The Secretary-General received the following communication(s) related to the reservations made by Qatar: (May 22, 2019)
"The Government of Sweden has examined the statement and the reservation made by the State of Qatar upon accession to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In this context the Government of Sweden would like to recall, that under well-established international treaty law, the name assigned to a statement whereby the legal effect of certain provisions of a treaty is excluded or modified, does not determine its status as a reservation to the treaty. Thus, the Government of Sweden considers that the statement made by the State of Qatar concerning Article 8, in the absence of further clarification, in substance constitutes a reservation to the [Covenant].
The Government of Sweden notes that the interpretation and application of Article 3 and Article 8 are made subject to in general terms to Islamic sharia and/or national legislation. The Government of Sweden is of the view that such reservations, which does not clearly specify the extent of the derogations, raises doubt as to the commitment of the State of Qatar to the object and purpose of the [Covenant].
According to customary international law, as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, reservations incompatible with the object and purpose of the [Covenant] shall not be permitted. It is in the common interest of states that treaties to which they have chosen to become parties are respected, as to their object and purpose, by all parties and that states are prepared to undertake any legislative changes necessary to comply with their obligations under the treaties.
For this reason, the Government of Sweden objects to the aforementioned reservations made by the Government of Qatar. The [Covenant] shall enter into force in its entirety between the two States, without Qatar benefitting from its reservations."
Objection with regard to the declaration made by Myanmar upon ratification (October 4, 2018):
"The Government of Sweden has examined the declaration made by the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar upon ratification to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by which, with reference to Article 1, it declared that the term 'right to self-determination' does not apply to any section of people within a sovereign independent state and cannot be construed as authorizing or encouraging any action which would dismember or impair, totally or in part, the territorial integrity or political unity of a sovereign and independent state and also that the provision of the Covenant will only be applied in conformity with the Constitution of Myanmar.
In this context the Government of Sweden would like to recall, that under well-established international treaty law, the name assigned to a statement whereby the legal effect of certain provisions of a treaty is excluded or modified, does not determine its status as a reservation to the treaty. Thus, the Government of Sweden considers that the declaration made by the Government of Myanmar, in the absence of further clarification, in substance constitutes a reservation to the Covenant.
The declaration concerning Article 1 places conditions on the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination not provided for in international law. To attach such conditions could undermine the concept of self-determination itself and would thereby seriously weaken its universally acceptable character.
Furthermore, the Government of Sweden notes that the declaration implies that Article 1 of the Covenant is made subject to a general reservation referring to domestic law of Myanmar.
Consequently, the Government of Sweden is of the view that the declaration raises doubts as to the commitment of Myanmar to the object and purpose of the Covenant and would recall that, according to customary international law, as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty shall not be permitted. It is in the common interest of States that treaties to which they have chosen to become parties are respected as to their object and purpose, by all parties, and that States are prepared to undertake any legislative changes necessary to comply with their obligations under the treaties.
For this reason, the Government of Sweden objects to the aforementioned reservation made by the Government of Myanmar. This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the treaty between Sweden and Myanmar. The treaty enters into force in its entirety between Myanmar and Sweden without Myanmar benefiting from its reservation."
2005年3月1日提出的反对意见:
“瑞典政府希望回顾到,借助声明使用的名称使一部条约中某些规定的法律效力被排除或修改的,不可根据这一名称来确定其是否属于条约的保留意见。
瑞典政府认为,尽管公约第2条第(1)款允许逐渐实现公约规定,但是不可将其援引为歧视的基础。
适用公约的规定时是受《巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国宪法》的规定制约的,这会让人不明白,巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国认为其受条约义务约束的程度如何,因此也会对巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国对公约之目标和宗旨作出的承诺提出质疑。瑞典政府认为,巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国政府对《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》作出的声明实质上构成了保留意见。
各国均希望各方都尊重它们选择加入的条约,各国也准备在必要时对立法作出修改,以与条约规定的义务保持一致。根据《维也纳条约法公约》中的国际习惯法,各国不得提出违反一部条约的目标和宗旨的保留意见。
因此,瑞典政府反对巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国对《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》提出的保留意见。
这种反对意见并不妨碍巴基斯坦与瑞典之间的公约生效,巴基斯坦也不能从其保留意见中获益。”
鸣谢:译文由WIPO提供。© 2014 WIPO
2004年6月30日提出的反对意见:
瑞典政府审查了土耳其共和国在批准《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》时发表的声明和保留意见。
土耳其共和国声明,该国将仅对与其建立了外交关系的缔约国履行公约的规定。瑞典政府认为,这项声明实际上构成了保留意见。土耳其共和国的保留意见让人不明白,土耳其共和国认为其受条约义务约束的程度如何。因此,由于缺乏进一步的明确说明,这个保留意见对土耳其共和国对公约之目标和宗旨作出的承诺提出了质疑。
瑞典政府注意到,在诠释和适用公约第13条第(3)款和第(4)款时要受涉及土耳其共和国宪法若干规定的保留意见制约,同时这种保留意见也没有明确指出具体内容。因此,瑞典政府认为,由于缺乏进一步明确说明,这种没有明确指明土耳其共和国减损履行所涉规定的程度的保留意见对土耳其共和国对公约之目标和宗旨作出的承诺提出了严重质疑。
根据《维也纳条约法公约》中公认的国际习惯法,各国不得提出违反一部条约的目标和宗旨的保留意见。各国均希望,它们选择加入的条约的目标和宗旨得到各方的尊重,各国也准备为履行这些条约规定的义务而进行必须的立法改革。
因此,瑞典政府反对土耳其共和国对《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》提出的上述保留意见。
这种反对意见并不妨碍土耳其共和国与瑞典之间的公约生效。公约在两国间完全生效,土耳其共和国不能从其保留意见中获益。”
鸣谢:译文由WIPO提供。© 2014 WIPO
2002年4月2日提出的反对意见:
“瑞典政府审查了这份声明,并希望回顾到,根据公认的国际条约法,借助声明使用的名称使一部条约中某些规定的法律效力被排除或修改的,则不能根据这一名称来确定声明是否属于条约的保留意见。瑞典政府认为,中华人民共和国政府对《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》第8条第1款(a)项作出的声明实质上构成了保留意见。
瑞典政府注意到,适用公约第8条第1款(a)项时要受涉及国家立法规定的声明制约。根据《维也纳条约法公约》,加入一部条约的缔约方不可援引其国内法作为其不遵守条约的理由。此外,人人有权组织工会和参加他所选择的工会是公约的基本原则之一。瑞典政府希望回顾到,根据《维也纳条约法公约》中的国际习惯法,各国不得提出与一部条约的目标和宗旨不符的保留意见。
因此,瑞典政府反对中华人民共和国对《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》提出的保留意见。该公约是在中国不能从保留意见中获益的条件下生效的。”
鸣谢:译文由WIPO提供。© 2014 WIPO
1999年12月14日提出的反对意见:
“为此,瑞典政府希望回顾到,根据公认的国际条约法,借助声明使用的名称使一部条约中某些规定的法律效力被排除或修改的,则不能根据这一名称来确定声明是否属于条约的保留意见。因此,瑞典政府认为,由于缺乏进一步的明确说明,孟加拉国政府的声明实质上构成了公约的保留意见。
关于第1条的声明提出的国际法未规定的行使人民自决权的条件,附加这种条件可能会损害自决权这一概念,由此也会严重削弱其被普遍接受的特征。
此外,瑞典政府指出,有关第2条和第3条以及第7条和第8条的声明意味着公约的这些条款要受涉及孟加拉国国内法相关规定的一般性保留意见制约。
因此,瑞典政府认为,由于缺乏进一步的明确说明,因此这些声明对孟加拉国对公约之目标和宗旨作出的承诺提出了质疑。该国还希望回顾到,根据公认的国际法,各国不得提出与一部条约的目标和宗旨不符的保留意见。
各国均希望,各方都尊重它们选择加入的条约的目标和宗旨,各国也准备在必要时对立法作出修改,以与条约规定的义务保持一致。
因此,瑞典政府反对孟加拉国政府对《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》提出的上述一般性保留意见。
这种反对意见并不妨碍孟加拉国与瑞典之间的公约生效。因此公约将使两国之间开展合作,孟加拉国不能从其声明中获益。”
鸣谢:译文由WIPO提供。© 2014 WIPO
1997年7月23日提出的反对意见:
“瑞典政府认为,这些一般性保留意见可能对科威特对公约之目标和宗旨作出的承诺提出了质疑。
瑞典政府认为,关于科威特政府提出的有权不履行公约明确规定的罢工权利的保留意见以及关于人人有权享受社会保障的第9条仅适用科威特人的解释性声明就公约的目标和宗旨而言有问题。该国尤其认为,关于第9条的声明将原则上完全把在科威特境内工作的许多外国人排除在社会保障保护之外,而这个声明是不能依据公约第2条第(3)款作出的。
各国均希望,一部条约的目标和宗旨得到各方的尊重。
因此,瑞典政府反对上述一般性保留意见和解释性声明。
这种反对意见并不妨碍科威特与瑞典之间的公约完全生效。”
鸣谢:译文由WIPO提供。© 2014 WIPO
批准时的声明:
“瑞典就公约第7条(d)项有关公共假日报酬事宜提出了一项保留意见。”
鸣谢:译文由WIPO提供。© 2014 WIPO
法 | 条款 | 签字 | 文书 | 生效 |
---|