Decree of the State Council of the people’s Republic of China
No. 339
Regulations on Computers Software Protection are hereby
Promulgated and shall be effective as of January 1, 2002.
Premier, Zhu Rongji
December 20, 2001
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Regulations on Computers Software Protection
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the
Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China, for the purposes of
protecting the rights and interests of copyright owners of computer
software, regulating the relationship of interests generated in the
development, dissemination and use of computer software, encouraging
the development and application of computer software, and promoting the
development of software industry and the informatization of national
economy.
Article 2 For the purposes of these Regulations, the term “computer
software” (hereinafter referred to as “software”) means computer
programs and relevant documents.
Article 3 For the purposes of these Regulations, the following
definitions apply:
(1) “computer program” means a coded instruction sequence which
may be executed by devices with information processing capabilities such
as computers, or a symbolic instruction sequence or symbolic statement
sequence which may be automatically converted into a coded instruction
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sequence for the purpose of obtaining certain expected results; the source
program and object program of a computer program shall be deemed as
one and the same work;
(2) “documents” means literal descriptions or charts used to describe
the content, structure, design, functional performance, historical
development, test results and usage, such as program design instructions,
flowcharts, and user’s manuals;
(3) “software developer” means a legal entity or other organization
that actually organizes, or directly carries out, the development of a piece
of software and assumes responsibility for the accomplished software, or
a natural person who independently completes, relying on his own
conditions, the development of a piece of software and assumes
responsibility therefor;
(4) “software copyright owner” means a natural person, legal entity or
other organization that enjoys software copyright in accordance with
these Regulations.
Article 4 The software protected under these Regulations must be
developed independently by the developer and fixed on tangible medium.
Article 5 Chinese citizens, legal entities or other organizations enjoy,
in accordance with these Regulations, copyright in the software which
they have developed, whether published or not.
Foreigners or stateless persons having software first published
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within the territory of the People’s Republic of China enjoy copyright in
accordance with these Regulations.
Software copyright enjoyed by foreigners or stateless persons under
an agreement concluded between China and the country to which they
belong to or in which they have their habitual residences, or, under an
international treaty acceded to by China, is protected in accordance with
these Regulations.
Article 6 The protection of software copyright under these
Regulations shall not extend to the ideas, processing, operating methods,
mathematical concepts or the like used in software development.
Article 7 A software copyright owner may register with the software
registration institution recognized by the copyright administration
department of the State Council. A registration certificate issued by the
software registration institution is a preliminary proof of the registered
items.
Fees shall be paid for software registration. The charging standards
for software registration shall be provided for by the copyright
administration department of the State Council jointly with the competent
department for pricing of the State Council.
Chapter II Software Copyright
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Article 8 A software copyright owner shall enjoy the following
rights:
(1) the right of divulgation, that is, the right to decide whether to make
the software available to the public;
(2) the right of developer-ship, that is, the right to claim developer’s
identity and to have the developer’s name mentioned in connection with
the software;
(3) the right of alteration, that is, the right to supplement or abridge the
software, or to change the sequence of instructions or statements;
(4) the right of reproduction, that is, the right to produce one or more
copies of the software;
(5) the right of distribution, that is, the right to provide the original
copy or reproductions of the software to the public by selling or donating;
(6) the right of rental, that is, the right to authorize others to use
temporarily and onerously the original copy or reproductions of the
software, except where the software itself is not the essential object of the
rental;
(7) the right of communication through information network, that is,
the right to make the software available to the public by wire or wireless
means so that members of the public may have access to the software
from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
(8) the right of translation, that is, the right to converse the natural
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language of the software into another natural language; and
(9) other rights which shall be enjoyed by software copyright owners.
A software copyright owner may authorize others to exploit his
copyright, and has a right to receive remuneration.
A software copyright owner may transfer, wholly or in part, his
copyright, and has a right to receive remuneration.
Article 9 Except where otherwise provided in these Regulations, the
copyright in a piece of software belongs to its developer.
The natural person, legal entity or other organization whose name is
mentioned in connection with a piece of software shall, in the absence of
proof to the contrary, will be its developer.
Article 10 Where a piece of software is developed jointly by two or
more natural persons, legal entities or other organizations, the copyright
ownership shall be agreed upon in a written contract between the
co-developers. Where, in the absence of a written contract or an explicit
agreement in the contract, the joint software can be separated into
independent parts and exploited separately, each co-developer may enjoy
independent copyright in the part which he has developed, but the
exploitation of such copyright shall not extend to the copyright in the
joint software as a whole. Where the joint software cannot be separated
into independent parts and exploited separately, its copyright is enjoyed
jointly by those co-developers and exploited by agreement. In the absence
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of such an agreement, any co-developer shall not prevent, without
justification, the other(s) from exploiting the copyright except the right of
transfer; however, the profit received for exploiting the joint software
shall be reasonably shared between all the co-developers.
Article 11 Where a piece of software is developed on commission,
the copyright ownership shall be agreed upon in a written contract
between the commissioning and the commissioned parties. In the absence
of a written contract or an explicit agreement in the contract, the
copyright shall be enjoyed by the commissioned party.
Article 12 Where a piece of software is developed under a task
assigned by a State organ, the ownership and exploitation of its copyright
shall be stipulated in a letter of project assignment or a contract. In the
absence of an explicit stipulation in the letter of project assignment or the
contract, the copyright shall be enjoyed by the legal entity or other
organization that has accepted the task.
Article 13 Where a piece of software developed by a natural person
working in a legal entity or other organization in the course of his service
involves one of the following circumstances, the copyright therein shall
be enjoyed by such legal entity or organization, which may reward the
natural person for the development of the software:
(1) the software is developed based on the development objective
explicitly designated in the line of his service duty;
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(2) the software is a foreseeable or natural result of his work activities
in the line of his service duty; or
(3) the software is developed mainly with the material and technical
resources of the legal entity or other organization, such as funds, special
equipment or unpublished special information, and the legal entity or
other organization assumes the responsibility therefor.
Article 14 The software copyright shall exist from the date on which
its development has been completed.
In the case of software copyright of a natural person, the term of
protection shall be the lifetime of such person and fifty years after his
death, expiring on December 31 of the fiftieth year after his death. In the
case of a piece of joint software, the term of protection shall expire on
December 31 of fiftieth year after the death of the last surviving
developer.
In the case of software copyright a legal entity or other organization,
the term of protection shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of the
fiftieth year after the first publication of such software; however, if any
such software has not been published within fifty years from the date on
which its development has been completed, it shall be no longer protected
under these Regulations.
Article 15 Where software copyright belongs to a natural person, his
successer(s) may, after his death, inherit the rights provided for in Article
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8 of these Regulations except the right of developer-ship, during the term
of protection provided for in these Regulations, in accordance with the
succession Law of the People’s Republic of China.
Where software copyright belongs to a legal entity or other
organization, the copyright shall, after the change or the termination of
the legal entity or other organization, be enjoyed, during the term of
protection provided for in these Regulations, by the legal entity or other
organization that has taken over the former’s rights and obligations, or, in
the absence of such entity or organization, by the State.
Article 16 Owners of lawful copies of a piece of software enjoy the
following rights:
(1) to install and store the software in devices with information
processing capabilities, such as computers, according to the need of their
use;
(2) to make backup copies against damage, provided that such owners
do not offer others in any way the backup copies for their use and that
they destroy such copies once they lose the ownership thereof; and
(3) to make necessary alterations to the software in order to implement
it in an actual environment of computer application or to improve its
functions or performance, provided that such owners do not, except
otherwise agreed in the contract, offer any third party the altered software
without permission from the software copyright owner.
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Article 17 A piece of software may be used by its installing,
displaying, transmitting or storing for the purposes of studying or
researching the design ideas or principles embodied therein, without
permission from, and without payment of remuneration, to the software
copyright owner.
Chapter III Software Copyright Licensing and Transfer
Article 18 In the case of a license to exploit software copyright, the
parties shall conclude a licensing contract.
The licensee shall not exploit any right that the software copyright
owner has not expressly granted in the contract.
Article 19 In the case of an exclusive license to exploit software
copyright, the parties shall conclude a written contract.
In the absence of a written contract or an explicit agreement upon
exclusive license in the contract, the right that the licensee is authorized
to exploit shall be deemed as a non-exclusive right.
Article 20 In the case of a transfer of software copyright, the parties
shall conclude a written contract.
Article 21 Anyone that concludes an exclusive licensing contract or
a transfer contract of software copyright may register with the software
registration institution recognized by the copyright administration
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department of the State Council.
Article 22 A Chinese citizen, legal entity or other organization that
authorizes a foreigner’s exploiting software copyright, or transfers it to a
foreigner, shall comply with the Regulations of the People’s Republic of
China on Administration of Technology Import and Export.
Chapter IV Legal Liability
Article 23 Except where otherwise provided in the Copyright Law
of the People’s Republic of China or these Regulations, anyone who
commits any of the following acts of infringement shall, in light of the
circumstances, bear civil liability by means of ceasing infringements,
eliminating ill effects, making an apology, or compensating for losses:
(1) to publish or register a piece of software without the authorization
of the software copyright owner;
(2) to publish or register a piece of software developed by another
person as ones own;
(3) to publish, or register, a piece of joint software as developed
solely by oneself, without the authorization of the other co-developer(s);
(4) to have ones name mentioned in connection with, or alter the
name on, a piece of software developed by another person;
(5) to alter or translate a piece of software without the authorization
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(6) to commit other acts of infringing upon software copyright.
Article 24 Except where otherwise provided in the Copyright Law
of the People’s Republic of China, these Regulations, or other laws or
administrative regulations, anyone who, without the authorization of the
software copyright owner, commits any of the following acts of
infringement shall, in light of the circumstances, bear civil liability by
means of ceasing infringements, eliminating ill effects, making an
apology, or compensating for losses; where such act also prejudices the
public interest, the copyright administration department may order to
cease infringements, confiscate illegal income, confiscate or destroy the
infringing copies, and may impose a fine concurrently; where the
circumstances are serious, the copyright administration department may
confiscate the material, tools and equipment mainly used to produce
infringing copies; and where the act violates the Criminal Law, criminal
liability shall be investigated for the crime of infringing upon copyright
or selling infringing copies in accordance with the provisions of the
Criminal Law:
(1) to reproduce, wholly or in part, a piece of software of the
copyright owner;
(2) to distribute, rent or communicate to the public through
information network a piece of software of the copyright owner;
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(3) to knowingly circumvent or sabotage technological measures
used by the copyright owner for protecting the software copyright;
(4) to knowingly remove or alter any electronic rights management
information attached to a copy of a piece of software; or
(5) to transfer, or authorize another person to exploit, the software
copyright of the owner.
Whoever commits the act referred to in item (1) or (2) of the
preceding paragraph may be concurrently fined 100 yuan for per copy or
not more than 5 times of the value of the products; and, those who
commits the act referred to in item (3), (4) or (5) of the preceding
paragraph may be fined not more than 50,000 yuan concurrently.
Article 25 The compensation paid for infringing upon software
copyright shall be determined in accordance with Article 48 of the
Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China.
Article 26 A software copyright owner that can present evidence to
prove that another person is committing, or is to commit, an infringement
which, if not being prevented promptly, is likely to cause irreparable
harm to him, may, before instituting legal proceedings, apply to a
people’s court, in accordance with Article 49 of the Copyright Law of the
People’s Republic of China, for an order of a stop to relevant act and for
measures of property preservation.
Article 27 In order to prevent infringement, a software copyright
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owner may, before instituting legal proceedings, apply to a people’s court,
in accordance with Article 50 of the Copyright Law of the People’s
Republic of China, for evidence preservation where the evidence is likely
to be missing, or to be obtained difficultly later.
Article 28 A publisher or producer of copies of a piece of software
that fails to prove that the legal authorization for the publication or
production, or, a distributor or renter of copies of a piece of software that
fails to prove the legal source of the copies which he distributes or rents,
shall bear legal liability.
Article 29 The development of a piece of software which is similar
to a pre-existing one due to a limit of alternative forms of expression does
not constitute an infringement of the copyright in the pre-existing one.
Article 30 A holder of copies of a piece of software that neither
knows nor has reasonable grounds to know that such copies are infringing
ones does not bear liability of compensation but shall cease the use of,
and destroy, the infringing copies. Nevertheless, if the cease of use or the
destruction of such copies is likely to cause heavy losses to him, the
holder of such copies may, after paying reasonable remuneration to the
software copyright owner, continue to use such copies.
Article 31 A dispute over software copyright infringement may be
settled by mediation.
A dispute over a software copyright contract may be submitted to an
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arbitration institution for arbitration under an arbitration clause in the
copyright contract or under a written arbitration agreement concluded
later between the parties.
Any party may institute legal proceedings directly in a people’s court
in the absence of an arbitration clause in the contract or of a written
arbitration agreement concluded afterwards between the parties.
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Article 32 Any act of infringing upon software copyright committed
prior to the entry into force of these Regulations shall be dealt with under
the relevant provisions of the State that are in force at the time when the
act was committed.
Article 33 These Regulations shall be effective as of January 1,
2002. The Regulations on Computer Software Protection promulgated by
the State Council on June 4, 1991 shall be repealed simultaneously.
计算机软件保护条例
第一章 总则
第一条 为了保护计算机软件著作权人的权益，调整计算机软件在开发、传播和使用中发生的利益关系，鼓励计算机软件的开发与应用，促进软件产业和 国民经济信息化的发展，根据《中华人民共和国著作权法》，制定本条例。
第二条 本条例所称计算机软件(以下简称软件)，是指计算机程序及其有关文档。
第三条 本条例下列用语的含义：
(一)计算机程序，是指为了得到某种结果而可以由计算机等具有信息处理能力的装置执行的代码化指令序列，或者可以被自动转换成代码化指令序列的 符号化指令序列或者符号化语句序列。同一计算机程序的源程序和目标程序为同一作品。 (二)文档，是指用来描述程序的内容、组成、设计、功能规 格、开发情况、测试结果及使用方法的文字资料和图表等，如程序设计说明书、流程图、用户手册等。 (三)软件开发者，是指实际组织开发、直接进 行开发，并对开发完成的软件承担责任的法人或者其他组织；或者依靠自己具有的条件独立完成软件开发，并对软件承担责任的自然人。 (四)软件著 作权人，是指依照本条例的规定，对软件享有著作权的自然人、法人或者其他组织。
第四条 受本条例保护的软件必须由开发者独立开发，并已固定在某种有形物体上。
第五条 中国公民、法人或者其他组织对其所开发的软件，不论是否发表，依照本条例享有著作权。 外国人、无国籍人的软件首先在中国境 内发行的，依照本条例享有著作权。 外国人、无国籍人的软件，依照其开发者所属国或者经常居住地国同中国签订的协议或者依照中国参加的国际 条约享有的著作权，受本条例保护。
第六条 本条例对软件著作权的保护不延及开发软件所用的思想、处理过程、操作方法或者数学概念等。
第七条 软件著作权人可以向国务院著作权行政管理部门认定的软件登记机构办理登记。软件登记机构发放的登记证明文件是登记事项的初步证明。 办理软件登记应当缴纳费用。软件登记的收费标准由国务院著作权行政管理部门会同国务院价格主管部门规定。
第二章 软件著作权
第八条 软件著作权人享有下列各项权利：
(一)发表权，即决定软件是否公之于众的权利；
(二)署名权，即表明开发者身份，在软件上署名的权利；
(三)修改权，即对软件进行增补、删节，或者改变指令、语句顺序的权利；
(四)复制权，即将软件制作一份或者多份的权利；
(五)发行权，即以出售或者赠与方式向公众提供软件的原件或者复制件的权利；
(六)出租权，即有偿许可他人临时使用软件的权利，但是软件不是出租的主要标的的除外；
(七)信息网络传播权，即以有线或者无线方式向公众提供软件，使公众可以在其个人选定的时间和地点获得软件的权利；
(八)翻译权，即将原软件从一种自然语言文字转换成另一种自然语言文字的权利；
(九)应当由软件著作权人享有的其他权利。
软件著作权人可以许可他人行使其软件著作权，并有权获得报酬。
软件著作权人可以全部或者部分转让其软件著作权，并有权获得报酬。
第九条 软件著作权属于软件开发者，本条例另有规定的除外。
如无相反证明，在软件上署名的自然人、法人或者其他组织为开发者。
第十条 由两个以上的自然人、法人或者其他组织合作开发的软件，其著作权的归属由合作开发者签订书面合同约定。无书面合同或者合同未作明确约 定，合作开发的软件可以分割使用的，开发者对各自开发的部分可以单独享有著作权；但是，行使著作权时，不得扩展到合作开发的软件整体的著作权。合作开发的 软件不能分割使用的，其著作权由各合作开发者共同享有，通过协商一致行使；不能协商一致，又无正当理由的，任何一方不得阻止他方行使除转让权以外的其他权 利，但是所得收益应当合理分配给所有合作开发者。
第十一条 接受他人委托开发的软件，其著作权的归属由委托人与受托人签订书面合同约定；无书面合同或者合同未作明确约定的，其著作权由受托人享 有。
第十二条 由国家机关下达任务开发的软件，著作权的归属与行使由项目任务书或者合同规定；项目任务书或者合同中未作明确规定的，软件著作权由接 受任务的法人或者其他组织享有。
第十三条 自然人在法人或者其他组织中任职期间所开发的软件有下列情形之一的，该软件著作权由该法人或者其他组织享有，该法人或者其他组织可以 对开发软件的自然人进行奖励：
(一)针对本职工作中明确指定的开发目标所开发的软件；
(二)开发的软件是从事本职工作活动所预见的结果或者自然的结果；
(三)主要使用了法人或者其他组织的资金、专用设备、未公开的专门信息等物质技术条件所开发并由法人或者其他组织承担责任的软件。
第十四条 软件著作权自软件开发完成之日起产生。
自然人的软件著作权，保护期为自然人终生及其死亡后50年，截止于自然人死亡后第50年的12月31日；软件是合作开发的，截止于最后死亡的自 然人死亡后第50年的12月31日。 法人或者其他组织的软件著作权，保护期为50年，截止于软件首次发表后第50年的12月31日，但软件自 开发完成之日起50年内未发表的，本条例不再保护。
第十五条 软件著作权属于自然人的，该自然人死亡后，在软件著作权的保护期内，软件著作权的继承人可以依照《中华人民共和国继承法》的有关规 定，继承本条例第八条规定的除署名权以外的其他权利。 软件著作权属于法人或者其他组织的，法人或者其他组织变更、终止后，其著作权在本条例规 定的保护期内由承受其权利义务的法人或者其他组织享有；没有承受其权利义务的法人或者其他组织的，由国家享有。
第十六条 软件的合法复制品所有人享有下列权利：
(一)根据使用的需要把该软件装入计算机等具有信息处理能力的装置内； (二)为了防止复制品损坏而制作备份复制品。这些备份复制品 不得通过任何方式提供给他人使用，并在所有人丧失该合法复制品的所有权时，负责将备份复制品销毁； (三)为了把该软件用于实际的计算机应用环 境或者改进其功能、性能而进行必要的修改；但是，除合同另有约定外，未经该软件著作权人许可，不得向任何第三方提供修改后的软件。
第十七条 为了学习和研究软件内含的设计思想和原理，通过安装、显示、传输或者存储软件等方式使用软件的，可以不经软件著作权人许可，不向其支 付报酬。
第三章 软件著作权的许可使用和转让
第十八条 许可他人行使软件著作权的，应当订立许可使用合同。 许可使用合同中软件著作权人未明确许可的权利，被许可人不得行使。
第十九条 许可他人专有行使软件著作权的，当事人应当订立书面合同。 没有订立书面合同或者合同中未明确约定为专有许可的，被许可行 使的权利应当视为非专有权利。
第二十条 转让软件著作权的，当事人应当订立书面合同。
第二十一条 订立许可他人专有行使软件著作权的许可合同，或者订立转让软件著作权合同，可以向国务院著作权行政管理部门认定的软件登记机构登 记。
第二十二条 中国公民、法人或者其他组织向外国人许可或者转让软件著作权的，应当遵守《中华人民共和国技术进出口管理条例》的有关规定。
第四章 法律责任
第二十三条 除《中华人民共和国著作权法》或者本条例另有规定外，有下列侵权行为的，应当根据情况，承担停止侵害、消除影响、赔礼道歉、赔偿损 失等民事责任：
(一)未经软件著作权人许可，发表或者登记其软件的；
(二)将他人软件作为自己的软件发表或者登记的；
(三)未经合作者许可，将与他人合作开发的软件作为自己单独完成的软件发表或者登记的；
(四)在他人软件上署名或者更改他人软件上的署名的；
(五)未经软件著作权人许可，修改、翻译其软件的；
(六)其他侵犯软件著作权的行为。
第二十四条 除《中华人民共和国著作权法》、本条例或者其他法律、行政法规另有规定外，未经软件著作权人许可，有下列侵权行为的，应当根据情 况，承担停止侵害、消除影响、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失等民事责任；同时损害社会公共利益的，由著作权行政管理部门责令停止侵权行为，没收违法所得，没收、销毁 侵权复制品，可以并处罚款；情节严重的，著作权行政管理部门并可以没收主要用于制作侵权复制品的材料、工具、设备等；触犯刑律的，依照刑法关于侵犯著作权 罪、销售侵权复制品罪的规定，依法追究刑事责任：
(一)复制或者部分复制著作权人的软件的；
(二)向公众发行、出租、通过信息网络传播著作权人的软件的；
(三)故意避开或者破坏著作权人为保护其软件著作权而采取的技术措施的；
(四)故意删除或者改变软件权利管理电子信息的；
(五)转让或者许可他人行使著作权人的软件著作权的。
有前款第(一)项或者第(二)项行为的，可以并处每件100元或者货值金额5倍以下的罚款；有前款第(三)项、第(四)项或者第(五)项行为 的，可以并处5万元以下的罚款。
第二十五条 侵犯软件著作权的赔偿数额，依照《中华人民共和国著作权法》第四十八条的规定确定。
第二十六条 软件著作权人有证据证明他人正在实施或者即将实施侵犯其权利的行为，如不及时制止，将会使其合法权益受到难以弥补的损害的，可以依 照《中华人民共和国著作权法》第四十九条的规定，在提起诉讼前向人民法院申请采取责令停止有关行为和财产保全的措施。
第二十七条 为了制止侵权行为，在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，软件著作权人可以依照《中华人民共和国著作权法》第五十条的规定，在 提起诉讼前向人民法院申请保全证据。
第二十八条 软件复制品的出版者、制作者不能证明其出版、制作有合法授权的，或者软件复制品的发行者、出租者不能证明其发行、出租的复制品有合 法来源的，应当承担法律责任。
第二十九条 软件开发者开发的软件，由于可供选用的表达方式有限而与已经存在的软件相似的，不构成对已经存在的软件的著作权的侵犯。
第三十条 软件的复制品持有人不知道也没有合理理由应当知道该软件是侵权复制品的，不承担赔偿责任；但是，应当停止使用、销毁该侵权复制品。如 果停止使用并销毁该侵权复制品将给复制品使用人造成重大损失的，复制品使用人可以在向软件著作权人支付合理费用后继续使用。
第三十一条 软件著作权侵权纠纷可以调解。 软件著作权合同纠纷可以依据合同中的仲裁条款或者事后达成的书面仲裁协议，向仲裁机构申 请仲裁。 当事人没有在合同中订立仲裁条款，事后又没有书面仲裁协议的，可以直接向人民法院提起诉讼。
第五章附则
第三十二条 本条例施行前发生的侵权行为，依照侵权行为发生时的国家有关规定处理。
第三十三条 本条例自2002年1月1日起施行。1991年6月4日国务院发布的《计算机软件保护条例》同时废止。