act is repealed; and

(b) paragraph 12(1)(j.01) of the Patent Act is replaced by the following:

(j.01) respecting the circumstances in which an applicant, patentee or other person

may or must be represented in business before the Patent Office by a patent agent

whose licence is not suspended or by another person;

(7) If subsection 118(4) of the other Act comes into force on the same day as

subsection 250(3) of this Act, then

(a) that subsection 250(3) is deemed never to have come into force and is

repealed; and

(b) paragraph 12(1)(j.01) of the Patent Act is replaced by the following:

(j.01) respecting the circumstances in which an applicant, patentee or other person

may or must be represented in business before the Patent Office by a patent agent

whose licence is not suspended or by another person;

(8) If section 251 of this Act comes into force before section 119 of the other Act,

then that section 119 is repealed.

(9) If section 119 of the other Act comes into force on the same day as section 251

of this Act, then that section 119 is deemed never to have come into force and is

repealed.

(10) If section 139 of the other Act comes into force before section 253 of this Act,

then that section 253 is repealed.

(11) If section 139 of the other Act comes into force on the same day as section 253

of this Act, then that section 253 is deemed never to have come into force and is

repealed.

— 2018, c. 27, s. 260

2014, c. 39 and 2015, c. 36

260 (1) The following definitions apply in this section.

first Act means the Economic Action Plan 2014 Act, No. 2. (première loi)

second Act means the Economic Action Plan 2015 Act, No. 1. (deuxième loi)

(2) On the first day on which both section 139 of the first Act and section 251 of this

Act are in force,

(a) paragraph 78.22(b) of the Patent Act is amended by striking out the reference

to “15” and by making any grammatical changes that the circumstances require;

and

(b) section 64 of the second Act, if it is not in force on that day, is amended by

striking out the reference to “15” in the paragraph 78.22(b) that it enacts and by

making any grammatical changes to that paragraph that the circumstances

require.

(3) If subsection (2) produces its effects on the day on which section 64 of the

second Act comes into force, then that section 64 is deemed to have come into

force before that subsection produces its effects.

(4) On the first day on which section 139 of the first Act is in force and either section

205 of this Act is in force or subsection 210(6) of this Act has produced its effects,

(a) paragraph 78.22(b) of the Patent Act is amended by striking out the reference

to “15.1” and by making any grammatical changes that the circumstances

require; and

(b) section 64 of the second Act, if it is not in force on that day, is amended by

striking out the reference to “15.1” in the paragraph 78.22(b) that it enacts and by

making any grammatical changes to that paragraph that the circumstances

require.

(5) If subsection (4) produces its effects on the day on which section 64 of the

second Act comes into force, then that section 64 is deemed to have come into

force before that subsection produces its effects.

Loi sur les brevets

L.R.C. (1985), ch. P-4

(telle que modifiée jusqu'au 13 décembre 2018)

Loi concernant les brevets d’invention

Titre abrégé

Titre abrégé

1 Loi sur les brevets.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 1.

Définitions

Définitions

2 Sauf disposition contraire, les définitions qui suivent s’appliquent à la présente loi.

brevet Lettres patentes couvrant une invention. (patent)

breveté ou titulaire d’un brevet Le titulaire ayant pour le moment droit à

l’avantage d’un brevet. (patentee)

certificat de protection supplémentaire Le certificat délivré par le ministre de la

Santé en vertu de l’article 113. (certificate of supplementary protection)

commissaire Le commissaire aux brevets. (Commissioner)

date de dépôt La date du dépôt d’une demande de brevet, déterminée

conformément à l’article 28. (filing date)

date de priorité [Abrogée, 1993, ch. 15, art. 26]

demande de priorité La demande visée à l’article 28.4. (request for priority)

demandeur Sont assimilés à un demandeur un inventeur et les représentants

légaux d’un demandeur ou d’un inventeur. (applicant)

exploitation sur une échelle commerciale [Abrogée, 1993, ch. 44, art. 189]

invention Toute réalisation, tout procédé, toute machine, fabrication ou composition

de matières, ainsi que tout perfectionnement de l’un d’eux, présentant le caractère

de la nouveauté et de l’utilité. (invention)

ministre Le ministre de l’Industrie ou tel autre membre du Conseil privé de la Reine

pour le Canada chargé par le gouverneur en conseil de l’application de la présente

loi. (Minister)

pays Notamment un membre de l’OMC au sens du paragraphe 2(1) de la Loi de

mise en oeuvre de l’Accord sur l’Organisation mondiale du commerce. (country)

prédécesseur en droit Est assimilée à un prédécesseur en droit toute personne

par l’intermédiaire de laquelle le demandeur de brevet réclame le droit à celui-ci.

(predecessor in title)

règle S’entend notamment d’un règlement ou d’une formule. (rule)

règlement S’entend notamment d’une règle ou d’une formule. (regulation)

règlement et règle [Abrogée, 2017, ch. 6, art. 32]

réglementaire Prescrit par règle ou règlement du gouverneur en conseil; dans le

cas où le terme qualifie une taxe, s’entend en outre d’une taxe dont le montant est

déterminé selon les modalités réglementaires. (prescribed)

représentants légaux Sont assimilés aux représentants légaux les héritiers,

exécuteurs testamentaires, administrateurs successoraux, liquidateurs de la

succession, curateurs, tuteurs, cessionnaires, ainsi que toutes autres personnes

réclamant par l’intermédiaire de demandeurs et de titulaires de brevets ou de

certificats de protection supplémentaire. (legal representatives)

etaxe réglementaire [Abrogée, L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3 suppl.), art. 1]

titulaire Relativement à un certificat de protection supplémentaire, la personne

ayant pour le moment droit à l’avantage du certificat. (holder)

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 2; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 1; 1992, ch. 1, art. 145(F); 1993, ch. 2,

art. 2, ch. 15, art. 26, ch. 44, art. 189; 1994, ch. 47, art. 141; 1995, ch. 1, art. 62; 2017, ch. 6, art. 32.

Sa Majesté

Obligation de Sa Majesté

2.1 La présente loi lie Sa Majesté du chef du Canada ou d’une province.

1993, ch. 44, art. 190.

Bureau des brevets et fonctionnaires

Bureau des brevets

3 Est attaché au ministère de l’Industrie, ou à tout autre ministère fédéral que le

gouverneur en conseil peut désigner, un bureau appelé le Bureau des brevets.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 3; 1992, ch. 1, art. 145(F); 1995, ch. 1, art. 63.

Commissaire aux brevets

4 (1) Le gouverneur en conseil peut nommer un commissaire aux brevets. Sous la

direction du ministre, celui-ci exerce les pouvoirs et fonctions qui lui sont attribués en

conformité avec la présente loi.

Fonctions du commissaire

(2) Le commissaire reçoit les demandes, taxes, pièces écrites, documents et

modèles pour brevets, fait et exécute tous les actes et choses nécessaires pour la

concession et la délivrance des brevets; il assure la direction et la garde des livres,

archives, pièces écrites, modèles, machines et autres choses appartenant au

Bureau des brevets, et, pour l’application de la présente loi, est revêtu de tous les

pouvoirs conférés ou qui peuvent être conférés par la Loi sur les enquêtes à un

commissaire nommé en vertu de la partie II de cette loi.

Occupation de poste et traitement

(3) Le commissaire occupe son poste à titre amovible et reçoit le traitement annuel

fixé par le gouverneur en conseil.

Délégation

(4) Le commissaire peut, après consultation avec le ministre, déléguer à toute

personne qu’il estime compétente les pouvoirs et fonctions que lui confère la

présente loi, sauf le pouvoir de déléguer prévu au présent paragraphe.

Appel

(5) Il peut être interjeté appel d’une décision prise en vertu de la présente loi par une

personne autorisée conformément au paragraphe (4) de la façon dont il peut être

interjeté appel d’une décision du commissaire prise en vertu de la présente loi, et

aux mêmes conditions.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 4; 1984, ch. 40, art. 57.

Sous-commissaire

5 (1) Un sous-commissaire aux brevets peut être nommé de la manière autorisée

par la loi. Il doit être un fonctionnaire spécialiste possédant de l’expérience dans

l’administration du Bureau des brevets.

Absence ou empêchement

(2) En cas d’absence ou d’empêchement du commissaire, le sous-commissaire, ou,

en cas d’absence ou d’empêchement de celui-ci, un autre fonctionnaire désigné par

le ministre, exerce les pouvoirs et fonctions du commissaire.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 5.

Personnel

6 Sont nommés, de la manière autorisée par la loi, les examinateurs principaux, les

examinateurs, les examinateurs associés, les examinateurs adjoints et les autres

personnes nécessaires à l’application de la présente loi.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 6.

Aucune vente ni aucun achat de brevets, etc.

7 (1) Il est interdit au personnel du Bureau des brevets d’acheter, de vendre ou

d’acquérir une invention, un brevet ou un droit à un brevet, un certificat de protection

supplémentaire ou un droit à un tel certificat, ou tout intérêt afférent, ou d’en faire le

commerce. Est nul tout achat, toute vente, toute acquisition ou tout transfert d’une

invention, d’un brevet, d’un droit à un brevet, d’un certificat de protection

supplémentaire ou d’un droit à un tel certificat, ou de tout intérêt afférent, auquel est

partie un membre du personnel du Bureau.

Restriction

(2) Le paragraphe (1) ne s’applique pas à une vente effectuée par l’auteur original

d’une invention, ni à une acquisition par dernier testament ou par succession ab

intestat d’une personne décédée.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 7; 2017, ch. 6, art. 33.

Erreurs d’écriture

8 Un document en dépôt au Bureau des brevets n’est pas invalide en raison

d’erreurs d’écriture; elles peuvent être corrigées sous l’autorité du commissaire.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 8; 1993, ch. 15, art. 27.

Transmission électronique

8.1 (1) Sous réserve des règlements, les documents, renseignements ou taxes dont

la présente loi exige ou autorise la remise au commissaire peuvent lui être transmis

sous forme électronique ou autre, de la manière qu’il précise.

Date de réception

(2) Pour l’application de la présente loi, les documents, renseignements ou taxes

ainsi transmis sont réputés avoir été reçus par le commissaire au moment déterminé

par règlement.

1993, ch. 15, art. 27.

Mise en mémoire

8.2 Sous réserve des règlements, les documents ou renseignements reçus par le

commissaire, en application de la présente loi, sous forme électronique ou autre,

peuvent être mis en mémoire par tout procédé, notamment mécanographique ou

informatique, susceptible de les restituer en clair dans un délai raisonnable.

1993, ch. 15, art. 27.

Perte ou destruction de brevets

9 En cas de destruction ou de perte d’un brevet, il peut en être délivré une copie

certifiée, en remplacement du brevet qui aura été détruit ou perdu, sur paiement de

la taxe réglementaire.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 9.

Consultation des documents

10 (1) Sous réserve des paragraphes (2) à (6) et de l’article 20, les brevets,

demandes de brevet et documents relatifs à ceux-ci que le Bureau des brevets a en

sa possession peuvent y être consultés aux conditions réglementaires.

Période de non-consultation

(2) Sauf sur autorisation du demandeur, une demande de brevet et les documents

relatifs à celle-ci ne peuvent être consultés avant l’expiration d’une période de dix-

huit mois.

Calcul de la période

(3) La période se calcule à compter de la date de dépôt de la demande de brevet ou,

si une demande de priorité a été présentée à l’égard de celle-ci, de la date de dépôt

de la première demande antérieurement déposée de façon régulière sur laquelle la

demande de priorité est fondée.

Demande de priorité retirée

(4) Pour l’application du paragraphe (3), le retrait total ou partiel d’une demande de

priorité, au plus tard à la date réglementaire, vaut présomption de non-présentation

de la demande.

Demande de brevet retirée

(5) La demande de brevet qui est retirée, conformément aux règlements, à la date

réglementaire ou avant celle-ci ne peut être consultée.

Dates

(6) Les dates réglementaires visées aux paragraphes (4) et (5) ne peuvent être

postérieures à la date de l’expiration de la période visée au paragraphe (2).

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 10; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 2; 1993, ch. 15, art. 28; 2018, ch. 27,

art. 187.

Brevets délivrés à l’étranger

11 Nonobstant l’exception que renferme l’article 10, le commissaire informe toute

personne qui déclare par écrit le nom de l’inventeur, si ce nom est disponible, le titre

de l’invention ainsi que le numéro et la date d’un brevet rapporté comme ayant été

accordé dans un pays désigné autre que le Canada, et qui acquitte ou offre

d’acquitter la taxe réglementaire, si une demande de brevet pour la même invention

est en instance au Canada.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 11.

Règles et règlements

Règles et règlements

12 (1) Le gouverneur en conseil peut, par règle ou règlement :

a) régir la forme et le contenu des demandes de brevet;

b) prévoir la forme du registre des brevets et de ses index;

c) prévoir l’enregistrement de tous documents — cessions, transmissions,

renonciations, jugements ou autres — relatifs à un brevet;

d) prévoir la forme et le contenu des certificats délivrés sous le régime de la

présente loi;

e) prescrire les taxes qui peuvent être levées pour le dépôt des demandes de

brevet ou les autres formalités d’application de la présente loi ou de ses règles ou

règlements ou pour des services ou l’utilisation d’installations qui y sont prévus

par le commissaire ou par tout fonctionnaire du Bureau des brevets ou prescrire

les modalités de la détermination de ces taxes;

f) prescrire les taxes à payer pour le maintien en état des demandes de brevet

ainsi que des droits conférés par les brevets ou les modalités de leur

détermination;

g) régir le paiement des taxes réglementaires, y compris le moment et la manière

selon laquelle ces taxes doivent être payées, les surtaxes qui peuvent être levées

pour les paiements en souffrance, ainsi que les circonstances dans lesquelles les

taxes peuvent être remboursées en tout ou en partie;

h) rendre effectives les stipulations de tout traité, convention, accord ou entente

qui subsiste entre le Canada et tout autre pays;

i) par dérogation aux autres dispositions de la présente loi, mettre en oeuvre le

Traité de coopération en matière de brevets, conclu à Washington le 19 juin

1970, ainsi que les modifications et révisions éventuellement apportées à celui-ci

et auxquelles le Canada est partie;

j) prévoir l’inscription, le maintien et la suppression des noms de personne et

d’entreprise dans le registre des agents de brevets, et notamment les conditions

que doit remplir toute personne ou entreprise pour que son nom soit ainsi inscrit

et maintenu;

j.001) régir la fourniture — sous forme électronique ou autre ou par des moyens

électroniques — de documents ou de renseignements au commissaire ou au

Bureau des brevets, notamment le moment où ils sont réputés les avoir reçus;

j.002) régir les communications entre le commissaire et toute autre personne;

j.1) régir la transmission des documents, renseignements et taxes visés à l’article

8.1, notamment en déterminant ceux qui peuvent être remis au titre du

paragraphe 8.1(1), les personnes ou catégories de personnes habilitées à cet

effet et les règles d’application du paragraphe 8.1(2);

j.2) régir la mise en mémoire des renseignements et documents visés à l’article

8.2;

j.3) déterminer les modalités de retrait des demandes de brevet et, pour

l’application des paragraphes 10(4) et (5), préciser les dates, ou leur mode de

détermination, de retrait des demandes de priorité et des demandes de brevet;

j.4) régir les demandes de priorité, notamment en ce qui a trait à leur délai de

présentation, aux renseignements et documents à fournir à l’appui de celles-ci,

au délai de transmission au commissaire de ces renseignements et documents

ainsi qu’au retrait de ces demandes;

j.5) déterminer le délai de présentation des requêtes d’examen et fixer les taxes à

payer aux termes du paragraphe 35(1);

j.6) régir le dépôt de matières biologiques visé à l’article 38.1;

j.7) déterminer les modalités de modification des mémoires descriptifs et des

dessins faisant partie de la demande de brevet;

j.8) autoriser le commissaire, si celui-ci estime que les circonstances le justifient,

à proroger, aux conditions réglementaires, tout délai fixé sous le régime de la

présente loi relativement à toute affaire devant le Bureau des brevets pour

l’accomplissement d’un acte;

k) prendre toute autre mesure d’ordre réglementaire prévue par la présente loi;

l) prendre toute autre mesure d’application de la présente loi ou pour en assurer

la mise en oeuvre par le commissaire et le personnel du Bureau des brevets.

Effet

(2) Toute règle ou tout règlement pris par le gouverneur en conseil a la même force

et le même effet que s’il avait été édicté aux présentes.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 12; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 3; 1993, ch. 15, art. 29; 2017, ch. 6,

art. 34; 2018, ch. 27, art. 250.

Sceau

Sceau du Bureau

13 (1) Le commissaire fait faire un sceau répondant aux fins de la présente loi, et

peut le faire apposer sur tous les brevets et autres documents, et leurs copies,

émanant du Bureau des brevets.

Le sceau fait foi

(2) Les tribunaux, juges et autres personnes admettent d’office le sceau du Bureau

des brevets et en admettent les empreintes en preuve, au même titre que les

empreintes du grand sceau. Il en va de même, sans autre justification et sans

production des originaux, pour toutes les copies ou tous les extraits certifiés, sous le

sceau du Bureau des brevets, être des copies ou des extraits conformes de

documents déposés à ce Bureau.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 13.

Preuve des brevets

Copies certifiées de brevets admises en preuve

14 Dans toute poursuite ou procédure relative à un brevet, autorisée à être prise ou

exercée au Canada en vertu de la présente loi, une copie de tout brevet accordé

dans un autre pays, ou de tout document officiel qui s’y rapporte, paraissant certifiée

de la main du fonctionnaire compétent du gouvernement du pays dans lequel ce

brevet a été obtenu, peut être produite au tribunal, ou à un juge du tribunal, et la

copie de ce brevet ou de ce document paraissant être ainsi certifiée peut être

admise en preuve sans production de l’original et sans justification de la signature ou

du caractère officiel de la personne qui paraît l’avoir signée.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 14.

Agents de brevets

Registre des agents de brevets

15 Au Bureau des brevets est tenu un registre des agents de brevets sur lequel sont

inscrits les noms de toutes les personnes et entreprises ayant le droit de représenter

les demandeurs dans la présentation et la poursuite des demandes de brevet ou

dans toute autre affaire devant le Bureau des brevets.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 15; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 4.

Inconduite

16 Pour inconduite grossière, ou pour toute autre cause qu’il juge suffisante, le

commissaire peut refuser de reconnaître une personne comme procureur ou agent

de brevets, soit dans tous les cas en général, soit dans un cas particulier.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 16.

Communication protégée

16.1 (1) La communication qui remplit les conditions ci-après est protégée de la

même façon que le sont les communications visées par le secret professionnel de

l’avocat ou du notaire et nul ne peut être contraint, dans le cadre de toute action ou

procédure civile, pénale ou administrative, de la divulguer ou de fournir un

témoignage à son égard :

a) elle est faite entre une personne physique dont le nom est inscrit sur le registre

des agents de brevets et son client;

b) elle est destinée à être confidentielle;

c) elle vise à donner ou à recevoir des conseils en ce qui a trait à toute affaire

relative à la protection d’une invention.

Renonciation

(2) Le paragraphe (1) ne s’applique pas si le client renonce expressément ou

implicitement à la protection de la communication.

Exceptions

(3) Les exceptions au secret professionnel de l’avocat ou du notaire s’appliquent à la

communication qui remplit les conditions visées aux alinéas (1)a) à c).

Agents de brevets d’un pays étranger

(4) La communication faite entre une personne physique autorisée, en vertu du droit

d’un pays étranger, à agir à titre d’agent de brevets et son client qui est protégée au

titre de ce droit et qui serait protégée au titre du paragraphe (1) si elle avait été faite

entre une personne physique dont le nom est inscrit sur le registre des agents de

brevets et son client est réputée être une communication qui remplit les conditions

visées aux alinéas (1)a) à c).

Personnes physiques agissant au nom des agents de brevets ou clients

(5) Pour l’application du présent article, la personne physique dont le nom est inscrit

sur le registre des agents de brevets ou qui est autorisée, en vertu du droit d’un pays

étranger, à agir à titre d’agent de brevets comprend la personne physique agissant

en son nom, et le client comprend la personne physique agissant en son nom.

Application

(6) Le présent article s’applique aux communications qui sont faites avant la date

d’entrée en vigueur de celui-ci si, à cette date, elles sont toujours confidentielles et à

celles qui sont faites après cette date. Toutefois, il ne s’applique pas dans le cadre

de toute action ou procédure commencée avant cette date.

2015, ch. 36, art. 54.

Appels

Pratique d’appel

17 Dans tous les cas où appel est prévu de la décision du commissaire à la Cour

fédérale en vertu de la présente loi, cet appel est interjeté conformément à la Loi sur

les Cours fédérales et aux règles et à la pratique de ce tribunal.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 17; 2002, ch. 8, art. 182.

Avis d’appel

18 (1) Lorsque, aux termes de la présente loi, il peut être fait appel de sa décision

devant la Cour fédérale, le commissaire adresse, par courrier recommandé, un avis

de sa décision aux parties intéressées ou à leurs agents respectifs.

Délai

(2) L’appel doit être interjeté dans un délai de trois mois à compter de la date de

l’envoi de cet avis, à moins qu’un autre délai ne soit fixé sous le régime de la

présente loi.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 18; 1993, ch. 15, art. 30.

Usages de brevets par le gouvernement

Demande d’usage d’une invention brevetée par le gouvernement

19 (1) Sous réserve de l’article 19.1, le commissaire peut, sur demande du

gouvernement du Canada ou d’une province, autoriser celui-ci à faire usage d’une

invention brevetée.

Modalités

(2) Sous réserve de l’article 19.1, l’usage de l’invention brevetée peut être autorisé

aux fins, pour la durée et selon les autres modalités que le commissaire estime

convenables. Celui-ci fixe ces modalités en tenant compte des principes suivants :

a) la portée et la durée de l’usage doivent être limitées aux fins auxquelles celui-

ci a été autorisé;

b) l’usage ne peut être exclusif;

c) l’usage doit être avant tout autorisé pour l’approvisionnement du marché

intérieur.

Avis

(3) Le commissaire avise le breveté des usages de l’invention brevetée qui sont

autorisés sous le régime du présent article.

Paiement d’une rémunération

(4) L’usager de l’invention brevetée paie au breveté la rémunération que le

commissaire estime adéquate en l’espèce, compte tenu de la valeur économique de

l’autorisation.

Fin de l’autorisation

(5) Le commissaire peut, sur demande du breveté et après avoir donné aux

intéressés la possibilité de se faire entendre, mettre fin à l’autorisation s’il est

convaincu que les circonstances qui y ont conduit ont cessé d’exister et ne se

reproduiront vraisemblablement pas. Le cas échéant, il doit toutefois veiller à ce que

les intérêts légitimes des personnes autorisées soient protégés de façon adéquate.

Incessibilité

(6) L’autorisation prévue au présent article est incessible.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 19; 1993, ch. 44, art. 191.

Conditions préalables

19.1 (1) Le commissaire ne peut donner l’autorisation visée à l’article 19 que si le

demandeur lui démontre que :

a) d’une part, il s’est efforcé d’obtenir l’autorisation auprès du breveté, à des

conditions et modalités commerciales raisonnables;

b) d’autre part, ses efforts n’ont pas abouti dans un délai raisonnable.

Exception

(2) Le paragraphe (1) ne s’applique pas dans les cas de situation nationale critique

ou d’extrême urgence ou dans les cas où l’autorisation est demandée à des fins

publiques non commerciales.

Usages prévus par règlement

(3) Le commissaire ne peut s’appuyer sur l’article 19 pour autoriser des usages

prévus par règlement, à moins que l’usager éventuel ne respecte les conditions

réglementaires.

Limitation — semi-conducteurs

(4) Le commissaire ne peut s’appuyer sur l’article 19 pour autoriser l’usage de la

technologie des semi-conducteurs, sauf dans les cas où l’autorisation est demandée

à des fins publiques non commerciales.

1993, ch. 44, art. 191; 1994, ch. 47, art. 142.

Appel

19.2 Toute décision rendue par le commissaire dans le cadre des articles 19 ou 19.1

peut faire l’objet d’un appel devant la Cour fédérale.

1993, ch. 44, art. 191.

Règlements

19.3 (1) Le gouverneur en conseil peut prendre, concernant les brevets, des

règlements pour la mise en oeuvre de l’article 1720 de l’Accord.

Définition de Accord

(2) Au paragraphe (1), Accord s’entend au sens du paragraphe 2(1) de la Loi de

mise en oeuvre de l’Accord de libre-échange nord-américain.

1993, ch. 44, art. 191.

Brevets appartenant au gouvernement

Cession au ministre de la Défense nationale

20 (1) Tout membre de l’administration publique fédérale ou du personnel d’une

personne morale qui est un agent ou au service de la Couronne, qui, dans l’exercice

de ses fonctions ou dans le cadre de son emploi, réalise une invention portant sur

des instruments ou munitions de guerre, est tenu, s’il en est requis par le ministre de

la Défense nationale, de céder à celui-ci, pour le compte de Sa Majesté, le plein

bénéfice de l’invention et de tout brevet obtenu ou à obtenir pour celle-ci.

Idem

(2) Toute autre personne qui est l’auteur d’une telle invention peut céder au ministre

de la Défense nationale, pour le compte de Sa Majesté, le plein bénéfice de

l’invention et de tout brevet obtenu ou à obtenir pour celle-ci.

L’inventeur a droit à une indemnité

(3) L’inventeur visé au paragraphe (2) a droit à une indemnité pour une cession au

ministre de la Défense nationale prévue dans la présente loi. S’il n’a pas été

convenu de la considération à verser pour une telle cession, le commissaire en

détermine le montant, mais il peut être interjeté appel de sa décision à la Cour

fédérale.

Procédures devant la Cour fédérale

(4) Les procédures intentées devant la Cour fédérale sous le régime du paragraphe

(3) ont lieu à huis clos, sur demande formulée au tribunal par une des parties.

La cession attribue les avantages

(5) La cession attribue efficacement au ministre de la Défense nationale, pour le

compte de Sa Majesté, le bénéfice de l’invention et du brevet, et tous les

engagements et conventions y contenus aux fins de garder, notamment, l’invention

secrète sont valables et efficaces, nonobstant toute absence de contrepartie, et

peuvent être exécutés en conséquence par le ministre de la Défense nationale.

Cédant et personne ayant connaissance de la cession

(6) Toute personne qui a fait au ministre de la Défense nationale une cession prévue

au présent article, en ce qui concerne les engagements et conventions contenus

dans cette cession aux fins de garder, notamment, l’invention secrète et en ce qui

concerne toutes matières relatives à l’invention en question, et toute autre personne

qui est au courant d’une telle cession et de ces engagements et conventions sont,

pour l’application de la Loi sur la protection de l’information, réputées des personnes

ayant en leur possession ou sous leur contrôle des renseignements sur ces matières

qui leur ont été commis en toute confiance par une personne détenant un poste qui

relève de Sa Majesté. La communication de l’un de ces renseignements par les

personnes mentionnées en premier lieu à une personne autre que celle avec

laquelle elles sont autorisées à communiquer par le ministre de la Défense nationale

ou en son nom, constitue une infraction à l’article 4 de la Loi sur la protection de

l’information.

Le ministre peut présenter une demande de brevet

(7) Lorsqu’une convention a été conclue pour une telle cession, le ministre de la

Défense nationale peut présenter au commissaire une demande de brevet pour

l’invention, accompagnée d’une requête pour étude en vue de déterminer si elle est

brevetable, et si cette demande est jugée recevable, il peut, avant que soit accordé

tout brevet en l’espèce, certifier au commissaire que, dans l’intérêt public, les détails

de l’invention et de la manière dont elle sera exploitée doivent être tenus secrets.

Demande secrète

(8) Si le ministre de la Défense nationale le certifie, la demande et le mémoire

descriptif, avec le dessin, le cas échéant, ainsi que toute modification de la demande

et toutes copies de ces documents et dessin, de même que le brevet accordé en

l’espèce, sont placés dans un paquet scellé par le commissaire sous l’autorité du

ministre de la Défense nationale.

Garde de la demande secrète

(9) Jusqu’à l’expiration de la période durant laquelle un brevet pour l’invention peut

être en vigueur, le paquet est gardé scellé par le commissaire, et il ne peut être

ouvert que sous l’autorité d’un arrêté du ministre de la Défense nationale.

Transmission de la demande secrète

(10) Le paquet est remis pendant la durée du brevet à toute personne autorisée par

le ministre de la Défense nationale à le recevoir, et, s’il est retourné au commissaire,

ce dernier le garde scellé.

Transmission au ministre

(11) À l’expiration de la durée du brevet, le paquet est transmis au ministre de la

Défense nationale.

Révocation

(12) Nulle procédure par voie de pétition ou autrement n’est recevable en vue de

faire déclarer invalide ou nul un brevet concédé pour une invention à l’égard de

laquelle le ministre de la Défense nationale a donné un certificat aux termes du

paragraphe (7), sauf sur permission de ce dernier.

Interdiction relative à la publication et l’inspection

(13) Aucune copie d’un mémoire descriptif ou autre document ou dessin à placer

dans un paquet scellé, aux termes du présent article, ne peut de quelque manière

que ce soit être publiée ni être accessible à l’inspection du public. Toutefois, sauf

prescriptions contraires du présent article, la présente loi s’applique à l’égard d’une

invention et d’un brevet qui y sont visés.

Renonciation par le ministre

(14) Le ministre de la Défense nationale peut renoncer aux avantages du présent

article en ce qui concerne une invention particulière et, dès lors, le mémoire

descriptif, les documents et le dessin sont gardés et traités de la manière régulière.

Droits sauvegardés

(15) Il ne peut être fait droit à une réclamation concernant une contrefaçon de brevet

qui s’est produite de bonne foi pendant la période où le brevet a été tenu secret sous

le régime du présent article. Quiconque, avant la publication de ce brevet, avait

accompli de bonne foi un acte qui, sans le présent paragraphe, aurait donné lieu à

une telle réclamation, a droit, après la publication en question, d’obtenir une licence

pour fabriquer, utiliser et vendre l’invention brevetée aux termes qui, en l’absence de

convention entre les parties, peuvent être arrêtés par le commissaire ou par la Cour

fédérale sur appel de la décision du commissaire.

Communication au ministre

(16) La communication au ministre de la Défense nationale, ou à toute personne

autorisée par ce dernier à en faire l’examen ou à en étudier les mérites, de toute

invention destinée à un perfectionnement de munitions de guerre, n’est pas réputée,

non plus qu’une chose faite aux fins de l’enquête, constituer un usage ou une

publication de cette invention qui puisse nuire à l’octroi ou à la validité d’un brevet à

cet égard.

Décret pour tenir secrète la demande non cédée

(17) Si le gouverneur en conseil est convaincu qu’une invention relative à tout

instrument ou munition de guerre, décrite dans une demande spécifiée de brevet

non cédée au ministre de la Défense nationale, est essentielle à la défense du

Canada et que la publication d’un brevet en l’espèce devrait être empêchée afin de

maintenir la sécurité de l’État, il peut ordonner que ces invention et demande ainsi

que tous les documents s’y rattachant soient traités, pour l’application du présent

article, comme si l’invention avait été cédée, ou comme s’il avait été convenu de

céder l’invention, au ministre de la Défense nationale.

Règles

(18) Le gouverneur en conseil peut établir des règles pour assurer le secret en ce

qui concerne les demandes et les brevets visés par le présent article et, d’une façon

générale, pour son application.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 20; 2001, ch. 41, art. 36.

Accord entre le Canada et un autre gouvernement

21 Si, aux termes d’un accord entre le gouvernement du Canada et tout autre

gouvernement, il est prévu que le gouvernement du Canada appliquera l’article 20

aux inventions décrites dans une demande de brevet cédé par l’inventeur, ou que

celui-ci convient de céder, à cet autre gouvernement, et si un ministre avise le

commissaire que cet accord s’étend à l’invention dans une demande spécifiée, cette

demande et tous les documents s’y rattachant sont traités de la manière prévue à

l’article 20, sauf les paragraphes (3) et (4), comme si l’invention avait été cédée, ou

qu’il avait été convenu de céder l’invention, au ministre de la Défense nationale.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 21.

Usage de brevets à des fins humanitaires internationales en vue de remédier aux problèmes de santé publique

Objet

21.01 Les articles 21.02 à 21.2 ont pour objet de donner effet à l’engagement du

Canada et de Jean Chrétien envers l’Afrique en facilitant l’accès aux produits

pharmaceutiques nécessaires pour remédier aux problèmes de santé publique

touchant de nombreux pays en voie de développement et pays les moins avancés,

en particulier ceux résultant du VIH/SIDA, de la tuberculose, du paludisme et

d’autres épidémies.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Définitions

21.02 Les définitions qui suivent s’appliquent au présent article et aux articles 21.03

à 21.19.

Accord sur les ADPIC L’Accord sur les aspects des droits de propriété

intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce, figurant à l’annexe 1C de l’Accord instituant

l’Organisation mondiale du commerce signé à Marrakech le 15 avril 1994. (TRIPS

Agreement)

autorisation Autorisation accordée en vertu du paragraphe 21.04(1) ou renouvelée

en vertu du paragraphe 21.12(1). (authorization)

Conseil des ADPIC Le conseil visé dans l’Accord sur les ADPIC. (TRIPS Council)

Conseil général Le Conseil général de l’OMC créé par le paragraphe 2 de l’article

IV de l’Accord instituant l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, signé à Marrakech le

15 avril 1994. (General Council)

décision du Conseil général La décision rendue le 30 août 2003 par le Conseil

général à l’égard de l’article 31 de l’Accord sur les ADPIC, y compris l’interprétation

donnée de celle-ci dans la déclaration de son président faite le même jour. (General

Council Decision)

OMC L’Organisation mondiale du commerce constituée par l’article I de l’Accord

instituant l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, signé à Marrakech le 15 avril 1994.

(WTO)

produit breveté Produit dont la fabrication, la construction, l’exploitation ou la vente

au Canada sans le consentement du breveté constituerait une contrefaçon.

(patented product)

produit pharmaceutique Produit breveté figurant à l’annexe 1, dans la forme

posologique et selon la concentration et la voie d’administration indiquées, le cas

échéant. (pharmaceutical product)

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Modification des annexes

21.03 (1) Le gouverneur en conseil peut, par décret :

a) sur recommandation du ministre et du ministre de la Santé, modifier l’annexe

1 :

(i) par adjonction du nom d’un produit breveté pouvant être utilisé pour

remédier à des problèmes de santé publique touchant de nombreux pays en

voie de développement et pays les moins avancés, en particulier ceux

résultant du VIH/SIDA, de la tuberculose, du paludisme et d’autres épidémies,

et de la mention de la forme posologique, de la concentration ou de la voie

d’administration du produit, s’il le juge indiqué,

(ii) par suppression du nom d’un produit breveté ou d’une mention y figurant;

b) sur recommandation du ministre des Affaires étrangères, du ministre du

Commerce international et du ministre du Développement international, modifier

l’annexe 2, par adjonction du nom de tout pays qui, étant un pays moins avancé

selon les Nations Unies, a transmis :

(i) s’il est membre de l’OMC, au Conseil des ADPIC un avis écrit de son

intention d’importer, conformément à la décision du Conseil général, des

produits pharmaceutiques au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de cette décision,

(ii) s’il n’est pas membre de l’OMC, au gouvernement du Canada, par la voie

diplomatique, un avis écrit de son intention d’importer des produits

pharmaceutiques au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de la décision du Conseil général,

dans lequel il s’engage à ne pas utiliser les produits à des fins commerciales

et à prendre les mesures visées à l’article 4 de cette décision;

c) sur recommandation du ministre des Affaires étrangères, du ministre du

Commerce international et du ministre du Développement international, modifier

l’annexe 3, par adjonction du nom de tout membre de l’OMC ne figurant pas à

l’annexe 2 qui a transmis au Conseil des ADPIC un avis écrit de son intention

d’importer, conformément à la décision du Conseil général, des produits

pharmaceutiques au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de cette décision;

d) sur recommandation du ministre des Affaires étrangères, du ministre du

Commerce international et du ministre du Développement international, modifier

l’annexe 4, par adjonction :

(i) du nom de tout membre de l’OMC ne figurant pas à l’annexe 2 ou 3 qui a

transmis au Conseil des ADPIC un avis écrit de son intention d’importer,

conformément à la décision du Conseil général, des produits

pharmaceutiques au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de cette décision,

(ii) du nom de tout pays non-membre de l’OMC qui figure sur la liste des pays

admissibles à l’aide publique au développement établie par l’Organisation de

coopération et de développement économiques, à la condition qu’il ait

transmis au gouvernement du Canada, par la voie diplomatique, un avis écrit

dans lequel il :

(A) confirme qu’il fait face à une situation d’urgence nationale ou à

d’autres circonstances d’extrême urgence,

(B) précise le nom et la quantité du produit pharmaceutique, au sens de

l’alinéa 1a) de la décision du Conseil général, dont il a besoin pour y faire

face,

(C) confirme qu’il n’a pas la capacité de fabrication du produit

pharmaceutique ou que cette capacité est insuffisante,

(D) s’engage à ne pas utiliser le produit à des fins commerciales et à

prendre les mesures visées à l’article 4 de cette décision.

Réserve - annexe 3

(2) Le gouverneur en conseil ne peut ajouter à l’annexe 3 le nom d’un membre de

l’OMC qui a avisé le Conseil des ADPIC de son intention de n’importer,

conformément à la décision du Conseil général, des produits pharmaceutiques, au

sens de l’alinéa 1a) de cette décision, que s’il fait face à une situation d’urgence

nationale ou à d’autres circonstances d’extrême urgence.

Suppression - annexes 2, 3 et 4

(3) Sur recommandation du ministre des Affaires étrangères, du ministre du

Commerce international et du ministre du Développement international, le

gouverneur en conseil peut, par décret, supprimer de l’annexe 2, 3 ou 4 le nom d’un

pays ou d’un membre de l’OMC si :

a) dans le cas de l’annexe 2, le pays ou le membre de l’OMC n’est plus, selon les

Nations Unies, un pays moins avancé ou, s’il n’est pas membre de l’OMC, le

pays a permis que tout produit importé au titre d’une autorisation soit utilisé à des

fins commerciales ou n’a pas pris les mesures visées à l’article 4 de la décision

du Conseil général;

b) dans le cas de l’annexe 3, le membre de l’OMC a avisé le Conseil des ADPIC

de son intention de n’importer des produits pharmaceutiques, au sens de l’alinéa

1a) de la décision du Conseil général et conformément à celle-ci, que s’il fait face

à une situation d’urgence nationale ou à d’autres circonstances d’extrême

urgence;

c) dans le cas de l’annexe 4, le membre de l’OMC a révoqué l’avis donné au

Conseil des ADPIC, selon lequel il a l’intention de n’importer des produits

pharmaceutiques au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de la décision du Conseil général que

s’il fait face à une situation d’urgence nationale ou à d’autres circonstances

d’extrême urgence;

d) dans le cas de l’annexe 4, le pays non-membre de l’OMC, selon le cas :

(i) ne figure plus sur la liste des pays admissibles à l’aide publique au

développement établie par l’Organisation de coopération et de

développement économiques,

(ii) ne fait plus face à une situation d’urgence nationale ou à d’autres

circonstances d’extrême urgence,

(iii) a permis que tout produit importé au titre d’une autorisation soit utilisé à

des fins commerciales,

(iv) n’a pas pris les mesures visées à l’article 4 de la décision du Conseil

général;

e) dans le cas de l’annexe 3 ou 4, le pays ou le membre de l’OMC est devenu un

pays moins avancé selon les Nations Unies;

f) dans le cas de l’annexe 2, 3 ou 4, le pays a avisé le gouvernement du Canada,

ou le membre de l’OMC a avisé le Conseil des ADPIC, de son intention de ne

pas importer de produits pharmaceutiques au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de la décision

du Conseil général.

Célérité

(4) Tout décret visé au présent article doit être pris au moment opportun.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1; 2013, ch. 33, art. 196.

Autorisation

21.04 (1) Sous réserve du paragraphe (3) et du paiement des taxes réglementaires,

le commissaire autorise quiconque en fait la demande à utiliser, fabriquer et

construire l’invention brevetée, pourvu que ce soit dans un but directement lié à la

fabrication du produit pharmaceutique mentionné dans la demande, et à vendre

celui-ci aux fins d’exportation vers le pays ou le membre de l’OMC mentionné dans

celle-ci dont le nom figure à l’une des annexes 2, 3 ou 4.

Demande

(2) La demande doit être en la forme réglementaire et contenir les renseignements

suivants :

a) le nom du produit pharmaceutique qui sera fabriqué et vendu aux fins

d’exportation au titre de l’autorisation;

b) les renseignements réglementaires concernant la version du produit

pharmaceutique en cause;

c) la quantité maximale prévue;

d) en ce qui touche toute invention brevetée visée par la demande, le nom du

breveté et le numéro d’enregistrement du brevet au Bureau des brevets;

e) le nom du pays ou du membre de l’OMC vers lequel le produit sera exporté;

f) le nom du représentant du gouvernement ou de l’entité gouvernementale, ou

de la personne ou de l’entité permise par le gouvernement du pays importateur, à

qui le produit sera vendu et tout autre renseignement éventuellement prévu par

règlement à son égard;

g) tout autre renseignement éventuellement prévu par règlement.

Conditions d’octroi de l’autorisation

(3) L’usage de l’invention brevetée ne peut être autorisé par le commissaire que si

les conditions suivantes sont remplies :

a) le demandeur s’est conformé aux éventuelles exigences réglementaires;

b) le ministre de la Santé a notifié au commissaire le fait que la version du produit

pharmaceutique mentionnée dans la demande satisfait aux exigences de la Loi

sur les aliments et drogues et de ses règlements, notamment aux exigences

réglementaires en matière de marquage, d’estampage, d’étiquetage et

d’emballage qui indiquent que cette version du produit :

(i) est fabriquée au Canada au titre de la décision du Conseil général,

(ii) est différente de la version du produit pharmaceutique vendue au Canada

par tout breveté ou avec son accord;

c) le demandeur a fourni au commissaire une déclaration solennelle, en la forme

réglementaire, selon laquelle, au moins trente jours avant le dépôt de la

demande, il a :

(i) tenté d’obtenir une licence du breveté - ou de chacun des brevetés - par

courrier certifié ou recommandé en vue de fabriquer et de vendre aux fins

d’exportation le produit au pays ou au membre de l’OMC mentionné dans la

demande, et ce à des conditions raisonnables et sans succès,

(ii) fourni au breveté - ou à chacun des brevetés - par courrier certifié ou

recommandé, dans cette demande de licence, des renseignements qui sont,

à tous égards importants, identiques à ceux énumérés aux alinéas (2)a) à g);

d) le demandeur a également fourni au commissaire :

(i) dans le cas d’une demande concernant un membre de l’OMC visé à

l’annexe 2, d’une part, une copie certifiée de l’avis écrit transmis au Conseil

des ADPIC dans lequel le membre précise le nom et la quantité du produit

pharmaceutique, au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de la décision du Conseil général,

dont il a besoin et, d’autre part :

(A) soit une déclaration solennelle, en la forme réglementaire, dans

laquelle lui-même affirme que le produit mentionné dans sa demande est

le produit précisé dans l’avis et n’est pas un produit breveté sur le territoire

du membre,

(B) soit, d’une part, une déclaration solennelle, en la forme réglementaire,

dans laquelle lui-même affirme que le produit mentionné dans sa demande

est le produit précisé dans l’avis et, d’autre part, une copie certifiée de

l’avis écrit transmis au Conseil des ADPIC dans lequel le membre

confirme qu’il a accordé ou accordera, conformément à l’article 31 de

l’Accord sur les ADPIC et aux dispositions de la décision du Conseil

général, la licence obligatoire nécessaire à l’utilisation de l’invention

relative au produit,

(ii) dans le cas d’une demande concernant un pays visé à l’annexe 2 qui n’est

pas membre de l’OMC, d’une part, une copie certifiée de l’avis écrit transmis

au gouvernement du Canada, par la voie diplomatique, dans lequel le pays

précise le nom et la quantité du produit pharmaceutique, au sens de l’alinéa

1a) de la décision du Conseil général, dont il a besoin, et, d’autre part :

(A) soit une déclaration solennelle, en la forme réglementaire, dans

laquelle lui-même affirme que le produit mentionné dans sa demande est

le produit précisé dans l’avis et n’est pas un produit breveté sur le territoire

du pays,

(B) soit, d’une part, une déclaration solennelle, en la forme réglementaire,

dans laquelle lui-même affirme que le produit mentionné dans sa demande

est le produit précisé dans l’avis et, d’autre part, une copie certifiée de

l’avis écrit transmis au gouvernement du Canada, par la voie diplomatique,

dans lequel le pays confirme qu’il a accordé ou accordera la licence

obligatoire nécessaire à l’utilisation de l’invention relative au produit,

(iii) dans le cas d’une demande concernant un membre de l’OMC visé à

l’annexe 3, d’une part, une copie certifiée de l’avis écrit transmis au Conseil

des ADPIC dans lequel le membre précise le nom et la quantité du produit

pharmaceutique, au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de la décision du Conseil général,

dont il a besoin et confirme qu’il n’a pas la capacité de fabrication du produit

visé par la demande ou que cette capacité est insuffisante, et, d’autre part :

(A) soit une déclaration solennelle, en la forme réglementaire, dans

laquelle lui-même affirme que le produit mentionné dans sa demande n’est

pas un produit breveté sur le territoire du membre,

(B) soit une copie certifiée de l’avis écrit transmis au Conseil des ADPIC

dans lequel le membre confirme qu’il a accordé ou accordera,

conformément à l’article 31 de l’Accord sur les ADPIC et aux dispositions

de la décision du Conseil général, la licence obligatoire nécessaire à

l’utilisation de l’invention relative au produit,

(iv) dans le cas d’une demande concernant un membre de l’OMC visé à

l’annexe 4, d’une part, une copie certifiée de l’avis écrit transmis au Conseil

des ADPIC dans lequel le membre précise le nom et la quantité du produit

pharmaceutique, au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de la décision du Conseil général,

dont il a besoin et confirme qu’il fait face à une situation d’urgence nationale

ou à d’autres circonstances d’extrême urgence et qu’il n’a pas la capacité de

fabrication du produit visé par la demande ou que cette capacité est

insuffisante, et, d’autre part :

(A) soit une déclaration solennelle, en la forme réglementaire, dans

laquelle lui-même affirme que le produit mentionné dans sa demande n’est

pas un produit breveté sur le territoire du membre,

(B) soit une copie certifiée de l’avis écrit transmis au Conseil des ADPIC

dans lequel le membre confirme qu’il a accordé ou accordera,

conformément à l’article 31 de l’Accord sur les ADPIC et aux dispositions

de la décision du Conseil général, la licence obligatoire nécessaire à

l’utilisation de l’invention relative au produit,

(v) dans le cas d’une demande concernant un pays visé à l’annexe 4 qui n’est

pas membre de l’OMC, d’une part, une copie certifiée de l’avis écrit transmis

au gouvernement du Canada, par la voie diplomatique, dans lequel le pays

précise le nom et la quantité du produit pharmaceutique, au sens de l’alinéa

1a) de la décision du Conseil général, dont il a besoin, confirme qu’il fait face

à une situation d’urgence nationale ou à d’autres circonstances d’extrême

urgence et qu’il n’a pas la capacité de fabrication du produit visé par la

demande ou que cette capacité est insuffisante et s’engage à ne pas utiliser

le produit à des fins commerciales et à prendre les mesures visées à l’article 4

de cette décision et, d’autre part :

(A) soit une déclaration solennelle, en la forme réglementaire, dans

laquelle lui-même affirme que le produit mentionné dans sa demande n’est

pas un produit breveté sur le territoire du pays,

(B) soit une copie certifiée de l’avis écrit transmis au gouvernement du

Canada, par la voie diplomatique, dans lequel le pays confirme qu’il a

accordé ou accordera la licence obligatoire nécessaire à l’utilisation de

l’invention relative au produit.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Forme et contenu de l’autorisation

21.05 (1) L’autorisation doit être en la forme réglementaire et, sous réserve du

paragraphe (2), contenir les renseignements prévus par règlement.

Quantité

(2) La quantité de produit dont la fabrication est autorisée ne peut être supérieure à

la plus petite des quantités suivantes :

a) la quantité maximale mentionnée dans la demande d’autorisation;

b) la quantité mentionnée dans l’avis prévu à l’un des sous-alinéas 21.04(3)d)(i) à

(v), selon le cas.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Affichage sur site Internet

21.06 (1) Avant d’exporter le produit fabriqué au titre de l’autorisation, le titulaire doit

créer un site Internet et y afficher les renseignements réglementaires concernant le

nom du produit, le nom du pays ou du membre de l’OMC vers lequel le produit sera

exporté, la quantité qu’il est autorisé à fabriquer et à vendre aux fins d’exportation

ainsi que les caractères distinctifs du produit et de son étiquetage et emballage,

exigés par les règlements pris en vertu de la Loi sur les aliments et drogues, de

même que le nom de tous les intervenants connus qui manutentionneront le produit

dans le cadre de son transit entre le Canada et le pays ou le membre en question.

Obligation

(2) Le titulaire est tenu de conserver le site pendant toute la durée de l’autorisation.

Liens Internet

(3) Le commissaire affiche et conserve sur le site Internet de l’Office de la propriété

intellectuelle du Canada un lien vers chaque site Internet devant être conservé par le

titulaire d’une autorisation en vertu du paragraphe (1).

Affichage sur le site Internet

(4) Dans les sept jours de la réception de la demande déposée au titre du

paragraphe 21.04(1), le commissaire affiche copie de celle-ci sur le site Internet de

l’Office de la propriété intellectuelle du Canada.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Avis d’exportation

21.07 Avant chaque expédition d’une quantité du produit fabriqué au titre de

l’autorisation, le titulaire donne par courrier certifié ou recommandé, dans les quinze

jours précédant l’exportation, avis de la quantité en cause et du nom de tous les

intervenants connus qui manutentionneront le produit dans le cadre de son transit

entre le Canada et le pays ou membre vers lequel il sera exporté :

a) au breveté ou à chacun des brevetés, selon le cas;

b) au pays ou au membre de l’OMC mentionné dans l’autorisation;

c) à la personne ou à l’entité qui a acheté le produit visé par celle-ci.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Redevances

21.08 (1) Sous réserve des paragraphes (3) et (4), le titulaire de l’autorisation est

tenu de verser, à la survenance de tout événement visé par règlement, au breveté –

ou à chacun des brevetés – la redevance déterminée de la manière réglementaire.

Critère - règlements

(2) Pour la prise de tout règlement au titre du paragraphe (1), le gouverneur en

conseil prend en considération le fait que l’octroi d’autorisations au titre du

paragraphe 21.04(1) est fondé sur des motifs humanitaires et non commerciaux.

Modalités de temps

(3) Le titulaire est tenu de verser les redevances dans le délai réglementaire.

Fixation de la redevance par la Cour fédérale

(4) La Cour fédérale peut, par ordonnance, prévoir le versement d’une redevance

dont le montant dépasse celui établi au titre du paragraphe (1).

Demande et avis

(5) L’ordonnance ne peut être rendue que sur demande présentée par le breveté, ou

l’un des brevetés, et qu’après signification de celle-ci au titulaire de l’autorisation.

Contenu de l’ordonnance

(6) L’ordonnance peut soit préciser le montant de la redevance, soit en prévoir les

modalités de détermination, et être assortie des conditions que le tribunal juge

indiquées.

Conditions

(7) Le tribunal ne peut rendre l’ordonnance que s’il est convaincu que la redevance

en question n’est pas une rémunération adéquate pour l’usage de toute invention

visée par l’autorisation, compte tenu des éléments suivants :

a) les motifs – humanitaires et non commerciaux – pour lesquels l’autorisation a

été octroyée;

b) la valeur économique de l’usage de l’invention pour le pays ou le membre de

l’OMC.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Durée de l’autorisation

21.09 L’autorisation est valide pour une période de deux ans, à compter de la date

de son octroi au titre du paragraphe 21.04(1).

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Usage non exclusif

21.1 L’usage de l’invention brevetée au titre d’une autorisation ne peut être exclusif.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Autorisation incessible

21.11 L’autorisation est incessible, sauf si la partie de la personne morale ou de

l’entreprise qui a la jouissance de cet élément d’actif est vendue, cédée ou

transférée.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Renouvellement de l’autorisation

21.12 (1) Sur demande et paiement des taxes réglementaires, le commissaire

renouvelle l’autorisation si le demandeur certifie sous serment dans la demande que

la quantité de produit pharmaceutique visée par l’autorisation n’a pas été exportée

en totalité au moment de la cessation de validité de celle-ci et qu’il en a respecté les

conditions et s’est conformé aux articles 21.06 à 21.08.

Un seul renouvellement

(2) L’autorisation ne peut être renouvelée qu’une seule fois.

Délai

(3) La demande de renouvellement doit être faite au cours des trente jours précédant

la cessation de validité de l’autorisation.

Durée

(4) L’autorisation renouvelée est valide pour une période de deux ans, à compter du

jour suivant celui où expire la période prévue à l’article 21.09.

Forme réglementaire

(5) La demande de renouvellement et l’autorisation renouvelée doivent être en la

forme réglementaire.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Expiration de l’autorisation

21.13 Sous réserve de l’article 21.14, l’autorisation cesse d’être valide le premier en

date des jours suivants :

a) le jour de l’expiration de la période prévue à l’article 21.09 ou, en cas de

renouvellement de l’autorisation, de la période prévue au paragraphe 21.12(4);

b) le jour où le commissaire envoie par courrier recommandé au titulaire de

l’autorisation copie de l’avis transmis par le ministre de la Santé selon lequel

celui-ci est d’avis que le produit pharmaceutique visé à l’alinéa 21.04(3)b) ne

satisfait plus aux exigences de la Loi sur les aliments et drogues et de ses

règlements;

c) le jour où la totalité des produits pharmaceutiques visés par l’autorisation a été

exportée;

d) le trentième jour suivant le jour de la suppression :

(i) à l’annexe 1, du nom du produit pharmaceutique visé par l’autorisation,

(ii) à l’une des annexes 2, 3 ou 4, du nom du pays ou du membre de l’OMC

visé par l’autorisation, si son nom n’est pas ajouté à une autre annexe;

e) le jour établi selon les règlements.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Cour fédérale

21.14 Sur demande du breveté et après avis donné par celui-ci au titulaire de

l’autorisation, la Cour fédérale peut rendre une ordonnance assortie des conditions

qu’elle estime indiquées et mettant fin à l’autorisation si le breveté établit que, selon

le cas :

a) la demande d’autorisation ou tout document fourni au commissaire à cet égard

contenait des renseignements inexacts sur des points importants;

b) le titulaire n’a pas établi le site Internet exigé par l’article 21.06, n’y a pas

affiché les renseignements prescrits ou ne l’a pas conservé tel que l’exige cet

article;

c) celui-ci n’a pas donné les avis exigés par l’article 21.07;

d) celui-ci n’a pas acquitté les redevances dans le délai prescrit;

e) celui-ci ne s’est pas conformé au paragraphe 21.16(2);

f) le produit exporté au titre de l’autorisation vers le pays ou le membre de l’OMC

a été réexporté, en contravention de la décision du Conseil général et au su du

titulaire;

g) sauf le cas du transit, le produit a été exporté vers un pays ou un membre de

l’OMC autre que celui mentionné dans la demande;

h) la quantité exportée du produit est supérieure à celle dont la fabrication est

autorisée;

i) dans le cas où le produit a été exporté vers un pays non-membre de l’OMC, le

pays a permis que le produit soit utilisé à des fins commerciales ou n’a pas pris

les mesures visées à l’article 4 de la décision du Conseil général.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Avis

21.15 Le commissaire avise sans délai et par écrit le breveté, ou chacun des

brevetés, de toute autorisation accordée à l’égard de son invention.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Obligation de fournir une copie de l’accord

21.16 (1) Dans les quinze jours suivant le jour de l’octroi de l’autorisation ou de la

conclusion de l’accord concernant la vente du produit visé par l’autorisation, le

dernier délai à expirer étant à retenir, le titulaire de l’autorisation envoie par courrier

certifié ou recommandé au commissaire et au breveté - ou à chacun des brevetés :

a) une copie de l’accord qu’il a conclu avec la personne ou l’entité visée à l’alinéa

21.04(2)f) pour fournir le produit dont la fabrication et la vente sont autorisées,

lequel accord inclut des renseignements qui sont, à tous égards importants,

identiques à ceux énumérés aux alinéas 21.04(2)a), b), e) et f);

b) une déclaration solennelle, en la forme réglementaire, précisant :

(i) la valeur pécuniaire de l’accord, relativement au produit dont la fabrication

et la vente sont autorisées, exprimée en monnaie canadienne,

(ii) le nombre d’unités du produit à vendre aux termes de l’accord.

Interdiction

(2) Le titulaire ne peut exporter le produit visé par l’autorisation tant qu’il ne s’est pas

conformé au paragraphe (1).

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Demande – accord de nature commerciale

21.17 (1) Dans le cas où le prix moyen du produit à fabriquer au titre de l’autorisation

est égal ou supérieur à vingt-cinq pour cent du prix moyen au Canada du produit

équivalent vendu par le breveté ou avec son consentement, celui-ci peut, après avis

donné au titulaire de l’autorisation, demander à la Cour fédérale de rendre une

ordonnance au titre du paragraphe (3) au motif que l’accord aux termes duquel le

produit sera vendu est par essence de nature commerciale.

Nature commerciale de l’accord – facteurs

(2) Pour décider de la nature commerciale d’un accord, le tribunal tient compte :

a) du fait que le titulaire de l’autorisation doit obtenir un juste rendement pour

pouvoir continuer à participer aux initiatives humanitaires;

b) des niveaux de rentabilité au Canada des accords commerciaux relatifs aux

produits pharmaceutiques, au sens de l’alinéa 1a) de la décision du Conseil

général;

c) des tendances internationales concernant les prix, selon les Nations Unies, de

tels produits fournis à des fins humanitaires.

Ordonnance

(3) S’il conclut que l’accord est de nature commerciale, le tribunal peut rendre une

ordonnance, assortie des conditions qu’il estime indiquées :

a) mettant fin à l’autorisation;

b) exigeant du titulaire qu’il verse au breveté, outre les redevances, une

indemnité appropriée pour l’utilisation commerciale du brevet.

Ordonnance additionnelle

(4) S’il met fin à l’autorisation, le tribunal peut rendre une ordonnance, assortie des

conditions qu’il estime indiquées :

a) exigeant du titulaire qu’il livre au breveté les produits visés par l’autorisation

qui sont en sa possession, comme s’il avait été statué qu’il avait contrefait un

brevet;

b) exigeant du titulaire, si le breveté y consent, qu’il exporte, vers le pays ou le

membre de l’OMC mentionné dans la demande, les produits visés par

l’autorisation qui sont en sa possession.

Réserve

(5) Il ne peut être rendu d’ordonnance au titre du paragraphe (3) si le titulaire de

l’autorisation se soumet à une vérification ordonnée par le tribunal sous le sceau de

la confidentialité et que la vérification établit que le prix moyen du produit

pharmaceutique à fabriquer au titre de l’autorisation n’excède pas le coût direct de

fourniture du produit, plus quinze pour cent de ce coût.

Définitions

(6) Les définitions qui suivent s’appliquent au présent article.

coût direct de fourniture S’agissant du produit à fabriquer au titre de l’autorisation,

les coûts des matériaux et de la main d’oeuvre, et les autres coûts de fabrication,

directement liés à la production de la quantité du produit. (direct supply cost)

prix moyen

a) S’agissant du produit à fabriquer au titre de l’autorisation, le nombre obtenu

par division de la valeur pécuniaire de l’accord – exprimée en monnaie

canadienne – par le nombre d’unités du produit à vendre aux termes de celui-ci;

b) s’agissant du produit équivalent vendu par le breveté ou avec son

consentement, le nombre correspondant à la moyenne des prix au Canada du

produit qui figurent, le jour du dépôt de la demande d’autorisation, dans les

publications visées par règlement. (average price)

unité Plus petite quantité individuelle d’un produit dans telle forme posologique –

comprimé, gélule ou autre – et, le cas échéant, dans telle concentration. (unit)

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Comité consultatif

21.18 (1) Le ministre et le ministre de la Santé constituent, dans les trois ans suivant

l’entrée en vigueur du présent article, un comité consultatif chargé de les conseiller

relativement aux recommandations à faire au gouverneur en conseil concernant

toute modification de l’annexe 1.

Fonctions du comité permanent

(2) Le comité permanent de chaque chambre du Parlement habituellement chargé

des questions concernant l’industrie évalue les candidats en vue de leur nomination

à un poste au comité consultatif et présente au ministre et au ministre de la Santé

des recommandations quant à leur admissibilité et leur qualification.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1; 2005, ch. 18, art. 1.

Établissement d’un site Internet

21.19 La personne désignée par le gouverneur en conseil pour l’application du

présent article doit créer un site Internet et y afficher copie de tout avis écrit

mentionné aux sous-alinéas 21.04(3)d)(ii) et (v) qui a été transmis, par la voie

diplomatique, au gouvernement du Canada par tout pays non-membre de l’OMC.

Elle affiche la copie dans les meilleurs délais après la réception de l’avis par le

gouvernement du Canada.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Examen

21.2 (1) Le ministre effectue l’examen des articles 21.01 à 21.19 et de leur

application dans les deux ans suivant l’entrée en vigueur du présent article.

Dépôt du rapport

(2) Le ministre fait déposer le rapport devant chaque chambre du Parlement dans les

quinze jours de séance de celle-ci suivant l’établissement du rapport.

2004, ch. 23, art. 1.

Brevets liés à l’énergie nucléaire

Communication à la Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire

22 Le commissaire est tenu de communiquer à la Commission canadienne de sûreté

nucléaire toute demande de brevet qui, selon lui, concerne la production, les

applications ou les usages de l’énergie nucléaire avant que ne l’étudie un

examinateur nommé conformément à l’article 6 ou qu’elle ne soit accessible sous le

régime de l’article 10.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 22; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 5; 1997, ch. 9, art. 111..

Dispositions générales

Usage d’une invention brevetée, sur navires, aéronefs, etc. d’un pays

23 Aucun brevet ne peut aller jusqu’à empêcher l’usage d’une invention sur un

vaisseau, navire, aéronef ou véhicule terrestre de tout pays, qui entre

temporairement ou accidentellement au Canada, pourvu que cette invention serve

exclusivement aux besoins du vaisseau, navire, aéronef ou véhicule terrestre, et

qu’elle ne soit pas ainsi utilisée à fabriquer des objets destinés à être vendus au

Canada ou à en être exportés.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 23.

e24 [Abrogé, L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3 suppl.), art. 6]

Frais de procédure devant le tribunal

25 Les frais du commissaire, dans toutes procédures devant un tribunal en vertu de

la présente loi, sont à la discrétion du tribunal, mais il ne peut être ordonné au

commissaire de payer les frais de toute autre partie.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 25.

Rapport annuel

26 Le commissaire fait, chaque année, établir et déposer devant chaque chambre du

Parlement un rapport sur les activités qu’il a exercées sous le régime de la présente

loi.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 26; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 7; 2017, ch. 6, art. 35.

Liste des brevets

26.1 (1) Le commissaire fait publier, au moins une fois l’an, la liste des brevets

accordés et délivrés dans l’année.

Publication

(2) Le commissaire peut faire publier pour vente ou distribution tout document

accessible pour consultation sous le régime de l’article 10.

L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 7.

Demandes de brevets

Délivrance de brevet

27 (1) Le commissaire accorde un brevet d’invention à l’inventeur ou à son

représentant légal si la demande de brevet est déposée conformément à la présente

loi et si les autres conditions de celle-ci sont remplies.

Dépôt de la demande

(2) L’inventeur ou son représentant légal doit déposer, en la forme réglementaire,

une demande accompagnée d’une pétition et du mémoire descriptif de l’invention et

payer les taxes réglementaires.

Mémoire descriptif

(3) Le mémoire descriptif doit :

a) décrire d’une façon exacte et complète l’invention et son application ou

exploitation, telles que les a conçues son inventeur;

b) exposer clairement les diverses phases d’un procédé, ou le mode de

construction, de confection, de composition ou d’utilisation d’une machine, d’un

objet manufacturé ou d’un composé de matières, dans des termes complets,

clairs, concis et exacts qui permettent à toute personne versée dans l’art ou la

science dont relève l’invention, ou dans l’art ou la science qui s’en rapproche le

plus, de confectionner, construire, composer ou utiliser l’invention;

c) s’il s’agit d’une machine, en expliquer clairement le principe et la meilleure

manière dont son inventeur en a conçu l’application;

d) s’il s’agit d’un procédé, expliquer la suite nécessaire, le cas échéant, des

diverses phases du procédé, de façon à distinguer l’invention en cause d’autres

inventions.

Revendications

(4) Le mémoire descriptif se termine par une ou plusieurs revendications définissant

distinctement et en des termes explicites l’objet de l’invention dont le demandeur

revendique la propriété ou le privilège exclusif.

Revendications distinctes

(5) Il est entendu que, pour l’application des articles 2, 28.1 à 28.3, 56 et 78.3, si une

revendication définit, par variantes, l’objet de l’invention, chacune d’elles constitue

une revendication distincte.

Demande incomplète

(6) Si, à la date de dépôt, la demande ne remplit pas les conditions prévues au

paragraphe (2), le commissaire doit, par avis, requérir le demandeur de la compléter

au plus tard à la date qui y est mentionnée.

Délai

(7) Ce délai est d’au moins trois mois à compter de l’avis et d’au moins douze mois à

compter de la date de dépôt de la demande.

Ce qui n’est pas brevetable

(8) Il ne peut être octroyé de brevet pour de simples principes scientifiques ou

conceptions théoriques.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 27; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 8; 1993, ch. 15, art. 31, ch. 44, art.

192; 2018, ch. 27, art. 188.

Taxes périodiques

27.1 (1) Le demandeur est tenu de payer au commissaire, afin de maintenir sa

demande en état, les taxes réglementaires pour chaque période réglementaire.

(2) et (3) [Abrogés, 1993, ch. 15, art. 32]

L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 9; 1993, ch. 15, art. 32.

Date de dépôt

28 (1) La date de dépôt d’une demande de brevet est la date à laquelle le

commissaire reçoit les documents, renseignements et taxes réglementaires prévus

pour l’application du présent article. S’ils sont reçus à des dates différentes, il s’agit

de la dernière d’entre elles.

Taxes réglementaires

(2) Pour l’application du paragraphe (1), le commissaire peut, s’il estime que cela est

équitable, fixer une date de réception des taxes antérieure à celle à laquelle elles ont

été reçues.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 28; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 10; 1993, ch. 15, art. 33.

Date de la revendication

28.1 (1) La date de la revendication d’une demande de brevet est la date de dépôt

de celle-ci, sauf si :

a) la demande est déposée, selon le cas :

(i) par une personne qui a antérieurement déposé de façon régulière, au

Canada ou pour le Canada, ou dont l’agent, le représentant légal ou le

prédécesseur en droit l’a fait, une demande de brevet divulguant l’objet que

définit la revendication,

(ii) par une personne qui a antérieurement déposé de façon régulière, dans

un autre pays ou pour un autre pays, ou dont l’agent, le représentant légal ou

le prédécesseur en droit l’a fait, une demande de brevet divulguant l’objet que

définit la revendication, dans le cas où ce pays protège les droits de cette

personne par traité ou convention, relatif aux brevets, auquel le Canada est

partie, et accorde par traité, convention ou loi une protection similaire aux

citoyens du Canada;

b) elle est déposée dans les douze mois de la date de dépôt de la demande

déposée antérieurement;

c) le demandeur a présenté, à l’égard de sa demande, une demande de priorité

fondée sur la demande déposée antérieurement.

Date de dépôt de la demande antérieure

(2) Dans le cas où les alinéas (1)a) à c) s’appliquent, la date de la revendication est

la date de dépôt de la demande antérieurement déposée de façon régulière.

1993, ch. 15, art. 33.

Objet non divulgué

28.2 (1) L’objet que définit la revendication d’une demande de brevet ne doit pas :

a) plus d’un an avant la date de dépôt de celle-ci, avoir fait, de la part du

demandeur ou d’un tiers ayant obtenu de lui l’information à cet égard de façon

directe ou autrement, l’objet d’une communication qui l’a rendu accessible au

public au Canada ou ailleurs;

b) avant la date de la revendication, avoir fait, de la part d’une autre personne,

l’objet d’une communication qui l’a rendu accessible au public au Canada ou

ailleurs;

c) avoir été divulgué dans une demande de brevet qui a été déposée au Canada

par une personne autre que le demandeur et dont la date de dépôt est antérieure

à la date de la revendication de la demande visée à l’alinéa (1)a);

d) avoir été divulgué dans une demande de brevet qui a été déposée au Canada

par une personne autre que le demandeur et dont la date de dépôt correspond

ou est postérieure à la date de la revendication de la demande visée à l’alinéa (1)

a) si :

(i) cette personne, son agent, son représentant légal ou son prédécesseur en

droit, selon le cas :

(A) a antérieurement déposé de façon régulière, au Canada ou pour le

Canada, une demande de brevet divulguant l’objet que définit la

revendication de la demande visée à l’alinéa (1)a),

(B) a antérieurement déposé de façon régulière, dans un autre pays ou

pour un autre pays, une demande de brevet divulguant l’objet que définit la

revendication de la demande visée à l’alinéa (1)a), dans le cas où ce pays

protège les droits de cette personne par traité ou convention, relatif aux

brevets, auquel le Canada est partie, et accorde par traité, convention ou

loi une protection similaire aux citoyens du Canada,

(ii) la date de dépôt de la demande déposée antérieurement est antérieure à

la date de la revendication de la demande visée à l’alinéa a),

(iii) à la date de dépôt de la demande, il s’est écoulé, depuis la date de dépôt

de la demande déposée antérieurement, au plus douze mois,

(iv) cette personne a présenté, à l’égard de sa demande, une demande de

priorité fondée sur la demande déposée antérieurement.

Retrait de la demande

(2) Si la demande de brevet visée à l’alinéa (1)c) ou celle visée à l’alinéa (1)d) a été

retirée avant d’être devenue accessible au public, elle est réputée, pour l’application

des paragraphes (1) ou (2), n’avoir jamais été déposée.

1993, ch. 15, art. 33.

Objet non évident

28.3 L’objet que définit la revendication d’une demande de brevet ne doit pas, à la

date de la revendication, être évident pour une personne versée dans l’art ou la

science dont relève l’objet, eu égard à toute communication :

a) qui a été faite, plus d’un an avant la date de dépôt de la demande, par le

demandeur ou un tiers ayant obtenu de lui l’information à cet égard de façon

directe ou autrement, de manière telle qu’elle est devenue accessible au public

au Canada ou ailleurs;

b) qui a été faite par toute autre personne avant la date de la revendication de

manière telle qu’elle est devenue accessible au public au Canada ou ailleurs.

1993, ch. 15, art. 33.

Demande de priorité

28.4 (1) Pour l’application des articles 28.1, 28.2 et 78.3, le demandeur de brevet

peut présenter une demande de priorité fondée sur une ou plusieurs demandes de

brevet antérieurement déposées de façon régulière.

Conditions

(2) Le demandeur la présente selon les modalités réglementaires; il doit aussi

informer le commissaire du nom du pays ou du bureau où a été déposée toute

demande de brevet sur laquelle la demande de priorité est fondée, ainsi que de la

date de dépôt et du numéro de cette demande de brevet.

Retrait de la demande

(3) Il peut, selon les modalités réglementaires, la retirer à l’égard de la demande

déposée antérieurement; dans les cas où la demande de priorité est fondée sur

plusieurs demandes, il peut la retirer à l’égard de toutes celles-ci ou d’une ou de

plusieurs d’entre elles.

Plusieurs demandes

(4) Dans le cas où plusieurs demandes de brevet ont été déposées antérieurement

dans le même pays ou non :

a) la date de dépôt de la première demande est retenue pour l’application de

l’alinéa 28.1(1)b), du sous-alinéa 28.2(1)d)(iii) et des alinéas 78.3(1)b) et (2)b),

selon le cas;

b) la date de dépôt de la première des demandes sur lesquelles la demande de

priorité est fondée est retenue pour l’application du paragraphe 28.1(2), du sous-

alinéa 28.2(1)d)(ii) et des alinéas 78.3(1)d) et (2)d), selon le cas.

Retrait de demandes déposées antérieurement

(5) Pour l’application des articles 28.1 et 28.2 et des paragraphes 78.3(1) et (2), une

demande de brevet déposée antérieurement est réputée ne pas l’avoir été si les

conditions suivantes sont réunies :

a) la demande a été déposée plus de douze mois avant la date de dépôt de la

demande à l’égard de laquelle une demande de priorité a été présentée;

b) avant la date de dépôt de la demande à l’égard de laquelle une demande de

priorité a été présentée, une autre demande de brevet divulguant l’objet que

définit la revendication de celle-ci a été déposée :

(i) par la personne qui a déposé la demande antérieurement déposée, ou par

l’agent, le représentant légal ou le prédécesseur en droit de celle-ci,

(ii) dans le pays ou pour le pays où l’a été la demande antérieurement

déposée;

c) à la date de dépôt de cette autre demande — ou s’il y en a plusieurs, à la date

de dépôt de la première demande —, la demande antérieurement déposée a été

retirée, abandonnée ou refusée, sans avoir été accessible pour consultation et

sans laisser subsister de droits, et n’a pas été invoquée pour réclamer une

priorité au Canada ou ailleurs.

1993, ch. 15, art. 33; 2001, ch. 34, art. 63.

29 [Abrogé, 2017, ch. 6, art. 36]

30 [Abrogé, 1993, ch. 15, art. 35]

Demandes collectives

Effet du refus par un inventeur conjoint de poursuivre la demande

31 (1) Lorsqu’une invention est faite par plusieurs inventeurs et que l’un d’eux refuse

de soumettre une demande de brevet ou que le lieu où il se trouve ne peut être

déterminé après une enquête diligente, les autres inventeurs ou leur représentant

légal peuvent soumettre une demande, et un brevet peut être accordé au nom des

inventeurs qui font la demande, si le commissaire est convaincu que l’inventeur

conjoint a refusé de soumettre une demande ou que le lieu où il se trouve ne peut

être déterminé après une enquête diligente.

Pouvoirs du commissaire

(2) Lorsque, selon le cas :

a) un demandeur a consenti par écrit à céder un brevet, une fois concédé, à une

autre personne ou à un codemandeur, et refuse de poursuivre la demande;

b) un différend survient entre des codemandeurs quant à la poursuite d’une

demande,

le commissaire peut, si cette convention est établie à sa satisfaction, ou s’il est

convaincu qu’il devrait être permis à un ou plusieurs de ces codemandeurs de

procéder isolément, permettre à cette autre personne ou à ce codemandeur de

poursuivre la demande, et il peut lui accorder un brevet, de telle manière cependant

que toutes les personnes intéressées aient droit d’être entendues devant le

commissaire, après l’avis qu’il juge nécessaire et suffisant.

Procédure quand un codemandeur se retire

(3) Lorsqu’une demande est déposée par des codemandeurs et qu’il apparaît par la

suite que l’un ou plusieurs d’entre eux n’ont pas participé à l’invention, la poursuite

de cette demande peut être conduite par le ou les demandeurs qui restent, à la

condition de démontrer par affidavit au commissaire que le ou les derniers

demandeurs sont les seuls inventeurs.

Codemandeurs

(4) Lorsque la demande est déposée par un ou plusieurs demandeurs et qu’il

apparaît par la suite qu’un autre ou plusieurs autres demandeurs auraient dû se

joindre à la demande, cet autre ou ces autres demandeurs peuvent se joindre à la

demande, à la condition de démontrer au commissaire qu’ils doivent y être joints, et

que leur omission s’est produite par inadvertance ou par erreur, et non pas dans le

dessein de causer un délai.

Brevet accordé à tous

(5) Sous réserve des autres dispositions du présent article, dans le cas de

demandes collectives, le brevet est accordé nommément à tous les demandeurs.

Appel

(6) Appel de la décision rendue par le commissaire en vertu du présent article peut

être interjeté à la Cour fédérale.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 33; S.R., ch. 10(2e suppl.), art. 64.

Perfectionnement

Perfectionnement

32 Quiconque est l’auteur d’un perfectionnement à une invention brevetée peut

obtenir un brevet pour ce perfectionnement. Il n’obtient pas de ce fait le droit de

fabriquer, de vendre ou d’exploiter l’objet de l’invention originale, et le brevet

couvrant l’invention originale ne confère pas non plus le droit de fabriquer, de vendre

ou d’exploiter l’objet du perfectionnement breveté.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 34.

33 et 34 [Abrogés, 1993, ch. 15, art. 36]

Dossier d’antériorité

Dépôt

34.1 (1) Une personne peut déposer auprès du commissaire un dossier d’antériorité

constitué de brevets, de demandes de brevet accessibles au public et d’imprimés

qu’elle croit avoir effet sur la brevetabilité de toute revendication contenue dans une

demande de brevet.

Pertinence

(2) La personne qui dépose le dossier doit en exposer la pertinence.

L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 11; 1993, ch. 15, art. 37.

Examen

Requête d’examen

35 (1) Sur requête à lui faite en la forme réglementaire et sur paiement de la taxe

réglementaire, le commissaire fait examiner la demande de brevet par tel

examinateur compétent recruté par le Bureau des brevets.

Examen requis

(2) Le commissaire peut, par avis, exiger que le demandeur d’un brevet fasse la

requête d’examen visée au paragraphe (1) ou paie la taxe réglementaire dans le

délai mentionné dans l’avis, qui ne peut être plus long que celui déterminé pour le

paiement de la taxe.

(3) et (4) [Abrogés, 1993, ch. 15, art. 38]

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 35; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 12; 1993, ch. 15, art. 38.

Demandes complémentaires

Brevet pour une seule invention

36 (1) Un brevet ne peut être accordé que pour une seule invention, mais dans une

instance ou autre procédure, un brevet ne peut être tenu pour invalide du seul fait

qu’il a été accordé pour plus d’une invention.

Demandes complémentaires

(2) Si une demande décrit plus d’une invention, le demandeur peut restreindre ses

revendications à une seule invention, toute autre invention divulguée pouvant faire

l’objet d’une demande complémentaire, si celle-ci est déposée avant la délivrance

d’un brevet sur la demande originale.

Idem

(2.1) Si une demande décrit et revendique plus d’une invention, le demandeur doit,

selon les instructions du commissaire, restreindre ses revendications à une seule

invention, toute autre invention divulguée pouvant faire l’objet d’une demande

complémentaire, si celle-ci est déposée avant la délivrance d’un brevet sur la

demande originale.

Abandon de la demande originale

(3) Si la demande originale a été abandonnée, le délai pour le dépôt d’une demande

complémentaire se termine à l’expiration du délai fixé pour le rétablissement de la

demande originale aux termes de la présente loi.

Demandes distinctes

(4) Une demande complémentaire est considérée comme une demande distincte à

laquelle la présente loi s’applique aussi complètement que possible. Des taxes

distinctes sont acquittées pour la demande complémentaire, et sa date de dépôt est

celle de la demande originale.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 36; 1993, ch. 15, art. 39.

Dessins, modèles et matières biologiques

Dessins

37 (1) Dans le cas d’une machine ou dans tout autre cas où, pour l’intelligence de

l’invention, il peut être fait usage de dessins, le demandeur fournit, avec sa

demande, des dessins représentant clairement toutes les parties de l’invention.

Précisions

(2) Chaque dessin comporte les renvois correspondant au mémoire descriptif. Le

commissaire peut, à son appréciation, exiger de nouveaux dessins ou en dispenser.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 37; 1993, ch. 15, art. 40.

Modèles et échantillons

38 (1) Dans tous les cas où l’invention est susceptible d’être représentée par un

modèle, le demandeur fournit, si le commissaire le requiert, un modèle établi sur une

échelle convenable, montrant les diverses parties de l’invention dans de justes

proportions. Lorsque l’invention consiste en une composition de matières, le

demandeur fournit, si le commissaire le requiert, des échantillons des ingrédients et

de la composition, en suffisante quantité aux fins d’expérience.

Substances dangereuses

(2) Si les ingrédients ou la composition sont d’une nature explosive ou dangereuse,

ils sont fournis avec toutes les précautions spécifiées dans la réquisition qui en est

faite.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 38; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 13.

Matières biologiques

38.1 (1) Lorsque le mémoire descriptif mentionne le dépôt d’un échantillon de

matières biologiques et que ce dépôt est fait conformément aux règlements,

l’échantillon est réputé faire partie du mémoire, et il en est tenu compte, dans la

mesure où les conditions visées au paragraphe 27(3) ne peuvent être autrement

remplies, pour la détermination de la conformité du mémoire à ce paragraphe.

Absence de présomption

(2) Il est entendu que pareille mention n’a pas pour effet de faire du dépôt de

l’échantillon une condition à remplir aux termes du paragraphe 27(3).

1993, ch. 15, art. 41.

Modification du mémoire descriptif et des dessins

Modification du mémoire descriptif et des dessins

38.2 (1) Sous réserve des paragraphes (2) et (3) et des règlements, le mémoire

descriptif et les dessins faisant partie de la demande de brevet peuvent être modifiés

avant la délivrance du brevet.

Limite

(2) Le mémoire descriptif ne peut être modifié pour décrire des éléments qui ne

peuvent raisonnablement s’inférer de celui-ci ou des dessins faisant partie de la

demande, sauf dans la mesure où il est mentionné dans le mémoire qu’il s’agit d’une

invention ou découverte antérieure.

Idem

(3) Les dessins ne peuvent être modifiés pour y ajouter des éléments qui ne peuvent

raisonnablement s’inférer de ceux-ci ou du mémoire descriptif faisant partie de la

demande, sauf dans la mesure où il est mentionné dans le mémoire qu’il s’agit d’une

invention ou découverte antérieure.

1993, ch. 15, art. 41.

39 à 39.26 [Abrogés, 1993, ch. 2, art. 3]

Rejet des demandes de brevets

Le commissaire peut refuser le brevet

40 Chaque fois que le commissaire s’est assuré que le demandeur n’est pas fondé

en droit à obtenir la concession d’un brevet, il rejette la demande et, par courrier

recommandé adressé au demandeur ou à son agent enregistré, notifie à ce

demandeur le rejet de la demande, ainsi que les motifs ou raisons du rejet.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 42.

Appel à la Cour fédérale

41 Dans les six mois suivant la mise à la poste de l’avis, celui qui n’a pas réussi à

obtenir un brevet en raison du refus ou de l’opposition du commissaire peut interjeter

appel de la décision du commissaire à la Cour fédérale qui, à l’exclusion de toute

autre juridiction, peut s’en saisir et en décider.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 41; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 16.

Octroi des brevets

Contenu du brevet

42 Tout brevet accordé en vertu de la présente loi contient le titre ou le nom de

l’invention avec renvoi au mémoire descriptif et accorde, sous réserve des autres

dispositions de la présente loi, au breveté et à ses représentants légaux, pour la

durée du brevet à compter de la date où il a été accordé, le droit, la faculté et le

privilège exclusif de fabriquer, construire, exploiter et vendre à d’autres, pour qu’ils

l’exploitent, l’objet de l’invention, sauf jugement en l’espèce par un tribunal

compétent.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 42; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 16.

Forme et durée des brevets

Délivrance

43 (1) Sous réserve de l’article 46, le brevet accordé sous le régime de la présente

loi est délivré sous le sceau du Bureau des brevets. Il mentionne la date de dépôt de

la demande, celle à laquelle elle est devenue accessible au public sous le régime de

l’article 10, celle à laquelle il a été accordé et délivré ainsi que tout renseignement

réglementaire.

Validité

(2) Une fois délivré, le brevet est, sauf preuve contraire, valide et acquis au breveté

ou à ses représentants légaux pour la période mentionnée aux articles 44 ou 45.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 43; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 16; 1993, ch. 15, art. 42.

Durée du brevet

44 Sous réserve de l’article 46, la durée du brevet délivré sur une demande déposée erle 1 octobre 1989 ou par la suite est limitée à vingt ans à compter de la date de

dépôt de cette demande.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 44; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 16; 1993, ch. 15, art. 42.

Durée de dix-sept ans

45 (1) Sous réserve de l’article 46, la durée du brevet délivré au titre d’une demande erdéposée avant le 1 octobre 1989 est limitée à dix-sept ans à compter de la date à

laquelle il est délivré.

La date d’expiration la plus tardive s’applique

(2) Si le brevet visé au paragraphe (1) n’est pas périmé à la date de l’entrée en

vigueur du présent article, sa durée est limitée à dix-sept ans à compter de la date à

laquelle il a été délivré ou à vingt ans à compter de la date de dépôt de la demande,

la date d’expiration la plus tardive prévalant.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 45; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 16; 1993, ch. 15, art. 42; 2001, ch. 10,

art. 1.

Taxes périodiques

46 (1) Le titulaire d’un brevet délivré par le Bureau des brevets conformément à la

présente loi après l’entrée en vigueur du présent article est tenu de payer au

commissaire, afin de maintenir les droits conférés par le brevet en état, les taxes

réglementaires pour chaque période réglementaire.

Péremption

(2) En cas de non-paiement dans le délai réglementaire des taxes réglementaires, le

brevet est périmé.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 46; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 16; 1993, ch. 15, art. 43.

Redélivrance de brevets

Délivrance de brevets nouveaux ou rectifiés

47 (1) Lorsqu’un brevet est jugé défectueux ou inopérant à cause d’une description

et spécification insuffisante, ou parce que le breveté a revendiqué plus ou moins qu’il

n’avait droit de revendiquer à titre d’invention nouvelle, mais qu’il apparaît en même

temps que l’erreur a été commise par inadvertance, accident ou méprise, sans

intention de frauder ou de tromper, le commissaire peut, si le breveté abandonne ce

brevet dans un délai de quatre ans à compter de la date du brevet, et après

acquittement d’une taxe réglementaire additionnelle, faire délivrer au breveté un

nouveau brevet, conforme à une description et spécification rectifiée par le breveté,

pour la même invention et pour la partie restant alors à courir de la période pour

laquelle le brevet original a été accordé.

Certificat de protection supplémentaire

(1.1) Le paragraphe (1) s’applique également dans le cas où la durée du brevet

original mentionné dans un certificat de protection supplémentaire est expirée, à la

différence que la délivrance du nouveau brevet, dont la durée demeure expirée, vise

l’établissement des droits, des facultés et des privilèges conférés par le certificat.

Effet du nouveau brevet

(2) L’abandon visé au paragraphe (1) ne prend effet qu’au moment de la délivrance

du nouveau brevet, et ce nouveau brevet, ainsi que la description et spécification

rectifiée, a le même effet en droit, dans l’instruction de toute action engagée par la

suite pour tout motif survenu subséquemment, que si cette description et

spécification rectifiée avait été originalement déposée dans sa forme corrigée, avant

la délivrance du brevet original. Dans la mesure où les revendications du brevet

original et du brevet redélivré sont identiques, un tel abandon n’atteint aucune

instance pendante au moment de la redélivrance, ni n’annule aucun motif d’instance

alors existant, et le brevet redélivré, dans la mesure où ses revendications sont

identiques à celles du brevet original, constitue une continuation du brevet original et

est maintenu en vigueur sans interruption depuis la date du brevet original.

Brevets distincts pour éléments distincts

(3) Le commissaire peut accueillir des demandes distinctes et faire délivrer des

brevets pour des éléments distincts et séparés de l’invention brevetée, sur

versement de la taxe à payer pour la redélivrance de chacun de ces brevets

redélivrés.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 47; 2017, ch. 6, art. 37.

Renonciations

Cas de renonciation

48 (1) Le breveté peut, en acquittant la taxe réglementaire, renoncer à tel des

éléments qu’il ne prétend pas retenir au titre du brevet, ou d’une cession de celui-ci,

si, par erreur, accident ou inadvertance, et sans intention de frauder ou tromper le

public, dans l’un ou l’autre des cas suivants :

a) il a donné trop d’étendue à son mémoire descriptif, en revendiquant plus que

la chose dont lui-même, ou son mandataire, est l’inventeur;

b) il s’est représenté dans le mémoire descriptif, ou a représenté son mandataire,

comme étant l’inventeur d’un élément matériel ou substantiel de l’invention

brevetée, alors qu’il n’en était pas l’inventeur et qu’il n’y avait aucun droit.

Forme et attestation de la renonciation

(2) L’acte de renonciation est déposé selon les modalités réglementaires,

notamment de forme.

(3) [Abrogé, 1993, ch. 15, art. 44]

Sans effet sur les actions pendantes

(4) Dans toute action pendante au moment où elle est faite, aucune renonciation n’a

d’effet, sauf à l’égard de la négligence ou du retard inexcusable à la faire.

Décès du breveté

(5) Si le breveté original meurt, ou s’il cède son brevet, la faculté qu’il avait de faire

une renonciation passe à ses représentants légaux, et chacun d’eux peut exercer

cette faculté.

Effet de la renonciation

(6) Après la renonciation, le brevet est considéré comme valide quant à tel élément

matériel et substantiel de l’invention, nettement distinct des autres éléments de

l’invention qui avaient été indûment revendiqués, auquel il n’a pas été renoncé et qui

constitue véritablement l’invention de l’auteur de la renonciation, et celui-ci est admis

à soutenir en conséquence une action ou poursuite à l’égard de cet élément.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 48; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 17; 1993, ch. 15, art. 44.

Réexamen

Demande

48.1 (1) Chacun peut demander le réexamen de toute revendication d’un brevet sur

dépôt, auprès du commissaire, d’un dossier d’antériorité constitué de brevets, de

demandes de brevet accessibles au public et d’imprimés et sur paiement des taxes

réglementaires.

Pertinence

(2) La demande énonce la pertinence du dossier et sa correspondance avec les

revendications du brevet.

Avis

(3) Sur réception de la demande, le commissaire en expédie un double au titulaire

du brevet attaqué, sauf si celui-ci est également le demandeur.

L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 18; 1993, ch. 15, art. 45.

Constitution d’un conseil de réexamen

48.2 (1) Sur dépôt de la demande, le commissaire constitue un conseil de réexamen

formé d’au moins trois conseillers, dont deux au moins sont rattachés au Bureau des

brevets, qui se saisissent de la demande.

Décision

(2) Dans les trois mois suivant sa constitution, le conseil décide si la demande

soulève un nouveau point de fond vis-à-vis de la brevetabilité des revendications du

brevet en cause.

Avis

(3) Le conseil avise le demandeur de toute décision négative, celle-ci étant finale et

ne pouvant faire l’objet d’un appel ou d’une révision judiciaire.

Idem

(4) En cas de décision positive, le conseil expédie un avis motivé de la décision au

titulaire du brevet.

Réponse

(5) Dans les trois mois suivant la date de l’avis, le titulaire en cause peut expédier au

conseil une réponse exposant ses observations sur la brevetabilité des

revendications du brevet visé par l’avis.

L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 18; 1993, ch. 15, art. 46(F).

Procédure de réexamen

48.3 (1) Sur réception de la réponse ou au plus tard trois mois après l’avis

mentionné au paragraphe 48.2(4), le conseil se saisit du réexamen des

revendications du brevet en cause.

Dépôt de modifications

(2) Le titulaire peut proposer des modifications au brevet ou toute nouvelle

revendication à cet égard qui n’ont pas pour effet d’élargir la portée des

revendications du brevet original.

Durée

(3) Le réexamen doit être terminé dans les douze mois suivant le début de la

procédure.

L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 18.

Constat

48.4 (1) À l’issue du réexamen, le conseil délivre un constat portant rejet ou

confirmation des revendications du brevet attaqué ou, le cas échéant, versant au

brevet toute modification ou nouvelle revendication jugée brevetable.

Annexe

(2) Le constat est annexé au brevet, dont il fait partie intégrante. Un double en est

expédié, par courrier recommandé, au titulaire du brevet.

Effet du constat

(3) Pour l’application de la présente loi, lorsqu’un constat :

a) rejette une revendication du brevet sans en rejeter la totalité, celui-ci est

réputé, à compter de la date de sa délivrance, délivré en la forme modifiée;

b) rejette la totalité de ces revendications, le brevet est réputé n’avoir jamais été

délivré;

c) modifie une telle revendication ou en inclut une nouvelle, l’une ou l’autre prend

effet à compter de la date du constat jusqu’à l’expiration de la durée du brevet.

Appel

(4) Le paragraphe (3) ne s’applique qu’à compter de l’expiration du délai visé au

paragraphe 48.5(2). S’il y a appel, il ne s’applique que dans la mesure prévue par le

jugement définitif rendu en l’espèce.

L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 18; 1993, ch. 15, art. 47.

Appel

48.5 (1) Le titulaire du brevet peut saisir la Cour fédérale d’un appel portant sur le

constat de décision visé au paragraphe 48.4(1).

Prescription

(2) Il ne peut être formé d’appel plus de trois mois après l’expédition du double du

constat au titulaire du brevet.

L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 18.

Cessions et dévolutions

Cessionnaire ou représentants personnels

49 (1) Un brevet peut être concédé à toute personne à qui un inventeur, ayant aux

termes de la présente loi droit d’obtenir un brevet, a cédé par écrit ou légué par son

dernier testament son droit de l’obtenir. En l’absence d’une telle cession ou d’un tel

legs, le brevet peut être concédé aux représentants personnels de la succession

d’un inventeur décédé.

Opposition au retrait de la demande

(2) Si le demandeur d’un brevet a, après le dépôt de sa demande, cédé son droit

d’obtenir le brevet, ou s’il a, avant ou après le dépôt de celle-ci, cédé par écrit tout ou

partie de son droit de propriété sur l’invention, ou de son intérêt dans l’invention, le

cessionnaire peut faire enregistrer cette cession au Bureau des brevets, en la forme

fixée par le commissaire; aucune demande de brevet ne peut dès lors être retirée

sans le consentement écrit de ce cessionnaire.

Attestation

(3) La cession ne peut être enregistrée au Bureau des brevets à moins d’être

accompagnée de l’affidavit d’un témoin attestant, ou à moins qu’il ne soit établi par

une autre preuve à la satisfaction du commissaire, que cette cession a été signée et

souscrite par le cédant.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 49; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 19.

Les brevets sont cessibles

50 (1) Tout brevet délivré pour une invention est cessible en droit, soit pour la

totalité, soit pour une partie de l’intérêt, au moyen d’un acte par écrit.

Enregistrement

(2) Toute cession de brevet et tout acte de concession ou translatif du droit exclusif

d’exécuter et d’exploiter l’invention brevetée partout au Canada et de concéder un tel

droit à des tiers sont enregistrés au Bureau des brevets selon ce que le commissaire

établit.

Attestation

(3) L’acte de cession, de concession ou de transport ne peut être enregistré au

Bureau des brevets à moins d’être accompagné de l’affidavit d’un témoin attestant,

ou à moins qu’il ne soit établi par une autre preuve à la satisfaction du commissaire,

qu’un tel acte de cession, de concession ou de transport a été signé et souscrit par

le cédant et aussi par chacune des autres parties à l’acte.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 50; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 20.

Nullité de la cession, à défaut d’enregistrement

51 Toute cession en vertu des articles 49 ou 50 est nulle et de nul effet à l’égard d’un

cessionnaire subséquent, à moins que l’acte de cession n’ait été enregistré, aux

termes de ces articles, avant l’enregistrement de l’acte sur lequel ce cessionnaire

subséquent fonde sa réclamation.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 53.

Juridiction de la Cour fédérale

52 La Cour fédérale est compétente, sur la demande du commissaire ou de toute

personne intéressée, pour ordonner que toute inscription dans les registres du

Bureau des brevets concernant le titre à un brevet soit modifiée ou radiée.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 54; S.R., ch. 10(2e suppl.), art. 64.

Brevets essentiels à une norme

Titulaire subséquent lié — brevet ou certificat

52.1 (1) L’engagement d’accorder une licence relative à un brevet essentiel à une

norme qui lie le titulaire du brevet lie également tout titulaire subséquent du brevet et

tout titulaire d’un certificat de protection supplémentaire qui mentionne le brevet.

Titulaire subséquent lié

(2) L’engagement d’accorder une licence qui lie le titulaire d’un certificat de

protection supplémentaire mentionnant un brevet essentiel à une norme lie

également tout titulaire subséquent du certificat.

Application

(3) Les paragraphes (1) et (2) s’appliquent malgré toute autre loi fédérale et toute

décision ou ordonnance rendue en vertu d’une telle loi.

2018, ch. 27, art. 190.

Règlements

52.2 Le gouverneur en conseil peut prendre des règlements, pour l’application de

l’article 52.1, concernant ce qui constitue, ou ce qui ne constitue pas, un

engagement d’accorder une licence ou un brevet essentiel à une norme.

2018, ch. 27, art. 190.

Procédures judiciaires relatives aux brevets

Nul en certains cas, ou valide en partie seulement

53 (1) Le brevet est nul si la pétition du demandeur, relative à ce brevet, contient

quelque allégation importante qui n’est pas conforme à la vérité, ou si le mémoire

descriptif et les dessins contiennent plus ou moins qu’il n’est nécessaire pour

démontrer ce qu’ils sont censés démontrer, et si l’omission ou l’addition est

volontairement faite pour induire en erreur.

Exception

(2) S’il apparaît au tribunal que pareille omission ou addition est le résultat d’une

erreur involontaire, et s’il est prouvé que le breveté a droit au reste de son brevet, le

tribunal rend jugement selon les faits et statue sur les frais. Le brevet est réputé

valide quant à la partie de l’invention décrite à laquelle le breveté est reconnu avoir

droit.

(3) [Abrogé, 2017, ch. 6, art. 38]

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 53; 2017, ch. 6, art. 38.

Admissibilité en preuve

53.1 (1) Dans toute action ou procédure relative à un brevet, toute communication

écrite ou partie de celle-ci peut être admise en preuve pour réfuter une déclaration

faite, dans le cadre de l’action ou de la procédure, par le titulaire du brevet

relativement à l’interprétation des revendications se rapportant au brevet si les

conditions suivantes sont réunies :

a) elle est produite dans le cadre de la poursuite de la demande du brevet ou, à

l’égard de ce brevet, d’une renonciation ou d’une demande ou procédure de

réexamen;

b) elle est faite entre, d’une part, le demandeur ou le titulaire du brevet, et d’autre

part, le commissaire, un membre du personnel du Bureau des brevets ou un

conseiller du conseil de réexamen.

Demande complémentaire

(2) Pour l’application du présent article, la poursuite de toute demande

complémentaire est réputée comprendre la poursuite de la demande originale avant

le dépôt de cette demande complémentaire.

Brevet redélivré

(3) Pour l’application du présent article, les communications écrites ci-après sont

réputées être produites dans le cadre de la poursuite de la demande de brevet

redélivré :

a) celles produites dans le cadre de la poursuite de la demande du brevet qui a

été abandonné et qui est à l’origine du brevet redélivré;

b) celles produites dans le cadre de la demande de redélivrance.

2018, ch. 27, art. 191.

Contrefaçon

Juridiction des tribunaux

54 (1) Une action en contrefaçon de brevet peut être portée devant la cour

d’archives qui, dans la province où il est allégué que la contrefaçon s’est produite, a

juridiction, pécuniairement, jusqu’à concurrence du montant des dommages-intérêts

réclamés et qui, par rapport aux autres tribunaux de la province, tient ses audiences

dans l’endroit le plus rapproché du lieu de résidence ou d’affaires du défendeur. Ce

tribunal juge la cause et statue sur les frais, et l’appropriation de juridiction par le

tribunal est en soi une preuve suffisante de juridiction.

Juridiction de la Cour fédérale

(2) Le présent article n’a pas pour effet de restreindre la juridiction attribuée à la

Cour fédérale par l’article 20 de la Loi sur les Cours fédérales ou autrement.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 54; 2002, ch. 8, art. 182.

Contrefaçon et recours

55 (1) Quiconque contrefait un brevet est responsable envers le breveté et toute

personne se réclamant de celui-ci du dommage que cette contrefaçon leur a fait

subir après l’octroi du brevet.

Indemnité raisonnable

(2) Est responsable envers le breveté et toute personne se réclamant de celui-ci, à

concurrence d’une indemnité raisonnable, quiconque accomplit un acte leur faisant

subir un dommage entre la date à laquelle la demande de brevet est devenue

accessible au public sous le régime de l’article 10 et l’octroi du brevet, dans le cas où

cet acte aurait constitué une contrefaçon si le brevet avait été octroyé à la date où

cette demande est ainsi devenue accessible.

Partie à l’action

(3) Sauf disposition expresse contraire, le breveté est, ou est constitué, partie à tout

recours fondé sur les paragraphes (1) ou (2).

Assimilation à une action en contrefaçon

(4) Pour l’application des autres dispositions du présent article et des articles 54 et

55.01 à 59, le recours visé au paragraphe (2) est réputé être une action en

contrefaçon et l’acte sur lequel il se fonde est réputé être un acte de contrefaçon.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 55; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 21; 1993, ch. 15, art. 48.

Prescription

55.01 Tout recours visant un acte de contrefaçon se prescrit à compter de six ans de

la commission de celui-ci.

1993, ch. 15, art. 48.

Nouveau produit

55.1 Dans une action en contrefaçon d’un brevet accordé pour un procédé relatif à

un nouveau produit, tout produit qui est identique au nouveau produit est, en

l’absence de preuve contraire, réputé avoir été produit par le procédé breveté.

1993, ch. 2, art. 4, ch. 44, art. 193.

Exception

55.2 (1) Il n’y a pas contrefaçon de brevet lorsque l’utilisation, la fabrication, la

construction ou la vente d’une invention brevetée se justifie dans la seule mesure

nécessaire à la préparation et à la production du dossier d’information qu’oblige à

fournir une loi fédérale, provinciale ou étrangère réglementant la fabrication, la

construction, l’utilisation ou la vente d’un produit.

(2) et (3) [Abrogés, 2001, ch. 10, art. 2]

Règlements

(4) Le gouverneur en conseil peut, par règlement, régir la contrefaçon de tout brevet

qui résulte ou pourrait résulter, de façon directe ou autrement, de la fabrication, de la

construction, de l’utilisation ou de la vente, au titre du paragraphe (1), d’une

invention brevetée, et notamment :

a) régir les conditions complémentaires nécessaires à la délivrance à quiconque,

relativement à un produit auquel peut se rapporter un brevet, de tout titre — avis,

certificat, permis ou autre — en vertu de lois fédérales régissant la fabrication, la

construction, l’utilisation ou la vente d’un tel produit;

b) régir la première date à laquelle un tel titre peut être délivré et celle à laquelle il

peut prendre effet, ainsi que la manière de fixer chacune de ces dates;

c) régir la délivrance, la suspension ou la révocation d’un tel titre lorsque la

délivrance de celui-ci entraîne ou pourrait entraîner, de façon directe ou

autrement, la contrefaçon d’un brevet;

d) régir la prévention et le règlement de différends portant sur la date à laquelle

un tel titre peut être délivré ou prendre effet;

e) régir la prévention et le règlement de différends portant sur la contrefaçon d’un

brevet qui pourrait résulter, de façon directe ou autrement, de la fabrication, de la

construction, de l’utilisation ou de la vente d’un produit visé à l’alinéa a);

f) régir le règlement de différends portant sur la contrefaçon d’un brevet qui

résulte, de façon directe ou autrement, de la fabrication, de la construction, de

l’utilisation ou de la vente d’un tel produit;

g) conférer des droits d’action concernant les différends visés à l’un ou l’autre

des alinéas d) à f);

h) limiter ou interdire le recours à d’autres droits d’action prévus par toute loi

fédérale concernant les différends visés à l’un ou l’autre des alinéas d) à f);

i) désigner le tribunal compétent à l’égard des procédures résultant de l’exercice

des droits d’action visés à l’alinéa g);

j) régir ces procédures, notamment la procédure devant ce tribunal, les moyens

de défense qui peuvent être invoqués, les conclusions qui peuvent être

recherchées, la jonction de parties, la réunion de droits d’action ou d’autres

procédures, les décisions et ordonnances qui peuvent être rendues ainsi que les

appels de ces décisions et ordonnances;

k) préciser qui peut être un intéressé pour l’application du paragraphe 60(1) dans

le cadre des différends visés à l’alinéa e).

Divergences

(5) Une disposition réglementaire prise sous le régime du présent article prévaut sur

toute disposition législative ou réglementaire fédérale divergente.

Précision

(6) Il est entendu que le paragraphe (1) n’a pas pour effet de porter atteinte au

régime légal des exceptions au droit de propriété ou au privilège exclusif que confère

un brevet en ce qui touche l’usage privé et sur une échelle ou dans un but non

commercial.

1993, ch. 2, art. 4; 2001, ch. 10, art. 2; 2017, ch. 6, art. 39; 2018, ch. 27, art. 192.

Exception — expérimentation

55.3 (1) L’acte commis dans un but d’expérimentation à l’égard de l’objet d’un brevet

ne constitue pas une contrefaçon du brevet.

Règlements

(2) Le gouverneur en conseil peut, par règlement, régir :

a) les facteurs dont le tribunal peut ou doit tenir compte — et ceux dont il ne peut

tenir compte — afin de décider si l’acte est commis ou non dans le but visé au

paragraphe (1);

b) les circonstances dans lesquelles l’acte est commis, ou non, dans un tel but.

2018, ch. 27, art. 193.

Exception — utilisation antérieure

56 (1) Sous réserve du paragraphe (2), si une personne, avant la date d’une

revendication se rapportant à un brevet et de bonne foi, a commis un acte qui par

ailleurs constituerait une contrefaçon du brevet relativement à la revendication, ou a

fait de bonne foi des préparatifs effectifs et sérieux en vue de commettre un tel acte,

l’acte ne constitue pas une contrefaçon du brevet ou de tout certificat de protection

supplémentaire qui mentionne le brevet, relativement à cette revendication, si cette

personne commet le même acte à compter de cette date.

Transfert

(2) Si l’acte visé au paragraphe (1) a été commis, ou si les préparatifs en vue de la

commission de l’acte ont été faits, dans le cadre d’une entreprise et que celle-ci, ou

la partie de celle-ci dans le cadre de laquelle l’acte a été commis ou les préparatifs

ont été faits, est ensuite transférée, les règles suivantes s’appliquent :

a) le paragraphe (1) ou l’alinéa b), selon le cas, ne s’applique pas à l’acte commis

par le cédant après le transfert;

b) l’acte ne constitue pas une contrefaçon du brevet ou de tout certificat de

protection supplémentaire qui mentionne le brevet, relativement à la

revendication, si le cessionnaire le commet après le transfert.

Exception — utilisation ou vente d’un article

(3) L’utilisation ou la vente d’un article ne constitue pas une contrefaçon de brevet,

ou de tout certificat de protection supplémentaire qui mentionne le brevet, si l’article

est acquis, de façon directe ou autrement, d’une personne qui, au moment où elle

s’en est départie, pouvait le vendre sans contrefaire le brevet ou le certificat :

a) parce que la personne, avant la date d’une revendication se rapportant au

brevet et de bonne foi, a commis un acte qui par ailleurs constituerait une

contrefaçon du brevet relativement à la revendication et qu’elle s’en est départie

avant cette date;

b) aux termes du paragraphe (1) ou de l’alinéa (2)b).

Exception — utilisation d’un service

(4) L’utilisation d’un service ne constitue pas une contrefaçon de brevet si le service

est fourni par une personne qui peut, aux termes du paragraphe (1) ou de l’alinéa (2)

b), le faire sans contrefaire le brevet.

Non-application

(5) Le paragraphe (1) ou l’alinéa (3)a) ne s’applique pas si la personne visée à ce

paragraphe ou à cet alinéa a pu, selon le cas, commettre l’acte ou faire les

préparatifs en vue de le commettre uniquement parce qu’elle a obtenu, de façon

directe ou autrement, l’information à l’égard de l’objet que définit la revendication de

la part du demandeur de la demande au titre de laquelle le brevet a été accordé et

qu’elle savait que cette information provenait du demandeur.

Exception — utilisation d’un article

(6) Sous réserve du paragraphe (7), l’utilisation d’un article ne constitue pas une

contrefaçon de brevet ou de tout certificat de protection supplémentaire qui

mentionne le brevet, relativement à une revendication, si l’article est acquis,

directement ou autrement, d’une personne qui, avant la date de la revendication, a

de bonne foi fabriqué ou vendu — ou a fait de bonne foi des préparatifs effectifs et

sérieux en vue de fabriquer ou de vendre — un article, qui est sensiblement le même

que celui utilisé, pour cette utilisation.

Transfert

(7) Si la fabrication ou la vente visée au paragraphe (6), ou les préparatifs en vue de

la fabrication ou de la vente, ont été faits dans le cadre d’une entreprise et que celle-

ci, ou la partie de celle-ci dans le cadre de laquelle la fabrication, la vente ou les

préparatifs ont été faits, est ensuite transférée, les règles suivantes s’appliquent :

a) le paragraphe (6) ou l’alinéa b), selon le cas, ne s’applique pas à l’égard de

l’article qui, après le transfert, est fabriqué ou vendu par le cédant;

b) l’utilisation de l’article ne constitue pas une contrefaçon du brevet ou de tout

certificat de protection supplémentaire qui mentionne le brevet, à l’égard de la

revendication visée au paragraphe (6), si l’utilisateur en fait la même utilisation

que celle prévue à ce paragraphe et que l’article est fabriqué ou vendu par le

cessionnaire, après le transfert, pour cette utilisation.

Non-application

(8) Le paragraphe (6) ne s’applique pas si la personne visée à ce paragraphe a pu

fabriquer ou vendre l’article, ou faire les préparatifs en vue de le fabriquer ou de le

vendre, uniquement parce qu’elle a obtenu, de façon directe ou autrement,

l’information à l’égard de l’utilisation que définit la revendication de la part du

demandeur de la demande au titre de laquelle le brevet a été accordé et qu’elle

savait que cette information provenait du demandeur.

Exception — utilisation d’un service

(9) Sous réserve du paragraphe (10), l’utilisation d’un service ne constitue pas une

contrefaçon de brevet relativement à une revendication si le service a été fourni par

une personne qui, avant la date de la revendication, a de bonne foi fourni — ou a fait

de bonne foi des préparatifs effectifs et sérieux en vue de fournir — un service, qui

est sensiblement le même que celui utilisé, pour cette utilisation.

Transfert

(10) Si le service visé au paragraphe (9) a été fourni, ou si les préparatifs en vue de

la fourniture du service ont été faits, dans le cadre d’une entreprise et que celle-ci,

ou la partie de celle-ci dans le cadre de laquelle le service a été fourni ou les

préparatifs ont été faits, est ensuite transférée, les règles ci-après s’appliquent après

le transfert :

a) le cédant est réputé ne plus être la personne visée au paragraphe (9) pour

l’application de ce paragraphe;

b) le cessionnaire est réputé être la personne qui a fourni le service pour

l’application du paragraphe (9).

Non-application

(11) Le paragraphe (9) ne s’applique pas si la personne visée à ce paragraphe a pu

fournir le service ou faire les préparatifs en vue de le fournir uniquement parce

qu’elle a obtenu, de façon directe ou autrement, l’information à l’égard de l’utilisation

que définit la revendication de la part du demandeur de la demande au titre de

laquelle le brevet a été accordé et qu’elle savait que cette information provenait du

demandeur.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 56; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 22; 1993, ch. 44, art. 194 et 199; 2018,

ch. 27, art. 194.

Interdiction

57 (1) Dans toute action en contrefaçon de brevet, le tribunal, ou l’un de ses juges,

peut, sur requête du plaignant ou du défendeur, rendre l’ordonnance qu’il juge à

propos de rendre :

a) pour interdire ou défendre à la partie adverse de continuer à exploiter,

fabriquer ou vendre l’article qui fait l’objet du brevet, et pour prescrire la peine à

subir dans le cas de désobéissance à cette ordonnance;

b) pour les fins et à l’égard de l’inspection ou du règlement de comptes,

et d’une façon générale, quant aux procédures de l’action.

Appel

(2) Appel peut être interjeté de cette ordonnance dans les mêmes circonstances et

au même tribunal qu’appel peut être interjeté des autres jugements ou ordonnances

du tribunal qui a rendu l’ordonnance.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 59.

Revendications invalides

58 Lorsque, dans une action ou procédure relative à un brevet qui renferme deux ou

plusieurs revendications, une ou plusieurs de ces revendications sont tenues pour

valides, mais qu’une autre ou d’autres sont tenues pour invalides ou nulles, il est

donné effet au brevet tout comme s’il ne renfermait que la ou les revendications

valides.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 60.

Défense

59 Dans toute action en contrefaçon de brevet, le défendeur peut invoquer comme

moyen de défense tout fait ou manquement qui, d’après la présente loi ou en droit,

entraîne la nullité du brevet; le tribunal prend connaissance de cette défense et des

faits pertinents et statue en conséquence.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 61.

Invalidation

Invalidation de brevets ou de revendications

60 (1) Un brevet ou une revendication se rapportant à un brevet peut être déclaré

invalide ou nul par la Cour fédérale, à la diligence du procureur général du Canada

ou à la diligence d’un intéressé.

Déclaration relative à la violation

(2) Si une personne a un motif raisonnable de croire qu’un procédé employé ou dont

l’emploi est projeté, ou qu’un article fabriqué, employé ou vendu ou dont sont

projetés la fabrication, l’emploi ou la vente par elle, pourrait, d’après l’allégation d’un

breveté, constituer une violation d’un droit de propriété ou privilège exclusif accordé

de ce chef, elle peut intenter une action devant la Cour fédérale contre le breveté

afin d’obtenir une déclaration que ce procédé ou cet article ne constitue pas ou ne

constituerait pas une violation de ce droit de propriété ou de ce privilège exclusif.

Cautionnement pour frais

(3) À l’exception du procureur général du Canada ou du procureur général d’une

province, le plaignant dans une action exercée sous l’autorité du présent article

fournit, avant de s’y engager, un cautionnement pour les frais du breveté au montant

que le tribunal peut déterminer. Toutefois, le défendeur dans toute action en

contrefaçon de brevet a le droit d’obtenir une déclaration en vertu du présent article

sans être tenu de fournir un cautionnement.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 62; S.R., ch. 10(2e suppl.), art. 64.

e61 [Abrogé, L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3 suppl.), art. 23]

Jugements

Jugement annulant un brevet

62 Le brevet ou la partie du brevet qui a été annulé par un jugement est nul et de nul

effet et est tenu pour tel, à moins que le jugement ne soit infirmé en appel en vertu

de l’article 63.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 62; 1993, ch. 15, art. 49; 2017, ch. 6, art. 40.

Appel

63 Tout jugement annulant totalement ou partiellement ou refusant d’annuler

totalement ou partiellement un brevet est sujet à appel devant tout tribunal

compétent pour juger des appels des autres décisions du tribunal qui a rendu ce

jugement.

S.R., ch. P-4, art. 65.

Conditions 64 [Abrogé, 1993, ch. 44, art. 195]

Abus des droits de brevets

65 (1) Le procureur général du Canada ou tout intéressé peut, après l’expiration de

trois années à compter de la date de la concession d’un brevet, s’adresser au

commissaire pour alléguer que, dans le cas de ce brevet, les droits exclusifs qui en

dérivent ont donné lieu à un abus, et pour demander un recours sous l’autorité de la

présente loi.

En quoi consiste l’abus

(2) Les droits exclusifs dérivant d’un brevet sont réputés avoir donné lieu à un abus

lorsque l’une ou l’autre des circonstances suivantes s’est produite :

a) et b) [Abrogés, 1993, ch. 44, art. 196]

c) il n’est pas satisfait à la demande, au Canada, de l’article breveté, dans une

mesure adéquate et à des conditions équitables;

d) par défaut, de la part du breveté, d’accorder une ou des licences à des

conditions équitables, le commerce ou l’industrie du Canada, ou le commerce

d’une personne ou d’une classe de personnes exerçant un commerce au

Canada, ou l’établissement d’un nouveau commerce ou d’une nouvelle industrie

au Canada subissent quelque préjudice, et il est d’intérêt public qu’une ou des

licences soient accordées;

e) les conditions que le breveté, soit avant, soit après l’adoption de la présente

loi, fixe à l’achat, à la location ou à l’utilisation de l’article breveté, ou à la licence

qu’il pourrait accorder à l’égard de cet article breveté, ou à l’exploitation ou à la

mise en oeuvre du procédé breveté, portent injustement préjudice à quelque

commerce ou industrie au Canada, ou à quelque personne ou classe de

personnes engagées dans un tel commerce ou une telle industrie;

f) il est démontré que l’existence du brevet, dans le cas d’un brevet pour une

invention couvrant un procédé qui comporte l’usage de matières non protégées

par le brevet, ou d’un brevet pour une invention portant sur une substance

produite par un tel procédé, a fourni au breveté un moyen de porter injustement

préjudice, au Canada, à la fabrication, à l’utilisation ou à la vente de l’une de ces

matières.

(3) et (4) [Abrogés, 1993, ch. 44, art. 196]

Définition de article breveté

(5) Pour l’application du présent article, article breveté s’entend notamment des

articles fabriqués au moyen d’un procédé breveté.

L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 65; 1993, ch. 2, art. 5, ch. 15, art. 51, ch. 44, art. 196.

Pouvoirs du commissaire en cas d’abus

66 (1) Lorsque le commissaire est convaincu qu’a été établi un cas d’abus de droits

exclusifs à la faveur d’un brevet, il peut exercer l’un des pouvoirs suivants, selon qu’il

le juge à propos dans les circonstances :

a) il peut ordonner la concession d’une licence à un demandeur, aux conditions

que le commissaire estime convenables et qui contiennent une clause interdisant

au porteur de licence d’importer au Canada des marchandises dont l’importation,

si elle était pratiquée par d’autres personnes que le breveté ou des personnes se

réclamant de lui, constituerait une violation du brevet; en pareil cas, le breveté et

toutes les personnes détenant alors une licence sont réputés être mutuellement

convenus d’empêcher une telle importation;

b) [Abrogé, 1993, ch. 44, art. 197]

c) s’il est convaincu que les droits exclusifs ont donné lieu à des abus dans les

circonstances spécifiées à l’alinéa 65(2)f), il peut ordonner la concession de

licences au demandeur et à tels de ses clients, à telles conditions, que le

commissaire juge convenables;

d) s’il est convaincu que l’exercice de l’un des pouvoirs prévus au présent article

ne peut en réaliser les objets et ceux de l’article 65, il ordonne la déchéance du

brevet, soit immédiatement, soit à l’expiration d’un délai raisonnable que spécifie

l’ordonnance, à moins que dans l’intervalle n’aient été remplies les conditions que

fixe l’ordonnance en vue de réaliser les objets du présent article et de l’article 65;

il peut, pour des motifs raisonnables et démontrés en chaque cas, prolonger par

ordonnance subséquente le délai ainsi spécifié, mais il ne peut rendre aucune

ordonnance de déchéance qui contrarie un traité, une convention, un accord ou

un engagement avec un autre pays, auquel le Canada est partie;

e) s’il est d’avis que les objets du présent article et de l’article 65 seront plus

efficacement réalisés en ne rendant aucune ordonnance aux termes des

dispositions du présent article, il peut rendre une ordonnance qui rejette la

requête, et décider comme il l’estime juste toute question de frais.

Procédures en vue de prévenir la violation du brevet

(2) Un porteur de licence aux termes de l’alinéa (1)a) a le droit d’exiger du breveté

qu’il intente des procédures en vue de prévenir la violation du brevet; si le breveté

refuse ou néglige d’intenter des procédures dans un délai de deux mois après en

avoir été ainsi requis, le porteur de licence peut, en son propre nom, comme s’il était

lui-même le breveté, intenter une action en contrefaçon et mettre le breveté en

cause comme défendeur. Un breveté ainsi mis en cause comme défendeur